Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy Business and Management Students During Business Plan Implementation Group 2 Abm Pound

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
DAYON, ALTHEA MARIE T.
VERAN, MARY JOY B.
NANO, NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C.
OSWAGAN, ROSE ANN R.
BENITEZ, KYRELLE CATHERINE E.
JOSE, KYLA O.
POLIDARIO, JOHN RYAN P.

An Undergraduate Thesis presented to the
Faculty of Senior High school Department
Mabini Colleges Inc, Daet, Camarines Norte
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the subject
Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion
DAYON, ALTHEA MARIE T.
VERAN, MARY JOY B.
NANO, NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C.
OSWAGAN, ROSE ANN R.
BENITEZ, KYRELLE CATHERINE E.
JOSE, KYLA O.
POLIDARIO, JOHN RYAN P.
ABM-POUND
April 2022
RECCOMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION
This study entitled “DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12
ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS
PLAN IMPLEMENTATION” prepared and submitted by ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON,
MARY JOY B. VERAN, NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C. NANO, ROSE ANN R.
OSWAGAN, KYRELLE CATHERINE E. BENITEZ, KYLA O. JOSE, JOHN RYAN P.
POLIDARIOin partial fulfillment of the requirements of Practical Research has been examined
and is recommended for the acceptance and approval for Final Oral Examination.
GAIL D. ABASOLO, MBA

Adviser
Research Committee
HAROLD D. ABASOLO
Chairman
GAIL D. ABASOLO RICO D. PACALA

Secretary Co- Chairman
ACCEPTED and APPROVED for ORAL EXAMINATION
ELMER A. DELOS ANGELES, JR., MM
Principal, High School Department

APPROVAL SHEET
Result of the Oral Examination for ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON, MARY JOY B. VERAN,
NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C. NANO, ROSE ANN R. OSWAGAN, KYRELLE
CATHERINE E. BENITEZ, KYLA O. JOSE, and JOHN RYAN POLIDARIO Senior High
School Students.
Thesis: Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management
Students During Business Plan Implementation
Venue: Mabini Colleges, Inc.
High School Department
Daet, Camarines Norte
Date: May, 2022
This is to certify that ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON, MARY JOY B. VERAN,

CATHERINE E. BENITEZ, KYLA O. JOSE and JOHN RYAN P. POLIDARIO, passed
the oral examination
ORAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE: ACTION
HAROLD ABASOLO MBA (Chairman)
GAIL D. ABASOLO, MBA (Secretary)
RICO D. PACALA (Member)

CERTIFICATION OF THE SECRETARY
This is to certify that the suggestions given by the Panel of Examinees in connection with
the Oral Examination of ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON, MARY JOY B. VERAN,
CATHERINE E. BENITEZ, KYLA O. JOSE, and JOHN RYAN P. POLIDARIO, in
defense of the thesis entitled “ Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business
and Management Students During Business Plan Implementation” were compiled with

Secretary, Oral Examination Panel
CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR
This is to clarify that the thesis of ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON, MARY JOY B.
VERAN, NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C. NANO, ROSE ANN R. OSWAGAN, KYRELLE
CATHERINE E. BENITEZ, KYLA O. JOSE, and JOHN RYAN P. POLIDARIO,entitled “
Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management Students
During Business Plan Implementation” was edited by the undersigned.
Thesis Editor
AUTHORIZATION PAGE
This thesis entitled “ Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business
and Management Students During Business Plan Implementation” submitted to the High
School Library, is open for inspection, and is to be used with due regard to the rights of the
author. The authors grant the privilege of loan or photocopy to accredited borrowers provided
proper credit is given in subsequent written or published work.
Permission for extensive copying of this work for Scholarly purposes may be granted by
the Principal Of the High School Department. It is understood that any copying or publication of
this paper for financial gain shall not be allowed without written permission.
ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON
MARY JOY B. VERAN
NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C. NANO
ROSE ANN R. OSWAGAN
KYRELLE CATHERINE E. BENITEZ
KYLA O. JOSE
JOHN RYAN P. POLIDARIO
ABM- POUND
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His showers of
blessings throughout our research work to complete the research successfully.
We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research adviser,
Ma’am Gail D. Abasolo, for giving us the opportunity to do research and providing
invaluable guidance throughout this research. Her dynamism, vision, sincerity and
motivation have deeply inspired us. She has taught us the methodology to carry out the
research and to present the research works as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege
and honor to work and study under her guidance. We are extremely grateful for what
she has offered us. We would also like to thank her for her friendship, empathy, and
great sense of humor. We also extremely grateful to our parents for their love, prayers,
caring and sacrifices for educating and preparing us for our future.
To Ma’am Gail D. Abasolo, our research adviser, for the never-ending support and
guidance before we started this research and while we are making every chapters and
parts of this paper. Thank you for always pushing us to give our best to make this all
work.
To our classmates who have been our supporting system from the very beginning of
this study. To our friends, who are always there to support and for encouraging us
to always move forward. To the panelists who gave us patience, motivation, enthusiasm
and immense knowledge in making this research study. The guidance they bestow upon
us is really helpful and important.
Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to our parents and relatives who
gave their motivational, financial and moral support. Without their help, this all will not
be possible.
DEDICATION
We dedicate this work to the incoming Senior High School students who are dreaming of
becoming an Accountant someday. We sincerely want them to know that there is a big effect of
choosing the right strand for them to have basic knowledge of the courses they would like to
take, specifically in Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

ABSTRACT


MARY JOY B. VERAN
NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C. NANO
ROSE ANN R. OSWAGAN
KYRELLE CATHERINE E. BENITEZ
KYLA O. JOSE
JOHN RYAN P. POLIDARIO
ABM- POUND
Unpublished Thesis
Mabini Colleges Incorporated
Daet Camarines Norte
May 2022
This study determines the different difficulties encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy,
Business and Management (ABM) students of Mabini Colleges Inc.. It answered the following
questions: 1) What is the profile of respondents in terms of: a) Type of product, b)
Capitalization? 2) What are the difficulties they encountered during implementation in terms of
financial, production, marketing and human resources? 3) Is there a significant difference
between the difficulties encountered by the ABM students based on the profile of the
respondents? 4) What tips can be proposed to counter the possible different difficulties during
their business plan implementation?
This study used a descriptive-comparative research design and utilized the survey
questionnaire as research instrument to gathered the data of this study. This study also unutilized
frequency count, percentage, weighted mean and Anova Test as statistical tools to analyze and
interpret the results.
According to the investigation's findings, the result of the study shows that the profile of
respondents in terms of the type of product indicates that the majority of the students
choose convenient products for their small business. However, according to the findings,
students' choice of product has nothing to do with the difficulties they encountered during the
implementation of their businesses. Moreover, the findings of the study's for profile of
respondents in terms of capitalization reveals that half of the grade 12 ABM students have one
thousand pesos as their starting capital for their business. The majority of the groups with the
lowest starting capital used convenient products for their businesses. It demonstrates that selling
convenient products require less capital than selling other types of products. While the majority
of the groups that spent the most money used shopping products as their business. Thus, the
findings reveal that capitalization is associated with the difficulties encountered by grade 12
ABM students during implementation. That means lower capital equates to a lower risk of facing
difficulties, because high capital is associated with increases in financing and high risk that
causing difficulties. Furthermore, in order to provide solutions to the challenges that grade 12
ABM students face during the implementation of their business plans, the researchers decided to
create a guide booklet for business plan implementation that can be used as a teaching tool by
entrepreneurship teachers in Mabini Colleges to discuss the potential challenges they may face
during implementation. This research output can also be used as a guide for students as they
begin to implement their findings.
This study was conducted to know the various difficulties that Grade 12 Accountancy,
Business and Management (ABM) Students encounter during their business plan
implementation. Also, to know the importance of having enough knowledge of these difficulties
for future purposes. And to know these various difficulties according to their fields such as in
financial, marketing, production and human resources. Lastly, this study recommends on how to
avoid or handle those difficulties. Also, It recommends those future researchers to be more
knowledgeable enough to discuss their chosen topic for them to know what information and data
they should gather. And also, to have enough courage, patient and perseverance in conducting a
study and to hope and pray that the results will be in favor in you.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Titles Pages
COVER PAGE ………………………………………….. i
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………. ii
RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATON …………….. iii
APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………….. iv
CERTIFICATION OF THE SECRETARY …………………………... v
CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR ……………………………….. vi
AUTHORIZATION PAGE ………………………………………….. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………….. viii
DEDICATION ………………………………………….. ix
ABSTRACT ………………………………………….. x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………….. xiii
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………….. xv
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………….. xvi
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM
Introduction ………………………………………….. 1
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………….. 4
Hypothesis ………………………………………….. 4
Scope and Delimitation ………………………………………….. 4
Significance of the Study ………………………………………….. 5
Definition of Terms ………………………………………….. 6
Notes ………………………………………….. 8
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature ………………………………………….. 9
Related Studies ………………………………………….. 12
Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art ..…………………………………….. 16
Gap Bridged by the Study ………………………………………….. 18
Theoretical Framework ………………………………………….. 18
Conceptual Framework ………………………………………….. 22

Notes ………………………………………….. 24
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design ………………………………………….. 26
Source of Data ………………………………………….. 26
Research Instrument ………………………………………….. 27
Respondents of the Study ………………………………………….. 27
Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………………….. 27
Statistical Tools. ………………………………………….. 28
Notes …………………………………………..30
CHAPTER 4: DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY,

BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION
Results and Discussions ………………………………………….. 31
Research Output ………………………………………….. 44
Notes ………………………………………….. 48
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ………………………………………….. 45
Findings. ………………………………………….. 45
Conclusions ………………………………………….. 47
Recommendations ………………………………………….. 48
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………….. 55
APPENDICES ………………………………………….. 58
CURRICULUM VITAE ………………………………………….. 68
LIST OF TABLES
Titles Pages
Table 1. Distribution of Respondents based on Type of Product ……………………. 34
Table 2. Distribution of Respondents based on Capitalization …………………….
35
Table 3. Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Financial …………………….
37
Table 4. Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Production ……………………. 39
Table 5. Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Marketing …………………….
41
Table 6. Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Human Resources ……………………. 43

Anova Testing
Table 7. Anova Testing for Type of Product …………………….
45
Table 8. Sunmary of Anova Testing for Type of Product …………………….
45
Table 9. Anova Testing for Capitalization. ……………………. 45
Table 10. Sunmary of Anova Testing for Capitalization …………………….
45
LIST OF FIGURES
Title Pages
Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm. ……………………………………. 23
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm ……………………………………. 25

During Business Plan Implementation
An Undergraduate Research Paper Presented to the
Faculty of Mabini Colleges, Inc.

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Subject Practical Research 2
DAYON, Althea Marie T.
VERAN, Mary Joy B.
NANO, Nathalie Nicole Mae C.
OSWAGAN, Rose Ann R.
BENITEZ, Kyrelle Catherine E.
JOSE, Kyla O.
POLIDARIO, John Ryan P.
Decembers 2021
CHAPTER 1
The Problem
Introduction
According to the literature and regional studies on innovation, evaluating the innovation
of products and services becomes a relevant activity in organizations to develop competitive
advantages and achieve economic success (Kong et. al, 2019). The definition of innovation
emphasizes the close connection between innovation and invention, which are not similar.
Innovations involve the development of invention, the institutionalization of new production
methods, as well as the introduction of new products to the market have all been examples of
innovation.
Business innovation is a significant tool that marketing strategists utilize to gain
customers and markets through the production of sustainable competitive advantage, as it leads
to a process of change in organizations and their market offerings. Since business innovations
have something to do with people's needs and wants in the marketplace, it is also implemented as
a method for upgrading a product or service so that it remains relevant and will not get left
behind.
However, business innovation can mean a single major breakthrough – e.g., a completely
new product or service. Therefore, it can also be a series of minor incremental changes. Yet,
running a business innovation can result in a variety of failures (Nieminen, 2021). That is why
successful innovation should be part of a business plan, where one could nurture an innovative
culture and create room for creative thinking that leads an individual to be a good entrepreneur.
The students are now exposed to entrepreneurship. Students are already engaged in
different learning systems that teach them about entrepreneurship. Taking an entrepreneurial
education subject at Senior High School requires Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM) students to create their own business plan for their proposed product or
service innovation. This entrepreneurship subject gives the students the opportunity to start their
own business while they are still studying and at the same time to perceive their skills to be an
entrepreneur.
Moreover, Grade 12 ABM students are required to put their intended business plan into
action. Business planning is an important part of establishing any type of business. In today's
environment, a business plan is an entrepreneur's most crucial business document. Without a
convincing business plan, no one will seriously consider your business idea. However, starting a
business innovation is not easy, many students experience difficulties during their product or
service implementation.
Entrepreneurship education is necessary for easing employment pressure, social
transformation, and the promotion of college students (Kong et. al, 2019). Early exposure to
entrepreneurship has a huge impact on young students that leads some of them to be capable of
running their own established businesses.
Therefore, the researchers conduct this study to discover the different difficulties
encountered by the ABM students during the implementation of their product and service
innovations. It also aims to discover what strategies they can use to avoid product and service
failures, and how these challenges affect the outcome of their proposed innovation.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to discover the difficulties encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy,
Business, and Management (ABM) students of Mabini Colleges Inc. during the business plan
implementation of their product or service innovation.
Specifically, it will seek answers to the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Type of product offered: and
b. Capitalization?
2. What are the difficulties they encountered during implementation in terms of financial,
production, marketing, and human resources?
3. Is there a significant difference between the difficulties encountered by the ABM students
based on the profile of the respondents?
4. What strategies can be proposed to improve their product and service implementation
strategies?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the difficulties encountered by the
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students and their product and service
offerings.
Scope and Delimitation
This study aims to determine the different difficulties encountered by Accountancy,
Business, and Management (ABM) students in terms of financial, production, marketing, and
human resources. This study will also look for the strategies that may be used to subdue the
challenges that affect the outcomes of their product and service innovation.
The study is done through google form survey questionnaires, library research and usage
of search engines on the internet. The researchers will try to reach a minimum of 100 students
from the batch of School Year 2020-2021 graduates of ABM strand as respondents of the
proposed study as a result of the online sample size calculator.

Significance of the Study
This study is conducted to aid and discover the different difficulties that G12
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students face during business plan
implementation. The findings of this study will benefit the following:
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) Students. The main beneficiaries of
this study are the current and upcoming ABM students. This study will serve as a guide to the
ABM students to achieve their desired outcome of their proposed product and service innovation
without being bothered by different difficulties that they may encounter during implementation.
Students will also gain knowledge through this study about decision-making.
Entrepreneurship Teachers. The next most beneficiary of this study are the
entrepreneurship subject teachers. This study will help the entrepreneurship teachers to identify
the main source or main factors that affects the outcomes of their students’ products and services
innovation after implementation. Through this study the entrepreneurship teachers will have an
overview and idea which part of the implementation process the ABM students struggled.
Researchers, themselves. This will also benefit the researchers for it serves as the
foundation of knowledge, considering that they are also currently taking up an ABM strand.
Also, to learn new strategies and solutions that can help them to improve their business plan
implementation strategies that they can use to avoid making the same mistakes repeatedly and
hence that makes their product and service innovation successful.
Entrepreneurs. Another beneficiary of this study are the entrepreneurs who currently
operate a business and also the aspiring entrepreneurs that want to start a business.
Through this research the entrepreneurs will be given insight and information

about the challenges and difficulties they might encounter during business plan
implementation. The given information of this study will guide them to solve the problems and
assist them to be more prepared so that they will only encounter minor errors in their business.
Future Researchers. Furthermore, this study may be used as reference data for the
future researchers in conducting their new research or other related findings. As well, it will also
serve as their cross-reference to obtain ideas and information, so it can be their guide to improve
and widen their knowledge. For them to be aware of the challenges and struggles that may hinder
them.
Definition of Terms
In order to have an easy and better understanding for the readers, the researchers define
the following terminologies according to how it is used in this research:
Business Innovation. The introduction of creating something new in a business. It is
when an organization introduces new processes, services, or products to affect positive change in
their business. This can include improving existing methods or practices, or starting from
scratch. In this study, it refers to the innovated products and services of the ABM Students of
Mabini Colleges.
Business Plan. It is an essential written document that provides a description and
overview of your company's future. The plan should explain your business strategy and your key
goals to get from where you are now to where you want to be in the future. Same concept and
definition were used in this research.
Product. It is the most famous type of innovation, and can be defined in different ways.
Product is the development or improvement of products in a way that tries to solve problems for
consumers, customers and society. In this study, it refers to the different kinds of product that the
ABM Students implemented.
Service. It is a new knowledge or technologies that companies incorporate into their
service offerings, which results for being valuable for both customers and businesses. In this
study, it refers to the various service innovations implemented by ABM Students.
Innovation. It is the act of innovating; a change in custom. It can refer to something new,
such as an invention, or the practice of developing and introducing new things. In this study, it
refers to the changes applied to an existing product or service implemented by the ABM
Students.
Business Plan Implementation. It is the process of moving the business plan into
execution, an idea from concept to reality. A result of implementing something; a finished
product, system, or device. It is the execution of the business plan into an actual product and
service.
Notes
Kong, J., Mei, Y., Pan, Y., He, X., Hong, T., Chen, Z., . . . Chen, Z. (2019). Difficulties Faced by
College Students in Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Its Countermeasures.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature, Administration
and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019), 94. Published. https://doi.org/10.2991/jahp-
19.2019.132
Nieminen, J. (2021). Incremental Innovation – The What, Why, and How. Retrieved December
10, 2021, from https://www.viima.com/blog/incremental-innovation
19.2019.132
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter provides an overview of previous research on knowledge sharing and
intranets. It introduces the framework for the study that comprises the main focus of the research
described in this research.
Related Literature
Innovation is the actual application of ideas that result in a variety of new kinds of new
offerings, including products, services, processes, and business models, with the goal of
improving or disrupting existing uses or developing new ones Talin (2021)
The term "novation" first appears in legal literature in the 13th century as a term for
renewing a contract. As a result, "novation" denotes "new," as in a new contract version. It
accumulated negative connotations in the 16th-century religious context, thrown at anyone who
attempted to modify sacred scriptures. Innovators were imprisoned and even executed. The idea
of innovation became connected with science, the production of new machines, and products
during the Industrial Revolution. Innovators were raised as positive contributors as governments
began to promote research labs and patents as a source of economic benefit. The change had
been a horrible thing in the past, yet nowadays it is a positive thing. In 1939, prominent
economist Joseph Schumpeter, probably the creator of the concepts that led to what we now refer
to as "entrepreneurship," made a key distinction. He claimed that invention entailed the
development of something new (such as a new product), whereas innovation entailed the
adoption of that new thing Krippendorff (2017)
According to the article of Rao (2019) with the title “Service Innovation and Design”, the
term “service innovation” has been defined in different ways of ways. McDonald’s has made
major restaurant and menu improvements in recent years, which seem to be examples of offering
innovation. In other circumstances, service innovation is associated with new internal service
processes that will increase a company’s effectiveness and competitiveness.
Typically, new product development is viewed as a means of fixing problems in existing
products, filling gaps, and catching up to competitors. But there is a lot more to it. Giving the
customer a unique experience should be the goal of New Product Development. It should imply
breaking through the clutter and distinguishing your products from the competition. Customer
needs are constantly changing today, shortening product lifecycles. It is not a simple task to
develop a product. The rate of success varies between 45 and 62 percent Dhargalkar (2016).
The innovation strategy establishes the long-term objectives, methods, and scope of how
innovations (products, processes, or organizations) will be employed to gain a competitive
advantage. It is not an easy or quick undertaking to establish innovation in a corporation. From
market analysis to development and process improvement, the capacity to successfully
implement new ideas requires a wide range of talents and skills. An effective strategy is to
demonstrate how to create the business's uniqueness so that it stands out among rival businesses
on the market Borowski (2021).

Risk and its impact on innovation. (n.d.). States that throughout the whole innovation
process, every innovation is exposed to a significant amount of risk. The time component is
important since risk is proportional to the length of the innovation process/project. More risk
components may emerge and more things can go wrong as time passes between the idea, its
development, and the final launch.
In the article entitled “4 Reasons Why Innovations Fail” by Hengsberger. (n.d.) states
that a new product can fail on the market if it fails to provide actual value and therefore fails to
attract buyers. However, a new product may fail internally due to flaws in development,
implementation, and marketing. The idea may be excellent, but if the innovation process fails, it
will fade. On the other contrary, an innovation can be poor but can become a remarkable
innovation if it is developed and sold with maximum dedication and love.
Staff, G. (n.d.) discussed that entrepreneurship plays many important roles in a dynamic
economy, perhaps none more important than innovation, where new products and services are
introduced to customers. Ideally, innovative entrepreneurship can improve peoples’ quality of
life, but it can also serve other important functions such as testing if customers are willing to pay
for a new product or service (price discovery) or to “disrupt” an inefficient business model.
The article entitled “Problems with the Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Enterprises
from the SME Sector” by Ingaldi, (2019) stated that in a business, old equipment is primarily a
problem from a production and cost perspective. Old machines frequently break down, require
extensive restoration, are wasteful, and frequently cause staff incompatibilities, as well as being
dangerous to operate. This has an impact on the operation costs of the business, particularly the
cost of maintenance, resulting in high product pricing.

According to Harvard Business School, 90 percent of businesses fail to carry out their
strategic objectives efficiently. A lack of objectives for employees, improper resource allocation,
a lack of structure and leadership, and a lack of communication are all consequences of poorly
executed strategies. That is why executing it correctly is so important Dalum (2021).
Related Study
Product and service innovation is defined as the creation of new products and services,
modifications to existing products and services, or the replacement of one product or service
with another Elsevier (2018).
Kogabayev (2017) cited Urabe (1988) discuss that Innovation is hardly a one-time
phenomenon, but rather a prolonged and cumulative process involving a large number of
organizational decision-making processes, involving the production of new concepts to their
implementation. The perception of a new customers’ demands or a new method to create is
referred to as a fresh idea. It develops from a long-term process of knowledge gathering
combined with an ever-evolving entrepreneurial vision. The new idea is developed and marketed
into a new marketable product or a new process during the implementation process, resulting in
cost savings and greater productivity.
According to the study “Difficulties Faced by College Students in Innovation and
Entrepreneurship and Its Countermeasures” by Kong et. al (2019), a lot of college students going
into business with the advantages that come with becoming a college student, such as youth and
passion, but they will certainly encounter many difficulties along the process of establishing a
business. To begin with, college students' psychological preparedness may not entirely fulfil the
requirements of entrepreneurship. Although many college students aspire to be entrepreneurs,
only a small percentage of them succeed.
“Linking National Culture and Product Innovation Performance” (2016) revealed that
successful innovation management requires a deep grasp of the impact of culture on the design
and implementation of innovation strategies, as well as product innovation performance. The
goal of this work is to shed light on the amount and direction of culture’s impact on product
innovation performance using a mix of two research approaches: KJ analysis and formal survey.
The findings suggest that, while the current cultural structure has a negative impact on
performance, the magnitude of that impact can be reduced by implementing task-oriented
leadership practices.
The majority of people in the FMCG industry, especially in the food industry, agrees that
the failure rate of new product launches is far too high. They came to the conclusion that 76% of
the sales did not endure a year. What is more alarming is that 45% did not last the entire 26
weeks, based on their findings. According to an older survey, only 53.3% of new products in the
United States meet their financial targets. Nonetheless, in FMCG, most people would take a far
higher percentage, anywhere between 50% and 75%. Certain people appear to believe that these
failure levels represent a law of nature, although they are not. Instead, they serve as a sobering
reminder that most new product developers are investing a significant amount of time and money
into projects that should have exposed problems from the start or throughout the early phases of
development Dijksterhuis (2016).

In the study "Implementing New Business Model: What challenges Lie Ahead" (2018), it
examines the creation of numerous new business model innovations to address the question,
"What strategic choices do business executives make when deploying new business models?"
They discover that during the implementation of their business model innovation process,
Executive managers face four strategic tradeoffs, pertaining to two main opposing organizational
goals: the requirement for efficiency (to obtain economies of scales) and the need for exploration
(adapt concept in response to changing organizational priorities, markets, and technologies).
Each of the axis's extremes favors either exploratory (independence, discovery approach,
challenging status quo, flexible logic) or exploitative (dependency, planned approach, sustaining
status quo, fixed logic) techniques, each of which has its own set of (dis)advantages.
According to the “Theory of New Product Development and Its Applications” by Gurbuz
(2018) developing and innovating new products is a difficult task, especially for small and
medium-sized businesses, because the New Product Development process is filled with risks.
The product life cycle is shortening, putting more pressure on businesses to be the first to market
with new products. A greater vulnerability to risk is associated with fewer resources and
structural traits. According to a survey done in the United Kingdom, most SMEs find it difficult
to adopt a new product development process due to constraints such as a lack of well-defined
product requirements. The study found that the process was slowed down by a lack of
understanding of customer needs and a lack of knowledge of the product's technology and
market. Because small firms are severely constrained by limited human and financial resources,
the same assumption cannot be made for the success of developing new products in small firms
compared to large firms. Because of their low equity ratio, they are vulnerable to external
factors. SMEs have poor financial foundations and limited access to resources when compared to
larger businesses. This shows that when it comes to controlling NPD, SMEs are more easily
affected and exposed to risks.
Sopjani (2019), analyzes the entrepreneurship environment through specifically focusing
on startups and innovation infrastructure in Kosovo in the research study “Challenges and
Opportunities for Startup Innovation and Entrepreneurship as tools towards a knowledge-based
economy: The Case of Kosovo,” it investigated that there are 3 main chapters, each of which
addresses and analyzes different aspects of Kosovo’s innovation, startup, and business culture.
The first section, titled overview of literature, provides a critical review of current
entrepreneurship knowledge by including substantive discoveries as well as theoretical and
methodological contributions relevant to this topic. It defined and clarified the key concepts that
will be used or inferred throughout the project. The second section contains a mix of primary and
secondary data that is used to support the points and ideas presented in each section. They all
accentuate the importance of nurturing an entrepreneurship ecosystem as an economic
imperative to restructure the way of doing business in Kosovo in order to revolutionize and build
sustainable solutions for various sectors. From the findings, it can be concluded that although
there are numerous policies in place and objectives to be achieved by the government, such
concepts only exist on paper since they will never be executed. Due to a lack of monitoring
methods, even the small proportion of effective policies or any conducted activity for the benefit
of the startup is not recognized or examined. There are also other challenges with startups, such
as gender disparities, youth potential, level of education, lack of incentive and training programs,
access to capital, and political framework. The quantitative data collected from the survey
questions was used to discuss the last two in greater depth. It was determined that access to
financing is partially problematic, and that governmental actions are insufficient or ineffective
not work in favor of new businesses. Such a problem could be overcome by encouraging and
motivating people promoting a more active startup culture.
In the study entitled "Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Unified
Perspective for Creation of Sustainable Business Models" conducted by Evan (2017), it stated in
the study that because there aren't enough case studies, it's difficult for businesses to figure out
how to innovate their business models, identify and design alternatives, then evaluate and choose
the best one. When considering business model innovations for sustainability, the complexity of
determining how to assess the impact of the sustainability innovations and understanding their
effects on the entire business network increases. The goal of the paper is to present a unified
perspective for SBM innovation that leads to improved organizational economic, environmental,
and social performance. The paper proposes a conceptual foundation for experimentation and
highlights the advantages of using simulation to design and evaluate business model innovation
alternatives.
Synthesis of the State-Of-The-Art
The study of Urabe (1988) that cited in the study of Kogabayev (2017) tack uiled that the
new customers perception of demands is a new strategy to generate a fresh idea that can use to
develop marketable product or new process during implementation.
The study “Linking National Culture and Product Innovation Performance” (2016)
proved that culture has a big impact regarding to a successful innovation and its design
implementation that affects product and service innovation performance. That is why innovators
should implement task-oriented leadership practices to reduce the negative impact of cultural
structure.
Dijksterhuis (2016) states in his study that majority of people in the FMCG and food
industry agrees that failure rate of new product launches is too far high. Some people concluded
that the result failures represent a law of nature although it is not. Rather, counsel's innovators to
invest enough time and funds in their project that initially shows up a problem during the start of
development.
The study “Implementing New Business Model: What challenges Lies Ahead” (2018)
answered the question “What strategic choices do business executives make when deploying new
business models?”. To answer that, during their innovation process they discover that there are
some strategic tradeoffs, these are: the requirement for efficiency, and the need for exploration.
According to the study of “Theory of New Product Development and Its Applications”
by Gurbuz (2018) states that developing and innovating new products is a difficult task,
especially for small and medium-sized businesses. A greater vulnerability to risk is associated
with fewer resources and structural traits. SMEs have poor financial foundations and limited
access to resources when compared to larger businesses.
The study of Elsevier (2018) mentioned that product and service innovation is the
creation of new product and services, or the replacement of one product or service with another.
According to the study “Difficulties Faced by College Students in Innovation and
Entrepreneurship and Its Countermeasures” by Kong et. al (2019), college students'
psychological preparedness may not entirely fulfil the requirements of being an entrepreneurship.
Although many college students aspire to become an entrepreneur, they will surely encounter
many difficulties along the process in establishing a business, therefore only a small percentage
succeed in becoming a business owner.
In the study of Sopjani (2019), it analyzes the entrepreneurship environment through
specifically focusing on startups and innovation infrastructure in Kosovo. It comes out that
access to financing is partially problematic, and that governmental actions are insufficient or
ineffective to work in favor of new businesses. But other problems could be overcome by
encouraging and motivating people in promoting a more active startup culture.
The study "Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Unified Perspective
for Creation of Sustainable Business Models" by Evan (2017) concluded that there aren't enough
case studies, therefore it's difficult for businesses to figure out how to innovate, identify, then
evaluate their business models and choose the best one. The goal of the study is to present a mix
perspective of SBM innovation; therefore, the study proposes a conceptual foundation to
experiment and highlight the advantages of using different designs and evaluation for business
model.
Gap Bridge by the Study
Through a literature review, the researchers have already discovered the importance of
innovation and the difficulties that they may encounter during implementation. However, in the
previous literature studies, they haven’t mentioned any data about implementing innovation
success rate. They are unsure whether the product is marketable and will last for a long period of
time or whether it will last right after the submission of requirements in the entrepreneurship
subject. This research will also look for the; need and wants of the customers factors, demand
factor, and competitiveness of the product factor. And now, based on the researcher's evaluation
of related literature, the questionnaire survey that the researchers will conduct will act as the
bridge from our previous study to the latest study.
Theoretical Framework
The researchers use the theory of “Schumpeter’s Innovation Theory of Profit” by
Schumpeter to support this study. According to this theory innovation refers to any new strategy
that an entrepreneur implements in order to decrease overall production costs or increase
demands for its products. Moreover, entrepreneurs can make profit by introducing successful
innovations. In other words, the innovation theory of profit asserts that an entrepreneur's primary
function is to introduce innovations, and that profit is given in the form of a reward for their
efforts.
However, innovation can be divided into two categories: the first includes all operations
that reduce overall production costs, such as the introduction of a new method or technique of
production, the introduction of new equipment, new techniques of business development, and so
on. All operations that increase the demand for a product are included in the second category of
innovation. Launching new commodities or high-quality items, developing, or creating a new
market, discovering new raw material sources, introducing a new product variety or design, and
so on.
Products are introduced to the market to meet consumer wants that is always changing,
but consumer needs stay constant. A product, whether it is a real object or a service, should be
functional and add value to the customer's life. It should also be offered in a preferred manner by
the customer. The success of the newly produced product would be determined by the
effectiveness of the planning and implementation of the new product lunch.
Furthermore, if an entrepreneur's innovation is successful in decreasing the overall cost of
production or increasing demand for his product, he can gain a profit. Unfortunately, Profits are
often earned in a shorter period as competitors copy the innovation, causing the innovation to
lose its uniqueness. For example, the entrepreneur had a monopoly on the market because his
innovation was limited to himself, resulting in higher earnings. However, when others imitated
the idea, the profits began to decrease. If a law allows an entrepreneur to patent his innovation,
the entrepreneur can avoid other competitors imitating his idea so that he can earn higher profits
for longer period.
In connection to the study, Schumpeter’s Theory proves that innovation is not that easy to
implement and that an entrepreneurs will still face challenges and will undergo through
processes to achieve their desired goals for them. This theory provide knowledge about the
importance of innovation to fulfill the wants of consumers. In this theory, it plays a huge part in
the implementation to make it functional and for the business to survive in the market, which is
the theory of profit that focuses on the gains of the business.

Schumpeter’s Innovation Theory of Profit
Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12

Accountancy, Business, and
Management Students During Business
Plan Implementation
Figure 1
Theoretical Paradigm
Conceptual Framework
This IV- DV framework model illustrates the overview and summary of ideas of this
study. It holds together the ideas comprising a broad concept.
The first part of this framework classifies the two innovation variables, which are the
product and service. This two variables is connected to the business plan followed by
implementation where the financial, production, marketing, and human resources variables are
combined to be linked into the different difficulties encountered during business plan
implementation by grade 12 Accountancy Business and Management variable. The last part is
consists of the quality outcome of the products or services that the students implemented after
they encountered the different difficulties during the whole process of their business plan
implementation.
Figure 2
Conceptual Paradigm
Notes
Talin, B. (2021). Innovation – Definition, Innovation Types and Meaning. MoreThanDigital.
Retrieved November 26, 2021, from httpzs://morethandigital.info/en/innovation-
definition-innovation-types-and-meaning/
Krippendorff, K. (2017). A Brief History of Innovation . . . and Its Next Evolution -. Retrieved
November 25, 2021, from https://kaihan.net/brief-history-innovation-next-evolution/
Rao, S. (2019). Service Innovation and Design – MadAboutGrowth. Retrieved December 1,
2021, from https://medium.com/madaboutgrowth/service-innovation-and-design-
7217e38afa5d
Dhargalkar, K., Shinde, K., & Arora, Y. (2016). A universal new product development and
upgradation framework. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 5(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0055-7
Borowski, P. F. (2021). Innovation strategy on the example of companies using bamboo.

Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://innovation-
entrepreneurship.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13731-020-00144-2
Risk and its impact on innovation. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2021, from
https://innovationcloud.com/blog/risk-and-its-impact-on-innovation.html?
fbclid=IwAR23603lfWq1rMfnKYaQkckr1SjHEzW62p8lBI0ecCgspUpG1JJMAjeup1w
Hengsberger, A. (n.d.). 4 reasons why innovations fail. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://www.lead-innovation.com/english-blog/why-innovations-fail
Staff, G. (n.d.). The Context for Entrepreneurial Innovation. GEM Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor. Retrieved November 19, 2021, from https://gemconsortium.org/news/The
%20Context%20for%20Entrepreneurial%20Innovation
Ingaldi, M., & Ulewicz, R. (2019). Problems with the Implementation of Industry 4.0 in
Enterprises from the SME Sector. Sustainability, 12(1), 217.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010217
Dalum, M. (2021). The 5 Biggest Challenges to Strategy Implementation. Retrieved December

3, 2021, from https://acadal.com/the-5-biggest-challenges-to-strategy-implementation/
Elsevier, B. V. (2018). Product, service, and business model innovation: A discussion. Science
Direct. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351978918301422/pdf?
md5=5354f939c7d515e6f2bdc59903d26205&pid=1-s2.0-S2351978918301422-main.pdf
Kogabayev, T., & Maziliauskas, A. (2017). The definition and classification of innovation.
Retrieved November 25, 2021, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318180953_The_definition_and_classification_
of_innovation
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature,
Administration and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019), 94. Published.
https://doi.org/10.2991/jahp-19.2019.132
International journal of business and management. (2016). Linking National Culture and Product
Innovation Performance: What Really Influences the Interplay, Strategy Formulation Or
Implementation Effectiveness?, 11(2), 184–185. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n2p184
Dijksterhuis, G. (2016). Fostering novelty while reducing failure: Balancing the twin challenges
of product innovation. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162515002589
Implementing new business models: What challenges lie ahead? (2018). Retrieved December 2,
2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000768131830034X
Gurbuz, E. (2018). Theory of New Product Development and Its Applications. Retrieved
December 15, 2021, from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/59751
Sopjani, X. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities for Startup Innovation and Entrepreneurship as
tools towards a knowledge-based economy: The Case of Kosovo. Retrieved December 2,
2021, from https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/10215/
Evans, S. (2017). Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Unified Perspective
for Creation of Sustainable Business Models. Retrieved December 18, 2021, from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bse.1939
CHAPTER 3
Research Design and Methodology
This chapter will discuss the methods that we used to gather data for the research
problems. The research methodology is organized into following sections; research design,
source of data, respondents of the study, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and the
statistical tools.
Research Design
In this study, the researchers will use a descriptive comparative research design using a
survey questionnaire. Descriptive research design is the method use to describes the
characteristics of the variables under a study McCombes (2020). While the comparative research
design is use to compare two groups of people in order to identify and analyze similarities and
differences between groups Richardson (2018). The descriptive method will use to identify the
type of innovation of the respondents, product, and service classification, as well as to identify
the level of difficultness experienced by 12 Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM)
students of batch S.Y. 2019-2020 during their implementation of business plan.
Source of Data
Primary and secondary data sources will be used in this study. The result from the
questionnaire prepared by the researchers conducted through survey will be the primary source
of data. On the contrary, the e-journals, articles, and websites that the researchers presented in
related literature and studies will serve as the second data source of this study.
Respondents of the Study
The researchers considered the total population of Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and
Management (ABM) strand graduates of S.Y 2020-2021 in Mabini Colleges Inc. as the
respondents of this study. The researchers had come up with a total population of the selected
students who have already gone through the difficulties of developing a business plan and
putting it into action will be used.
Research Instrument
The researchers utilized the survey questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument of
this study. The survey questionnaire for the respondents is composed of classification, and Likert
scale questions that will help the researchers discover the different difficulties faced by Grade 12
ABM students.
The questionnaire is divided into two (2) parts. The first part seeks for the classification
of the respondent's proposed innovation. The last part was made to reveal which part of the
implementation process the respondents struggled with. In this part the researchers use a 5 points
Likert scale that will be used to discover the different difficulties during implementation in terms
of financial, production, marketing, and human resources. Varying from 1= Never, 2= Rarely,
3=Sometimes, 4= Often, and 5= Always.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher created a few questions for our pre-selected respondents. The questions
are constructed using the Likert scale, which is a five-point scale. The choices range from never
to always. The questionnaire is distributed to our valuable respondents after our research adviser
has examined and approved the questionnaire to be distributed. The 100 respondents will be the
Accountancy, Business, and Management students of Mabini College's school year 2020-2021.
After collecting all the data, the researchers tabulated the data gathered from the
questionnaire, and the result will serve as the primary source of data. On the other hand, articles
and e-journals that are related to this topic serve as a secondary source of data. But before using
those papers and e-journals, the researchers made sure they were relevant.
Statistical Tools
To tabulate the data acquired, that researchers will apply the following quantitative
statistic method:
Frequency Count. also known as tally, is a method of determining how many people fall
into a certain group or how many times a particular trait happens. Both absolute (actual number)
and relative (%) totals are used to make this computation. The table displays the rate or count of
comparing the level within a certain group or range. It will be utilize to determine and compare
the gathered data.
Percentage. According to the article “Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods”
(2010) percentage are represented by % and are calculated by dividing the frequency in the
category by the total number of participants and multiplying by 100 percent. This will use to the
first research question which is about the respondents' demographic.
Weighted Mean. This is calculated by multiplying each data point in a set by a value
given by some feature of whatever contributed to the data item. When given a series of effect
sizes, the researcher could weight each one according to the sample size for that particular study.
This type of averaging is especially useful when dealing with demographics and population size.
This will be use to ensure that the end product reflects a more balanced and equal interpretation.
Anova Test. This stands for analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is an analysis tool used in
statistics that tests the relationship between a categorical and numerical variable by testing the
difference between two or more means. It is used in the study to test the difference of hardship
encountered between the students who implement product or service. The test determined if the
relationship of the two is significant or not.

Notes
McCombes, S. (2020). Descriptive research. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
Richardson, H. (2018). Characteristics of a Comparative Research Design. Retrieved December
10, 2021, from https://classroom.synonym.com/characteristics-comparative-research-
design-8274567.html
Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. (2010). Reference Reviews, 24(1), 26–27.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09504121011011879
Weighted Mean - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Retrieved December 5, 2021, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/mathematics/weighted-mean
CHAPTER 4
During Business Plan Implementation
Results and Discussion
This chapter present the findings and their interpretation based on the main objectives of
the study which were to find out what are the different difficulties encountered by Grade 12
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) Students during business plan implementation
and propose measures to avoid possible difficulties that upcoming ABM students might
encounter in the future.
Profile of Respondents Based on Product Offerings
This table present the data of the profile of respondents, it was recognized based on the
respondents’ type of product offerings, and capitalization.
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents based on Types of Product Offered
Type of Product Frequency Count Percentage (%)

Convenience Goods 64 80
Shopping Goods 16 20
Total 80 100%
The data gathered in table 1 showed the profile of the respondents which is divided into
two classifications, the product type and the capitalization. There are 80 Grade 12 Accountancy
business and management students who responded. In the product type, 64 of the respondents
implement convenient products. 16 of them implement shopping goods.
The results showed that most of the respondents used convenient product in their
Implementation. The reason could be it is easier to produce and it is inexpensive product that
requires a minimum amount of effort on the part of the consumer in order to select and purchase
it. While the shopping goods require more thought and planning before purchasing it than the
convenient products.
Convenience products are items that buyers want to purchase with the least amount of
effort, that is, as conveniently as possible. Most are non-durable products of low value that are
frequently purchased in small quantities “Consumer and Business Products.” (2022) According
to Elsevier (2019), Shopping products required much more than communication. It requires
much more planning than a regular convenient product.
Profile of Respondents Based on Capitalization
Table 2
Distribution of Respondents based on Capitalization

Starting Capital Frequency Count Percentage (%)
1000 below 40 50
1001 - 2000 24 30
2001 - 3000 11 14
More than 3000 5 6
Total 80 100%
The gathered data in table 2 revealed the profile of respondents based on their business
starting capital. Table 2 shows that 50% of the respondents or total of 40 students has 1,000
pesos below as their starting capital for their business. While, 30% of them with the total of 24
students started their business with estimated capital of 1,001 to 2000 pesos. Followed by 2,001
to 3,000 pesos with total of 11 responses with 14% percent rate, and the last is the more than
3,000 pesos with the total of 5 responses and 6% rate.
The table further revealed that half of the respondents starts their business with 1,000
pesos below as their starting capital. Most of the groups who spent least of capital used
convenient goods. Selling convenient goods could be has lower capitalization than the other type
of product. While most of the groups who spent higher capital used shopping goods in their
product implementation.
(J Hohler) 2021, In their model, they assume that only high risks but also low market
capitalization and high book-to-market values are associated with higher return.
Table 3
Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Financial
Indicators Weighted Verbal Interpretation

Mean
1. Pooling funds 3.43 Sometimes
2. Budgeting 3.59 Often
3. Preparing financial statement 3.65 Often
4. Recording financial statement 3.24 Sometimes
5. Unexpected expenses 3.68 Often
6. Allocating funds 3.78 Often
7. Capital accumulation 3.58 Often
8. Raising enough capital 3.58 Sometimes
9. Liquidity 3.05 Sometimes
10. Mixing personal and business funds 3.78 Often
Weighted Mean 3.53 Often
Legend: 1.00 - 1.80 (Never) 1.90 – 2.60 (Rarely) 2.70 – 3.40 (Sometimes) 3.50 – 4.20 (Often) 4.30 – 5.00 (Always)
Table 3 shows the data gathered of the difficulties encountered of students in
implementing their business in terms of financial. All indicators range from 2.50 to 3.90
weighted mean. The average weighted mean is 2.50 interpret as often in verbal interpretation.
As presented by the table, it shows that indicator number 6 and 10 which are the
Allocating Funds and Mixing Personal and Business funds with 3.78 weighted mean and has a
verbal interpretation of Often rated with the highest weighted among all of the indicator. While,
indicator number 9 which is Liquidity with 3.05 weighted mean and interpret as Sometimes rated
with the lowest weighted mean among all of the indicators. These shows that most of the
students often encounters difficulties in terms of allocation of their funds and mixing their
personal into their business funds. However, based on the result of the table, it reveals that
students are often encounter different difficulties in terms of financial. This means students are
struggling on handling their finances.
Commingling business and personal funds is a risky practice that makes it difficult to
monitor cash flow and could ultimately damage the value of a company. Auditors, whether from
the government or an internal audit, will see this as a big red flag Beaver (2020). As stated to
Beers (2020) Budgeting helps the business owners to determine if they still have enough money
so personal and business funds won’t mix.
Table 4
Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Production

Mean
1. Purchasing raw materials 3.43 Often
2. Meeting the product standard quality 3.71 Often
3. Acquiring quality production 3.58 Sometimes
equipment
4. Acquiring quality production tools 3.33 Sometimes
5. Acquiring quality production 3.08 Sometimes
packaging
6. Consistency of product quality 3.80 Sometimes
7. Time management in terms of 3.83 Sometimes
production
8. Meeting the standard quality of 3.51 Sometimes
service
9. Skills capacity of crew/staff 3.58 Sometimes
10. Managing production crew/staff 3.34 Often
Weighted Mean 3.52 Often
Table 4 illustrates the difficulties encountered by the ABM students in terms of
production. According to the respondents, the 1st indicator was often encountered by the
respondents and had a weighted mean of 3.43. The 2nd indicator has a weighted mean of 3.71
and is often encountered. The 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th, indicators are sometimes encountered by the
respondents that range from the weighted mean of 3.08 to 3.80. The 7th indicator is sometimes
encountered and has the highest weighted mean of 3.83. The 7 th and 8th indicators are sometimes
encountered and have the weighted mean of 3.51 and 3.58. while the 10 th indicator is often
encountered and has a weighted mean of 3.34.
According to the data revealed, more than half of the respondents sometimes encountered
these difficulties in terms of production. That was revealed in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and
9th indicators, while the 1st, 2nd, and 10th indicators were often encountered. The 7th Indicator
has the highest weighted mean, which is time management in terms of production. Since there
are still some school activities that need to be submitted, their implementation time will also be
consumed and will lessen. There are also times that some of the members will not be present
when creating the product, and it can affect the production since there will be a lack of
manpower. On the other hand, the lowest weighted mean is 5 th Indicator, which represents
Acquiring quality production packaging. Acquiring quality production packaging is not that
difficult. It is very simple. Simple packaging is enough. It does not need to be flashy as long as
the product is safe.

According to the study of Asif iqbal malik and biswajit Sarkar(2020), Disruption in
production systems can happen at any point during the production process. Without a plan in
place to recover from such disruptions, the company could suffer significant financial and
reputational damage. Furthermore, defective manufacturing lines are widespread in the real
world and have a significant impact on a company's profit and loss.
Table 5
Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Marketing

Mean
1. Branding 2.80 Sometimes
2. Price and costing 3.34 Sometimes
3. Planning of marketing strategy 3.65 Often
4. Execution of the strategy 3.81 Often
5. Managing online business accounts 2.85 Sometimes
6. Promoting 3.70 Often
7. Approaching customers 3.55 Sometimes
8. Dealing with customers behavior 2.74 Sometimes
9. Reaching customers' expectations 3.51 Sometimes
10. Generating advertisement from 3.66 Often
different social media platforms
Weighted Mean 3.36 Sometimes
Table 5 presents the data gathered, taken from the respondent’s responses to the
questionnaire. Its shows the difficulties encountered by ABM students in terms of marketing. To
elaborate, the first and second indicators show that the respondents sometimes encountered these
difficulties with their weighted mean of 2.80 and 3.34. The 3rd and 4th indicators were often
encountered by the respondents with their weighted mean of 3.65 and 3.81. The fifth indicator
was sometimes encountered with its weighted mean of 2.85. The 6th indicator was the
difficulties that were often encountered by the respondents, with a weighted mean of 3.70. The
7th, 8th, and 9th indicators were the difficulties that were sometimes encountered by the
respondents' and had a weighted mean of 3.55, 2.74, and 3.51. And the 10th indicator was often
encountered with its weighted mean of 3.66. The weighted mean is 3.36, and when it comes to
verbal interpretation, we can see that most of the answers are sometimes.
Based on the results from the data gathered, it shows that most of the respondents
sometimes encountered these difficulties but not often in terms of marketing, which is shown in
the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 8th, and 9th indicators, which all of the respondents answered sometimes.
While the 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 10th indicators indicated that these are the difficulties that are often
encountered by the respondents. The indicator with the highest weighted mean is the fourth
indicator, which is the execution of the strategy. This is because most respondents have a great
plan or strategy in their business plan, but when it comes to execution, this is where the problems
occur. While the 8th indicator, which deals with customer behavior, has the lowest weighted
mean, respondents had less difficulty dealing with their customers' behavior. This conclusion is
based on the high average of responses from the survey. This could be interpreted to mean that
the difficulties encountered by the respondents in terms of marketing were not often compared to
other business functions. Marketing is crucial for many businesses to sell products or services
and obtain new clients. If you have a business or want to start one, it's a good idea to think about
the challenges you might face.
Marketing is an important part of business; it is an excellent strategy that helps businesses
thrive. Customer interaction is at the heart of any successful business. An organization must use
marketing strategies and concepts to maintain long relationships with customers and deliver on
the organization's promise to customers (Auh et al.,2012). Also, companies use the marketing
concept to acquire information from customers in order to make strategic decisions about what
products to market, where to market them, and how to get them to market, at what price, as well
as how to connect with customers. (Marshall & Johnston, Relationship Selling and Sales
Management, 2005).
Table 6
Difficulties Encountered in Terms of Human Resources

Mean
1. Initiative of crew/staff 3.34 Sometimes

2. Dealing with workload pressure 3.60 Often
3. Productivity 3.16 Sometimes
4. Production skills of the crew/staff 2.89 Sometimes
5. Time management between 3.48 Sometimes
academic responsibility
6. Skills capacity of crew/staff 2.79 Sometimes
7. Workload 3.55 Often
8. Crew/staff shifting 3.43 Sometimes
9. Availability of crew/staff 3.00 Sometimes
10. Creating designs 2.68 Sometimes
Weighted Mean 3.19 Sometimes
Table 6 shows the data gathered from the respondent’s responses to the survey
questionnaire. This indicates the difficulties encountered by the ABM students in human
resources. To elaborate, the 2nd and the 7th indicators are the difficulties that are often
encountered by the respondents with their weighted mean 3.60 and 3.55. The 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 8th, 9th and 10th are the problems that are sometimes encountered by the respondents with
their weighted mean of 3.34, 3.16, 2.89, 3.48, 2.79, 3.43, 3.00, 2.68 and 3.19.
Based on the gathered data, it indicates that most of the problems in human resources are
sometimes encountered except for the 2nd and 7th indicators which are labeled as often
experienced. Which means the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10 th were sometimes
encountered.
According to Robert Half, human resources have a wide range of responsibilities and
charge with handling all types of personnel issues. Human resources provide foundation for a
well-staffed and smartly managed company. there is less struggle here compared to other
resources for it bases on the employees to be hired and their skills.
Table 7
Anova Testing for Type of Product

Source of Sum of Mean
Variation Square Square
df F P-value F crit
Between 0.0147074 1 0.0147074 0.6356053 0.4556892 5.9873776
Group
Within 0.1388351 6 0.0231392

Group
Total 0.1535425 7
The type of product of the students has no significant affects with the difficulties that
they encountered during their business plan implementation F(1,6) = 0.63, p = 0.45.
Therefore, it didn’t reject the null hypothesis. This means that the type of products of the
students has nothing to do with the difficulties they encountered.
Product classification organizes products into four categories based mostly on consumer
buying behavior, similarity to competing brands, and price range. Classifying products helps
marketable develop strategies that target consumers specific needs Tylo (2019).
Table 8
Summary of Anova Test for Type of Product
Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Row 1 4 13.73125 3.4328125 0.0271549
Row 2 4 13.388235 3.3470588 0.0191234
`Table 8 shows the summary result of Anova testing for the type of product. This table
present two indicators that represents the two types of products which are the convenience
product and shopping product which is originally has four type of product. Based on the data
presented on this table, it shows that Row 1 has the highest average of 3.4328125 rate while Row
2 has the lowest average rate of 3.3470588.
Therefore, the data gathered in this table reveals that majority of respondents employed a
convenient product in their implementation. The reason could be that it is easier to create and a
low-cost product that requires little effort on the side of the consumer to pick and acquire. While
shopping items necessitate more thought and planning before purchase than convenient products.
Convenience products are items that buyers want to purchase with the least a mount of
effort, that is, as conveniently as possible. Most are non-durable products of low value that are
frequently purchased in small quantities “Consumer and Business Products.” (2022) According
to Elsevier (2019), Shopping products required much more than communication. It requires
much more planning than a regular convenient product.
Table 9
Anova Testing for Capitalization
Source of Sum of Mean

Variation Square Square
df F P-value F crit
Between 0.6304219 3 0.2101406 5.5550701 0.0126288 3.4902948
Group
Within 0.4539434 12 0.0378286

Group
Total 1.0843653 15
The Anova testing result for capitalization reveals that the capitalization of students had
significant affect with the difficulties they encountered during their business plan
implementation F(3,12) = 5.55, p = 0.012.
Therefore, it rejected the null hypothesis and we accept the alternative hypothesis that
there is a significant difference between the difficulties encountered by students based on the
profile of respondents in terms of capitalization.
Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx defined capital as value that brings added value.
K. Marx noted that capital is a tool, and raw materials and material products, and a
certain amount of goods and livelihoods. In addition, he wrote that capital is not a thing, but a
production relation, and therefore considered it as an instrument of exploitation of hired labor
Pronko (2021).
Table 10
Summary of Anova Test for Capitalization
Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Row 1 4 13. 535 3.38375 0.0194062
Row 2 4 13.691667 3.4229167 0.0482002
Row 3 4 12.745455 3.1863636 0.0183747
Row 4 4 14.96 3.74 0.0653333
Table 10 shows the summary result of Anova testing for the capitalization. This table
contains the four indicators which are the Row 1, Row 2, Row, 3, and Row 4. Based on the data
presented in this table, it shows that Row 2 has the highest average of 3.4229167 while Row 1
has the lowest average of 3.38375. However, Row 3 has almost the same average with Row 2,
with the average of 3.1863636.
Therefore, the data clearly shows that respondents with a small business starting capital
of 1001-2000 to 2001–3000 thousand pesos are the ones who frequently face implementation
challenges. Respondents with a beginning capital of more than 3000 thousand pesos are next.
While the majority of respondents who indicated 1000 thousand or less as their starting capital
are the ones that rarely experience difficulties during implementation. It means that a lower
starting capital equates to a lower risk of facing difficulties.
(J Hohler) 2021, It was said in the study that high capital and high market price are
associated with increases in financing costs and high risk. They assume that not only high risks
but also low market capitalization and high book to market values are associated with higher
return.
Research Output
According to the research in titled “’Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy,
Business and Management Students During Business Plan Implementation” ABM students
struggles during implementation of their business with some specific situation in terms of
Financial, Production, Marketing, and Human Resources.
The researchers will be making a booklet for Grade12 Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM) students of Mabini Colleges INC., that will serve as the research output of
this study. The booklet will guide the ABM students to avoid possible difficulties that they may
encounter during their business plan implementation in the future. This booklet will make you
prepared and organized to handle those possible difficulties during your actual implementation.
This will provide you some tips and solutions on how to deal with those difficulties.
If you were an upcoming Grade 12 ABM student then you should take time to read this
even more to be aware of those possible difficulties during business plan implementation and
learn the ways to counter those difficulties.
The materials that will be used to produce this research output will be contributed by the
researchers such as planning, booklet making and printing.

CHAPTER 5
Summary, Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter contains the discussion of the findings of the study, as well as the
conclusions gleaned from them. Recommendations are likewise forwarded herein, towards the
application of said findings.
Summary
The primary objective of this research was to identify the different difficulties that Grade
12 Accountancy, Business, and Management students commonly encountered during business
plan implementation. This study used the descriptive comparative research design and utilized
the survey questionnaire for data gathering. This tool used to collect the data of the total
population of the respondents. The total population of Grade 12 ABM students of School Year.
2021-2022 was the respondents of this study. This study was conducted during the school year of
2021-2022.
Findings
Analysis of the data gathered from Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management
produced the following findings:
A. Type of product offered
Out of the 80 Grade 12 Accountancy business and management students who responded,
64 of them implement convenient products. 16 of the respondents implement shopping goods.

B. Capitalization
In the 80 students who responded, 40 students answered 1 which is equivalent to 1000
pesos and below capital used in their implementation. 24 students who responded 2, equivalent
to 1001 to 2000 pesos capital. Followed by the 11 students who answered 2001 to 3000 pesos
capital . And lastly the 5 students who answered 3000 pesos and above capital.
C. Financial
In terms of finances, the majority of the respondents answered that allocating funds and
mixing personal and business funds were the most frequent difficulties they encountered, which
is consistent with the verbal interpretation. This indicates that ABM students are having
difficulty with it.
D. Production
Most of the respondents answered they sometimes encounter these difficulties in terms of
production and have the highest weighted mean which is consistency of product quality and time
management in terms of production. The rest have an average of 3.08 to 3.58. On the other hand,
there are three difficulties often encountered: purchasing raw material, meeting the product
standard quality, and managing production crew/staff.
E. Marketing
According to the respondents, the most commonly encountered difficulty is the execution
of the strategy, which has the highest weighted mean and is often encountered, while the 3 rd, 6th,
and 10th indicators are also often encountered. On the other hand, 1 st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 8th, and 9th
indicators are sometimes encountered that have an average weighted mean of 2.74 to 3.55. This
could be interpreted to mean that the difficulties encountered by the respondents in terms of
marketing were not often compared to other business functions. Marketing is crucial for many
businesses to sell products or services and obtain new clients.
F. Resources
The respondents said that dealing with workload pressure and workload are the most
often difficulties they encounter and have a weighted mean of 3.60 and 3.55. The rest are
sometimes encountered.
based on the profile of the respondents??
There is no significant difference between the difficulties encountered by the
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students and their product and service
offerings.
Conclusions
Based on the Findings, the following conclusions were reached:
According to the statistics gathered on the respondent’s profile. The respondent’s
responses that they sometimes encounter difficulties in terms of production, which is in
consistency in quality and time management in production. ABM students less struggle in
dealing with human resources and only find it difficult to deal with workload pressure but the
rest indicators were rated as sometimes. Most of the difficult they encountered was in execution
of the strategy which is in Marketing. In terms of Financial Resources, the difficulties here is
allocating funds and mixing personal and business funds. Capitalization as well is not an
exemption for it is essential to implement the chosen business idea, it is difficult and important to
have a fund to start a business.
Recommendations
The researchers make the following recommendations for Grade 12 ABM students of
Mabini Colleges, Inc. who are experiencing difficulties during business plan implementation:
Identify the problems that could hinder the business plan's implementation. Examine
the outcomes and performances, both successful and failures, of previous implementation. This
would help the Grade 12 ABM students to determine the difficulties that they might face and
find the best alternative ways that could help with their business implementation. Use previous
experience to identify what success looks like. Problems can thus be avoided and solved sooner.
This will help to make the outcome of their implementation successful.
Use the SMART method when developing implementation tasks. SMART is an
acronym that stands for specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound. This
recommendation could help the grade 12 ABM students when creating an implementation plan.
Using this method ensures that they outline realistic tasks and time frames for implementing a
business strategy.
Set clear goals. Grade 12 ABM students must set goals or objectives for their business
plan for its implementation to be successful. It can be difficult to implement the business plan for
getting there if you don't have a clear picture of what you're trying to achieve. The better
prepared you are, the easier it will be to implement.
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APPENDICE
MABINI COLLEGES, INC.

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Flora R. Ibana Campus
Kapt. Isko St., Daet, Camarines Norte
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT
STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
APRIL 3, 2022
ISABELITA F. ZABALA, MBA

DEAN
OFFICE OF THE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTANCY
DAET, CAMARINES NORTE
Dear Respondents,
In view of our Practical Research ll, we respectfully request from you to gather data and information
needed. This connection with our research entitled DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12
ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS, AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION.
We are hoping that this matter will merit your favorable consideration and approval. Thank you.
Respectfully yours,

Group Leader- Researcher
Noted by:

Research Adviser
MA. CONSUELO S. QUINDARA, MAED

Research Coordinator, HS Department
Approved:
ELMER A. DELOS ANGELES, JR. MM

Principal
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Flora R. Ibana Campus
Kapt. Isko St., Daet, Camarines Norte
Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and Management Students During
Business Plan Implementation
An Undergraduate Research Paper Presented to the
Faculty of Mabini Colleges, Inc.
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Subject Practical Research 2

DAYON, Althea Marie T.
VERAN, Mary Joy B.
NANO, Nathalie Nicole Mae C.
OSWAGAN, Rose Ann R.
BENITEZ, Kyrelle Catherine E.
JOSE, Kyla O.
POLIDARIO, John Ryan P.
Grade 12 Pound
December 2021
Statement of the Problem
This study tends to discover the difficulties encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy,
Business, and Management (ABM) students of Mabini Colleges Inc. during their business plan
implementation of their product or service innovation.
Specifically. It will seek answer to the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Type of product offered: and
b. Capitalization?
2. What are the difficulties they encountered during implementation in terms of financial,
production, marketing, and human resources?
3. Is there a significant difference between the difficulties encountered by the ABM students
based on the profile of respondents?
4. What strategies can be proposed to improve their product and service implementation
strategies?
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondents,
Our study entitled Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and
Management Students During Business Plan Implementation” in tends to discover the different
difficulties encountered by the ABM students that affect their products and services outcome
during implementation. Please answer the questions honestly. Rest assured that the results will
be kept confidential.
Thank you.
The Researchers
Part I. Profile of Respondents

1. What type of product do you offer?
Convenience Goods
Shopping Goods
Specialty Products
Unsought Goods
2. How much is your starting capital?
1,000 bellow
1,001-2,000
2,001-3,000
more than 3,000
Part II. Difficulties Encountered by ABM Student in Business Plan Implementation
Instructions: Kindly rate the below statements in a scale of 1-5 depending on your level of

agreement; where:
5 - Always
4 - Often
3 - Sometimes
2 - Rarely
1 - Never
A. FINANCIAL
No. Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
Our group encountered difficulty in…
1 Pooling funds
2 Budgeting.
3 Preparing financial statements
4 Recording financial transactions
5 Unexpected expenses
6 Allocating funds
7 Capital accumulation
8 Raising enough capital
9 Liquidity
10 Mixing personal and business funds
B. PRODUCTION
1 Purchasing raw materials.
2 Meeting the product standard quality
3 Acquiring quality production equipment
4 Acquiring quality production tools
5 Acquiring quality production packaging
6 Consistency of product quality
7 Time management in terms of production
8 Meeting the standard quality of service
9 Skills capacity of crew/staff
10 Managing production crew/staff
C. MARKETING
1 Branding
2 Pricing and costing
3 Planning of marketing strategy
4 Execution of the strategy
5 Managing online business accounts
6 Promoting
7 Approaching customers
8 Dealing with customers behavior
9 Reaching customers expectations
10 Generating advertisement on different social media
platforms
D. HUMAN RESOURCES
1 Initiative of crew/staff
2 Dealing with workload pressure
3 Productivity
4 Production skills of the crew and staff
5 Time management between academic responsible and
business operations
6 Skills Capacity of crew/staff
7 Workload
8 Crew/staff shifting
9 Availability of crew/staff
10 Creating Designs
CURRICULUM VITAE
Althea Marie T. Dayon
Purok 5 Barangay Matacong San Lorenzo Ruiz Camarines

Norte
Educational Attainment
Secondary: Mabini Colleges Inc.
Elementary: Imelda Elementary School
Personal Information
Present Address: P5 Brgy. 5 S.L.R C.N
Cellphone Number: 09477043561
Email Address: altheamariedayon@mabinicolleges.edu.ph
Date of Birth: October 26 2003
Place of Birth: Lumban, Laguna
Gender: Female
Weight: 39
Height: 5’1
Civil status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Name of Father: Arnolfo S. Dayon
Name of Mother: Analayn T. Dayon
Mary Joy B. Veran
Purok 5 Barangay 5 Daet, Camarines Norte
Elementary: Daet Elementary School
Present Address: P5 Brgy. 5 D.C.N
Email Address: maryjoyveran@mabinicolleges.edu.ph
Date of Birth: December 8, 2003
Place of Birth: Daet, Camarines Norte
Gender: Female
Weight: 39
Height: 5’1
Name of Father: Abelardo S. Vesran
Name of Mother: Lourdes B. Veran
Kyla O. Jose
San Roque St. Pob. Sur, Paracale Camarines Norte
Secondary: Paracale National High School
Paracale Camarines Norte
Elementary: Paracale Elementary Schools
Paracale Camarines Norte
Present Address: San Roque St. Pob. Sur, PCN
Email Address: kylajose@mabinicolleges.edu.ph
Date of Birth: December 10, 2003
Place of Birth: San Miguel Bulacan
Gender: Female
Weight: 48
Height: 5’3
Name of Father: Eduardo C. Jose
Name of Mother: Ma. Cristina Jose
Rose Ann R. Oswagan
Purok 6 Barangay Bagasbas Daet, Camarines Norte
Secondary: Vicente L. Basit Memorial High
School
Elementary: Bagasbas Daet Camarines Norte
Present Address: P6 Brgy. Bagasbas D.C.N
Email Address: roseannoswagan@mabinicolleges.edu.ph
Date of Birth: May 3, 2003
Place of Birth: Daet, Camarines Norte
Gender: Female
Weight: 40
Height: 5’1
NoReligion: Roman Catholic
Name of Father: Rodolfo P. Oswagan
Name of Mother: Clarina R. Oswagan
John Ryan P. Polidario
Purok 6 Barangay Bagasbas Daet, Camarines Norte
Elementary: Bagasbas Elementary School
Present Address: P6 Brgy. Bagasbas D.C.N
Email Address: johnryanpolidario@mabinicolleges.edu.ph
Date of Birth: February 1, 2003
Place of Birth: Daet Camarines Norte
Gender: Male
Weight: 50
Height: 5’7
Name of Father: Roberto I. Polidario
Name of Mother: Emelita P. Polidario
Kyrelle Catherine E. Benitez
Purok 1 Barangay Mabilo 1, Labo Camarines Norte
Elementary: Burdeos Central Quezon
Present Address: P1 Brgy Mabilo 1, L. C.N
Email Address: kyrellecatherinebenitez@mabinicolleges.edu.ph
Date of Birth: October 27, 2003
Place of Birth: Antipolo City
Gender: Female
Weight: 45
Height: 5’1
Name of Father: Unknown
Name of Mother: Marilou B. Abenalis
Nathalie Nicole Mae C. Nano
Purok 1 Barangay Malatap, Labo, Camarines Norte

Elementary: Malatap Elementary School
Present Address: P1 Brgy. Malatap
L.C.N
Email Address: nathalienicolenano@mabinicolleges.edu.ph
Date of Birth: May 9, 2004
Place of Birth: Malatap, Labo, Camarines Norte
Gender: Female
Weight: 47
Height: 5’0
Name of Father: Judie R. Nano
Name of Mother: Mary Jane H. Calzada

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DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY BUSINESS AND

MANAGEMENT STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

DAYON, ALTHEA MARIE T.

VERAN, MARY JOY B.

NANO, NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C.

OSWAGAN, ROSE ANN R.

BENITEZ, KYRELLE CATHERINE E.

POLIDARIO, JOHN RYAN P.

MANAGEMENT STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

An Undergraduate Thesis presented to the

Faculty of Senior High school Department

Mabini Colleges Inc, Daet, Camarines Norte

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the subject

Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion

DAYON, ALTHEA MARIE T.

VERAN, MARY JOY B.

NANO, NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C.

OSWAGAN, ROSE ANN R.

BENITEZ, KYRELLE CATHERINE E.

GAIL D. ABASOLO, MBA

GAIL D. ABASOLO RICO D. PACALA

ACCEPTED and APPROVED for ORAL EXAMINATION

ELMER A. DELOS ANGELES, JR., MM

Principal, High School Department

Thesis: Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management

Students During Business Plan Implementation

Venue: Mabini Colleges, Inc.

High School Department

Daet, Camarines Norte

Date: May, 2022

This is to certify that ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON, MARY JOY B. VERAN,

ORAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE: ACTION

HAROLD ABASOLO MBA (Chairman)

GAIL D. ABASOLO, MBA (Secretary)

RICO D. PACALA (Member)

CERTIFICATION OF THE SECRETARY

GAIL D. ABASOLO, MBA

This thesis entitled “ Difficulties Encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy, Business

proper credit is given in subsequent written or published work.

ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON

MARY JOY B. VERAN

NATHALIE NICOLE MAE C. NANO

ROSE ANN R. OSWAGAN

KYRELLE CATHERINE E. BENITEZ

JOHN RYAN P. POLIDARIO

blessings throughout our research work to complete the research successfully.

us is really helpful and important.

take, specifically in Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY BUSINESS AND

ALTHEA MARIE T. DAYON

This study determines the different difficulties encountered by Grade 12 Accountancy,

questions: 1) What is the profile of respondents in terms of: a) Type of product, b)

their business plan implementation?

interpret the results.

begin to implement their findings.

COVER PAGE ………………………………………….. i

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………. ii

RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATON …………….. iii

APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………….. iv

CERTIFICATION OF THE SECRETARY …………………………... v

CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR ……………………………….. vi

AUTHORIZATION PAGE ………………………………………….. vii