Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation for Adults,

pedia and infants
 Course Outline
Lesson 1: Lesson 3:
Lesson 2:
Introduction to Basic Indications for CPR
CPR Algorithm for
Life Support Adults

Lesson 4:
CPR Algorithm for Pedia Media
and Infants
Basic Life
Support

An emergency procedure that consists of identifying

cardiac or respiratory arrest or both and the proper
performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to
maintain or preserve life until the victim recovers or until
advance life support or emergency services are available.
 Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation
Is a technique of basic life support for
oxygenating the brain and heart until
appropriate, definitive medical treatment can
restore normal heart and ventilatory action.
Purpose:
-to maintain an open airway (A).
-to maintain breathing by external ventilation
(B).
-to maintain blood circulation by external cardiac
massage( C )
-to save the life of the patient
-to provide emergency action until advance life
support arrives.
Indications for CPR
Unresponsive patient
with no pulse and
respiration

Unresponsive patient
with no respiration

Unresponsive patient
with no pulse
 CPR
Algorithm
for Adults
 CPR
Algorithm
for Pedia
and Infants
 Emergency Action Principles:
5. Asking
2. Knowing What 3. Role of 4. Number of
1. Scene Safety Happened Bystanders Casualties
Permission or
Consent
Secure that the Before performing Ask bystanders Before Identify yourself
scene where you CPR make sure to what happened performing CPR, to the patient
are performing is investigate what and they could if there are and reassure
safe from harm. happened to the
also be utilized more than one them that you
This is to ensure patient, know the
that safe delivery nature and cause to help with casualties or mean no harm
of service is done of illness or injury. proper patients, it and would like
and no further By standers and instruction and would help if to offer
harm with happen significant other guidance. prioritization of assistance.
to both rescuer are of great help. patients is done.
and patient.
 Primary Assessment:
1. Quick Check of
2. Activate Medical 3. Check for
Responsiveness,
Help Circulation
Airway & Breathing

Tap shoulder, Ask someone to Bleeding- Quickly Shock- If left Skin color,
check for airway call for local look for severe temperature and
untreated,
and normal emergency bleeding by moisture-
looking over the shock can lead Assessment of
breathing or no number and to death.
person’s body skin temperature,
breathing obtain from head to toe color and
Automated Always look for
for signals such as condition can tell
External the signals of
blood-soaked you more about
Defibrillator clothing or blood shock whenever the patient’s
(AED) spurting out from you are giving circulatory
a wound. care. system.
Steps in Conducting CPR:
 Before Giving Child or Baby CPR
Check the scene and the child. Make sure the
scene is safe, then tap the child on the
shoulder and shout "Are you OK?" to ensure
that he or she needs help.
For infants, flick the bottom of the foot to elicit
a response.
• Call 911. If child does not respond, ask a
bystander to call 911, then administer
approximately 2 minutes of care.
• - If you're alone with the child or infant,
administer 2 minutes of care, then call 911.
• - If the child or infant does respond, call
911 to report any life-threatening
conditions and obtain consent to give care.
Check the child from head to toe and ask
questions to find out what happened.
• Open the airway. With the child lying on • Check for breathing. Listen carefully, for no
his or her back, tilt the head back slightly more than 10 seconds, for sounds of
and lift the chin. breathing. (Occasional gasps aren't
breathing.)

• Infants typically have periodic breathing,

so changes in breathing pattern are
normal.
• Deliver 2 rescue breaths if the child or • Begin CPR. If the child or baby is
infant isn't breathing. With the head tilted unresponsive to the rescue breaths, begin
back slightly and the chin lifted, pinch the CPR.
child's nose shut, make a complete seal by
placing your mouth over the child's mouth
and breathe into the child's mouth twice.
• For infants, use your mouth to make a
complete seal over the infant's mouth and
nose, then blow in for one second to make
the chest clearly rise. Now, deliver two
rescue breaths.
TABLE OF COMPARISON ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION FOR ADULT, CHILD
AND INFANT
ADULT (13 years old CHILD (1-12 years old) INFANT (under 1 year
and above) old)
Unresponsive (for all ages)
No Breathing or no normal breathing (only gasping)
No definite pulse felt within 10 seconds
If you are alone with Witness Collapse: Follow instruction in the left
no mobile phone, Unwitnessed Collapse: Give 2 minutes CPR
leave the victim to then leave the victim to activate help and get
activate emergency AED then return to the child and infant to
response system and continue CPR.
get the AED before
beginning CPR.
Otherwise if
someone is there to
help get AED and
start CPR.
CHECKING OF Carotid pulse Brachial pulse
BREATHING AND
CIRCULATION Breathing could be checked by the rise and fall of the chest
For Rescuer if no breathing start CPR

CPR SEQUENCE Compression-Airway-Breathing only if the airway is patent

COMPRESSION RATE At least 100-120/min

COMPRESSION DEPTH 2 inches (5cm) not more At least 1/3 AP diameter At least 1/3 AP diameter
than 2.4 inches About 2 inches (5cm) About 1 ½ inches (4cm)

CHEST WALL RECOIL Allow complete recoil between compressions

HCPs and PRs rotate compressors every 2 minutes
CHEST WALL Allow complete recoil between compressions
RECOIL HCPs and PRs rotate compressors every 2 minutes

COMPRESSIO Minimize interruptions in chest compressions

NS Attempt to limit interruptions to <10 seconds
INTERRUPTIO
NS
AIRWAY Head-tilt-chin lift (HCP & PR: suspected trauma: Jaw thrust)

COMPRESSIO 30:2 30:2

N-TO- 1 or 2 rescuers Single Rescuer
VENTILLATION
RATIO (until 15:2
advanced 2 HCP rescuers
airway placed)
VENTILATIONS WITH 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths/min)
ADVANCE AIRWAY Asynchronous with chest compressions
(HCP & PR)
About 1 second/ breath
Visible chest rise

DEFIBRILLATION Attach and use AED as soon as available. Minimize interruptions in chest
compressions before and after shock; resume CPR beginning with chest
compressions immediately after each shock.

Abbreviation: AED= Automated External Defibrilator; AP=Antero-posterior, CPR= cardiopulmonary resuscitation, HCP= Healthcare provider, PR= Professional
Rescuer
*Excluding the newly born, in whom the etiology of an arrest is nearly asphyxia.
THANK YOU!

References:
AHA Guide to CPR 2015 edition
Canadian Red Cross
Mayoclinic
Reader’s Digest