PHY4003 Modern Optics (Class 23)

Joon I. Jang
Department of Physics, Sogang University
Spring Semester 2022
Final: 06/21 (Tue) 09:00~10:15 am SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Wavefront splitting: Young’s exp. SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Regularly spaced fringes

Constructive IF:

Diffraction
Wavefront splitting: Young’s exp. SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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𝑦𝑎𝜋
𝐼 = 4𝐼0 cos 2
𝑠𝜆
Wavefront splitting: Young’s exp. SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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𝑦𝑎𝜋
𝐼 = 4𝐼0 cos 2
𝑠𝜆
Wavefront splitting: Young’s exp. SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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𝑦𝑎𝜋
𝐼 = 4𝐼0 cos 2
𝑠𝜆
Similar stuffs SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Fresnel double mirror Lloyd mirror

Lloyd mirror: 1) 180 degree shift by reflection  pattern change

2) Only half space
Example 1 SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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s
Amplitude splitting: Haidinger fringes SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Haidinger type: caused by difference in angle
Amplitude splitting: Haidinger fringes SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Haidinger type: caused by difference in angle

Wait! 𝑟 = −𝑟′

There is an upper limit in the mode number.

180 degree phase consideration SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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S-pol: Always 180 degree out of phase

P-pol: It is more complicated…

Amplitude splitting: Fizeau fringes SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Fizeau type: caused by difference in thickness
Amplitude splitting: Fizeau fringes SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Fizeau type: caused by difference in thickness

Newton’s rings
Michelson interferometers SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Michelson interferometers SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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What is the difference?

Example 2 SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Mach-Zehnder interferometers SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Sagnac interferometer SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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It can measure the angular velocity of rotation precisely.

Idea: actual path is different for clockwise & counterclockwise paths

Sagnac interferometer SOGANG UNIVERSITY
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Ring cavity can be made using an optical fiber.

2𝜋𝑅 − 𝜔𝑅𝑡𝑏 2𝜋𝑅 + 𝜔𝑅𝑡𝑟

𝑡𝑏 = 𝑡𝑟 =
𝑐 𝑐

𝜔 2𝜋𝑅 2𝜋𝑅 4𝜋𝑅2 𝜔

∆𝑡 = 𝑡𝑟 − 𝑡𝑏 = − ~
𝑐 − 𝜔𝑅 𝑐 + 𝜔𝑅 𝑐2
4𝐴𝜔
= 2
𝑐
It holds good for any closed loop!

∆𝑁 = 𝑐∆𝑡/𝜆

To measure the rotation of the earth, R ~ 1 km.