NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Hydraulic Engineering
Assignment- Week 1
Number of questions: 12 Total mark: 12 X 1 = 12

QUESTION 1:
A fluid occupies 4 m3. Calculate the specific gravity if the fluid mass is 12 kg.
a. 0.0020
b. 0.0015
c. 0.0030
d. 0.0025

Correct Answer: c. 0.0030

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 12
Detailed Solution: The density of the fluid 𝜌𝑓 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 = = 3 kg/m3. Hence, the specific
𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 4

𝜌 3
gravity 𝑆 = 𝜌 𝑓 = 1000 = 0.0030.
𝑤

QUESTION 2:
The value of 1 stoke in m2/s is -----------------
a. 0.001
b. 0.0001
c. 0.01
d. 0.00001

Correct Answer: b. 0.0001

2
 1  2 4
Detailed Solution: 1 stoke = 1 cm2/s =  m /s = 10 m2/s
 100 
QUESTION 3:
The surface tension of water in contact with air at 20 oC is 0.0865 N/m. The pressure inside the
droplet of water is to be 0.02 N/cm2 greater than the outside pressure. Calculate the diameter
(in m) of the droplet of water.
a. 0.00147
b. 0.00137
c. 0.00157
d. 0.00173

Correct Answer: d. 0.00173

4𝜎 0.02 4×0.0865
Detailed Solution: 𝛥𝑝 = ⇒ (10−2)2 = ⇒ 𝑑 = 0.00173m
𝑑 𝑑

QUESTION 4:
A hydraulic press has a ram of 30 cm diameter and a plunger of 3 cm diameter. It is used for lifting
a weight of 60 kN. Find the force (KN) required at the plunger. (3 decimal places)
a. 0.600
b. 0.675
c. 0.300
d. 0.375

Correct Answer: a. 0.600

Detailed Solution: Let the force at the plunger be F1 . From Pascal’s law, we can write
𝐹1 Weight to be lifted 𝐹1 60000
= ⇒ 2 = 2 ⇒ 𝐹1 = 600N = 0.600 KN
𝐴1 Area of the ram 𝜋×(3×10−2 ) 𝜋×(30×10−2 )
4 4
 QUESTION 5:
The equivalent head of Mercury corresponding to 3 kPa is (Take specific gravity of mercury as
13.6)
a. 1.21 cm
b. 1.47 cm
c. 2.25 cm
d. 2.89 cm

Correct Answer: a. 2.25 cm

Detailed Solution: Let hm be the equivalent height of mercury in mercury column

𝑷 𝟑
𝒉𝒎 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒎 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝜸𝒎 𝟏𝟑. 𝟔 𝑿 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏

QUESTION 6:
Fluids which do not follow the linear relationship between shear stress and rate of deformation
are termed as ........................ fluids.
a. Newtonian
b. Non-Newtonian
c. dilatant
d. ideal

Correct Answer: b. Non-Newtonian

Detailed Solution: A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity,
i.e., constant viscosity independent of stress. In non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity can change when
under force to either more liquid or more solid.
QUESTION 7:
Which of the following is an example of phenomenon of surface tension?
a. Rain drops
b. Rise of sap in a tree
c. Break up of liquid jets
d. All of the above.

Correct Answer: d. All of the above

Detailed Solution: Rain drops, Rise of sap in a tree and Break up of liquid jets are examples of
surface tension phenomenon.

QUESTION 8:
The ratio of the specific weight of the liquid to the specific weight of a standard fluid is known
as
a. specific volume

b. weight density

c. specific gravity

d. viscosity.

Correct Answer: c. specific gravity

Detailed Solution: The ratio of the specific weight of the liquid to the specific weight of a standard
fluid is known as specific gravity.
QUESTION 9:
n
 du 
Shear stress for a general fluid motion is represented by       A . For a Non-Newtonian
 dy 
Dilatant fluid, the value of ‘n’ _______ and ‘A’ _______.

a. n > 1 and A = 0.
b. n = 0 and A = 0.
c. n < 1 and A = 0.
d. n = 1 and A = 0.

Correct Answer: a. n > 1 and A = 0

Detailed Solution: Fluid starts ‘thickening' with increase in its apparent viscosity. Example: starch or
 du 
sand suspension or shear thickening fluid      .
 dy 

QUESTION 10:
The depth of center of pressure for a rectangular lamina of height h and width b immersed vertically
in water with its longest edge vertical and top edge touching the water surface is
ℎ
a.
3
3
b. ℎ
2
2ℎ
c.
3
d. ℎ
2ℎ
Correct Answer: c. 3

bh 3
I h 2h
Detailed Solution: h p  G  h  12  
Ah h 2 3
bh
2
QUESTION 11:
The value of surface tension of an ideal fluid is
a. Zero
b. Unity
c. Infinity
d. More than that of real fluid

Correct Answer: a. Zero

Detailed Solution: The Ideal fluids have zero surface tension but real fluids have some finite value
of surface tension.

QUESTION 12:
Surface tension is expressed in
a. N/m

b. N/m2

c. N2/m

d. N/m3

Correct Answer: a. N/m

Detailed Solution: Surface tension is expressed in units of force per unit length or of energy per unit
area (for instance, N/m or J/m2)

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