Republic act of the Philippines

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

AL BANGSAMORO SHARI’AH & PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION COLLEGE
DRMMMGS Bldg. Brgy. Marawi Poblacion. Marawi City

First Quarter – Module 1

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Name: __________________________ Section: _______________

Teacher: ________________________ Date of release: _________
Teaching date: ___________________

Learning Objective:

TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT

Intrapersonal Communication

It was already noted in Unit I that many think of "communication' as public speaking or as a
situation in which one Speaker addresses many Listeners. Others think of it as involving only two people
talking to each other, but communication can involve more than two people or an audience. It can be a
group discussion on cancer awareness, an organizational program to save the environment, a radio or TV
show focused on corruption in government, or it could even be a showcase of tribal dances from all over
the Philippines. Indeed, communication may be classified into different types based on the number of
participants in the Process.

The first Type of Speech Context is INTRAPERSONAL Communication, meaning

communicating with oneself. What does this mean? Intrapersonal Communication maybe seen in
situations involving talking to or writing to oneself, even thinking to oneself. to Clarify further, talking to
oneself may mean repeating a song heard while looking in the mirror, memorizing out loud a dialogue in
a play, or berating oneself in a mutter on the way to School for forgetting one's homework. A teenager
may write in diary or on a private blog which nobody else is supposed to read. One also writes on sticky

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notes to remind oneself of things to be done. And, of course there is daydreaming, meditating, or mental
planning.

Clearly, in Intrapersonal Communication, the Speaker and the Listener are one and the same:
YOU. You send the Message to yourself and you yourself receive that Message.

Interpersonal communication

Beyond INTRAPERSONAL Communication are several Types of speech Context which we are
more familiar with, such as INTERPERSCONAL Communication which involves more than one person.
Of course, it is not just the number of participants that determine each particular type of communication.
They can be differentiated by its purpose Remember? Communication is always intentional.

A. DYADIC COMMUNICATION involves only two participants forming the DYAD. One Speaker and
one Listener come together to exchange thoughts, ideas, opinions, and information. The roles of Speaker
and Listener are not fixed, they are interchangeable. Conversation is informal dyadic communication,
while interview and dialogue are formal dyadic communication. Conversation is the most common, the
most frequent, and the most popular of all dyadic communication. Talking with others is one way people
amuse themselves. Dialogues usually happen during guidance counselling, consulting with a priest, or
heart-to-heart talks with a trusted person. One bares heart and soul to go deeper into their motivations,
attitudes, and beliefs. Interviews are almost always highly formal compared to conversation, but not as in-
depth as a dialogue is.

B. SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION requires from 3 to 15 people to study an issue, discuss a

problem, and come up with a solution or a plan. This is not just a gathering of people with no goal in
mind but to pass the time. The group has an agenda, a leader, and an outcome to accomplish. Because
everyone can be both Speaker and Listener in this setting rules must be followed to facilitate order.

Order follows for a full discussion, which leads to à compromise and the hoped for result: a solution or a
plan. Small groups may be divided into two according to purpose: study groups and task oriented Groups.
Study Groups are meant to look into a problem but not necessarily come up with a solution. It is the Task
oriented Groups that stay an 15sue such as the perennial traffic problem of Metro Manila or the pluton
Laguna de Day to come up with a plan to resolve that issue. Examples of Small groups are panel
discussions, symposia, roundtables, etc.

C. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION is different from Dyadic or Small Group Communication in that one
Speaker address many Listeners, collectively known as an Audience.

There is no interchanging of the speaker and Listener roles. Many Public Communication events
are formal. The speech is well prepared, the Speaker is dressed appropriately, and the Listeners are set to
listen to the Message. Moreover, there is usually a stage a lectern, and a microphone coupled with a sound
system and, sometimes, spotlights. Usually the programs are formally structured, with a

Master of Ceremonies or MC (emcee), a Welcome Address, an Introduction of the Keynote Speaker,

the speech by the Keynote >speaker or Paper Presenter, and Closing Remarks. The informal version of
Public Communication does not necessarily have a stage, the Speaker may be dressed informally, and
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there may or may not be a microphone or, sometimes, just a megaphone. With no sound system at all, the
speaker has to protect his/ her voice to be heard by the Audience. This informal form of Public
Communication happens when the gathering is impromptu such as family reunions and is most often seen
during protest rallies, especially while participants are moving through the streets.

D. MASS COMMUNICATION is any of the above human verbal interactions carried out with the aid of
mass media technology. Mass media used to mean only radio and television, which reached more people
with the use of their technical systems. With the advent of the Internet and the worldwide web, Mass
Communication now includes Social Media, which allow for the use of technology by everyone not just
journalists, broadcasters, and technical crew. Social Media cover videos that go viral on the Internet as
well as webcasts/podcasts which reach millions, more than radio or TV ever could. In fact, radio and TV
have joined Social Media by putting up their own websites to communicate to a larger audience.

E. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION refers to the interaction of members along the links in an

organizational structure. There are two variations of Organizational Communication. Formal
Organizational Communication uses the proper channels graphically illustrated by an organizational chart
Memos, announcements, and reports are passed along to the members of the organization following the
chain or command. An example is a memo on salary increase, which is issued by the company President,
then is passed on to the managers, and, finally, handed on to the supervisors before reaching the
employees. The Informal version bypasses the links, skips forward or backwards, or even goes sideways
just to achieve the same goal: tor example, to pass on a mem0, announcement, or a report. The memo on
salary increase will probably reach the employees faster than the formal announcement because the
secretary who typed the memo told another secretary who told the supervisor who shared it with co-
workers. This is not to say that one is more important than the other, or that one is bad, the other not. Both
types and Organizational Communication are necessary for the organization to survive.

F. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION is the exchange of concepts, traditions, values, and

practices between and among people of different nationalities and ways of life. Lt goes beyond
showcasing folk dances, local songs, and native delicacies. To make the exchange more meaningful, there
should be a deeper understanding and awareness of what makes various nationalities different and unique,
but also Similar and familiar. For example, a roundtable discussion to exchange views about how we
relate with our families can show the differences and similarities in Korean and Philippine Cultures. A
lecture on the Chinese way of doing business might bring out the difficulties of a Catholic Filipino
migrant worker in a Muslim country.

All Communication, whatever the Speech Context, has to have a Purpose. Each Context that one may be
engaged in is according to what best suits the Purpose and how best to accomplish it, but the Contexts are
not mutually exclusive. Before Public best to accomplish it, but the Contexts are not mutually
exclusive. Before Public Communication can take place, the Speaker subjects himself/ herself to
Intrapersonal Communication by thinking, writing, and talking to oneself. Small Group Communication
happens because of something that came up in a Dyadic Communication, and so on. Given the
Context and Purpose, Communication Strategies are also based on different types of Speech
Styles.

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 TASK:

DISCUSS SUFFICIENTLY THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT IN YOUR OWN WORDS.

Answer the following

DISCUSS questions:
SUFFICIENTLY THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT IN YOUR OWN WORDS.

1. How important is intrapersonal communication?

2. What intrapersonal factors affect communication?
3. What are the type of Speech Context?
4. What are some examples of intrapersonal communication?
5. What is the example of intrapersonal and interpersonal?

TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE

Each speech context, having a different set of participants coming together for specific purpose, calls for
a specific Communicative Strategy. These strategies are also dependent on the type of speech style that is
used in a particular speech context.

Like speech context, there are different types of speech style for communicating. The exercises in the
previous lessons described the reasons for communicating and the way in which that communication was
carried out. When talking to another person, words are carefully chosen and so is the manner those words
are spoken.

Each speech style is as distinct as the types of speech context and can be paired according to usage. The
styles according to Martin Joos (1959) are the following:

a. Intimate is a non-public speech style that uses private vocabulary and includes non-verbal messages. It
is a style in which meaning is shared even without "correct linguistic forms". This occurs among people
who have known each other for a long time and have shared many experiences. Because they each other
sometimes complete each other's sentences and know what the other person is thinking even before they
open their mouths. Even without the correct linguistic forms, people using the intimate speech style
understand each other.

b. Casual is a speech style used among friends and acquaintances that do not require background
information. The use of slang is common and interruptions occur often, Casual style is used when there is
no social barriers to consider.

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c. Consultative is the opposite of the intimate style because this style is used precisely among people who
do not share common experience or meaning This style requires two-way participation and interruptions
can occur during the communication.

d. Formal is used only for imparting information. This speech is well-organized and correct in grammar
and diction. Technical vocabulary and exact definitions are important in the formal style, such as in
presentations. Straight forward and direct,this style does not allow interruptions.

E. Frozen is a formal style whose quality is static, ritualistic and may even be archaic. This style is
exemplified by prayers that have been recited in the same way or years, the Pledge of Allegiance or
Panatang Makabayan, and the Oath of Office of any office, whether of the student council or of Congress.

Answer the following questions:

1. What can you learn about speech style?

2. What are the three types of speech style and how they differ?
3. What is the main difference between intimate and casual speech?
4. What is the main difference between the formal and frozen speech style?
5. What is the main reason why there are different speech styles?

EFFECTIVE SPEAKING RULES

1. Choose the right time to communicate with someone about a certain topic.

2 Develop a pleasant tone of voice.

3. Be clear and specific.

4. Be positive. In many homes 80 percent of all communication is negative. Family members become so
sed to hearing, faultfinding blaming judging, name-calling, and other negative element that such behavior
becomes normal. Be less negative and more positive and appreciative.

5. Be courteous and respectful of everyone’s opinion

6. Look at your listeners in the eye, not at the floor, or at the ceiling; talk to people, not at them. They will
much more interested and responsive. And you are likely to be much Happier than if you were just
pronouncing words in the air.

7. Stay calm. It is natural for you to be nervousness is a problem. In your nervousness you may cough,
hem, and haw, play with buttons on your jacket, twist a ring on your finger, or shift uneasily from foot to
foot. But don’t let this keep you from trying. With experience you will again confidence and lose these
distracting mannerisms. You may find it helpful to try to overcome these habits one at à time. Say to
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yourself, for example, that the next you get up to Talk you will not twist your ring no matter what else
you do. The very best defense against nervousness, as you may have discovered, is to be well-prepared
and to have something to say that really interests you. Then while you are talking, your mind will be so
busy with your subject that you won’t have time to worry about being nervous.

Answer the following questions:

1. Why is effective speaking important?

2. What is effective speaking?
3. Why do we need to study effective speaking rules?
4. How do you relate in this study effective speaking rules to your course?
5. In your own opinion? Why oral communication is needs to apply of our knowledge?