Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

(reducing relative clause)

Rút gọn dưới dạng Ving:
- Câu chủ đề chứ mệnh đề which ở dạng chủ động
- Các bước :
+ Bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ
+ Động từ chính chuyển thành Ving
+ nếu có not hoặc n’t thì giữ nguyên not
+ nếu có be ( không phải be + Ving) thì lược bỏ
Vd : Tom, who is a good doctor, is my brother.
⇒ Tom, a good doctor, is my brother
VD Nam,who talks about car, is my friends
⇒ Nam, talking about car, is my friends
teach : dạy học taught taught
The woman who taught English in my high school is Mr. Nga.
⇒ The woman teaching English
The girl who was not smiling at you is my daughter.
⇒ The girl not smiling at you is my daughter.
The woman is speaking in English. She is my mom.
=> The woman who is speaking in English is my mom
⇒ The woman speaking in English is my mom
- Đối với hiện tại/ qk hoàn thành:
- Các bước :
+ Bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ
+ Have/has/had chuyển thành having
Tam, who has learned English for 6 years, is my classmate.
⇒ Tam, having learned English for 6 years, is my classmate
Rút gọn dưới dạng Ved:
- Câu chủ đề chứa mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động:
- Các bước :
+ Bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ
+ Bỏ am/is/are/was/were/have,has,had been chừa lại động từ
+ nếu có not hoặc n’t thì giữ nguyên not
VD : The man who was interviewed before me got hired
⇒ The man interviewed before me got hired
Many phones which were sold are from Apple.
⇒ Many phones sold are from Apple
Rút gọn dưới dạng To + V0:
Chỉ dùng khi có mạo từ the đứng trước các từ chỉ thứ thứ tự như : first,
second,.. Hoặc các dạng so sánh nhất ( youngest, biggest,...), từ only,...
- Các bước :
+ Bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ
+ chuyển động từ thành to V0
VD: She was the youngest person who won the prize
⇒ she was the youngest person to win the prize.
+ Đối với hiện tại/ qk hoàn thành:
+ Các bước :
+ Bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ
+ Have/has/had chuyển thành to have và giữ nguyên động từ
theo sau.
VD: He was the first person who had won the prize.
⇒ He was the youngest person to have won the prizes
Bài tập vận dụng
1. The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.
2. The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting.
3. The students who make noise in class will be punished.
4. Passengers who traveled on this bus bought their tickets in books.
5. Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone?
6. The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery.
7. We had a river in which we could swim.
8. You are the last person who saw her alive.
9. The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash.
10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
12. Here are some accounts that you must check.
13. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
14. I have some letters that I must write.
15. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.