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psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. As such, it is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan, or integration of it with other plans, that is, it combines forecasting of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them. An important, albeit often ignored aspect of planning, is the relationship it holds with forecasting. Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like.[1] The term is also used for describing the formal procedures used in such an endeavor, such as the creation of documents, diagrams, or meetings to discuss the important issues to be addressed, the objectives to be met, and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used. Two attitudes to planning need to be held in tension: on the one hand we need to be prepared for what may lie ahead, which may mean contingencies and flexible processes. On the other hand, our future is shaped by consequences of our own planning and actions. The counterpart to planning is spontaneous order.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 What should a plan be? 1.2 Purpose of a plan 1.3 Importance of the planning process
3.1 The objectives 3.2 The policies 4.1 Essentials of planning 5.1 In organizations 5.2 In public policy
4 Planning basics
5 Applications
[edit] Overview
Planning is a process for accomplishing purposes. It is a blue print of business growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in the resources.
Architectural planning Business plan Comprehensive planning Economic planning Enterprise Architecture Planning Event Planning and Production Family planning Financial planning Land use planning Life planning Marketing plan Network resource planning Strategic planning
[edit] Applications
[edit] In organizations
Planning is also a management process, concerned with defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources to be used in order to attain those goals. To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. The purpose may be achievement of certain goals or targets. The planning helps to achieve these goals or target by using the available time and resources. To minimize the timing and resources also require proper planning. The concept of planning is to identify what the organization wants to do by using the four questions which are "where are we today in terms of our business or strategy planning? Where are we going? Where do we want to go? How are we going to get there?..."[3]
Planning refers to the practice and the profession associated with the idea of planning an idea yourself (land use planning, urban planning or spatial planning). In many countries, the operation of a town and country planning system is often referred to as "planning" and the professionals which operate the system are known as "planners". It is a conscious as well as sub-conscious activity. It is "an anticipatory decision making process" that helps in coping with complexities. It is deciding future course of action from amongst alternatives. It is a process that involves making and evaluating each set of interrelated decisions. It is selection of missions, objectives and "translation of knowledge into action." A planned performance brings better results compared to an unplanned one. A manager's job is planning, monitoring and controlling. Planning and goal setting are important traits of an organization. It is done at all levels of the organization. Planning includes the plan, the thought process, action, and implementation.Planning gives more power over the future. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it. This bridges the gap from where the organization is to where it wants to be. The planning function involves establishing goals and arranging them in logical order.
Automated planning and scheduling Balanced scorecard Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) (Supply chain management) Futures Studies District Planning in Kerala Peoples Planning in Kerala Planning fallacy Project management Strategic planning Time management Wicked problems
[edit] References
1. ^ How does forecasting relate to planning? ForecastingPrinciples.com 2. ^ Barron's Management book fourth edition, Authors: Patrick J. Montana and Bruce H.
Charnov
3. ^ Dalziel, Murray, and Stephen C. Schoonover. "Changing Ways: A Practical Tool for
Implementing Change Within Organizations." New York: Amacom/American Management Association, 1988. Print. [hide]v d eSystems engineering
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