Week 4

Science, Technology
and
Nation- building

Prepared by: Mr. Kent E. Garcia, LPT

 Brief Historical
Background of
Science and Technology
in the Philippines
Pre-Colonial
Period
Pre-Colonial Period
• Started way back before the country
gained its independence from the
American colonizers.

• Before the coming of Spanish colonizers,

the early inhabitants of the archipelago
had their own culture and traditions.

• Had their own belief system and

indigenous knowledge system that keeps
them organized and sustained their lives
and communities for many years.
Pre-Colonial Period
• Science is embedded in the way of life of the
people.

• Scientific knowledge is observed in the way

they plant their crops that provide them food
production.

• They interpret the movements of heavenly

bodies to predict seasons and climates, and in
organizing days into months and years.

• They also use science in preparing soil for

agricultural purposes and like any other
cultures, they discovered the medicinal uses of
plants.
Pre-Colonial Period

• Technology is used by people in building

houses, irrigations, and in developing tools
that they can use in everyday life.

• They developed tools in planting, hunting

cooking and fishing; for fighting their enemies
during war or tribal conflicts; and for
transportation, both on land and on
waterways.

• They also developed technologies in creating

musical instruments.
Pre-Colonial Period

• Archeological artifacts discovered in different

parts of the country that also proves that the
Metal Age also had a significant influence on the
lives of early Filipinos.

• Golds, silver, jewelry, ceramics and metal tools

proved their technological ideas helped in the
development of different tools.

• Trading with China, Indonesia, Japan, and other

nearby countries have influenced their lives by
providing different opportunities for cultural and
technological exchange.
Pre-Colonial Period

• Learning of science in school

focuses on understanding
different concepts related to the
human body, plants, animals, and
heavenly bodies.

• Technology focuses on using the

developing house tools used in
everyday life.
Colonial
Period
Colonial Period

• Life during Spanish era slowly became modernized, adapting some

Western technology and their ways of life.

• Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology brought by

Spaniards using indigenous materials.

• Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and

universities established by the Catholic orders.

• The galleon trade has brought additional technology and development

in the Philippines.
 Colonial Period
• Trading of spices, porcelain,
ivory, lacquerware, processed
silk cloth and other valuable
commodities.

• Although it is only beneficial

for the Spaniards, these trades
allowed other ideas, crops,
tools, cultural practices,
technology, and Western
practices to reach the country.
Post-Colonial
Period
Post-colonial Period

• The Americans have more influence in the

development of S and T in the Philippines
compared to Spaniards.

• Established public education system.

• Improved the engineering works and

health conditions of the people.

• Established a research university (UP).

Post-colonial Period

• Created more public hospitals.

• Mineral resources of the country was

explored and exploited during American
times.

• Transportation and communication

systems was improved.

• They reorganized the learning of science

and introduced it in public and private
schools.
 Post-colonial Period
• The teaching of science in higher education are greatly improved and
modernized.

• Their desire to develop the human resources of the Philippines to serve their
own interests, is, somehow, beneficial in the country.

• World War II destabilized the development of the country.

• Institutions and facilities were turned into ashes, houses were burned, many
live were destroyed.

• Since the establishment of new republic, the whole nation has been focusing
on using its limited resources in improving its science ad technological
capability.
Post-colonial Period
Post-colonial Period
EXTERNAL
• Overseas Development Allocations
INFLUENCES
(ODA) help the country improve its
scientific productivity and technological
• FOREIGN
capability.
COLONIZERS

• TRADES WITH
INTERNAL INFLUENCES FOREIGN
• SURVIVAL DEVELOPMENT
OF SCIENCE AND COUNTRIES
• CULTURE TECHNOLOGY IN
• ECONOMIC THE PHILIPPINES • INTERNAL
ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC
DEMANDS
 Government
Policies on Science
and Technology
Government Policies on Science and Technology

• The Philippine government introduced and implemented several

programs, projects and policies to boost the area of science and
technology.

• The goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to live in a world
driven by science.
Government Policies on Science and Technology
The National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) clustered this into
four, namely:

1. Social Science, Humanities, Education, International Policies and

Governance

• Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the

curriculum.
• Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue.
• Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband.
• Local food security.
Government Policies on Science and Technology
The National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) clustered this into
four, namely:

2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences,

and Mathematics

• Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities.

• Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of
development.
Government Policies on Science and Technology
The National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) clustered this into
four, namely:

3. Medicinal, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science

• Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-

harmonized standards by full implementation of the Food and Drug
Administration.
• Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of
pharmaceutical services and care .
• Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based
research as poll of information.
• Legislating a law supporting genome projects.
Government Policies on Science and Technology
The National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) clustered this into
four, namely:

4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry

• Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing

laws.
• Used of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries.
• Promoting Indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people’s
conservation.
• Formulation of common food and safety standards.
Government Policies on Science and Technology
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Projects

• Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and
technology.

• Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies of

students in the field of science and technology.

• Establishing more branches of Philippine Science High School for training

young Filipinos in the field of S and T.
Government Policies on Science and Technology
Other fields and areas that the country is looking forward to embark
various research and projects. The following are some of them:

• Use of alternative and safe energy

• Harnessing mineral resources
• Finding cure for various diseases and illness
• Climate change and global warming
• Increasing food production
• Preservation of natural resources
• Coping with natural disasters and calamities
• Infrastructure development
 The Role of
Science and
Technology in
Nation-Building
 The Role of Science and Technology in
Nation-Building
• Mechanization of Farming – Agriculture
• Production of genetically modified crops
• Fertilizers- soil enhancements for crops and higher yields
• Improved transportation – land, air and sea
• Communication – internet, social media
• Education –Learning Management System are accessible through
gadgets.
• Online learning – mathematics, physics, geography, economics, and
others
 The Role of Science and Technology in
Nation-Building
Impacts of Science and Technology in the Environment

• Resource depletion – increasing number of new and advanced

technologies in the production and manufacture of different goods and
services results in the depletion of the Earth’s natural resources.

• Wastes are also generated as these technologies are developed.

• People have also become independent on science and technology,

making them disregard its consequences that may damaging to the
environment.