City University of Hong Kong

Course code & title: MA 1201 Calculus and Basic Linear Algebra II
Session: Semester B, 2018–2019
Time allowed: Three hours

This exam has FIVE pages (including this cover page and the attached table).

1. This exam consists of SIX problems (100 points in total).

2. Attempt ALL problems.

3. Start each problem on a NEW page.

4. Show your work clearly to receive full credits.

5. The use of pencil is not permitted.

This is a CLOSED-BOOK examination.

Candidates are allowed to use the following materials/aids:

• Non-programmable portable battery operated calculator.

Materials/aids other than those stated above are not permitted. Candidates will be sub-
ject to disciplinary action if any unauthorized materials or aids are found on them.
 —2—

1. (15 points) Evaluate the following integrals.

2x2 − x + 4
Z
(a) (5 points) √ dx.
x
Solution.
2x2 − x + 4
Z  2
2x x 4 
Z Z
√ dx = √ − √ + √ dx = (2x3/2 − x1/2 + 4x−1/2 ) dx
x x x x
2 2 4 2
= 2 · x5/2 − x3/2 + 4 · 2x1/2 +C = x5/2 − x3/2 + 8x1/2 +C.
5 3 5 3
Z
(b) (5 points) e−3x+1 dx.
Solution.
e−3x+1 1
Z
e−3x+1 dx = +C = − e−3x+1 +C.
−3 3
x3 cos x
Z π
(c) (5 points) 2
dx.
−π 1 + sin x
Solution. Since the integral is defined on a symmetric interval [−π, π], and the
function being integrated is odd:
(−x)3 cos(−x) −x3 cos x x3 cos x
= = − ,
1 + sin2 (−x) 1 + (− sin x)2 1 + sin2 x
it follows that
x3 cos x
Z π
dx = 0.
−π 1 + sin2 x

2. (20 points) Evaluate the following integrals.

Z
(a) (7 points) x2 sin−1 x dx.
Solution.
Z Z  1 1
Z
1 3
x2 sin−1 x dx = sin−1 x d
x3 = sin−1 x · x3 − x d(sin−1 x)
3 3 3
1 1 x3
Z
= x3 sin−1 x − √ dx,
3 3 1 − x2
and the substitution

u = 1 − x2 , or x2 = 1 − u,
1
du = −2x dx, or xdx = − du,
2
yields
x3 x2 1−u  1  1
Z Z Z Z
√ dx = √ · x dx = √ · − du = − (u−1/2 − u1/2 ) du
1 − x2 1 − x2 u 2 2
1 2  1
= − 2u1/2 − u3/2 +C = −(1 − x2 )1/2 + (1 − x2 )3/2 +C.
2 3 3
 —3—

Thus
1 3 −1 1 1
Z
x2 sin−1 x dx = x sin x + (1 − x2 )1/2 − (1 − x2 )3/2 +C.
3 3 9
Z
(b) (5 points) sin2 x cos5 x dx.

Solution.
Z Z Z
sin2 x cos5 x dx = sin2 x(cos2 x)2 · (cos x dx) = sin2 x(1 − sin2 x)2 d(sin x)
Z Z Z
u=sin x 2 2 2 2 2 4
= u (1 − u ) du = u (1 − 2u + u ) du = (u2 − 2u4 + u6 ) du
1 3 1 1 1 2 1
= u − 2 · u5 + u7 +C = sin3 x − sin5 x + sin7 x +C.
3 5 7 3 5 7

2x2 + 21x + 37
Z
(c) (8 points) dx.
(x − 1)(x2 + 6x + 13)
Solution. By partial fractions (note that x2 + 6x + 13 is irreducible),

2x2 + 21x + 37 A Bx +C
2
= + 2 ,
(x − 1)(x + 6x + 13) x − 1 x + 6x + 13
so that
2x2 + 21x + 37 = A(x2 + 6x + 13) + (Bx +C)(x − 1).

Setting x = 1 yields
60
2 · 12 + 21 · 1 + 37 = A(12 + 6 · 1 + 13), or A= = 3.
20
To find B and C, expand the right side of the equation, combine like powers of x,
and then compare coefficients:

2x2 + 21x + 37 = A(x2 + 6x + 13) + (Bx +C)(x − 1)

= (Ax2 + 6Ax + 13A) + (Bx2 − Bx +Cx −C)
= (A + B)x2 + (6A − B +C)x + (13A −C).

This yields the linear system

A+B =2

6A − B +C = 21 ,

13A −C = 37

where the first and third equation implies

B = 2 − A = −1, C = 13A − 37 = 2.
 —4—

It follows that
2x2 + 21x + 37 3 −x + 2
2
= + 2 ,
(x − 1)(x + 6x + 13) x − 1 x + 6x + 13
and thus
2x2 + 21x + 37 3 −x + 2
Z Z Z
dx = dx + dx
(x − 1)(x2 + 6x + 13) x−1 2
x + 6x + 13
−x + 2
Z
= 3 ln|x − 1| + 2
dx.
x + 6x + 13
To evaluate the last integral on the right side, observe that (x2 + 6x + 13)0 = 2x +
6 = 2(x + 3) and hence
−x + 2 −x − 3 5
Z Z  
dx = + dx
x2 + 6x + 13 x2 + 6x + 13 x2 + 6x + 13
x+3 5
Z Z
=− 2
dx + dx
x + 6x + 13 (x + 3)2 + 4
1 1 5 1
Z Z
u=x2 +6x+13
= − du + dx
2 u 4 (1/4)(x + 3)2 + 1
5 tan−1 (1/2) (x + 3)
 
1 2
= − ln|x + 6x + 13| + · +C.
2 4 (1/2)
Consequently,
2x2 + 21x + 37
Z
dx = 3 ln|x − 1|
(x − 1)(x2 + 6x + 13)
1 5
− ln|x2 + 6x + 13| + tan−1 (1/2) (x + 3) +C.
 
2 2

3. (15 points)

(a) (8 points) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded
by the upper branch of the parabola x = y2 , the right branch of the hyperbola
x2 − y2 = 2, and the x-axis about the x-axis.
Solution. The slice is chosen to be horizontal to avoid partitioning the interval
of integration into multiple subintervals. Since the slice is parallel to the axis of
rotation, the shell method has to be used. The radius r(y) and height h(y) of the
shell, expressed as functions of y, are given by
p
r(y) = y, h(y) = 2 + y2 − y2 .

The bounds of integration, on the other hand, are determined by equating x = y2

p
to x = 2 + y2 and solving for y, which yields
p
y2 = 2 + y2 =⇒ y4 = 2 + y2 =⇒ y4 − y2 − 2 = 0 =⇒ (y2 − 2)(y2 + 1) = 0
√ √
=⇒ y2 = 2, y2 = −1 (discard) =⇒ y = 2, y = − 2 (discard).
 —5—

The volume of the solid is then given by

Z √2 Z √2 p
2 + y2 − y2 dy


V= 2πr(y)h(y) dy = 2πy
0 0
√ Z √2 Z √2
Zp 2  u=2+y2  1 Z 4 
3 1/2
= 2π 2
y 2 + y dy − y dy = 2π u du − y3 dy
0 0 2 2 0
1 2 √ 
1 1  2
= 2π · u3/2 |42 − y4 |0 2 = 2π (8 − 23/2 ) − 1 = (5 − 23/2 )π.
2 3 4 3 3

(b) (7 points) Find the area of the surface generated by revolving the curve x =
√
2 4 − y, 1 ≤ y ≤ 4, about the y-axis.
Solution. Z Z 4 q  2
S= 2πρ ds = 2πx(y) · 1 + x0 (y) dy,
1
where
2 2 1 5−y
1 + x0 (y) = 1 + −(4 − y)−1/2 = 1 +
 
= .
4−y 4−y
Thus
s
Z 4 p Z 4p
5−y
S = 2π 2 4−y· dy = 4π 5 − y dy
1 4−y 1
 2 4 8 56
= 4π − (5 − y)3/2  = π(43/2 − 1) =

π.
3 1 3 3

4. (15 points) Let A(−1, 2, 3), B(1, 3, 2) and C(0, 1, 2) be three points in R3 . Using
vector method:

(a) (5 points) Find the angle ∠BAC. Express the result in degrees.
Solution. Recall −
→ − →
AB · AC
cos ∠BAC = −→ − →,
|AB||AC|
 —6—

where
−
→
AB = B − A = h1 − (−1), 3 − 2, 2 − 3i = h2, 1, −1i,
−
→
AC = C − A = h0 − (−1), 1 − 2, 2 − 3i = h1, −1, −1i.

Thus
h2, 1, −1i · h1, −1, −1i
cos ∠BAC =
|h2, 1, −1i||h1, −1, −1i|
√
2 · 1 + 1 · (−1) + (−1) · (−1) 2 2
=p p =√ √ = ,
22 + 12 + (−1)2 · 12 + (−1)2 + (−1)2 6· 3 3

which shows √
−1 2
∠BAC = cos ≈ 61.87◦ .
3
(b) (5 points) Find the area of the triangle 4ABC.

Solution.
1 −→ − →
Area(4ABC) = |AB × AC|,
2
where
 
~
i ~j ~k       
−
→ − →   1 −1   2 −1  2 1 
 ~
1 −1  =~i 
  ~
AB × AC =  2 − j +k
 

  −1 −1   1 −1   1 −1 
 1 −1 −1 

= 1 · (−1) − (−1) · (−1) ~i − 2 · (−1) − 1 · (−1) ~j

   

+ 2 · (−1) − 1 · 1 ~k = h−2, 1, −3i.

 

Thus
1 1 1√
q
Area(4ABC) = |h−2, 1, −3i| = (−2)2 + 12 + (−3)2 = 14.
2 2 2

(c) (5 points) Find the distance from C to the line passing through A and B.

Solution.
−
→ −
→
q
d = |AC|2 − |proj−
→ AC|2 ,
AB

where
−
→ √
|AC|2 = |h1, −1, −1i|2 = ( 3)2 = 3,

and
−
→ − →
→ 2  AC · AB 2  h1, −1, −1i · h2, 1, −1i 2  2 2 4 2
−
|proj−
→ AC| =  −
AB →  =  = √ = = .
|AB| |h2, 1, −1i| 6 6 3
 —7—

Thus r r
2 7
d = 3− = .
3 3
Alternatively, the result from (a) directly implies that
−→ −→p
d = |AC| sin ∠BAC = |AC| 1 − cos2 ∠BAC
√ 2 √
r r r
7 7
= 3· 1− = 3· = .
9 9 3

5. (15 points)
√ √
(a) (8 points) Solve the complex equation (1 + 3 i)z3 = 3 + i and list all possible
solutions in Euler’s form with principal arguments.
Solution.
√
√ 3
√ 3 3+i 2ei(π/6)
(1 + 3 i)z = 3 + i =⇒ z = √ = i(π/3) = ei(π/6−π/3) = ei(−π/6) .
1 + 3 i 2e
Thus
1/3  i(−π/6+2kπ) 1/3
z = ei(−π/6) = ei(−π/6+2kπ)/3 = ei(−π/18+2kπ/3) ,

= e

where

k=0: z = ei(−π/18) ,
k=1: z = ei(−π/18+2π/3) = ei(11π/18) ,
k=2: z = ei(−π/18+4π/3) = ei(23π/18) = ei(23π/18−2π) = ei(−13π/18) .

(b) (7 points) Solve the complex equation z3 − 4z2 + 6z − 4 = 0, given that (1 − i) is

one of its roots.
Solution. Both (1 − i) and (1 − i) = (1 + i) are roots of the real-coefficient poly-
nomial z3 − 4z2 + 6z − 4, which means

z − (1 − i) z − (1 + i) = (z − 1)2 − i2 = z2 − 2z + 2
  

is a factor of it. A long division shows

z3 − 4z2 + 6z − 4
= z − 2.
z2 − 2z + 2
Thus

z3 − 4z2 + 6z − 4 = (z2 − 2z + 2)(z − 2) = z − (1 − i) z − (1 + i) (z − 2),

  

and the three solutions of the equation are given by

z = 1 ± i, z = 2.
 —8—

6. (20 points)

(a) (5 points) Find the inverse of the matrix

!
4 3
A= .
2 1

Solution. By the adjoint method,

!
−1 1 A11 A21
A = ,
det A A12 A22

where  
4 3
det A =   = 4 · 1 − 2 · 3 = −2,
 
2 1

and

A11 = (−1)1+1 · 1 = 1, A12 = (−1)1+2 · 2 = −2,

A21 = (−1)2+1 · 3 = −3, A22 = (−1)2+2 · 4 = 4.

Thus !
1 1 −3
A−1 = − .
2 −2 4

(b) (10 points) Solve the linear system

x − 2y + 3z − w = 3

−2x + 3y − 2z + w = −1

3x − 4y + z − w = −1

by Gaussian elimination and express the general solution in vector form.

Solution. Write the system as Au = b and apply Gaussian elimination to the

augmented matrix [A|b]. The result is
   
1 −2 3 −1 3 R3 −3R1 1 −2 3 −1 3
  R2 +2R1  
[A|b] =  −2 3 −2 1 −1  −−−−→  0 −1 4 −1 5 
   
3 −4 1 −1 −1 0 2 −8 2 −10
 
1 −2 3 −1 3
R3 +2R2  
−− −−→  0 −1 4 −1 5 .

0 0 0 0 0
 —9—

Note that the system is consistent, and the reduced system takes the form

x − 2y + 3z − w = 3
.
− y + 4z − w = 5

Solving for the pivot variables x, y in terms of the free variables z, w from the
above equations then yields

y = −5 + 4z − w,
x = 3 + 2y − 3z + w = 3 + 2(−5 + 4z − w) − 3z + w = −7 + 5z − w,

and the general solution of the system is given by

         
x −7 + 5z − w −7 5 −1
         
 y   −5 + 4z − w  −5  4 −1 
u= =  =  +z +w .
         
  0 1
z  z       0
    
w w 0 0 1

(c) (5 points) Write down the corresponding homogenous system explicitly and de-
termine all non-trivial solutions from (b) without resolving the system.

Solution. The homogenous system associated with the linear system Au = b is

x − 2y + 3z − w = 0

−2x + 3y − 2z + w = 0 .

3x − 4y + z − w = 0

Its general solution is given by

     
x 5 −1
     
y 4 −1 
u =   = z +w .
     
z 1  0
     
w 0 1

— THE END —