PANELED BEAMS

INTRODUCTION
- When a floor area is large, resulting in an impractical slab thickness, a
grid of beams is used to strengthen the floor slab (beam spacing=2~4m).
Paneled beams

Main beams

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 1

 FORMS OF PANELED BEAMS:

Rectangular grid Skew grid

(1.0 ≤ r ≤ 1.5) (r > 1.5)

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

FORMS OF PANELED BEAMS:

Triangular grid Quadruple grid

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 2

 METHODS OF ANALYSIS:

1) Finite element method:

The slabs and beams are included in a finite element numerical model
to obtain the internal forces (moment & shear in slabs and beams).

2) Grid beam method:

The slabs effect is neglected and only beams are included in a
finite element numerical model to obtain the internal forces
(moment & shear in beams).

3) Equivalent slab method:

Loads are distributed in two directions (similar to two-way hollow
block slabs).
This method is suitable for simply supported rectangular grids.

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 3

 LOAD DISTRIBUTION:

Paneled beams
1) Slab and paneled beams
loads are transformed into
uniformly distributed load (w).
w1 Main
beams
w2
a
2) The uniform load is then
distributed in two directions w
w1 and w2) using Grashoff
distribution coefficients.

r4 b
w1   w  w
1 r 4
1
w2   w  w
1 r 4

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

LOAD DISTRIBUTION:
Paneled beams

3) The load in each

Main
direction is then beams
multiplied by the δmax w1
a
deflection factor w2
(δ/δmax) to get δy
individual beam y
loads.
b

x x  x  x
3 4
 x
 3.2   2     
 max  b  b   b  
δx
δmax
y  y  y 3  y  4 
 3.2   2     
 max  a  a   a  

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 4

 LOAD DISTRIBUTION:
The coefficient (δ/δmax) is calculated and tabulated for commonly used
number of paneled beams as follows:

B1 B3 B1 B3

B2 B2 B4 B5 B5 B4

Beam B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

δ/δmax 1.00 0.87 0.713 0.594 0.952

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

LOAD ON MAIN BEAMS:

No intermediate Paneled beams do Paneled beams

columns. not rest directly on rest directly on
intermediate intermediate
columns. columns.

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 5

 EXAMPLE: I) Beam arrangement:
Design a reinforced concrete slab and For beam spacing = 2 ~ 4m:
paneled beam system for the floor and The 9.0m span is divided into 3 panels and
roof of the given meeting hall. the 10.0m span is divided into 4 panels.
LL=4.0kN/m2 (note: near equal spacing is preferred.)
flooring=2.0kN/m2
fcu=30N/mm2
st. 350 for longitudinal rft.
st. 240 for stirrups

3.0
9.0m
3.0
3.0
9.0m

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

10.0m
10.0m
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

II) Design of slabs: III) Design of paneled beams:

Loading:
S1 S2
3.0

h =short span / (12~16)

= 9000 / (12~16)=560~750
S3 S4
3.0

Assume h=600 mm,

b=250 mm
3.0

Equivalent load for paneled

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 beams’ own weight:

0.25  0.5  25 (3  2.5  0.25)

Note: All slabs are to be designed as wo 
3  2.5
solid slabs supported on beams.
 2.19 kN / m 2

The selected slab thickness according

to design calculations is:
t = 100 mm
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

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 For LL ≤ 0.75 DL:
3.0 wu=1.5(DL+LL)
wu1 =1.5(2.19+2.5+2+4)

wu=16.04 kN/m2
3.0

wu2 Load distribution according to

Grashoff coefficients:
3.0

mb b 1.0  10
r   1.11
ma a 1 . 0  9
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
r4 (1.11) 4
   0.6
Load from slab: 1  r 4 1  (1.11) 4
1 1
own wt. =γc t = 25×0.10=2.5 kN/m2    0.4
1  r 4 1  (1.11) 4
flooring =2 kN/m2
wu1= α wu=0.6(16.04)=9.62 kN/m2
LL =4 kN/m2 wu2= β wu=0.4(16.04)=6.42 kN/m2

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

24.05 kN/m

9.0m
3.0

wu1
H1 24.05(9) 2 81.17 kN.m
24
 81.17 kN.m
3.0

H1 wu2
24.05(9) 2
B.M.D.
3.0

V2 V1 V2 8
 243.5 kN.m

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Beam (V1): 24.05(9)
Structural analysis: 2
 108.2 kN
x/b=0.5 → δ/δmax=1.0
wuV1=wu1×2.5×(δ/δmax)
S.F.D. 108.2 kN
=9.62×2.5×1.0=24.05 kN/m

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 7

 Design for bending moment: a= α d =0.1(540)=54 mm < t =100 O.K.

For M+veu=243.5 kN.m (T-section) 243.5  10 6

As   1560 mm 2
350 0 .1
B is the smaller of: ( 540 )( 1 - )
i) B=b+16t=250+16×100=1850mm 1.15 2
ii) B=b+L2/5=250+9000/5=2050mm
Check Asmin:
iii) B=C.L. to C.L.=2500mm
B=1850mm f cu 30
0.225 bd  0.225 ( 250 )( 540 )
fy 350
d=h-d’=600-60=540 mm
 475 mm 2
assume a ≤ t: 1 .1 1 .1
( ≥ bd  ( 250 )( 540 )  424 mm 2 )
fy 350
243.5 10 6
R  0.0226
30 1.3 As req  1.3( 1560 )  2028 mm 2
(1850)(540) 2
1.5 0.15%bh  0.0015( 250 )( 600 )  225 mm 2
<Rmax=0.198 O.K.
Asmin=475mm2 (< As=1560 mm2)
  1 - 1 - 3(0.0226)  0.0344 <0.1
choose 8φ16 (As=1608 mm2)
take α=0.1
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Check of shear:
A’s=0.1(1560)=156 mm2
choose 2φ12 (As=226 mm2) Qu
qu =
bd 0.27+0.15
0.80
For M-ve =0.42
u=81.17 kN.m (rectangular sec.)
d=h-d’=600-40=560 mm
81.17 106 S.S.D.
R  0.0518 0.73
30 0.80
(250)(560) 2
1.5
<Rmax=0.198 O.K. qcu( uncr )  0.16 f cu  0.16 30  0.71 N / mm 2
c 1 .5
  1 - 1 - 3(0.0518)  0.081 < 0.1
f 30
take α=0.1 qcu ( cr )  0.12 cu  0.12  0.54 N / mm 2
c 1 .5
81.17  10 6
As   501 mm 2 f 30
350 0 .1 qu max  0.7 cu  0.7  3.13 N / mm 2
( 560 )( 1 - ) c 1 .5
1.15 2
choose 2φ18 (As=508 mm2)  4.4 kN / mm 2

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 8

 qcu (uncr) < qu ≤ qu max Check of minimum web
reinforcement:
Special shear reinforcement is required
to resist: 0.4 0.4
qsu = qu – qcu (cr) min = = = 0.167%
f y 240
= 0.73 – 0.54= 0.19 N/mm2
(≥ 0.15% for ordinary mild steel)
Try 2 br. st. φ8 without bent bars
Ast
Ast ( f y /  s )  min 
qsus  bs
bs
0.167 2  50
2  50 ( 240 / 1.15 ) 
0.19  100 250 s
250 s
s = 240 mm
s = 439 mm
(s = 100 → 200 mm)
(s = 100 → 200 mm) Consider minimum stirrups:
2 br. st. φ8 @ 200 mm
Use 2 br. st. φ8 @ 200 mm
Therefore, use 2 br. st. φ8 @ 200 mm
for the full length of the beam
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Beam (V2):
Design for bending moment:
Structural analysis:
For M+veu=173.6 kN.m (T-section)
x/b=0.25 → δ/δmax = 0.713
B=1850mm
wuV2 = wu1×2.5×(δ/δmax)
d=540 mm
= 9.62×2.5×0.713 = 17.15 kN/m
Compared with V1, it
17.15 kN/m can be concluded that:
a < t,
9.0m R<Rmax
α<0.1 → take α=0.1
57.9 57.9
173.6  10 6
B.M.D. As   1112 mm 2
173.6 350 0 .1
( 540 )( 1 - )
1.15 2
77.2 (>Asmin=475mm2)

choose 5φ18 (As=1270 mm2)

S.F.D.
77.2
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 9

 For M-veu=57.9 kN.m (rectangular sec.) Beam (H1):
d=560 mm Structural analysis:
Compared with V1, it y/a=0.333 → δ/δmax=0.87
can be concluded that: wuH1 = wu2×3.0×(δ/δmax)
R<Rmax = 6.42×3.0×0.87 = 16.76 kN/m
α<0.1 → take α=0.1
16.76 kN/m
57.9  106
As   358 mm 2
350 0 .1 10.0m
( 560 )( 1 - )
1.15 2
69.8 69.8
choose 2φ16 (As=402 mm2)
B.M.D.
209.5
Check of shear:
83.8
Minimum web reinforcement is
to be provided.
S.F.D.
Use 2 br. st. φ8 @ 200 mm 83.8
R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

Design for bending moment: 209.5 106

R  0.0209
30
For M+veu=209.5 kN.m (T-section) (1850)(520) 2
1.5
B is the smaller of:
<Rmax=0.198 O.K.
i) B=b+16t=250+16×100=1850mm
ii) B=b+L2/5=250+10000/5=2250mm
iii) B=C.L. to C.L.=3000mm   1 - 1 - 3(0.0209)  0.0319 <0.1
B=1850mm take α = 0.1

(a = 52 mm) < t O.K.

209.5  10 6
d As   1393 mm 2
350 0 .1
( 520 )( 1 - )
1.15 2

(>Asmin=475mm2)
d=540-20=520 mm
choose 7φ16 (As=1407 mm2)

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 10

 For M-veu=69.8 kN.m (rectangular sec.)
d=560 mm
Compared with V1, it
can be concluded that:
R<Rmax
α<0.1 → take α=0.1

69.8  10 6
As   431 mm 2
350 0 .1
( 560 )( 1 - )
1.15 2
choose 2φ18 (As=508 mm2)

Check of shear:

Minimum web reinforcement is

to be provided.

Use 2 br. st. φ8 @ 200 mm

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

2φ18 2φ12 2 br. St. φ8 @200mm

2φ12 2φ12

7φ16 8φ16 7φ16

9.00

Longitudinal section of Beam V1

Scale 1:20

R.C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry.

R. C. Design-2, Dr. Hazem Elbakry 11