Std.

VIII - Language of Chemistry

Project for First Term Examination 2022
1. Symbols of Elements

Symbols
Elements
(First letter of the name of Element)
Carbon C
Iodine I
Oxygen O
Sulphur S
Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N
Phosphorus P
Boron B
Fluorine F

Symbols
Elements (First letter and another letter of the
English name of Element)

Aluminium Al
Beryllium Be
Bromine Br
Silicon Si
Chlorine Cl
Cobalt Co
Chromium Cr
Helium He
Magnesium Mg
Neon Ne
Calcium Ca
Lithium Li
Zinc Zn
Argon Ar
Manganese Mn

Latin Names and the Symbols of Elements:

Element Latin Name Symbol

Silver Argentum Ag

Gold Aurum Au

Lead Plumbum Pb

Iron Ferrum Fe

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K
Copper Cuprum Cu

Mercury Hydragyrum Hg

Tin Stannum Sn

2. Valency Chart:
Positive ions/radicals
Valency Element / radical Ion

Ammonium NH4+

Hydrogen H+
Monovalent
Valency 1+ Lithium Li+

Sodium Na+

Potassium K+

Barium Ba2+

Calcium Ca2+
divalent
Magnesium Mg2+
Valency 2+
Nickel Ni2+

Zinc Zn2+
trivalent Aluminium Al3+
Valency 3+
Chromium Cr3+

Elements with variable valencies:

Element Lower valency Higher Valency

copper Cuprous Cu1+ Cupric Cu2+

Silver Argentous Ag1+ Argentic Ag2+
Mercury Mercurous Hg1+ Mercuric Hg2+
Gold Aurous Au1+ Auric Au3+
iron Ferrous Fe2+ Ferric Fe3+
lead Plumbous Pb2+ Plumbic Pb4+
Tin Stannous Sn2+ Stannic Sn4+
Platinum Platinous Pt2+ Platinic Pt4+
Manganese Manganous Mn2+ Manganic Mn4+
Negative ions/radicals

Valency Element / radical Ion

Chloride Cl1-

Chlorate ClO31-
 Bromide Br1-

Iodide l1-

Hydroxide OH1-
Monovalent
Valency -1
Nitrite NO21-

Nitrate NO31-

Hydrogen[bi] carbonate HCO31-

Hydrogen[bi]sulphite HSO31-

Hydrogen[bi]sulphate HSO41-

permanganate MnO41-

Sulphite SO32-

Sulphate SO42-

Sulphide S2-

Carbonate HCO32-

divalent Oxide O2-

Valency 2-
 Phosphate PO43-
trivalent
Valency 3- Nitride N3-

tetravalent carbide C4-

Valency 4-

3. Chemical formulae of certain compounds:

Substance Chemical
Formula
Hydrogen H2
Nitrogen N2
Oxygen O2
Chlorine Cl2
Hydrogen chloride HCl
Ammonia NH3
Gases Carbon monoxide CO
Carbon dioxide CO2
Nitrogen monoxide( nitric oxide) NO
Dinitrogen oxide(Nitrous oxide) N 2O
Nitrogen dioxide NO2
Sulphur dioxide SO2
Acids Hydrochloric acid HCl
Nitric acid HNO3
Sulphuric acid H2SO4
Carbonic acid H2CO3
Phosphoric acid H3PO4
Bases Potassium hydroxide KOH
Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Salt Sodium chloride NaCl
Copper sulphate CuSO4
Potassium nitrate KNO3

4. Write the chemical formulae of the following:

1. sodium oxide
2. aluminium oxide
3. manganese(IV)oxide
4.sodium sulphate
5.ferrous sulphate
6.sodium bisulphate
7.sodium nitrate
8.zinc nitrate
9. lead nitrate
10.calcium chloride
11.ammonium chloride
12.zinc chloride
13. lead(II) chloride
14.zinc sulphide
15.iron(II)sulphide
16.sodium carbonate
17.zinc carbonate
18.sodium bicarbonate
19. calcium bicarbonate
20. potassium permanganate

5. Balance the following equations:

1. N2+O2 → NO
2. NO + O2 → NO2
3. CaO + HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
4. P2O5 + HCl → POCl3 + HPO3
5. NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
6. HCl → H2 + Cl2
7. Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
8. Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2
9. Fe + HCl → FeCl2 +H2
10. CuO + HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
11. NH4OH + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O
12. Na2CO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
13. NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
14. Ca(HCO3)2 +HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
15. Na2SO3 +HCl → NaCl +H2O +SO2
16. KHSO3 + HCl → KCl +H2O + SO2
17. FeS + HCl → FeCl2 + H2S
18. AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3
19. Pb(NO3)2 + HCl → PbCl2 +HNO3
20. NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + HCl
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