Chapter 10

Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

Chapter Objectives:
 Apply previously learn circuit techniques to sinusoidal steady-state
analysis.
 Learn how to apply nodal and mesh analysis in the frequency domain.
 Learn how to apply superposition, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems
in the frequency domain.
 Source Transformation
 Transform a voltage source in series with an impedance to a current source in
parallel with an impedance for simplification or vice versa.
 Source Transformation
 Practice Problem 10.4: Calculate the current Io

If we transform the current source to a voltage source, we obtain the circuit shown in Fig. (a).
 Source Transformation
 Practice Problem 10.4: Calculate the current Io
 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
 Thévenin’s theorem, as stated for sinusoidal AC circuits, is changed only to
include the term impedance instead of resistance.
 Any two-terminal linear ac network can be replaced with an equivalent
circuit consisting of a voltage source and an impedance in series.
 VTh is the Open circuit voltage between the terminals a-b.
 ZTh is the impedance seen from the terminals when the independent sources are
set to zero.
 Norton Equivalent Circuit
 The linear circuit is replaced by a current source in parallel with an impedance.
IN is the Short circuit current flowing between the terminals a-b when the
terminals are short circuited.

 Thevenin and Norton equivalents are related by:

VTh  Z N I N ZTh  Z N
 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
P.P.10.8 Thevenin Equivalent At terminals a-b
 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
P.P.10.9 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent
for Circuits with Dependent Sources

To find Vth , consider the circuit in Fig. (a).

 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
P.P.10.9 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent for Circuits with Dependent Sources
 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
P.P.10.9 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent for Circuits with Dependent Sources
 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
P.P.10.9 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent for Circuits with Dependent Sources
Since there is a dependent source, we can find the impedance by inserting a voltage source
and calculating the current supplied by the source from the terminals a-b.