CONDITIONS IN PUTTING UP MICROWAVE LINK

STEP 1

Table 1. Site Profile

SITE A SITE B
Buluang, Bato, Camarines Sur Location Santa Justina, Buhi, Camarines Sur
13˚ 18’ 26.18’’ Latitude 13˚ 24’ 5.26’’
123˚ 20’ 30.21’’ Longitude 123˚ 28’ 29.56’’
53˚ 58’ 19.54’’ Azimuth 125˚ 59’ 49.74’

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS SHEETS

STEP 2

CHANNEL PLAN
STEP 5(specs from brosza MOTOROLA)

Frequency Band: 15 GHz

Frequency Range: 14.20 – 15.37 GHz
Low Band Range: 14.20 – 14.93 GHz
High Band Range: 14.37 – 15.37 GHz
Duplex Spacing:
Channel Bandwidth:

DUPLEX CHANNEL AND CENTER FREQUENCIES

STEP 6

14.93 GHz−14.20 GHz

No . of Duplex Channels=
MHz

MINIMUM SITE ELEVATION

STEP 7

d2
h=
12.75 x k
 2
9
h=
4
12.75 x
3

h=4.76 m
Where:
h = minimum path elevation
d = (path length in km)/2
k=
TABLE FOR PATH PROFILE
STEP 8

Table 2. Path Profile

Distance from Distance Path Earth Terrain Type
A from B Elevation Curvature
0.00 18.00 54 0.00 Timberland
1.00 17.00 10 1.40 Timberland
2.00 16.00 9 2.62 Timberland
3.00 15.00 0 3.74 Water
4.00 14.00 0 4.68 Water
5.00 13.00 0 5.46 Water
6.00 12.00 0 6.08 Water
7.00 11.00 7 6.55 Rice paddy
8.00 10.00 10 6.86 Rice paddy
9.00 9.00 50 7.02 Brushwood
10.00 8.00 40 7.02 Rice paddy
11.00 7.00 50 6.86 Rice paddy
12.00 6.00 55 6.55 Rice paddy
13.00 5.00 60 6.08 Rice paddy
14.00 4.00 56 5.46 Rice paddy
15.00 3.00 55 4.68 Rice paddy
16.00 2.00 56 3.74 Rice paddy
17.00 1.00 61 2.62 Rice paddy
18.00 0.00 66 1.40 Rice paddy

PATH PROFILE
STEP 9
 PATH PROFILE
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Ground Elevation Earth Curvature

Line of Site Path

70

60

50
Elevation in Meters

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Path Distance in Kilometers

Ground Elevation Line of Site Path Earth Curvature

 MINIMUM RELIABLE TOWER HEIGHT
STEP 10(B)

Computing for the minimum reliable tower height

L=L K + L F + LFH

x (D−d ¿¿ 1)
Lk =d 1 ¿
12.75 K

LF =17.32 x F %
√ d1 d2
f LOWER x D

where:
L - Clearance Criteria in meter
LK – Curvature Factor in meters
LF – Fresnel Factor in meters
LFH – Arbitrary Fixed Height in meters
d1 – distance from site A to point in kilometers
D – Path distance in km
F% - Fresnel Zone Percentage Factor
fLOWER – Low Band transmit frequency in GHz (14.20 GHz)

Clearance Criteria at Fixed Height of 66 meters

d1 D-d1 LFH LF LK L
0.00 18.00 66 0.00 0
1.00 17.00 66 2.68 1
2.00 16.00 66 3.68 1.88235
3.00 15.00 66 4.36 2.64705
4.00 14.00 66 4.86 3.29411
5.00 13.00 66 5.24 3.82352
6.00 12.00 66 5.51 4.23529
7.00 11.00 66 5.70 4.52941
8.00 10.00 66 5.81 4.70588
9.00 9.00 66 5.85 4.76470 76.6147
10.00 8.00 66 5.81 4.70588
11.00 7.00 66 5.70 4.52941
12.00 6.00 66 5.51 4.23529
13.00 5.00 66 5.24 3.82352
14.00 4.00 66 4.86 3.29411
15.00 3.00 66 4.36 2.64705
16.00 2.00 66 3.68 1.88235
17.00 1.00 66 2.68 1
 18.00 0.00 66 0.00 0
The minimum antenna height at each end of link should be around 77 meters or a
23-meter tower on a 54 meter elevation above mean sea level at site A and an 11-meter
tower on a 66 meter elevation above mean sea level at site B.

POINTS CLOSEST TO THE LINE-OF-SITE

STEP 11(B)

Distance from A Distance from B Path Elevation L

0.00 18.00 54
1.00 17.00 10
2.00 16.00 9
3.00 15.00 0
4.00 14.00 0
5.00 13.00 0
6.00 12.00 0
7.00 11.00 7
8.00 10.00 10
9.00 9.00 50 76.6147
10.00 8.00 40
11.00 7.00 50
12.00 6.00 55
13.00 5.00 60
14.00 4.00 56
15.00 3.00 55
16.00 2.00 56
17.00 1.00 61
18.00 0.00 66

PATH CLEARANCE WITH RESPECT TO THE OBSTRUCTION

STEP 12(B)

PATH CLEARANCE WITH RESPECT TO THE REFLECTION

STEP 13

Reflection Points
Path
Distance Distance Earth Ground Tree & Obstructio Reflection
Elevatio Tower Grade
from A from B Curvature Elevation Building n Height point at B
n
 0.00 18.00 54 0.00 54 10
1.00 17.00 10 1.40 11.40 10
2.00 16.00 9 2.62 11.62 10
3.00 15.00 0 3.74 3.74
4.00 14.00 0 4.68 4.68
5.00 13.00 0 5.46 5.46
6.00 12.00 0 6.08 6.08
7.00 11.00 7 6.55 13.55
8.00 10.00 10 6.86 16.86
9.00 9.00 50 7.02 57.02 10
10.00 8.00 40 7.02 47.02
11.00 7.00 50 6.86 56.86
12.00 6.00 55 6.55 61.55
13.00 5.00 60 6.08 66.08
14.00 4.00 56 5.46 61.56
15.00 3.00 55 4.68 59.68
16.00 2.00 56 3.74 59.74
17.00 1.00 61 2.62 63.62
18.00 0.00 66 1.40 67.40

 To get the earth curvature:

Earth Bulge = 0.078d1d2

 To get the ground elevation:

Ground Elevation = Path Elevation + Earth Curvature

 To get the obstruction height

Obstruction Height = Ground Elevation + Height of tree/building

 The line-of-sight

LOS A = [ SiteB Max . Height −SiteA Max . Height

Path length ]
LOS2 = LOS1 + LOSA
LOS3 = LOS2 + LOSA

 Larger 1st Fresnel

1 st Fresnel=17.3 x
√ d 1 d2
f lower band D
 THERMAL FADE MARGIN
STEP 14

Parameters
Modulation - 4 FSK
Duplex Spacing - 470/728 MHz
Channel Spacing - 3.5 MHz
Radio Configuration - CFM L4 Outdoor Unit RF Module
Transmit Power (15 GHz) - 20 dBm
Receiver Threshold (at 15 GHz) - BER 10-6 -83 dBm
Waveguide Loss -
Antenna used (0.60 m) - gain 36.9 dBi
Waveguide used - UBR 140 (waveguide flange)

Specifications for Low Band Frequency (14.20 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNITS
Microwave Radio Output Power 20 dBm
Connector Loss (TX) 0.5 dB
Waveguide Loss (TX)
Connector Loss 0.5 dB
Antenna Gain 36.9 dBi
Free Space Loss 140.60 dB
Antenna Gain 36.9 dBi
Connector Loss 0.5 dB
Waveguide Loss
Connector Loss 0.5 dB
Power Input to Receiver (RSL)
Minimum Receiver Threshold -83 dBm
THERMAL FADE MARGIN

Specifications for High Band Frequency (15.37 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNITS
 Microwave Radio Output Power
Connector Loss (TX) 0.5 dB
Waveguide Loss (TX)
Connector Loss 0.5 dB
Antenna Gain
Free Space Loss
Antenna Gain
Connector Loss 0.5 dB
Waveguide Loss
Connector Loss 0.5 dB
Power Input to Receiver (RSL)
Minimum Receiver Threshold
THERMAL FADE MARGIN

COMPUTATIONS
Free-Space Path Loss, FSL

 For Low Band Frequency

FSL = 92.45 + 20 log (f x d)
FSL = 92.45 + 20 log (14.20 GHz x 18)
FSL = 140.60 dB

 For High Band Frequency

FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (f x d)
FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (15.37 GHz x 18)
FSL = 141.29 dB

Received Signal Level, RSL

RSL = TX output – All losses – All gains

 For Low Band Frequency

 For High Band Frequency

Thermal Fade Margin

 TFM = RSL – Receiver Threshold

 For Low Band Frequency

 For High Band Frequency

DISPERSIVE FADE MARGIN

STEP 15

INTERFERENCE FADE MARGIN

STEP 16

RAIN ATTENUATION
STEP 17

Attenuation due to the effects of rain.

Frequency
kH kV aH av
(GHz)
1
2
4
6
7
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
35
40

CRANE RAIN ATTENUATION

 Computing for the interpolated values of the regression coefficient table using both
transmit frequencies: (14.20 GHz-15.37 GHz)

 For Low Band Frequency (14.20 GHz)

log f 1−log f x
M=
log f 1−log f 2

log (12)−log (14.20)

M=
log (12)1 −log (15)

M =0.75

k =log
−1
[ log k 1 −M ( log k 1−log k 2)]
−1
k =log ¿

k =¿0.02

a=a1 −M (a1−a2)

a=1.128−.92(1.128−1.2)

a=1.194

 For High Band Frequency (15.37 GHz)

log f 1−log f x
M=
log f 1−log f 2

log (15)−log (15.37)

M=
log (15)−log (20)

M =0.08

k =log −1 [ log k 1 −M ( log k 1−log k 2) ]

−1
k =log ¿
 k =0.07

a=a1 −M (a1−a2)

a=1.065−.08 (1.065−1.128)

a=1.070

Table 10. Crane Rain Climate Regions

Determining the attenuation formula based on the rainfall rate at the appropriate
region of the link and the availability requirements:

d=3.8−0.6 [ln ( Rp ) ]

d=3.8−0.6 [ln ( 67 ) ]

d=1.28

Where Rp = Crane Rainfall Rate (taken from the table)

Rp = 67.0 (at 99.99% link availability)

Computing for certain variables needed to compute rain attenuation:

−0.17
b=2.3(R p )

b=2.3(67−0.17 )

b=1.13

c=0.026−0.03 (ln ( R p ) )

c=0.026−0.03 (ln ( 67 ) )

c=−0.10
 cd
ln ⁡(b e )
μ=
d

ln ⁡(1.13)(e−0.10(1.28) )
μ=
1.28

μ=−0.01

Computing for the Rain Attenuation

ANTENNA MISALIGNMENT LOSS

STEP 18

DIFRACTION LOSSES
STEP 19

CLUTTER LOSSES
STEP 20

ATMOSPHERIC LOSSES
STEP 21

DETAILED THERMAL FADE MARGIN

STEP 22

FLAT FADE MARGIN

STEP 23

COMPOSITE FADE MARGIN

STEP 24

RELIABILITY CALCULATION
STEP 25