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Control Input-Output Signals
Control Input-Output Signals
Control Input-Output Signals
1.Sensory input
•digital input
•analog input
2.Control output
•direct digital output
•modulated digital output
•analog output
3.Data transfer
•parallel
•serial
Notes:
I/O is one of the three main components of a computer system. The responsibility of I/O
is to interface with external devices. Depending on their applications, I/O operations can
be divided into three groups: sensory input, control output, and data transfer. Once the
nature of each type of I/O operation is understood, the hardware design and software for
these operations can be understood easily.
Like memory components, I/O components have addresses and each I/O address usually
consists of 8 or 16 bits of data. Since many sensory input and control output signals
consist of just one bit of information, a single I/O address may be able to handle
multiple input and output signals. For instance, some bits of an 8-bit port can be used to
receive input signals while other bits are used to send output signals. Depending on how
they are used, one bit of an I/O address may be referred to as an I/O port or the set of all
bits at a single I/O address may be referred to as an I/O port. When someone says how
many ports are needed, you need to find out what his or her definition of port is.
1. What is a Digital I/O Board?
A digital I/O board is an interface board that adds the ability to input and output digital signals in parallel to a computer. Using a digital
I/O device makes it possible to monitor (read) the statuses of measuring devices as well as the relays and operation switches of
various types of control circuits. In addition to controlling output for lamps, LEDs, 7-segment displays, and relays, such products can
also be used as an interface for digital communication with controllers such as a PLC (sequencer).
What is analog I/O?
The signals from sensors that measure surrounding natural factors such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate are often analog
signals, and most control actuators move according to analog signals. On the other hand, only digital signals can be handled by
computers. For this reason, in order to input a signal from a sensor using a computer, or to output a signal to an actuator, it's
necessary to have a device that can bridge the analog signal and the digital signal handled by the computer. That bridge is called an
analog I/O interface.
Analog Signal
Digital signals are used in all digital electronics, including computing equipment
and data transmission devices. When plotted on a voltage vs. time graph, digital
signals are one of two values, and are usually between 0V and VCC (usually
1.8V, 3.3V, or 5V) (see Figure 2).
Examples of Digital, Analog and Temperature
I/O Devices
Digital (Discrete) input (applicable for IOLAN (S)DS1 D4 or D2R2)
There are two types of Digital input contact types:
Dry contact type: No voltage or current is supplied by the I/O device. The device senses when a pair of contacts are
open or closed
• Open = "0"
• 0v - 3v = "0"
• Relay contacts
• Alarms
• Control relays
• Alarms
• Control relays
• Temperature sensors
• CO2 sensors
• Pressure sensors
• Humidity sensors
• Flow sensors
• Potentiometers.
• Type E – 0 to 1000C
• Type J – 0 to 760C
• Type K – 0 to 1370C
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Parallel Transmission:
In Parallel Transmission, many bits are flow together simultaneously from one computer to another computer.
Parallel Transmission is faster than serial transmission to transmit the bits. Parallel transmission is used for
short distance.
Serial transmission requires a single line to communicate and transfer data whereas, parallel transmission requires
multiple lines. ... Serial transmission is used for long-distance communication. As against, parallel transmission is
used for the shorter distance.