SHS STEM - BIOLOGY 1

Quarter 2 – Module 1
Coupled Reaction Processes and
the Role of ATP in Energy
Coupling and Transfer

http://images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/SC/ColletonCounty/ColletonCou
ntyHigh/Uploads/DocumentsCategories/Documents/ATP_-_ADP_Cycle.pdf

i
General Biology 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 2 – Module 7: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
FERMENTATION AND AEROBIC RESPIRATION

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITER: Rafaella B. Salceda

REVIEWERS/EDITORS: Rowena D. Manaog

Freddierick C. Apuli
Ma. Lota C. Monte
Jade Alberto

LAYOUT ARTISTS: Jay Mark Base

Jonathan Roda
Jessica De Ocampo
ME L C Most Essential Learning Competencies

Explain coupled
reaction processes
and describe the role
of ATP in energy
coupling and
transfer.
 Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School Learners

ATP - ADP CYCLE

The cell is likened to a factory producing several

products that is necessary for life. In the production of these
materials, energy is needed. But what provides this energy?
What processes are involved in the provision of this energy?

Brace yourselves, we are now about to

explore and learn ATP, the energy currency of
the cell and how this energy is unleashed! So
keep on reading and learning!

1. Identify the components of ATP and ADP

2. Explain coupled reaction processes.
3. Describe the role of ATP in energy coupling and
transfer.
I. Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Christian hydrolyzes ATP in a laboratory test tube. He finds
that about 3 times as much heat is released than when the same
amount of ATP is hydrolyzed in a cell. What best explains this
observation?
A. Cells are less efficient at producing heat.
B. Enzymes in cells use heat energy to catalyze reactions.
C. ATP hydrolysis in a cell makes different products than
in a test tube.
D. Cells often convert some of the energy from ATP
hydrolysis into another usable form.
2. What occurs when a phosphate – phosphate bond in an ATP molecule
is broken?
A. Lysosomes release their contents into the cytoplasm.
B. Water is transported through the cell membrane.
C. Light energy is absorbed by chloroplasts.
D. Energy is released in a cell.
3. How is ATP hydrolysis used to power other cellular reactions?
A. It adds a phosphate to ADP.
B. It acts as an enzymatic catalyst.s
C. It is coupled with endergonic reactions.
D. It produces water which is used to fuel other reactions.
4. Which of the following molecule is used as “energy currency” for the cell?
A. ATP C. Water
B. ADP D. Phosphate group
5. Which of the following happens in the process of converting ATP to
ADP?
A. Hydrolysis breaks the bond of the 3rd phosphate from the ATP
producing ADP and releasing energy.
B. Dehaydration breaks the bond of the 3rd phosphate from the ATP
producing ADP and releasing energy.
C. Hydrolysis breaks the bond of the 3rd phosphate from the ATP
producing ADP and adding energy.
D. Dehaydration breaks the bond of the 3rd phosphate from the ATP
producing ADP and adding energy.

How did you find the test?

Kindly check your answers at the answer key section and see how you
did. Don’t worry if you got a low score, it means that there are more
concepts that you can learn from this module. So cheer up and enjoy
learning!
Hi! Have you come across ATP in your previous science
classes? What do you mean by ATP? Let’s find out if you
could still recall some of the concepts you learned about
ATP in your science classes in the Junior High School.
Are you now ready? What you’re going to do is to simply
answer the crossword puzzle given below. Let’s start!
 Do you have your cellphones with you? If yes,
kindly look at the battery indicator in your cellphone? Is
it the same as the one shown below or is it fully charged
or discharged? What do you usually feel when your
cellphone is discharged and yet you have a very
important message to send/read or call to make/take?.
I want you to look closely at the diagram below
and answer the questions that follows.

A B

https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/cell-mobile-phone-battery-charging-icon-vector-23397177

1. What is picture A and B?

2. Which of these pictures do you think represents ATP? How about ADP? Why
do you think so?

Were you able to answer it correctly? If yes

congratulations, your doing well in your science class. If
not, don’t worry because you would know more about these
as you move along with this module. So keep on learning!
 In the engage part of this module, you learned that ATP is
likened to a charged battery while ADP is associated with
uncharged or empty battery. What do you think is the reason
behind this? Let’s find out!

ATP-ADP CYCLE!

Your cells require energy to carry out many different functions (active transport
across the membrane, protein synthesis, and cell division). The fuel for these
functions comes from a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP stores
energy until a cell needs it. When a cell requires energy, it breaks part of the ATP
molecule apart which releases energy.
Part 1: The Structure of ATP
ATP consists of 3 parts: 1 adenine (nitrogenous base) molecule, 1 ribose sugar
molecule, and 3 phosphate molecules. Energy is stored in the bond that is found
between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups.
 COLOR & LABEL the following in the ATP molecules below: adenine – red,
ribose – orange, 3 phosphate groups – yellow.
 Circle the area that represents the HIGH ENERGY bond.

3 2 1

1 2 3

Part 2: ATP Decomposition

When a cell requires energy, it breaks off the last (3rd) phosphate group from the ATP
molecule, which releases energy. The molecule that is left over is called adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) which consists of adenine, ribose sugar, and TWO phosphate
groups. ADP contains less energy than ATP.
 COLOR & LABEL the following in the energy molecule below: adenine – red,
ribose – orange, first two phosphate groups – yellow, lone phosphate group –
purple. COLOR the energy released – green.
 Circle the part of the image that makes up one molecule of ADP.
Part 3: ATP Synthesis
ATP molecules are constantly being rebuilt from ADP and lone phosphate groups.
This ensures that cells always have a source of energy. However, it takes energy to
make ATP. The energy to make ATP comes from a carbohydrate called GLUCOSE.
Glucose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar. Its chemical formula is C6H12O6.
Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis.
 COLOR & LABEL the following in the energy molecule below: adenine – red,
ribose – orange, first two phosphate groups – yellow, lone phosphate group –
purple. COLOR the energy absorbed – blue.
 Is the ENTIRE energy molecule called ATP or ADP? Be sure to LABEL the
name below!
ENERGY Absorbed

Part 4: The ATP-ADP Cycle

ATP decomposition (part 2) and ATP synthesis (part 3) are the processes in the
ATP-ADP Cycle. Using what you learned in the above activities, complete the
diagram below and summarize in not more than 5 simple steps the events in the
ATP-ADP Cycle.

https://www.bealsscience.com/post/2015/02/26/photosynthesis-atp-and-adp-cycle
 How did you find the activity? Can you now discuss
the ATP-ADP Cycle? Lets dig deeper!

Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP

is a small, relatively simple molecule that ATP
is used as the main “energy currency” of
the cell. ATP is made up of 1 adenine
molecule, 1 ribose sugar and 3
phosphate groups. Phosphate groups
are negatively charged molecules.
Molecules of the same charge repel each
other thus, the three phosphate groups
http://images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/SC/ColletonCounty/ColletonCounty
on ATP are in a very unstable High/Uploads/DocumentsCategories/Documents/ATP_-_ADP_Cycle.pdf
arrangement. This unstable arrangement
of the phosphate group is like a compressed spring
that store potential energy. The third phosphate
group is so eager to get away from the other two
that, when the bond is broken, energy is released. https://jessicamillerblog.wordpre
What is left over is a free phosphate group and a ss.com/2013/10/28/atp-parts/

lower energy molecule Adenosine

Diphosphate or ADP. The energy
released by the breakdown of ATP is
used to power many cellular reactions,
thus it is likened to a fully charged
battery.
Adenosine Diphosphate or ADP
is composed of 1 adenine molecule, 1
ribose sugar and 2 phosphate groups. It
is of lower energy compared to ATP https://www.platinumtrainingins
titute.com/metabolism-part-1/
thus, it is associated with an uncharged/low/empty battery.
This ATP-ADP Cycle is an example of a coupling reaction, in which an
energetically favorable (exergonic) reaction like ATP hydrolysis is directly linked with
an energetically unfavorable (endergonic) reaction. The linking often happens through
a shared intermediate, meaning that a product of one reaction is “picked up” and used
as a reactant in the second reaction. Exergonic reaction is also called as spontaneous
reaction because it can occur even without the addition of energy or no energy output.
In this reaction, the reactants or initial state has more free energy than the products or
final state. Endergonic reaction happens only if there is an addition of energy. It is also
called as non-spontaneous reaction because there is a need for an energy input for
the reaction to happen. The products or final state in this reaction has more free energy
than the reactants or initial state.

https://www.leonschools.net/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=71612&dataid=109248&FileName=U4.CellEnergy.pdf
ATP-ADP CYCLE
 For you to have a deeper understanding of how coupling reaction happen in the
ATP-ADP Cycle. Do the following and answer the given questions.
A. Cut 2 of the images given below and arrange them below showing the
endergonic reaction in the ATP-ADP Cycle.

1. What is an endergonic reaction?

B. Cut another 2 of the images given below and arrange them below showing the
exergonic reaction in the ATP-ADP Cycle.

2. What is exergonic reaction?

C. Cut another 2 of the images given below and rearrange them below showing
the ATP-ADP Cycle.
3. What is a coupled reaction?

4. Why is the ATP-ADP Cycle considered a coupled reaction?

5. What is the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer?

Noted:
Cut these images and arrange and paste on the space provided above.
 We learned from this module that ATP is the
energy currency of the cell and that we would not be
able to perform our work or do our activities without it.
Go over again the discussion under Explain and
answer the given questions below.

1. Why
. is figure 1 of the ATP-ADP cycle likened to a fully charged battery?
Figure 1

2. Why is figure 2 of the ATP-ADP cycle likened to a partially charged battery?

Figure 2

Congratulations! I know you enjoyed this

learning journey. I hope you do the same
in the next! So keep on learning!
 I. Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the
letter of the correct answer.
1. Using the figure below, which parts of the molecule must
the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
A. A and B
B. B and C
C. C and D
D. all of the above
2. Why is ATP-ADP cycle considered a coupled
reaction?
A. It is a cycle.
B. Energy is removed in the process.
C. Energy is released in the reaction.
D. It is both an exergonic and endergonic reaction.
3. Which of the following results in the storage of energy in the ATP-ADP cycle?
A. The breakdown of water.
B. The addition of phosphate group.
C. The removal of phosphate group.
D. The breaking of the bond between the 5-carbon sugar and the 1st phosphate
group.
4. Which of the following can be compared to a battery in need of recharging?
A. ADP C. Ribose
B. ATP D. Adenosine
5. Which structures shown in the figure make up the ATP molecule?
A. A and B
B. C and D
C. A, B and C
D. A, B, C and D
 Vocabulary
List
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Energy Ability to do work

ATP Adenosine Triphosphate; energy currency of the cell
ADP Adenosine Diphosphate; formed by the removal of phosphate
from ATP
Phosphate group Negatively charged molecules attached to the ribose of both
ATP and ADP
Coupled reaction A chemical reaction having a common intermediate in which
energy is transferred from one side of the reaction to another.
Endergonic Non-spontaneous reaction; this reaction requires the addition
of energy
Exergonic Energy releasing or energetically favorable reaction; also
called spontaneous reaction because it can occur without the
addition of energy
Hydrolysis Is a chemical reaction in which a water molecule splits another
molecule.
Phosphoanhydride High energy phosphate bonds; bonds between phosphate
bonds molecules
Ribose 5 carbon sugar found in ATP and ADP
Adenosine Made up of an adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule

PRE-TEST (I) 1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A
ELICIT
1. ATP 3. ENERGY 5. HYDROLYSIS 7. PHOSPHATE
2. PHOSPHORYLATION 4. THREE 6. RIBOSE
ENGAGE
1. A – fully charged battery
B – partially charged battery
3.
ATP is represented by the fully charged battery because both contain stored
energy.
ADP is represented by the partially charged battery because both contain less
amount of stored energy.
 EXPLORE
Part 1
High energy bond

1 2 3

Part 2
ADP

Part 3
ENERGY Absorbed

ATP
Part 4 ADP
ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE

PHOSPHATE

ENERGY

ENERGY

ATP
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
 ELABORATE
A. ADP + P + ENERGY  ATP

1. ENDERGONIC REACTION - Non-spontaneous reaction; this reaction requires

the addition of energy
B. ATP  ADP + P + ENERGY

2. EXERGONIC REACTION - Energy releasing or energetically favorable

reaction; also called spontaneous reaction because it can occur without the
addition of energy
C. ATP-ADP CYCLE

3. COUPLED REACTION - A chemical reaction having a common intermediate

in which energy is transferred from one side of the reaction to another.
4. ATP-ADP Cycle is an example of a coupled reaction because it is both an
exergonic and endergonic reaction.
5. ATP is the primary energy source of living cells. It uses ATP to perform
works/activities by coupling ATP hydrolysis exergonic reactions. ATP donates
phosphate group to another molecule via phosphorylation, thus energy is
transferred.
 EXTEND
1. ATP can be likened to a fully charged battery because both contain stored
energy and is ready to release or transfer energy when needed.
2. ADP resembles a partially charged battery because both contain less amount
of energy and needs to be recharged. For ADP it has to be added with
phosphate from ATP for it to become fully charged.

POST-TEST (I) 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D

Ramos, Donnie A. et.al.(2006), Exploring Life Through Science Biology. Quezon

Avenue, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.

https://www.wlwv.k12.or.us/cms/lib/OR01001812/Centricity/Domain/1341/NOTES
%20-%208.1.pdf

https://sites.google.com/view/tvinedsnkn/atp-adp-cycle-worksheet

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/atp-reaction-
coupling/a/atp-and-reaction-coupling

https://www.bealsscience.com/post/2015/02/26/photosynthesis-atp-and-adp-cycle

https://groups.molbiosci.northwestern.edu/holmgren/Glossary/Definitions/Def-
C/coupled_reaction.html

https://opentextbc.ca/biology2eopenstax/chapter/atp-adenosine-
triphosphate/#:~:text=ATP%20is%20the%20primary%20energy-
supplying%20molecule%20for%20livi

https://www.leonschools.net/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=71
612&dataid=109248&FileName=U4.CellEnergy.pdf

http://images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/SC/ColletonCounty/ColletonCountyHigh/
Uploads/DocumentsCategories/Documents/ATP_-_ADP_Cycle.pdf

https://jessicamillerblog.wordpress.com/2013/10/28/atp-parts/

https://www.platinumtraininginstitute.com/metabolism-part-1/