INTENSIVE 4 EXAM 2 REVIEW AND STUDY GUIDE

UNIT 4 TOPICS: BOOK GENRES, READING HABITS

GRAMMAR:
✓ NOUN CLAUSES (USING ‘THAT’ ) EXAMPLE: “I DIDN’T KNOW THAT YOU CALLED THEM NOUN CLAUSES.”
✓ EMBEDDED QUESTIONS (FORMAL QUESTIONS)
EXAMPLE: WHERE IS THE BATHROOM? --> DO YOU KNOW WHERE THE BATHROOM IS?

VOCABULARY:
• CURL UP: ADOPT A COMFORTABLE POSITION WHEN YOU WANT TO READ OR SIT TO REST.
• SKIM: LOOK FOR INFORMATION OF INTEREST IN AN ARTICLE
• DO PUZZLES: GAMES LIKE CROSSWORDS, FIND THE CORRECT WORD, ETC.
• WHETHER: IF
• GLOBE TROTTER: A PERSON WHO TRAVELS AROUND THE WORLD
• ETIQUETTE: RULES FROM A SPECIFIC CULTURE
• HUGE: VERY BIG
• LACK OF: WHEN THERE ISN’T SOMETHING,
• CHOPSTICKS: THE THINGS CHINESE PEOPLE USE TO EAT
• PAPERBACKS: A FORM OR STYLE OF BOOKS

UNIT 5 TOPIC: NATURAL DISASTERS

REPORT A DISASTER, CONVEY A MESSAGE

GRAMMAR: INDIRECT SPEECH (REPORTED SPEECH)

THERE ARE TWO FORMS:
✓ IMPERATIVES (WHEN IT IS AN ORDER OR INSTRUCTION OR A PETITION LIKE A FAVOR),
✓ AND BACKSHIFT (WHEN IT IS INFORMATION, LIKE A MESSAGE OR EXPRESSING A FEELING AND
YOU NEED TO CHANGE THE VERBS TO THE PAST FORMS.)

EXAMPLES
IMPERATIVE: “STUDENTS, REMEMBER TO READ ALL THIS STUDY GUIDE.” → THE TEACHER TOLD US TO
READ ALL THIS STUDY GUIDE.
BACKSHIFT: “I DON’T KNOW WHAT TO EAT.” → HE SAID HE DIDN’T KNOW WHAT TO EAT.

* YOU NEED TO CHANGE THE VERBS OR AUXILIARIES TO THE PAST, AND

** CHANGE THE PRONOUNS WHEN NECESSARY.

VOCABULARY.

• NATURAL DISASTERS: TORNADOES, EARTHQUAKES, LANDSLIDES, TSUNAMI, ETC.

• BLIZZARD: A BIG SNOWSTORM
• FAMINE: WHEN THERE IS NO FOOD IN A COMMUNITY
• MAGNITUDE: THE INTENSITY OR SIZE OF A DISASTER
• TIMING: WHEN SOMETHING OCCURS, HAPPENS
• LOCATION: THE PLACE WHERE IT HAPPENS
• QUOTATIONS: “ “
• TYPHOON: HURRICANE
• WEATHER FORECASTER: PERSON OR CHANNEL THAT REPORTS OR TELLS THE WEATHER CONDITIONS
• POWER OUTAGE: WHEN THE ELECTRICITY SERVICE IS INTERRUPTED
• SHELTER: A PLACE TO GO TO PROTECT FROM A DANGEROUS EVENT
• NON-PERISHABLE FOOD: FOOD THAT DOESN’T NEED MUCH REGRIGERATION
• THE MAYOR OF A TOWN/CITY: THE PRESIDENT OF A CITY (ESTRADA FERREIRO, BUT NOT FOR A LONG TIME)

UNIT 6 LIFE PLANS

EXPRESS CHANGE OF INTENTIONS OR PLANS, REGRETS, JUDGEMENTS, ABILITIES, POSSIBILITIES AND

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST.

GRAMMAR:

✓ WAS/WERE GOING TO AND WOULD: TO EXPRESS THAT WE HAD A PLAN OR

INTENTION BUT WE DIDN’T DO IT. THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO
FORMS IS THAT WHEN YOU USE WOULD, YOU HAVE TO USE THE EXPRESSIONS:
THOUGHT, BELIEVED, SAID, OR WAS/WERE SURE.
EXAMPLE: “WHEN I WAS 18, I WAS GOING TO MOVE TO CANADA, BUT SOME
FRIENDS TALKED ME OUT OF IT.”

✓ PERFECT MODALS: THEY COMBINE THE MODAL AUXILIARIES (SHOULD, COULD,

WOULD, MAY, MIGHT AND MUST) WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT.
EXAMPLES:
- SHOULD (REGRET OR JUDGEMENT): “I LOST MY WALLET. I SHOULD HAVE BEEN MORE CAREFUL!”
- COULD (POSSIBLE BECAUSE THERE WERE ABILITIES TO DO IT): “HE HAD ALL THE ABILITIES TO BE A
GREAT PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYER. HE COULD HAVE BEEN RICH AND FAMOUS.”
- WOULD (SURE SOMETHING WAS POSSIBLE IN THE PAST): “I’M SURE I WOULD HAVE LEARNED FRENCH
FAST IN QUEBEC. I’M GOOD WITH LANGUAGES.”

- MAY/MIGHT (NOT SURE, IT WAS ONLY A POSSIBILITY): “I MAY HAVE FINISHED MY CAREER AS AN
ARCHITECT, BUT I DIDN’T TRY HARDER.”
- MUST (A STRONG CONCLUSION): “GINA LOVED BEN BUT DIDN’T GET MARRIED. SHE MUST HAVE
KNOWN HE HAD ANOTHER GIRLFRIEND.”

VOCABULARY.

• CAREERS: THE STUDIES TO GET A DIPLOMA OR DEGREE

• TALENT: A NATURAL ABILITY
• SKILLS: ABILITIES YOU LEARN WITH THE PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE
• KNOWLEDGE: EVERYTHING YOU KNOW ABOUT A TOPIC
• QUALIFICATIONS: ALL THE ABILITIES NEEDED TO GET A JOB
• STRENGTH: SOMETHING YOU ARE REALLY GOOD AT
• WEAKNESS: SOMETHING YOU ARE NOT GOOD AT
• DAYDREAM: TO BE DISTRACTED, ABSENT-MINDED WHEN YOU ARE NOT SLEEPING.