Rift Valley University, Yeka campus

Name: Bezawit Alemu

ID No_ : 353/19
Submitted to: Kumneger
Question 1: Prevention of cancer

Cancer: is a group of diseases involving abnormal cells growth with the potential to invade or
spread to other parts of the body. Cancer is caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread
into surrounding tissues as well as caused by changing DNA molecule.
Types of cancer:
Cancer abnormal and unregulated growth of cell and forms from the extra mass tissues known
as tumors.
Four main types of cancer are:
Carcinomas: a carcinomas begins in the skin or the tissue that covers the surface of internal
organs and glands.
Sarcoma: a sarcoma begins in the tissues that support and connect the body.
Leukemia: leukemia is a cancer of blood.
Genetics: a number of specific cancers have been linked to human genes and are as follows
breast, ovarian, colorectal, prostate skin.
Exposed to cancer causing substances for example sunlight, secondary cigarettes smoke, and x-
rays during their lifetime, but many individuals do not develop cancer.
There are many complication that may occur with cancer: many are specific to the cancer type
and stage and are too numerous to list here. However, some general complications that may
occur with both cancer and its treatment protocols are listed below:
 Fatigue (both due to cancer and its treatments)
 Anemia(both)
 Loss of appetite(both)
 Insomnia (both)
 hair loss (treatments mainly)
 Nausea(both)

Prevention of cancer
Cancer prevention, avoiding its potential causes, is the simplest method.
Stop (better, never start) smoking tobacco, avoiding excess sunlight (by decreasing exposure or
applying sunscreen). The excellent way to avoid cancer is : stop, or never start, smoking.
Exercise: Physical activity even moderate exercise can reduce the risk not only of developing
cancer but of having a reduce a recurrence.
Know your family history: if there is a strong history of cancer in your family, talk with your
physician about genetic counseling.
Get regular check ups: make regular appointments with your primary care physician to keep
track of any changes in your body.

Wear sun screen : throughout the years, sunscreen is an important first line of protection against
sun exposure, which can cause skin cancer.

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that prevents your body from properly using the energy from the
food you eat. Diabetes occurs in one of the following situation: the pancreas (an organs behind
your stomach) Produce little insulin or no insulin at all. Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone
produces by the beta cells of the pancreas, which helps the body use sugar for energy.
Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder cause by absolute oe relative deficiency or
insulin

Diabetes mellitus is more commonly known simply as diabetes. Iťs when your pancreas does not
produces enough insulin to control the amount of glucose, or sugar, i n your blood.
Diabetes is lifelong (chronic) disease and is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by high
levels of sugar in blood (hyperglycemia).
It is cause due to deficiency of insulin or resistance to insulin or both. insulin is resistance beta
cells of pancreas to control blood sugar levels.
Blurry visions, excess thirst, frequent urination, hunger, weight loss are some of the symptoms
commonly seen in diabetic patients.

Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar.

General symptoms include;
 Increased hunger
 Increased thirst

Diabetes prevention and management

Healthy diet eating, a healthy diet increasing the level of physical activity should be the first
steps in management of newly diagnosed people with diabetes, and have to be maintained good
dietary practices in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Cut sugar and refined carbs from your diet and work out regularly.Drink water as your
pulmonary beverage as well as watch portion sizes.

High blood pressure (hypertension)

Hypertension is common condition on which the long-term force of the blood against your artery
walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.
Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of
resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and narrower your
arteries, higher your blood pressure. Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above
140/90, and is considered several if the pressure is above 180/120. Top number (systolic
pressure) the first, or upper, number measures the pressure in your heart beats; the bottom
number (diastolic pressure) the second, or lower, number measures the pressure in your arteries
between beats.

Prevention of hypertension
The best approach to the primary prevention of hypertension is a combination of life style
changes: weight loss in over weight persons, increased physical activity, and moderation of
alcohol intake and consumption of a diet that is higher in fruits, vegetable.
 Eat a healthy Diet, choose healthy meal and snack options to help you avoid high blood
pressure and its complication.
 keep yourself at healthy weight ,having overweight or obesity increases your risk for high
blood pressure.
 Be physically active.
 Do not smoke
 Limit how much alcohol you Drink.
 Get enough sleep.