MOMZL@L@D RZÅLX@LD @KIDZGM @KYMKXEZ@D HDL]GMKXEC

RZM\MKXEHDRDZ?

KEXFECP\EKLFM_EGEPE

RZM\MKXEHDECE@K\XZ]LXDZE?

MC@EKEGEP@HXEI]Z\]EZM_

\MZY@L@D KEL@DKEC HM ERZMKH@_EOM \MKE

DZNEK@_EL@ÜK HDL]GMXEC MK MC MKXDZKD CEJDZEC

\DELFE L]KH@KEGEZLE

:2:5
 

@ktrdhull`ük

Mk mc prmsmktm hdlugmktd tdgermgds hm elumrhd e cds rmncegmktds `gpcmgmktehds pdr ce Cmy

=08 hm :222 tdhds cds pesds kmlmser`ds pere momluter uk `kvmkter`d hdlugmktec. Rmkseje tmkmr
mk lumkte hm e ce Mgprmse hm Lerp`ktmrçe @klrdgmtecms \E\ ldgd gmkl`dkà mk mc `kidrgm
ektmr`dr, pmrd ec vmr qum kd rmqumrçe sui`l`mktms mcmgmktds kmlmser`ds, tdgà ce hml`s`ük hm
msldnmr ce mkt`heh hmc Erlf`vd Nmkmrec hm ce Kel`ük ye qum àste sm mklernü hm lrmer cds pesds

pere pdhmr rmec`zer mc `kvmkter`d hm gekmre gås gelrd.

Hmserrdccd

@kvmkter`d Hdlugmktec?
Hdlugmktec?

  Mk cds elumrhds 2<6 y 28: sm mstejcmlmk cds perågmtrds pere drnek`zer cds erlf`vds mk
mkt`hehms pÿjc`les d pr`vehes qum lugpcek iukl`ük pÿjc`le, sm rmnuce mc `kvmkter`d
ÿk`ld hdlugmktec y sm hek ces peutes pere su rmec`zel`ük.
  Mk mc ertçlucd :9 hm ce Cmy =08 hm :222  “ Cmy nmkmrec hm Erlf`vds, sm mstejcmlm qum –ms
djc`nel`ük hm ces mkt`hehms hm ce Ehg`k`strel`ük Rÿjc`le mcejdrer `kvmkter`ds hm cds
hdlugmktds qum prdhuzlek mk momrl`l`d hm sus iukl`dkms, hm gekmre qum sm esmnurm mc
ldktrdc hm cds hdlugmktds mk sus h`imrmktms iesms.
  Elumrhd # 8:? ¸¸Rdr mc luec sm mstejcmlmk cds lr`tmr`ds pere ce drnek`zel`ük hm cds
erlf`vds, sm rmnuce mc @kvmkter`d ßk`ld Hdlugmktec y sm hmserrdccek dtrds ertçlucds hm ce
Cmy Nmkmrec hm Erlf`vds 808 hm :222‗. 
  Mk mc Ertçlucd \àpt`gd? @kvmkter`d Hdlugmktec. \m mstejcmlm qum ces mkt`hehms hm ce
Ehg`k`strel`ük Rÿjc`le ehdpteråk mc Idrgetd ßk`ld hm @kvmkter`d Hdlugmktec.
  Elumrhd 2<6 hm :222? –Rdr mc luec sm hmserrdcce mc ertçlucd 5= hm ce Cmy Nmkmrec hm
Erlf`vds =08 hm :222‗ 
  Fejce sdjrm ces rmspdksej`c`hehms hmc smrv`hdr pÿjc`ld irmktm e cds hdlugmktds y
erlf`vds ldgd rmspdksejcms hm ce ldksmrvel`ük, drnek`zel`ük, usd y gekmod hm mccds,
ehmgås hmc `kstrult`vd hmc idrgetd ÿk`ld hm `kvmkter`d hdlugmktec mc luec hmi`km lehe
tàrg`kd ldktmk`hd mk àc, qum s`rvm ce nuçe pere cds erlf`v`stes mk cds prdlmh`g`mktds
pere ce mktrmne y rml`jd hm cds hdlugmktds1 prdlmh`g`mktds qum mstejcmlmk cds hmjmrms
tektd hm cds smrv`hdrms pÿjc`lds ldgd cds rmspdksejcms hm lehe uk`heh ehg`k`stret`ve d
hmpmkhmkl`e pere tecms treksimrmkl`es.

\ustmktel`ük cmnec Cmy ><8 Lüh`nd h`sl`pc`ker`d)

h`sl`pc`ker`d)  
 Ertçlucd <8? mc kugmrec = mstejcmlm ldgd hmjmrms hm tdhd smrv`hdr pÿjc`ld mc hm –Lustdh`er y
lu`her ce hdlugmktel`ük m `kidrgel`ük qumqu m pdr rezük hm su mgpcmd, lernd d iukl`ük ldksmrvm
jeod su lu`hehd e ce luec tmkne ellmsd, `gp`h`mkhd d mv`tekhd ce sustrell`ük, hmstrull`ük
dlucteg`mktd d ut`c`zel`ük `khmj`hds‗.  

 Ertçlucd <= hm ce Cmy ><8 hm :22: smõece qum cm mstå prdf`j`hd e cds smrv`hdrms pÿjc`lds
–Dles`dker heõd d her cuner e ce pàrh`he hm j`mkms, mcmgmktds, hm mxpmh`mktms d hdlugmktds
qum feyek ccmnehd e su pdhmr pdr rezük hm sus iukl`dkms‗.  

\ustmktel`ük cmnec lüh`nd hm prdlmh`g`mktd l`v`c

 Hm elumrhd ldk mc ertçlucd :=5 Mc hdlugmktd Rÿjc`ld? –Ms hdlugmktd dtdrnehd pdr

iukl`dker`d pÿjc`ld mk momrl`l`d hm su lernd d ldk su `ktmrvm kl`ük‗.

\ustmktel`ük Cmnec Cmy Nmkmrec hm Erlf`vds
 

 Mk mc Ertçlucd 58 mstejcmlm qum –Ce hdlugmktel`ük hm ce Ehg`k`strel`ük Rÿjc`le ms prdhultd y

prdp`mheh hmc Mstehd y àstm momrlmrå mc pcmkd ldktrdc hm sus rmlursds `kidrget`vds‗. Rdr cd
tektd, mc smrv`hdr pÿjc`ld ec hmsv`klucersm hm sus iukl`dkms t`tucerms kd pdhrå rmt`rer hm ce
mkt`heh pÿjc`le hdlugmktd d erlf`vd ecnukd, sd pmke hm `klurr`r mk iecte ldktre mc petr`gdk`d
hdlugmktec d mk uk fmlfd puk`jcm, hm ldkidrg`heh ldk cd mxprmsehd mk mc ertçlucd <=.

@K\XZ]LX@YD IDZGEXD ßK@LD HM @KYMKXEZ@D HDL]GMKXEC

 MKX@HEH ZMG@XMKXM? Hmjm ldcdlersm mc kdgjrm hm ce mkt`heh rmspdksejcm hm ce

hdlugmktel`ük qum sm ve e treksimr`r.

 MKX@HEH RZDH]LXDZE? Hmjm ldcdlersm mc kdgjrm ldgpcmtd d Zezük \dl`ec hm ce mkt`heh qum
prdhuod d prdhulm cds hdlugmktds.

 ]K@HEH EHG@K@\XZEX@YE? Hmjm ldks`nkersm mc kdgjrm hm ce hmpmkhmkl`e d uk`heh

ehg`k`stret`ve hm geydr omrerquçe hm ce luec hmpmkhm ce di`l`ke prdhultdre.

 DI@L@KE RZDH]LXDZE? Hmjm ldcdlersm mc kdgjrm hm ce uk`heh ehg`k`stret`ve qum prdhulm y

ldksmrve ce hdlugmktel`ük treg`tehe mk mc momrl`l`d hm sus iukl`dkms.

 DJOMXD? \m hmjm ldks`nker ce i`kec`heh hmc `kvmkter`d, qum pumhm smr? Xreksimrmkl`es
Rr`ger`es, Xreksimrmkl`es \mlukher`es, Yecdrel`ük hm Idkhds Elugucehds, Ius`ük y \uprms`ük hm
mkt`hehms y/d hmpmkhmkl`es, @kvmkter`ds `kh`v`huecms pdr v`klucel`ük, trescehds, hmsv`klucel`ük.

 FDOE Kd.? \m kugmrerå lehe fdoe hmc `kvmkter`d ldksmlut`vegmktm. \m rmn`stre mc tdtec hm
fdoes hmc `kvmkter`d.

 ZMN@\XZD HM MKXZEHE? \m h`c`nmkl`e sdcd pere treksimrmkl`es pr`ger`es y treksimrmkl`es

smlukher`es. Hmjm ldks`nkersm mk ces trms pr`gmres les`cces cds hçn`tds ldrrmspdkh`mktms e ce
imlfe hm ce mktrehe hm ce treksimrmkl`e (eõd, gms, hçe). Mk KX sm ekdterå mc kÿgmrd hm ce
treksimrmkl`e.

 Kd. HM DZHMK? Hmjm ekdtersm mk idrge

i drge ldksmlut`ve mc kÿgmrd ldrrmspdkh`mktm e lehe ukd
hm cds es`mktds hmslr`tds, qum nmkmrecgmktm ldrrmspdkhm e uke uk`heh hm ldksmrvel`ük.

 LÜH@ND? \`stmge ldkvmkl`dkec mstejcml`hd pdr ce mkt`heh qum `hmkt`i`le ces di`l`kes
prdhultdres y lehe uke hm ces smr`ms, sujsmr`ms d esuktds rmcel`dkehds.

 KDGJZM HM CE\ \MZ@M\, \]J\MZ@M\ D E\]KXD\? Hmjm ekdtersm mc kdgjrm

k dgjrm es`nkehd ec
ldkouktd hm uk`hehms hdlugmktecms hm mstrulture y ldktmk`hds fdgdnàkmds, mgekehds hm uk
g`sgd ürnekd d suomtd prdhultdr ldgd ldksmlumkl`e hmc momrl`l`d hm sus iukl`dkms mspmlçi`les.

 IMLFE\ MVXZMGE\? Hmjm ldks`nkersm ce imlfe `k`l`ec y i`kec hm lehe uk`heh hmslr`te (es`mktd).
Hmjmk ldcdlersm cds luetrd hçn`tds ldrrmspdkh`mktms ec eõd.

Momgpcd? 50=2-5092. Mk mc lesd hm uke sdce imlfe sm ekdterå àste. Luekhd ce hdlugmktel`ük kd
tmkne imlfe sm ekdterå s.i.

 ]K@HEH HM LDK\MZYEL@ÜK? \m ldks`nkerå mc kÿgmrd es`nkehd e lehe uk`heh hm

ecgelmkeg`mktd. Mk ce ldcugke –dtrd‗ sm rmn`streråk ces uk`hehms hm ldksmrvel`ük h`imrmktms
mslr`j`mkhd mc kdgjrm mk ce pertm hm err`je y hmjeod ce lekt`heh d mc kÿgmrd ldrrmspdkh`mktm.


 KßGMZD HM IDC@D\? \m ekdterå mc kÿgmrd tdtec hm idc`ds ldktmk`hd mk lehe uk`heh hm
ldksmrvel`ük hmslr`te.
 

 \DRDZXM? \m ut`c`zerå mste ldcugke pere ekdter cds sdpdrtms h`imrmktms ec pepmc? G`lrdi`cgms
(G), Yçhmds (Y), Lesmtms (L), \dpdrtms mcmltrük`lds (HL, HA, HYH, mtl.).

 IZML]MKL@E HM LDK\]CXE? \m hmjm ldks`nker s` ce hdlugmktel`ük rmn`stre uk çkh`lm hm

ldksucte ectd, gmh`d, jeod d k`knukd1 pere tec mimltd, sm tmkhråk mk luàktecds ldktrdcms y
rmn`strds hm pràstegd y ldksucte hm ce di`l`ke rmspdksejcm hm h`lfe hdlugmktel`ük. Mste
ldcugke sm h`c`nmkl`erå mspml`ecgmktm pere mc `kvmkter`d hm idkhds elugucehds.


 KDXE\? \m ldks`nkeråk cds hetds qum smek rmcmvektms y kd sm feyek rmn`strehd mk ces
ldcugkes ektmr`drms.

 MCEJDZEHD RDZ? \m mslr`j`rå mc kdgjrm y epmcc`hd, lernd, i`rge hm ce pmrsdke rmspdksejcm hm

mcejdrer mc `kvmkter`d, esç ldgd mc cuner y ce imlfe mk qum sm rmec`ze.

 MKXZMNEHD RDZ? \m rmn`stre mc kdgjrm y epmcc`hd, lernd, i`rge hm ce pmrsdke rmspdksejcm hm

rml`j`r mc `kvmkter`d, esç ldgd mc cuner y ce imlfe mk qum sm rml`j`ü.

Ldklcus`ük

Mc Erlf`vd Nmkmrec hm ce Kel`ük ms ce iumktm pr`kl`pec hmc @kvmkter`d Hdlugmktec pere qum mc
rmstd hm ces mkt`hehms pÿjc`les d pr`vehes sm mklernumk hm momluter tdhds cds pesds pere
mcejdrer uk @kvmkter`d Hdlugmktec. Xdhd hmjm rmn`rsm e ce Cmy =08 hm :222 pere qum tdhd mstà
h`c`nmkl`ehd ec p`m hm ce cmtre s`k dcv`her qum mc Zmlursd Fugekd tegj`àk ms `gpdrtektm.