Students who are pursuing a nursing professional seeking an education in nursing.

They are eligible for

part of nursing research and have participated in this area.3

The term "feticide" is a combination of the Latin word fetus and caedo, which means to kill an unborn
child. The practice of female feticide involves determining the gender of an unborn child in the mother's
womb and deciding on an abortion. if the child's gender is found to be a girl.4

Female feticide is defined as the abortion/elimination of a female child, carried out intentionally by the
mother and over a period of time under pressure from the family, after determining the sex of the child
through medical tests, and female feticide is a method of determining sex. feticide is a way to exclude
the sex of the fetus in order to kill the fetus if it is a girl and to have an abortion if it is a girl, although it is
illegal, many people continue the practice.5

Primary Factors:-

Femicide occurs in India due to various factors like economic, socio-economic ritual and technology.6

Economic factors: female feticide in the 21st century has a lot to do with capitalist modernity. Its aspects
are hidden behind these phenomena.

For rural households with land, there is a clear inverse correlation between income level and child sex
ratio. this is particularly evident in South India. Again, there is a wage level based on gender.women
have less according to their gender.

Dowry System:

Although the dowry system legally ended with the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961, the inability to trace
families and widespread corruption led to its continuation throughout India. The dowry system is the
most powerful widely spread in India, in which the daughter is considered an economic liability. This
system is more rigid in the northern states of India, where it probably contributes to a lower child sex
ratio. Women have little control over economic resources, and the best way for a young North Indian
bride to gain domestic power comes primarily from her ability to bear children, especially sons. Until
recently, dowry was not excluded.

Socio-ritual factors:

In the social structure of India, women are powerless against men's cruelties of physical, psychological
and sexual assault and trauma. Women are controlled, condemned and impoverished in the sphere of
life, and every parent of girls is at risk for their daughters because of the above reasons. These social
rituals for demand lead to the desire for a male child and the dumping of women one by one is
according to the norms of illiteracy and conventional society.

Gender Discrimination:
In India, the bias against women is based on cultural, economic and religious roots. Sons are expected to
work in the fields, providing more income and caring for parents in old age. In this way, sons are viewed
as a kind of insurance. According to a patriarchal society, sons are responsible for 'preserving' the family
name.

According to Hindu belief, the burning of the funeral pyre by the son is considered necessary for
the salvation of the soul. This strong preference for the male sex, which results in endangering lives by
taking away daughters, is not counted on.

Security issues

The increase in crimes against women with the invasion of various intruders in India has become a cause
for concern for the families of the girl. Women bore the brunt of declining standards of humanity,
respect and behavior.

Lack of education

Even today, more than 25% of India's population is still illiterate. Lack of education among Indians
proved to be detrimental to development on the social and psychological front.

Secondary causes:

The secondary causes of female feticide in India are as follows:-

Technological factors:

Female feticide is the latest trend in long-established gender bias. Humans are civilized with time and
female infanticide was also civilized. Ultrasound technology is a low-cost technology that determines the
sex of a person and leads to sex-specific abortions of female fetuses and increases the low percentage of
girls born per year.

Misuse of Ultrasound Technology – Ultrasound technology was introduced in India in the early 1990s.
Ultrasound scanning machines can be used to obtain a lot of useful information about early fetal growth
during pregnancy. Unfortunately, many IVF specialists began to abuse this technology to check the sex
of the fetus and subsequently abort the unwanted female fetus.7

Corruption in Medical Field – Corruption is also a factor responsible for killing women. The medical
profession, which was once an honorable and respected line of work, has become corrupt over time. In
an attempt to satisfy their greed, doctors began charging a lot of money to check the gender of the fetus
using ultrasound scanning technology and then to abort an unwanted female fetus.7
Consequences of female feticide

As Newton's third law of motion states, "for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction", the
after effects of this genocide are fatal and long lasting. It is a disaster that many have unknowingly
invited into everyone's life. The consequences of female feticide are long-lasting and catastrophic in
nature. Some of them are -7

Distorted sex ratio

Trafficking in women/women

Increase in rape and assault

Population decline

Prevention:-

The issues of infanticide, femicide and sex-selective abortion have gained global attention and many
international and national legislative bodies have stepped up to stop this cruel practice. Of the many
steps taken to curb this issue, the most significant are:

A heavy penalty imposed on companies like GE that specialize in marketing medical equipment used for
illegal sex determination and abortions in unlicensed clinics and hospitals.

"ACT" passed in 1870 stands primarily for the prevention of femicide.

Heavy fines and legal action against parents who knowingly tried to kill their unborn child.

Extensive campaigns and seminars for young adults and potential parents to educate them about the
harmful effects of femicide.8

Laws and Initiatives Adopted in India / Updated MTP Laws 2021

India passed its first abortion law, the so-called Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971, and is
controlled by an organization (CMO) that makes abortion legal in most states, under government
regulation one registered doctor performs MTP. more than 12 weeks.

According to the amendment to the MTP 2020 law, the evolutionary milestone in the solution and the
new law, which entered into force on March 25, 2021, is the increase of the upper limit of pregnancy
from 20 to 24 weeks for special categories of women, including rape victims, incest victims and others.

A single provider opinion required to terminate a pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy.
Request for the statement of two providers to terminate a pregnancy from the 20th to the 24th week of
pregnancy.

The upper limit of gestation does not apply to fetal abnormalities diagnosed by a medical board.
Confidentiality clause. The name and other information about the woman whose pregnancy was
terminated cannot be disclosed except to a person authorized by law.

Expanded MTP services under the Contraception Clause failure for unmarried women to allow access to
safe abortion based on the woman's choice, regardless of marital status.9

Government schemes

Both the Center and State Governments have launched a number of social welfare programs for girls
with an aim to change the social attitude towards girls and for their upliftment. Following are few such
schemes:-

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao-It is a central government program launched on 22nd January 2015 by
"PM.Narendra Modi" to save the girl child from sex-selective abortion and promote girl child education
across the country. They were originally aimed at districts with a low sex ratio.

Balika Samriddhi Yojana – It is a scholarship scheme designed to provide financial assistance to young
girls and their mothers below the poverty line. A key objective of the program is to improve their status
in society and improve enrollment and retention of girls in schools.

CBSE Udaan Scheme – is administered by the Central Board of Secondary Education through the
Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. This program focuses primarily on
increasing the enrollment of girls in engineering and other technical colleges across the country.

Ladli Scheme of Haryana – It is a cash incentive scheme initiated by the Government of Haryana which
provides a payout of Rs. 5000 per annum for 5 years to families with second girl child born on or after
20th August 2015. The money is deposited in the Kisan Vikas Patra. These deposits along with interest
will be released once the concerned girl becomes a major.8

THE NEED FOR STUDY

"Give life a chance - say no to female fetidation"

The report also showed that globally, a United Nations report showed that 4.6 million girls were
"missing" at birth every year from 2013 to 2017 as a result of gender selection, which favors a male child
over a female child. The report added that 4.6 million women have been "missing" in India over the past
50 years. Gender selection is prohibited by law in India.
In its report on the state of world population in 2020, the UN Population Fund put the number of
"missing" women at 14.2 million10.

According to United Nation Report (June 30, 2020)

As of 2020, there are 3,929,973,953 or 3,930 billion or 3,930 million males in the world, representing
50.42% of the world's population. The female population of the world is estimated to be 3,864,824,776
or 3,865 billion or 3,865 million, representing 49.58% of the world population. There are 65,149,177 or
65.15 million more men than women in the world.

The gender ratio in the world in 2020 is 101.69 males per 100 females. By 1957 there were more women
than men. Globally, the male to female ratio increased from 99,692 in 1950 to a high of 101,704 in 2011.
It is now expected to decrease to 100,296 in 2100.

In most countries and regions of the world, there are more women than men. But the two most
populous countries, China and India, have higher male populations by a margin. That's why there are
more men than women in the world. If the populations of China and India are excluded, there are more
women than men in the rest of the world.11

According to United Nation Report (January 14, 2021)

Indian Census, 2020 sex ratio of the total population in India is 108.18 males per 100 females. There are
717,100,970 or 717.10 million males and 662,903,415 or 662.90 million females in India. The percentage
of the female population is 48.04 percent compared to 51.96 percent of the male population. India has
the highest number exceeding the number of men at 54.20 million. India ranks 189 out of 201
countries/territories in terms of gender ratio. Among Asian countries, its position is 42 out of 51
countries/territories.

In India, the male to female ratio increased from 104.40 in 1950 to a peak of 108.47 in 2008. This ratio is
projected to decline to 103.36 in 2092.

The male to female ratio is at its highest level of 112.54 for the 20-24 age group. With 110.37 boys per
100 girls (age group 0-14), India has the 8th most skewed child sex ratio. The male to female ratio is
108.89 for the 15-64 age group and 93.4 for the over 65 age group. India has more men than women
under the age of 70. Women outnumber men by a ratio of 2 to 1 in centenarians.12

According to United Nation Report (January 16, 2021)

One of the most serious forms of discrimination women face begins before they are even born.
Although femicide has been considered a crime in India for decades, the practice continues unchecked
in the northern part of the country. A UN report says that between 2013 and 2017, 460,000 girls were
missing at birth each year due to sex selection and female genital mutilation. Overall, nearly 45.8 million
women are "missing" in India's demographics in 2020, mainly due to pre- and post-natal sex selection
practices based on son preference and gender inequality, according to a report by the United Nations
Population Fund (UNFPA).

LITERATURE REVIEW

A literature review is one of the most important steps in a research project. Literature refers to the
systematic examination of publications of top research projects that have been published by accredited
scientists and researchers. A literature review can be defined as a selection of available documents,
published and unpublished, on a given topic.

Literature Review Related to Assessing Knowledge of Female Feticide -

Literature Review Related to Assessing Knowledge of Female Feticide -

Nilima v sonawane 2010 A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching
program on female feticide knowledge among university students in Mumbai. The samples consisted of
150 university students. the sampling technique was purposive which consisted of 75 boys and 75 girls
in the age group of 18 to 25 years. The result shows that there was an increase in the knowledge score
of undergraduate students. The overall knowledge score of college students before the test was 47%,
which increased to 84% after the test. The study revealed that if more information is provided about
female feticide and its problems and prevention, there would be an increase in awareness that would
help maintain gender equality.22

Anurag Chaudhary, Mahesh Satija et al. 2010 A cross-sectional study to assess school children's
awareness and perceptions of female fetisation. The study involved collecting information on the
perception of female students' knowledge of female feticide using a multiple choice questionnaire. A
non-probability sampling technique was used. Total sample size 527 students in the age group of 11-18
years from different schools of Ludhiana district.

The results of the study show that the students are (97%) students with high level of awareness of
female feticide (2.9%) average awareness of female feticide Perception of female student (45.7%)
prefers son because he carries surname (44%) takes care of old age ,(10%) having as burden and
dowry.23

DR.M.Pavani Verma, DR.K.Satayavara et al. 2010 A cross-sectional study to assess university students'
awareness and knowledge of the problem of female feticide. The population was selected from
undergraduate students studying in high school and in the framework of postgraduate, diploma and
diploma studies in the field of medicine and nursing. Sample size 700 sampling using non-probability
technique was used student of 6th college from district Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, data collected by self-
structured, pre-tested questionnaire, which is multiple closed-ended choice and fill-in-the-blank
questions. The study showed that (48%) female students had sufficient knowledge, (36%) female
students had medium knowledge, (16%) female students had insufficient knowledge and awareness of
female fetation.24

Praveen M. D 2011 A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge regarding gender
preference and female feticide among pregnant women attending RIMS antenatal clinic of Kadapa
Hospital. Using a non-probability sampling technique Of the 195 women studied, 114 (58.5%) preferred
a male child; the main reasons for this are social obligations for men (42.5%), to promote the family
name (23%), reliability in old age (16%), pressure from the family (11%) to carry out cremation (4%),
dowry ( 3%) and women are an economic liability (3%). The study revealed that socio-demographic
factors influence gender preferences, while education increases awareness of the consequences of an
unfavorable gender ratio.25

Dr. RK Bansal, Shaikh Nawal, Viradiya Hiral et al. 2011 A multiple study to assess perceptions and
practices among women regarding female feticide randomly selected a total sample of 270. The
population was women using a semi-structured interview schedule to explore female feticide
perceptions and practices in Surat city. The respondent believed that the issue of prenatal sex
determination becomes more important if the previous two children are girls, and in that case only 13
(5%) of the total respondents said they would resort to this technique, with the majority 227 (84 %) is
against this practice. 30 (11%) firmly declared that they will not have a third child. 26

Karadia K Sharma, M Narang et al. 2013 A cross-sectional study to assess awareness and perceptions
regarding female feticide. The population was selected as a student of a school in Jaipur city. A sample
size of 200 was selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collected using a semi-structured
questionnaire. The study showed that (52.5%) boys are informed about female foeticide and (70%) boys
have better knowledge than girls about the current rate of female foeticide. Most preferred boys
considered a burden because of girls.27

Shyama Devi, Jyoti Sarin et al. 2014 The research assigned to the study was and evaluates the
effectiveness of the public education program in the prevention of female feticide. Assess and evaluate
knowledge regarding the prevention of female feticide. A single-group pre- and post-test evaluation
approach. The population was adults and the sample size was 86 adults from Budhiya village who were
selected using convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured interview
schedule and a five-point Likert attitude scale. The results of the study showed that (51.16%) favorable
to female foeticide, (48.84%) favorable to female foeticide prevention.28

Dr. Shashi Punam 2015 An exploratory study examining the socio-cultural and economic reasons
responsible for female-on-female femicide. The population was selected from each village only those
women who had one girl and one boy after a long time since the birth of the first girl. Sample size 26
villages of Himachal Pradesh were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collected
according to the Socio-Economic Status Scale, which contains general information, was used. The
questionnaire was composed of fifty questions, which were asked using the interview method. The
study showed that (78.35%) of the respondents have the opinion of modern medical technology as the
reason for female fetination (21.65%) of the respondents disagree with the opinion that modern
medical technology is responsible for female fetination.29

Mukul Dixit, Jyoti Jatin 2016 A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess Attitude, Awareness and Practice of
Femicide Among Pregnant Women. The population was selected pregnant women in the first and
second trimester. Sample size 500 pregnant women from Udaipur city were selected using convenient
sampling technique. Data collected by structured questionnaire and Likert scale. The study showed that
(60%) women preferred gender, (23.4%) preferred a male child and (16.6%) preferred having a female
child. Regarding awareness, women (86.2%) and (91.2%) knew that prenatal sex determination and
female feticide were illegal. Desire of one

METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically address a research problem. It can additionally be

understood as a science analyzing how research is achieved scientifically. In this study, the various steps
that are generally taken by the researcher in studying their research problem along with the logic behind
them. A research methodology is a plan for conducting a study. Its purpose is to maximize manipulation
of elements that may undermine the validity of research findings.
 This chapter deals with the method adopted for this study which includes research approaches,
research design, study variables, study setting, population, sample, selection technique, selection
criteria, instruments used for the study, instrument validation and reliability. , development and
description of the lesson plan, pilot study, data collection procedure, and plan for data analysis.

(Suresh K Sharma)

Research approach

Choosing a research approach is the basic entity for research. A research approach helps the researcher
to determine the way to deal with the research questions and draw conclusions using different
measures.

In this study investigating the nature of the problem and the objective, the researcher adopted a
quantitative evaluative research approach as it involves the generation of quantitative data that can be
subjected to rigorous analysis in a fixed and rigid manner.

(By polit and Back)

Research design

A research design is a framework or guide used to plan the implementation and analysis of a study. If
refers to the strategies that research adopts to obtain information that is accurate, objective, and
meaningful.

(Suresh K Sharma)

A research design can be defined as the overall plan or plan that the researcher selects for the cases
they are studying.

(Polit and Beck 2007)

Research design helps the researcher in the selection of subjects, identification of variables, their
manipulation and control, observations made and various types of statistical analysis to be used to
interpret the data.

The research design chosen for this study is a quasi-experimental pretest and one group posttest. This
study attempts to assess the level of knowledge about female feticide among female student of
Rohilkhand School of Nursing, Bareilly (U.P.)
Table 1: IMAGE PROCESSING STUDY DESIGN

Design

Q1

O2

Quasi experimental design

Female feticide knowledge level pre-test

Planned learning program

Post-test on the level of knowledge about female fetisation.

Keys

Q1: Before the test

X: Hit

Q2: After the test

 FIGURE 2: SCHEMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PLAN

VARIABLES:- Courtesy and Beck Variables are, as the name suggests, something that changes. A variable
is any quality of an organism, group, or situation that takes on different values.

Variables must be defined in terms of measurable behavior. The variables, as the name suggests, are
something that varies, weight, anxiety level, intake, and body temperature (ie, each of these
characteristics varies from person to person). For quantitative researchers, almost all aspects of human
beings and their environment are variables.

The variables in this study are:

Independent variables

It is the variable that is hypothesized to affect the dependent variables in a study, experimental research
design, the independent variable affects the dependent variables

In this study, the independent variables are the planned female feticide knowledge curriculum

Dependent variable
A dependent variable is an outcome variable of interest that is assumed to depend on another variable.

In this study, the dependent variable is the student's knowledge of female conception.

Demographic variables

It includes age, gender, area of life, professional education, family income, source of information.

STUDY ENVIRONMENT

A research setting is a place or area where a study or event will take place or be conducted.

(Polit and Hunger 2008)

The proposed study was conducted at Rohilkhand School of Nursing Bareilly U.P. this setting was chosen
for reasons of sample availability, feasibility of conducting the study, and ethical clearance.

POPULATION

In a statistical survey, all the items that fall under the scope of the survey are known as the population.

A population is an aggregation of cases that meet a specified set of criteria, the target population is the
elements in which the researcher is interested and for whom the result might be reasonably
generalizable.

(According to Polit 2008)

A population is the entire aggregation of cases in which the researcher is interested.

Target population for study student at Rohilkhand School of Nursing Bareilly, U.P.

SAMPLE

A sample is a small part of the population selected for observation and proper analysis. In this sample, a
student of Rohilkhand School of Nursing Bareilly, U.p.

SAMPLE SIZE
The number of subjects, event, behavior, or situation that is examined in a study

(Suresh K Sharma 2014

The sample size may depend on the nature of the population, the number of subgroups, the nature of
the study, the type of sampling, the level of precision, and the availability of time and money.

A sample refers to the process of selecting a portion of the population that will represent the entire
population.

Her

DISCUSSION

The point of research in plain language is to discover new things and concepts. People conduct research
on the same topic over and over to find out more facts, to compare and discuss their results with
previous findings, or to provide a basis for future research on the same subject. This helps create a
stronger research base.

The study investigates the effectiveness of a planned educational program on female feticide
knowledge. The problem statement was “A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of a
Planned Teaching Program on Female Feticide Knowledge to Selected Students of Rohilkhand College of
Nursing, RSN “Bareilly (U.P.)”

Conclusions of the study

Demographic variables of the study

In this study, all the students were found to belong to the age group of 17-20 years 41 (82%), majority of
the students 44 (88%) were female. (Table 3 and Table 4)
 This study was supported by Mr. Vinay Kumar who conducted an exploratory descriptive survey
design study to assess the level of knowledge about female feticide among adolescent age group (80%)
and (83.3%) students were female.

In this study, about 28 (56%) students belong to urban areas, most students 25 (50%) graduated from
GNM. (Table 5 and Table 6)

This study was supported by Mr. Vinay Kumar who conducted a study to assess the knowledge of
female feticide and most of the adolescent (80%) belong to urban area.

In the current study, most of the student families have an income of Rs8000–Rs10000 around 23 (46%).
Most students (42%) acquired knowledge from family members. (Table 7 and Table 8)

The study presented was supported by Mr. Vinay Kumar who conducted a study to assess the
knowledge of female feticide and the income of most of the adolescent (63%) families around Rs.5001-
10000. and received information about female feticide (60%) from their media.

A goal with a result

To evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching program on the knowledge level of female feticide
among selected female students of Rohilkhand School of Nursing, Bareilly.

This objective showed that after comparing the overall mean pre-test knowledge score of 7.72 (36.76%)
and the mean post-test knowledge score of 18.24 (72%). The calculated 't' value of 49.09 was higher
than the table value of 2.009 at p = 0.05 level which is significant. The educational program on female
feticide thus planned was effective. (Table 9)
 In comparison, the mean pre-test knowledge score was 7.72, while the mean post-test knowledge
score was 18.24. Therefore, H1 is accepted, which states that there will be a significant difference
between the mean knowledge level of nursing students before and after the test.

The above findings are supported by Mr. Vinay Kumar who conducted an exploratory descriptive study
to assess the effectiveness of female feticide knowledge among students. The result showed that the
highest mean score (11.066), which is (52%) of the total score (mean) was achieved for preventive
measures and the lowest mean (3.4).

Which is 16% of the total score (Bad) in the areas of basic information about women's pregnancy. This
then indicates poor knowledge of the participant in the pre-test score. The total pre-test knowledge
score was 11.066 after the tutorial administration, the knowledge level improved and the post-test
mean score was higher than the pre-mean score.

To find an association between pre-test knowledge scores and their selected demographic variable.

The results of the study showed that there was a significant association between gender,
professional education, family income and their pre-test knowledge scores. Therefore, hypothesis 1 is
accepted, which states that "there will be a significant association between a student's mean pre-test
knowledge score and their selected demographic variables." No significant association was observed
between the knowledge score and other selected demographic variables such as age, area of life,
sources of information at the 0.05 level of significance. (Table 10)

The present study results are supported by Mr. Vinay Kumar who conducted a study among students
regarding female fetisation. Statistical tests showed that there was a significant association between
knowledge and study program (3.84) at the p<0.05 level. No significant association was found between
knowledge, age in year and area of life and source of information.

CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSION

This chapter deals with the conclusion, Implication, Limitation, Recommendation of the study “A Quasi
Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of a Planned Teaching Program on Female Feticide
Knowledge among Selected Students of Rohilkhand School of Nursing, RSN “Bareilly (U.P.)”

This study assessed nursing students' knowledge of female feticide through a planned teaching program
and found that the majority of 45 (90%) female students had poor knowledge and 4 (8%) average
knowledge and 1 (2%) good knowledge in the pre-test. In the follow-up test, 13 (26%) students had good
knowledge and 37 (74%) had average knowledge. It shows that there is a significant improvement in
students' knowledge after the planned learning program. A curriculum planned in this way is effective in
improving the student's knowledge of female feticide.

The planned teaching program deepened the students' knowledge, which is necessary for the
appropriate conception of women.

Nursing implication

The researcher found that the results obtained from the study are of vital importance for nursing
education, nursing practice, nursing administration, nursing research, which provide a way to better
improve the student's knowledge about female fetisation.
Nursing education

One of the main functions of nursing is imparting education to the newer ones. The nurse educator
should have the responsibility of increasing the nursing students' knowledge of female fetation. A
planned learning program should be planned according to the needs and level of understanding of the
recipients to be effective.

Nursing practice

Nursing practice has undergone many evolutions in the recent past. The expanded role of the
professional nurse emphasizes activities that promote the health and preventive behaviors of the
population. Various implications for nursing practice can be drawn from this study.

Nursing Administration

A nurse administrator should be interested in providing information through a planned educational

program on female feticide. Planning the organization of such a program requires efficient work,
planning of manpower, material and methods and minutes for the successful conduct of the educational
program. A nursing administrator should educate and train nursing students and update nursing
students' knowledge of