NPTEL Online Certification Courses Indian

Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Hydraulic Engineering
Assignment- Week 3

Number of questions: 12 Total mark: 12 X 1 = 12

QUESTION 1:
A submarine fitted with a Pitot tube moves horizontally in sea. Its axis is 12 m below the surface of
water. The Pitot tube fixed in front of the submarine and along its axis is connected to the two limbs
of a U-tube containing mercury, the reading of which is found to be 200 mm. Find the speed of the
submarine. (Take the specific gravity of sea water = 1.025 times fresh water)
a. 6.63 m/s
b. 6.73 m/s
c. 6.83 m/s
d. 6.93 m/s

Correct Answer: d. 6.93 m/s

Detailed Solution: Reading of the manometer, y = 200 mm = 0.2 m of mercury

Sp. gravity of mercury, Shl = 13.6
Sp. gravity of sea water, Sl = 1.025

𝑆
To find the head, (h), using the relation: ℎ = 𝑦 ( 𝑆ℎ𝑙 − 1)
𝑙
we have:
13.6
h = 0.2( − 1) = 2.45 m
1.025

∴ Velocity of the submarine V = √2𝑔ℎ = √2 𝑋 9.81 𝑋2.45 = 6.93 m/s

QUESTION 2:
A Pitot-tube is used for measuring:

a. velocity of flow
b. pressure of flow
c. flow rate
d. total energy

Correct Answer: a. velocity of flow

Detailed Solution: A pitot tube, also known as pitot probe, is a flow measurement device used
to measure fluid flow velocity.

QUESTION 3:
Which of the following is an example of free vortex flow?
a. A whirlpool in a river
b. Flow of liquid through a hole provided at the bottom of a container
c. Flow of liquid around a circular bend in a pipe.
d. All of the above

Correct Answer: d. All of the above

QUESTION 4:
A fluid of viscosity 8 poise and specific gravity 1.2 is flowing through a circular pipe of diameter
100 mm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe wall is 210 N/m2. Find the pressure gradient in
N/m2 per m.

a. 8200
b. -8200
c. 8400
d. -8400

Correct Answer: d. -8400

Detailed Solution: Viscosity of fluid, µ = 8 poise = 0.8 Ns/m2

Specific gravity = 1.2
 ∴ Mass density, ρ = 1.2 × 1000 = 1200 kg/m3
Diameter of the pipe, D = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Maximum shear stress, τ0 = 210 N/m2

𝜕𝑃
∴ The pressure gradient, 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑃 𝑅
We know that , τ0 = - 𝜕𝑥 X 2
𝜕𝑃 (0.1/ 2)
210 = - 𝜕𝑥 𝑋 2
𝜕𝑃
– = - 8400 N/m2 per m
𝜕𝑥

QUESTION 5:
Determine the amount of flow per meter width between two parallel plates when one is moving
𝜕𝑃
relative to the other with a velocity of 3 m/s in the negative direction, if = – 100 × 106 N/m3
𝜕𝑥
and µ = 0.4 poise and distance between the plates is 1 mm.

a. 0.2068 m3/s
b. 0.1856 m3/s
c. 0.1654 m3/s
d. 0.1462 m3/s

Correct Answer: a. 0.2068 m3/s

𝜕𝑃
Detailed Solution: Given: U = – 3 m/s; = – 100 × 106 N/m3 ,
𝜕𝑥

µ = 0.4 poise = 0.4 × 1/10 = 0.04 Ns/m2 ; and b = 1 mm = 0.001 m.

We know that, the discharge per unit width

𝑏 𝑏3 𝜕𝑃
q = U x 2 - 12𝜇 x 𝜕𝑥

Substituting the values, q = 0.2068 m3 /s

QUESTION 6:
Two parallel plates kept 100 mm apart have laminar flow of oil between them with a maximum
velocity of 1.5 m/s. Calculate the discharge per meter width (Assume Viscosity of the oil, µ = 24.5
poise).
a. 0.01 m3/s
b. 0.05 m3/s
c. 0.1 m3/s
d. 10 m3/s

Correct Answer: c. 0.1 m3/s

Detailed Solution: Distance between the parallel plates, b = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Maximum velocity of the oil, umax = 1.5 m/s
Viscosity of the oil, µ = 24.5 poise = 2.45 Ns/m2

The discharge per meter width, q:

2 2
In this case the average velocity of flow, 𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 𝑋 1.5 = 1 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
3

∴ The rate of flow per unit width

𝑞 = 𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑋𝑏 = 1 𝑋0.1 = 0.1 𝑚3 /𝑠 per m.

QUESTION 7:
For viscous flow the co-efficient of friction is given by
a. 8f /Re
b. 16f/Re
c. 32f/Re
d. 64f/Re

Correct Answer: b.16f/Re

Detailed Solution: The coefficient of friction for viscous flow is represented as 16f/Re, where Re
is Reynolds number
 QUESTION 8:
The most essential feature of a turbulent flow is
a. high velocity
b. velocity at a point remains constant with time
c. large discharge
d. Velocity and pressure at a point exhibit irregular fluctuations of high frequency

Correct Answer: d. Velocity and pressure at a point exhibit irregular fluctuations of high frequency
Detailed Solution: The most essential feature of a turbulent flow is velocity and pressure at point
exhibit irregular fluctuations of high frequency.

QUESTION 9:
The shear stress developed in a pipeline contatining water is 8·2 N/m2. What is the shear velocity in
the circular pipe (For water take ρ = 1000 kg/m3)?
a. 0.0816 m/s
b. 0.0876 m/s
c. 0.0906 m/s
d. 0.0916 m/s

Correct Answer: c. 0.0906 m/s

Detailed Solution: Shear stress developed, τ0 = 8·2 N/m2

Density of water, ρ = 1000 kg/m3

𝜏 8.2
Shear velocity is given by, uf = √ ρ0 =√1000 =0.0906 m/s
QUESTION 10:
In turbulent flow the velocity distribution is a function of the distance y measured from the boundary
surface and shear friction velocity uf, and follows a

a. linear law
b. hyperbolic law
c. parabolic law
d. logarithmic law

Correct Answer: d. logarithmic law

Detailed Solution: In Turbulent Flow, the velocity distribution is a function of the distance y
measured from the boundary surface and shear friction velocity uf, and follows a logarithmic law.

QUESTION 11:
Due to which of the following phenomena water hammer is caused?
a. Incompressibility of fluid
b. Sudden opening of a valve in a pipeline
c. The material of the pipe being elastic
d. Sudden closure (partial or complete) of a valve in pipe flow.

Correct Answer: d. Sudden closure (partial or complete) of a valve in pipe flow.

Detailed Solution: water hammer phenomena is caused by sudden closure (partial or complete) of a
valve in pipe flow.

QUESTION 12:
In a pipe flow, the minor losses are those

a. which depend on the length of the pipeline

b. caused by friction and are thus, called friction losses.
c. which have a small magnitude
d. which are caused on account of total disturbance produced by such fittings as valves, bends,
etc

Correct Answer: d. which are caused on account of total disturbance produced by such fittings as
valves, bends, etc.
Detailed Solution: In a pipe flow, the minor losses are those, which are caused on account of total
disturbance produced by such fittings as valves, bends, etc.

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