1B GRAMMAR noun phrases

a Where possible, rewrite the noun phrases in bold as compound nouns.

1 There are still many issues concerning gender that society needs to address.
There are still many gender issues that society needs to address.
2 The gap between generations is getting wider all the time.

3 Our memories from our childhood become more important as we get older.

4 Getting good results in your exams can significantly improve your prospects for a job.

5 The loyalty and satisfaction of customers need to be a business’s top priority.

6 Plastic items designed for single-use are a major threat to the planet.

7 The advertising of unhealthy food should be banned in the same way as the advertising of
cigarettes is banned.

8 The management of time, the solving of problems and programming computers are today’s most
important workplace skills. Other key workplace skills needed for the 21st century include thinking
critically, interpreting data, and being able to direct oneself.

b Rewrite the sentences using a noun or gerund instead of the verb in bold, and making any other
necessary changes.

1 A number of issues motivated her return to politics.

A number of issues provided the motivation for her return to politics.
2 The study observed the way siblings behave towards one another.

3 His childhood in rural France inspired the painting.

4 When you become a parent, it changes your perspective on life.

5 When the book was published, it caused a sensation.

6 If you drink too much coffee, it can affect your concentration.

7 When the fossil was discovered, it revolutionized how we thought about how humans evolved.

8 After the 1944 Education Act was implemented in the UK, secondary education expanded rapidly in
many other countries across the world.

c Replace the phrases in brackets with a phrase that includes a noun phrase or noun form of the verb.

It seems that 1 a child’s birth position in the family (the position a child is born in the family) can affect
2
(the way his or her intelligence develops). A number of studies have suggested that
3
(children who are born first) tend to have higher intelligence. One theory is that
first-borns may 4 (be more mentally stimulated by) their parents in the form of
attention and 5 (by being praised). However, the type and amount of praise received
by a child can affect how their intelligence develops. 6 (If you tell a child) that he or
she is intelligent, 7 (it may affect them negatively). A child who 8
(has been praised a lot) could possibly make less effort in life for fear of not being successful.

ACTIVATION
Work in pairs and discuss whether or not you agree with the statements in exercise a. Give reasons.
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