WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER

ENGINEERING

MSC IN POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING

GRID CONNECTED PV SOLAR DESGN WITH LOAD 5MW

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 GRID CONNECTED PV SOLAR PLANT DESIGN WITH LOAD 5MW

DECLARATION

We are lucky to do our assignment on title grid connected PV solar panel; invertor and battery
installation system which is for wolayita sodo

We do this project under the guidance of Sirak.G, We strongly and confidently recommend that
this project work is our own that we have done by exchanging idea with in a group.

Name ID Program

Mekonen Kassie PGW/61685/14 MSc/weekend/

Yosef Demis PGW/61695/14 MSc/weekend/

Wondmagegnehu Kebede PGW/61694/14 MSc/weekend/

Daniel Sheferaw PGW/61674/14 MSc/weekend/

Examined by: - Sirak G.

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ABSTRACT

This paper displays the outline and advancement of sun oriented power plant using
photovoltaic technology. Entire segments required and cost estimation for design of solar
power plant is done with high productivity counts. Plan of standalone (independent
framework) system and Grid connected (Network associated framework) system are
made by considering some as the parameters which influences the maximum or
greatest power generation from solar modules. Design calculation of individual parts
is clarified in well ordered. Ecological impact of solar power plant and payback
period for sun oriented power plant establishment are additionally clarified in this
paper.

Keywords: Photovoltaic Technology, Standalone System, Grid connected System, solar

module structures.

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Contents
DECLARATION ..............................................................................................................................

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... II

LIST OF FIGURE......................................................................................................................... IV

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR PANELS ................................................................... 2

1.2 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM COMPONENTS ............................................ 5

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 8

2. PROJECT BACK GROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................. 9

2.1LITRATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 11

3. METHDOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 11

3.1COMPONENT DESIGN ..................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 18

RESULT AND DISCUSION ....................................................................................................... 18

4.1 RESULT ............................................................................................................................. 18

4.2 DISCUSION ....................................................................................................................... 27

CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 28

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 28

REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................ 29

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1-1 working of solar cell...................................................................................................... 3

Figure 3-1Block diagram of grid connected PV system ............................................................... 12

Figure 3-2 PVsyst software set up for specified grid connected PV solar plant........................... 15

Figure 3-3 Battery design simulation on the software .................................................................. 16

Figure 3-4 simulation for invertor design ..................................................................................... 17

Figure 4-1graph of selected types battery block ........................................................................... 27

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CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

Energy is a necessity like food and water. Everything around us requires energy. Over the years
there has been an increase in the earth‟s population which is directly proportional to the energy
used as well. All the possible gadgets and equipment need some or the other kind of energy to
function. With depleting fossil fuel reserves it becomes necessary to identify viable renewable
energy resources that can decrease the dependency on fossil fuels. Solar energy is the most
abundant form of energy available to us. It is approximated that 10000 TW worth of solar energy
is incident on earth‟s surface in a day (Bos shard, 2006). According to a report, the world energy
consumption in 2015 was 17.4 TW altogether (Seger, 2016). There has been a minimal increase
in the energy consumption every year, approximately 1-1.5% annual growth. The world‟s total
energy consumption is expected to grow by 56% by the year 2040 (U.S Energy Information
Administration, 2013). Comparing current consumption, projected growth in two decades, and
the amount of solar radiation received in an hour we can just imagine the potential solar energy
holds. The total energy consumed is not small fraction of what we receive in an hour. Despite
this energy potential available to us the current utilization of solar energy is less than 5%
globally. There are countries that are taking initiatives to switch from using fossil fuels to solar
applications. These countries form a pool called the G-20 countries which have taken the global
leadership to adopt renewable resources of energy. Germany is one of the G20 countries that has
switched its energy needs to approximately 38% to solar, and aims to go completely stop its
dependency on nuclear and replace it with solar by the year 2050 (Richardson, 2017). Similarly,
most of the countries have abundant solar potential and can take a lesson from Germany.

Apart from harvesting the resource and decreasing the dependency on fossil fuel because they
are limited, one must understand the consequences of using fossil fuels. Burning of fossil fuels
for energy has an adverse effect on the environment. It releases CO₂ into the atmosphere which is
responsible for the greenhouse effect. Further, it also causes the ozone layer to be depleted.
These mentioned phenomena can cause several events to occur such as; acid rain, air pollution,
land pollution because of excavating operations, etc. A 4 KW solar panel used in homes for 25
years can offset 199,697 lbs of CO₂, is equivalent to planting, and is equal to 208,166 (RGS-
Rethink your roof, n.d.). It is fascinating that how much just one home can make an impact in the

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environment by using Solar panels. One could imagine, what would be the benefit of using this
technology on larger scale. Photovoltaic Cells In the 18th century, Swiss physicists assembled a
warm trap, which was a small-scale greenhouse. He developed a hot box, by a glass box in
another larger glass box, a total of up to five boxes. When they are proposed to coordinate the
sun illumination, the temperature in the deepest box can be raised to 108 degrees Celsius; warm
enough to soak water and cook food. These crates can be considered the world's first solar
collection. In the late 1950, some organizations and research facilities began to create a silicon
based solar cell that considers the goal of controlling Earth-orbiting satellites. These include
RCA, Hoffman Electronics, and in addition, the U.S. Army Alert Corps (Desideri, Zapparelli, &
Garroni, 2013). A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy
of photons that are incident on it to electrical energy, which is a natural and synthetic marvel. A
separate cell unit can be connected to a frame module, also known as a solar panel. Different
solar cells in a unified set, all arranged in the plane represents a solar photovoltaic board or
module. PV modules usually have a glass in front of the panel, allowing light to pass through,
while ensuring that the semiconductor plate is protected inside the case. Solar cells are usually
associated, and arranged in series or parallel module, depending upon the requirement of the
customer. The parallel interface unit gets higher current; however, the problem, for example, that
shadow effects can turn off weaker (less bright) parallel strings (different permutations of cells)
can cause great unpleasant effects and may cause damage because of their enlightened
complicity and the reversal of dark cell tendencies. A series of stacked units are usually
autonomous and not parallel, but starting from 2014, each module provides a singular power box
on a regular basis and connects in parallel.

1.1WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR PANELS

In the previous discussion it has been established that there is abundance of solar energy
available to be harvested. A brief discussion of what PV cells is also being covered. It is
necessary that we understand how these cells generate electricity so that we can design systems
that can be in tandem with these basic concepts. The following discussion will explain how the
cells generate electricity.

Principle: Sun is a powerhouse of energy and this energy moves around in the form of
electromagnetic radiations. These radiations are of several types such as light, radio waves, etc.

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depending upon the wavelength of the radiations emitted. A very less percentage of sun‟s
radiations reach the earth‟s atmosphere in the form of visible light. Solar cells use this visible
light to make electrons. Different wavelength of light is used by different solar cells. Solar cells
are made up of semiconductor materials, such as silicon, which is used to produce electricity.
The electricity is conducted as a stream of tiny particles called electrons and the stream is called
electric current. Two main types of electric currents are; DC (direct current) in which the flow of
current is in the same direction while in AC (Alternating current) it may reverse the direction of
current. A typical solar cell has two layers of silicon, which is n-type at the top and p-type at the
bottom. When sunlight strikes the solar cell, the electrons are absorbed by silicon, they flow
between n and p-layers to produce electric current and the current leaves the cell through the
metal contact. The electricity generated is of AC type.

Figure 1-1 working of solar cell

Types of PV Systems

With growing demand for PV systems, the utilities provided an option for the consumers to
connect their systems to the grid. This step introduced a new term called “Net Metering.” Net
metering allows the consumers to send back the electricity they generate from their PV systems
to the grid. This is possible because of the grid-tied connection enabled by the utility. Similarly,
we also have systems that are independent and do not require themselves to be connected to the
grid such systems are called off-grid systems or standalone systems. Both the systems have been
explained in detail below:

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1. Standalone or Off-Grid Systems The off-grid system term states the system not relating to
the gird facility. Primarily, the system which is not connected to the main electrical grid is term
as off-grid PV system (Weis, 2013). Off-grid system also called standalone system or mini grid
which can generate the power and run the appliances by itself. Off-grid systems are suitable for
the electrification of small community. Off-grid electrification system is viable for the remote
areas in the countries where they do have little or no access to the electricity because of the
distinct living and spread population in the vast area. The off-grid system refers to the support
that would be adequate for a living without depending on the grid or other system. Electrical
energy in the off-gird system produced through the Solar photovoltaic panels needs to be stored
or saved because requirement from the load can be different from the solar panel output, battery
bank is also used for the purpose generally.

2. Integrated or Grid-Tied System Grid connected photovoltaic power system is an electricity

generating system which is linked to the utility gird (energy.gov, n.d.). This photovoltaic system
contains solar panel, inverter and the equipment to provide connection to the grid. Grid
connected systems are feasible for various setup such as residential. Commercial and larger scale
grid tied system different than the off grid solar power systems. Usually grid connected system
does not need battery backup, because when system generate the energy more than the load it
will automatically transfer to the linked utility gird. In the residential setups grid connected
rooftop systems usually having the capability of 10 kilowatts which could be enough to meet the
house requirements, and the excess would feed the grid which can be used by other consumers
connected to the grid. The feedback or excess power transfer system works through a meter to
track the transferred power. In some instances, PV system wattage could be less than the normal
consumption due to several different factors and in this scenario; consumer will utilize the grid
energy. This project is considering the viability of having an off-grid PV system which can be
used to power a bus shelter. This concept can also be utilized on a larger scale to support all
types of homes which are in remote areas and where the cost of connecting cables and other
infrastructure of electricity to the house are expensive.

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1.2 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems are made up of different components. Each component
has a specific role. The type of component in the system depends on the type of system and the
purpose. For example, a simple PV-direct system is composed of a solar module or array (two or
more modules wired together) and the load (energy-using device) it powers. The most common
loads are submersible water pumps, and ventilation fans. A solar energy system produces direct
current (DC). This is electricity which travels in one direction. The loads in a simple PV system
also operate on direct current (DC). A stand-alone system with energy storage (a battery) will
have more components than a PVdirect system. This fact sheet will present the different solar PV
system components and describe their use in the different types of solar PV systems. Matching
Module to Load: To match the solar module to the load, first determine the energy needs of the
load. For example, a submersible fountain pump normally attached to a 12 volt battery can be
powered using a solar module. The battery provides a specific amount of power (measured in
watts) to energize the pump. Here, a pump operates on 12 volts DC, and 2.5 amps (maximum) of
electric current. The total power (watts) of the pump is found by multiplying the volts (12 V) by
the amperage (2.1 A). The total power is 30 watts. A module with the capacity of producing at
least 12 volts is necessary to push the electrical current through the pump motor. Solar Module:
The majority of solar modules available on the market and used for residential and commercial
solar systems are siliconcrystalline. These modules consist of multiple strings of solar cells,
wired in series (positive to negative), and are mounted in an aluminum frame. Each solar cell is
capable of producing 0.5 volts. A 36-cell module is rated to produce 18 volts. Larger modules
will have 60 or 72 cells in a frame. The size or area of the cell determines the amount of
amperage. The larger the cell, the higher the amperage. Early modules were mono-crystalline
and had round cells. The manufacturing process resulted in a more efficient cell, but resulted in
waste, and is an expensive process. Today‟s crystalline modules are poly-crystalline and are cut
into square or rectangular-shaped cells. The process wastes less material, but produces a less
efficient module. However, decreased costs have made it a competitive process.

Solar Array: The solar array is made up of multiple PV modules wired together. Connecting the
negative (-) wire of one module to the positive (+) wire of a second module is the beginning of a
series string. Wiring modules in series results in the voltage of each of the two modules is added

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together. For example, a 20- watt module rated at 17.2 volts and 1.2 amps is wired in series to
second similar module. The result is a series string capable of producing 34.4 volts (17.2V
+17.2V = 34.4V). However, the current each module produces, stays the same. A series string
represents the summed voltages of each individual module. Each module should be the same
voltage and current. The negative cable of one module is connected to the positive cable of the
next module. In a large system, multiple strings are assembled and the non-connected ends are
connected to homerun leads which are landed at the terminals of an enclosure located near the
array. For example, if an array is made up of a string of 10 modules, each rated at 30 volts and 4
amps, the string would be rated at producing 300 volts (10 x 30 volts) and 4 amps, or a total of
1,200 watts (1.2 kW). The goal is to wire modules in series to build voltage. Since the AC
voltage in a residence operates on 120 to 240 volts, it is desirable to achieve the voltage
necessary to operate the loads in the residence.

Combiner Box: A PV system array with multiple strings of modules will have a positive lead
and a negative lead on the end of each string. The positive leads will be connected to individual
fuses and the negative leads will be connected to a negative busbar in an enclosure. This is called
the source circuit. The combiner box serves to “combine” multiple series strings into one parallel
circuit. For example, an array with three strings of 10 modules wired in series would produce
300 volts (10 modules x 30 volts) per string and 4 amps per string. When the leads are landed in
the combiner box, the circuit would produce 300 volts at 12 amps (3 strings x 4 amps/string).
Once the circuits are combined, leaving the box it is referred to as the “output circuit”

PV Disconnect: A direct current (DC) disconnect switch is installed between the inverter load
and the solar array. The disconnect switch is used to safely de-energize the array and isolate the
inverter from the power source. The switch is sized to fit the voltage of the solar array and is
connected to the ungrounded conductor. On a solar PV system, the ungrounded conductor is
usually the positive (+) conductor. The negative (-) conductors are grounded, and a ground
conductor bonds the system to an electric ground, as required by the local electrical code. Local
utilities may require disconnects accessible by utility personnel on a grid-connected PV system.
Another disconnect, on the AC-side of the inverter, is installed before the AC service panel. The
AC disconnects serves to isolate the inverter from the AC service panel in a grid-connect PV
system.

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Charge Controller: A charge controller regulates the amount of charge going into the battery
from the module to keep from overcharging the battery. Charge controllers can vary in the
amount of amperage they can regulate. Some models will include additional features such as
connecting and operating DC loads, and regulating energy going to a load based on the amount
of charge in a battery. During daylight, the array sends power to the controller and to the battery.
The controller monitors the level of energy to keep the battery fully charged. At night, when the
array is not sending energy, the controller allows the battery to energize the load as demanded.
Battery: When solar energy is to be stored for use when the sun is not shining, a battery is used.
The most commonly used battery for residential PV applications is the lead-acid battery. The
solar user should look for a deep-cycle battery, similar to what is used in a golf cart, but designed
for renewable energy systems. There are two types of lead-acid batteries: flooded lead-acid
(FLA), sealed absorbed glass mat (AGM). The battery voltage can vary from 2, 6, and 12 volts.
Individual amp-hours can vary. For example, battery “A” (pictured below) is rated at 12 volts,
and 35 amp-hours, while battery “B” is rated at 12 volts and 58 amp-hours. Dimensions of
individual batteries can vary.

Inverters: Energy from an array or a battery bank is direct current (DC). This will provide for
DC loads such as lights, fans, pumps, motors, and some specialty equipment. However, if the
energy is to be used to power loads that operate on alternating current (AC), as what is found in a
residence, the current needs to be converted. The inverter changes DC energy to AC energy.
Inverters are available in many different sizes for various-sized loads. A small inverter can be
plugged into the power outlet of a vehicle to change the 12 volt DC energy from the vehicle‟s
battery, to 120 volt AC energy to power a laptop computer. Larger inverters are available to
power larger loads. For example, a 4000 watt inverter can be connected to a 12 volt battery and
used for energizing small AC appliances. A string inverter is used to convert DC power from a
solar array to AC power and can be connected to an AC distribution power panel (service panel)
in a residence or facility. String inverters are available in different sizes depending on the size of
AC load.

Solar energy systems can be simple or complex, depending on the needs of the solar user. The
common component of all systems will be the solar module or solar array. Solar modules, though
similar in design (silicon crystalline-type) will vary by size and power produced.

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1.3OBJECTIVE

1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The objective of this part of the capstone project is to dimension a photovoltaic power plant with
a power of 5MW.

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

The work carried out deals with the following:

 Sizing the key components of the plant.

 Find the number of the panels needed and their inclination angle.
 Find the appropriate inverters.
 Adapt the appropriate wiring system.
 Find the surface area where the panels will be implemented

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CHAPTER TWO

2. PROJECT BACK GROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 BACK GROUND

The need for using electricity has reached a point of civilization where electricity is utilized for
all purposes. However, in recent times, construction of new large power generating plants is not
keeping pace with growing electricity demand. Meanwhile, consumer demand for even more
reliable power is increasing day by day. In centralized power generation concepts, providing
power to the rural areas and islands has always been a big challenge for electricity distributors
and suppliers due to transmission costs and difficulties to maintain the power quality. Also,
remote locations and islands typically suffer from an energy shortage and lack of water security
and profoundly depend on diesel generators and diesel backup systems for electricity.
Furthermore, fuel transportation and storage cost have continued to fluctuate and grow which can
potentially lead to prevent investment in other social and economic growth for these
communities. To reduce dependency on costly, logistic incentive and fossil fuels imports, the
renewable energy sources are used to deliver sustainable, reliable energy to the rural areas and
island communities in the form of micro-grids or mini-grids. Micro-grids can accommodate
renewable and non-renewable energy sources such as Photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines
and also diesel generators. In addition to renewable sources of energy, battery energy storage
system can also be integrated into the micro-gird concept. The Garden Island Micro-Grid
(GIMG) at WA, Australia will be the world‟s first demonstration of a wave energy integrated
micro-gird and desalination facility. The underlying concept of this project will be to
demonstrate the integration of a 5MW solar PV invertor and a Battery Energy Storage System
(BESS) which required meeting the power demands of the control system. The core purpose of
this design document is to design a 5MW PV array system with its conversion to AC system.

2.1LITRATURE REVIEW

Design Methodology of Off-Grid PV Solar Powered System (A Case Study of Solar Powered
Bus Shelter) by Ayaz A. Khamisani Advisors: Dr. Peter Ping Liu, Dr. Jerry Cloward, Dr.
Rendong Bai This paper will focus on how methodology of off grid systems/stand-alone systems
can help to reduce the dependency of grid and allow us to live in self-sufficient manners without

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reliance on one or more public utilities. Further, a PV system will be designed for a bus shelter at
EIU to demonstrate the concept.

Tefera Mekonnen Ramchandra Bhandari and Venkata Ramayya , Modeling, Analysis and
Optimization of Grid-Integrated and Islanded Solar PV Systems for the Ethiopian Residential
Sector: Considering an Emerging Utility Tariff Plan for 2021 and Beyond Currently, difficulties
such as the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the associated environmental pollution have
driven the rise of other energy systems based on green energy sources. In this research, modeling
and a viability study of grid-connected and islanded photovoltaic (PV) power systems for
supplying the residential load in Mekelle City, Ethiopia, were carried out considering the
country‟s emerging utility tariff plan for 2021 and beyond. The technical viability of the
proposed supply option was analyzed using PVGIS, PVWatts and HOMER Pro tool, while the
economic and environmental optimization aspects were carried out using HOMER Pro.
Sensitivity analyses and output comparisons among the three renewable energy simulation tools
are presented. The results showed that under the consideration of an incremental electricity tariff
plan (up to 2021), the analyzed cost of energy of the grid/PV system is around 12% lower than
the utility grid tariff. Moreover, we also found that by taking the continuous global solar PV cost
reduction into account, the cost of energy of the modeled islanded operation of solar PV power
units totally broke the grid tariff in Ethiopia after 2029 based on the tariff for 2021 and well
before with the expected escalation of the grid tariff on an annual basis. The technical
performance of the system realized through PVGIS and PVWatts was almost comparable to the
HOMER Pro outputs. Thus, this investigation will offer a clear direction to the concerned target
groups and policy developers in the evolution of PV power supply options throughout the
technically viable locations in the country.

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CHAPTER THREE

3. METHDOLOGY

Factors Affecting Generation of Power: Solar Radiation, which solar radiation incident on the
solar modules varies depending on the area of the module, location and time interim per day.
Along these lines solar radiation directly affects the panel power. Subsequently, a reduction in
solar radiation decreases the output power. Expression for output power from solar panel in
terms of radiation

Where, R = Solar radiation A = Area of a panel, P= power

panel efficiency Above condition demonstrate that solar radiation is directly relative to
power output. As solar radiation incident on panel increases power output also increases. 100-
200 W/least power required to produce minimum rated output from the PV Panel. Optimization
of power and voltage control can also be done using newer technology [7] Tilt Angle, which is
the point between the flat plane and the solar panel. The tilt angle of the panel is the way to
obtain maximum energy. Solar panels are most proficient, when they are perpendicular to
the solar radiation. Tilt angle for particular area can be ascertained by adding 15 degrees
to the latitude in winter or by subtracting 15 degrees from the scope in summer. Temperature,
which plays important role in solar power output from solar PV panels. Increment in
temperature makes voltage diminish however current to increment [1]. The general
impact of such temperature is that it causes the power yield of the solar module to diminish.
Solar panel power loss can be calculated by the expression, Temperature difference =
difference between temperature at particular time and nominal temperature of the day
Temperature coefficient = -0.5% (Normally all Panels are designed with -0.5%)Wind Speed,
this is an additional vital factor which influencing the generation of power. Solar panels
may get removed from mounting structure due to strong breezes. And furthermore higher the
height of the under structure, more are the breeze loads on such tilted boards. High wind
speed effect expands the cost of under structure and it again expands the overall system
cost. Wind has monetary part on the framework execution. Tilt of board by wind has critical

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part in the electrical qualities of board. Humidity, it portrays the amount of water vapor in air.
The humidity reduces the measure of visible solar radiation incident on solar modules. In
this manner humidity influence the current, voltage, power output. As the level of humidity
expands, level of power generation likewise diminishes.

For our case the grid connected solar power plant design has the following form

Controller
unit

DC-DC convertor DC-AC invertor Grid

Array

MPPT control Battery AC load

Figure 3-1Block diagram of grid connected PV system

Orientation parameters

Field type: Fixed Tilted Plane

Plane tilt/azimuth = 9° / 0°

Compatibility between System defintions

Full system orientatio = tilt/azim = 9° / 0°

1 sub-array PNom = 5400 kWp, modules area = 28533 m²

System parameters

Sub-array #1

PV modules: 675 strings of 20 modules in series, total 13500, Pnom = 400 Wp

Pnom array = 5400 kWp, Area = 28533 m², Inverters (725 kWac), 7 units, Total 5075 kWac

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3.1COMPONENT DESIGN

Our targeted customer load demand power is 5000KW.

We are going to design PV solar system to meet the customer requirement based on the demand
load.

Let choose the PV type based on availability in the market. Let take LG-400N2T-A5, solar panel
its rate is 400W with 36V. And inverter type PSC-725MV-L-QC, its rate is 50Hz, 725KW with
325-650V.

Now considering the losses on the inverter the amount of power of inverter should be greater
than demand power. Due to that taking loss factor of 1.5% in the inverter, the power of inverter
should become 5075KW.

Since,

Then, total power in inverter is known, to get number of inverters, we have to divide total power
of inverter to the selected power in a single inverter.

From it we can find the power of panels, the solar panel has its own loss due to that we take the
loss factor of 5.6%. Then total power should delivered by the solar panel is total power in the
inverter multiplied by the loss factor of panel plus the inverter power.

To get number of modules we have to specify the series and string panels, 20 series and 670
strings.

And total 20 by 670 is 13400 modules at area of 28321m2 each module have 400W and 36V as
we selected and with plane irradiance of 1000W/m2.

As we decide to design on grid solar system, the input constraints to inverter are taken MPPT; its
values are almost similar to solar panel system. These values are DC sources and the values
taken to batteries are also from it.

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DC source from MPPT‟s, nominal voltage and current of single MPPT is 325V and 2275A.
Beside on this using the transformer based inverter the values at each inverter become 725kW,
400V and 1050A at each seven inverters. Then to connect with the grid first all the seven
inverters connected to the common bus bar, during that only value of current is increased voltage
remains as it is.

At the bus bar voltage become 400V and current 7350A and power 5075KW, to calculate fuse
rate at each seven inverters.

( )

The total current on the bus bar is 7350A, based on this let decide the breaker capacity. To
calculate breaker capacity for switching purpose.

First calculate load current and then multiply it with factor of 1.25, to get breaker rating.

Standard breaker rating for the above current is 16KA, 4 poles 4D neutral fully protected.

To size the transformer based on the power in the inverter we can take inverter size to
transformer directly because the power factor of inverter is unity.

For the 5MW power it is enough to stand 5MVA, due to unity power factor no difference. Then
using this rate of transformer we choose 5MVA, 0.4Kv/33Kv transformer to connect our system
with grid. PVsyst Software set up for specified parameter on the component sizing and parameter
is showed below

For the case of battery we had select mol PZV solar 4550 type which is available on the market
which has capacity of

Batteries: When sizing a battery it is necessary to follow some guidelines to do it in the best way.
The load of the system is one of the terms that affect the size of the capacity, as well as the
efficiency of the rest of components of the system. The depth of discharge is an important factor

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due to the battery will not be discharged until the end in every use. The battery capacity in
Ampere hours is going to be calculated as follows:

Where: - is the daily average load for summer months -

is the battery bus voltage - are the number of days of autonomy - is the depth of
discharge

Figure 3-2 PVsyst software set up for specified grid connected PV solar plant
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Figure 3-3 Battery design simulation on the software

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Figure 3-4 simulation for invertor design

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CHAPTER FOUR

4. RESULT AND DISCUSION

4.1 RESULT

From the methodology and the specification determined above we get simulation result from
PVsyst software. In this chapter the simulations of several scenarios are made through the
software PVSYST and some results are exposed. These results will determine the conclusions we
will establish for this project.

The result of the simulation for pv sizing invertor design and self-consumption battery is shown
below.

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Figure 4-1graph of selected types battery block

4.2 DISCUSION

This paper deals with a key solution for power outages problem experienced by many African
countries and this through grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems with batteries storage.
African grids are characterized by an insufficient power supply and frequent interruptions. Due
to this fact, users who especially use classical grid-connected photovoltaic systems are unable to
profit from their installation even if there is sun. In this study, we suggest the using of a grid-
connected photovoltaic system with batteries storage as a solution to these problems. This
photovoltaic system works by injecting the surplus of electricity production into grid and can
also deliver electricity as a stand-alone system with all security needed. To achieve our study
objectives, firstly we conducted a survey of a real situation of one African electrical grid, the
case of sodo towen. Secondly, as study case, we undertake a sizing, a modeling and a simulation
of a grid-connected PV system with batteries storage for self-consumption.

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CHAPTER FIVE

5. CONCLUSION

The maximum monthly energy output out of all months is obtained during one year. Solar
photovoltaic generation potential during the year assessed for district of wolayita sodo. It is
found that the month of July produced the lowest solar radiation. Monthly and yearly outputs
were calculated on the basis of 100 m² area. Considering the monthly peaks, the average peak
output is calculated from where an estimate of the possible plant rating is made. The
methodology adopted seems satisfactory for determining the possible plant capacity for an
arbitrarily chosen area. As a conclusion the comparison between the analytical method of
manually extracted data and results obtained from the PVsyst software package are feasible.

Solar energy is the future of best choice especially in woliayta sodo because this region is
characterized by a favorable weather to implement and use this energy. The aim of this project is
to dimension a 5MW power section in sodo town. We found that the photovoltaic solar panels
can be installed in series and in parallel; consequently, we first separated the power to 5000kW
in order to know the exact details of our installation. Then, the results that we found is
implemented in order to produce the power that we are looking for which is the 5MW. Hence,
for a power of 5000kW, we will be installing photovoltaic solar panel that is containing
7inverters in series. For the angle of the inclination, we used by @ = 9° since it is the depend on
altitude and latitude of the surface used in sodo. Concerning the AC and the DC parts of the
installation, we opted to protect those using fuses; this project will occupy a surface area of
28321m2 following the dimensions of the photovoltaic solar panels and the distance x computed
to avoid the shading effect.

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