Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practises in Wincanton Company UK

Implementation Of Green Supply Chain Management Practises
In Wincanton Company UK
Student Number:
Abstract
It is the goal of this study to figure out how management can deal with a circumstance like
this and eradicate the climate change problem, which is sensible in light of the research’s
primary concern. Green supply chain management and its relevance for the UK’s Wincanton
Company’s operating procedures are the primary focus of this study.
A survey of Wincanton Company’s 30 UK workers was conducted by the researcher using

accessible sample methods. Pragmatism has helped the researcher in the organisation locate
and perhaps uncover the most authentic and clear information and data from the market. The
researcher was able to discover the most effective and expected results and information for
learners and future researchers by using the thematic analysis approach.
The findings show that logistics, including supply chain methods and measures to reduce the
environmental impact of freight transit, play an important role in modern transportation
networks. Logistics and transportation are at the heart of all of the major concerns.
Distribution network approaches such as production planning, material processing, and
physical distribution are all part of green logistics. Green logistics solutions may be found in
production planning, material handling, and physical distribution. Green procurement, energy
efficiency, rainwater collecting, and the use of biodegradable bags in place of plastic
packaging are just some of the practises employed in the distribution operations business to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and waste. This industry has adopted sustainability concepts
such as supply chain optimization and the carbon cycle.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction..............................................................................................................5
1.1 Research Background.......................................................................................................5
1.2 Problem Statement...........................................................................................................5
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives..........................................................................................6
1.4 Research Questions..........................................................................................................6
1.5 Rationale of the Research.................................................................................................6
1.6 Significance of the Research............................................................................................7
1.7 Research Structure...........................................................................................................7
Chapter 2: Literature Review.....................................................................................................9
2.1 Concept and Importance of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)........................9
2.2 Emerging Demand of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices............................9
2.3 Opportunities with implementation of Sustainable and Green supply Chain

Management Practices.........................................................................................................10
2.4 Drivers of Green Supply Chain Practices......................................................................13
2.5 Challenges in adoption of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices....................14
2.6 Theoretical Analysis.......................................................................................................15
2.7 Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................18
2.8 Literature Gap................................................................................................................18
Chapter 3: Methodology..........................................................................................................19
3.1 Research Philosophy......................................................................................................19
3.2 Research Approach........................................................................................................19
3.3 Research Design.............................................................................................................20
3.4 Research Sampling.........................................................................................................20
3.5 Data Collection Process.................................................................................................21
3.6 Data Analysis Process....................................................................................................21
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3.7 Ethical Consideration.....................................................................................................22
Chapter 4: Findings..................................................................................................................23
4.1 Primary Quantitative Data..............................................................................................23
4.1.1 Survey.....................................................................................................................23
4.2 Secondary Qualitative Data............................................................................................30
4.2.1 Green Supply Chain, Logistics, and Transportation...............................................30
4.2.2 Supply chain management because of climate change: An overview of possible

impacts and the road ahead..............................................................................................32
4.2.3 Developing innovative and more sustainable approaches to reverse logistics and
the collection, recycling and disposal of waste products from urban centres..................33
Chapter 5: Discussion..............................................................................................................35
5.1 Analysis..........................................................................................................................35
5.1.1 Thematic Analysis...................................................................................................35
5.2 Summary........................................................................................................................38
Chapter 6: Conclusion..............................................................................................................39
6.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................39
6.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................40
6.3 Future Research Scope...................................................................................................41
References................................................................................................................................42
Appendices...............................................................................................................................48
Appendix 1: Survey Questionnaires.....................................................................................48
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Research Background
Researchers, professionals, and organizations have increased their study on green supply
chain management (GSCM) in recent years because of their rising interest and knowledge of
sustainable development challenges such as warming. Environmental issues resulting from
waste and emissions generated by various supply chain operations have prompted firms to
adopt appropriate green management methods (Sarkis, Zhu and Lai, 2011). As a result,
businesses must be prepared to answer inquiries regarding the environmental sustainability of
their production products and supply chain policies like Wincanton Company.
GSCM methods benefit both the economic and environmental profitability of a firm.
Numerous corporate organizations can leverage Among the several GSCM activities, it may
be classified as reactionary to proactive practices that are executed via different Re-s
including such reduce, reusing, rework, refurbishment, recapture, recycling, reconditioning,
and reverse supply. The use of GSCM procedures is designed to improve environmental
performance as measured by the reduction of environmental emissions (Habib et al., 2021),
the management of liquid waste, the management of household waste, and the use of
hazardous materials. When it comes to offering long-term effective solutions for each of its
industry areas, The Wincanton Way goes above and beyond. With over 200 sites throughout
the UK (Merkestein and Lindeque, 2020), Wincanton is a prominent supplier of supply chain
solutions for British companies. From more than 200 sites around the United States,
Wincanton’s 19,600-strong workforce uses 3,500 cars.
1.2 Problem Statement
An organization’s environmental objectives are satisfied when raw materials and

manufacturing techniques used in sustainable green purchasing are used. To reduce their
effect on the environment, companies may provide preference to suppliers that recycle,
dispose of trash, and reuse resources (Green et al., 2012). Such reasons may help to put
weight on other supplier businesses to implement similar ecological aims to become much
more durable and appealing to shareholders, and hence more creditworthy. A company can
improve both its environmental and economic benefits by using GSCM procedures.
Companies may achieve financial and operational share targets while decreasing
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environmental expenditures and ensuring ecologically friendly operations thanks to the
introduction of GSCM, which is a revolutionary new technique.
Using GSCM may be useful for the company since it may serve as a source of revenue for the
company. In this regard, the main concern of this research is to evaluate the impact of the
green supply chain development in a company context. In this regard, the problem of this
research is to examine the green perception of the management of a company and the green
exportation of raw materials in the organizational context of Wincanton Company. Therefore,
through this analysis, the actual situation of an organization comes to the forefront of valid
research.
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives
Aim
The main aim of this research is to examine the impact of green supply chain management
and its significance over the operational procedure of Wincanton Company of the UK.
Objectives
Based on the Aim of this research the objectives are presented below:
 To understand the importance of green supply chain management in Wincanton

Company of UK
 To Analysis the demand of the green supply chain management to reduce climate
change issues
 To identify the challenges of the green supply chain management
 To recognise the theoretical underpinning of GSCM
1.4 Research Questions
Q1. What are the factors that can create pressure to initiate green supply chain
management?
Q2. How could the organisation be helped by implementing the CSGM in the
operational process?
Q3. What are the possible barriers to implementing the CSGM?
Q4. What are the sustainable theoretical approaches for green supply chain
management?
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1.5 Rationale of the Research
In its broadest sense, “green supply chain management” (GSCM) refers to the practice of
reducing environmental impact throughout the supply chain. This includes product design
and development, order fulfilment and selection, production processes, among other things
(Laosirihongthong, Adebanjo and Tan, 2013). In developing nations, most businesses and
organizations use global supply chain management (GSCM) to decrease the environmental
effect of their different business operations, rather than taking a proactive approach to
reducing the sources of waste and pollution. This revolt has been spurred by environmental
laws implemented by the government. As a result of the environmental degradation caused by
waste creation, ecological disruptions, and resource scarcity, several industrial organizations
have embraced green supply chain management (GSCM) methodologies in the Wincanton
Company.
Therefore, in this regard, this research is to identify the facts behind the supply chain
management and how the management can cope with such a situation to eliminate the climate
issue which is rational as per the main problem of the research in the selected organizational
context.
1.6 Significance of the Research
The GSCM practices concept was developed to evaluate a company’s environmental

protection capabilities. Wincanton Company in the United Kingdom, which aspires to
increase its prospects of developing a share of the market in international trade, believes that
putting GSCM practices in place is essential (Cazeri et al., 2017). Therefore, through this
extensive level of research, the reader, as well as the researcher, can get a wide level of
knowledge and know the facts regarding the company context. Therefore, this research is
significant enough as per the fixed aim and objectives.
1.7 Research Structure
I. Chapter One establishes the study’s goal and scope and details the research
methodology. This chapter summarizes the context of the study and justifies the
research field decision. Additionally, the first chapter discusses the study’s purpose
and goals, as well as the research framework.
II. Chapter two is a literature review, analysing existing models and ideas in the topic.
This chapter describes key terms and describes a secondary data search strategy. This
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chapter covers many authors’ perspectives on research and the research problem in
specific.
III. The methodology is the focus of Chapter Three. Explains how to conduct a scientific
study and discusses research philosophy in this chapter. The methodology part also
explains study design and data gathering procedures. This chapter covers the study’s
sampling and ethical issues.
IV. The next chapter is based on findings that have gathered the various data and analysis
based on the proposed methods based on the methodology
V. Chapter Five is a debate and analysis. This section is vital in achieving the research
goals. It compares results from the research study to findings from primary data.
VI. Chapter six describes the study goal and aims. The chapter acknowledges the study’s
shortcomings and proposes future research opportunities.
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Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Concept and Importance of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)
During the early phases of the industrial revolution, pollution from industry was not a major
concern as it is now, and no professionals attempted to engage the inquiry into environmental
risks as soon as possible. Prior to the industrial revolution, Supply Chain Management was
always viewed as an effort to maximise profits while keeping costs down, and to reduce
waste in the production of the essential commodities for company (Kerber and Dreckshage,
2017).
For the environment, green supply chain management (GSCM) strategies can have a
significant impact. Using less energy in the supply chain means less carbon dioxide (CO 2)
and other air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere. CO2 is a major greenhouse gas that is
responsible for global warming and is emitted by a variety of human activities, from
industrial processes to driving automobiles (Al‐Ghussain, 2019). The commercial fishing
industry, for example, is already feeling the effects of climate change, as is the forestry
industry. Businesses can do a great deal to reduce or stop global warming and secure a bright
future for our world by making the move to more sustainable practises.
To further decrease waste and save non-renewable resources, green supply chain strategies
are implemented. Because businesses who use recycled paper goods instead of plastic avoid
putting waste into landfills and vulnerable ecosystems, they are lowering their dependence on
petroleum-based materials at the same time. In order to reduce fuel consumption, they can
improve the efficiency of loading trucks and enforce tougher rules on driving speed and
idling. Furthermore, they protect future generations’ access to resources by adhering to
principles of environmentally sound agriculture and forestry (Tseng et al., 2019). GSCM
practises are more than only good for the health of our planet. It’s crucial to the long-term
viability of businesses and communities.
2.2 Emerging Demand of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices
Climate Change and Global Warming
People throughout the world face a growing threat from global warming and climate change.
Since the global temperature is steadily rising, worldwide organisations have been urging
global companies to take action to limit carbon emissions, which is causing the loss of
habitats of several species. Because of this, many species are rapidly disappearing, causing an
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imbalance in the ecosystem. Global warming, according to Charnley et al. (2021), might
result in more frequent and severe drought, an increase in disease outbreaks, acidification of
the oceans, and a rise in death rates.
Climate change and global warming pose a growing danger to the world population, and it is
imperative that action be taken now to cut carbon emissions. In addition, flooding and heat
waves caused by climate change, according to Ullah et al. (2019), might lead to the
destruction of crops and property. It’s imperative that companies take action to minimise their
carbon emissions since climate change can have a direct impact on world health.
Environmental Degradation and Logistic Operations
Logistics and supply chain companies primarily focus on delivering raw materials and
finished commodities from one point to another. However, because these logistics companies
run their trucks on fossil fuel, they use a lot of natural resources and emit a lot of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere.
In response to the fast expansion of global enterprises, industrial activity is on the rise
(Aiginger and Rodrik, 2020). The use of cars to meet the needs of industry is also on the rise.
The environmental impact of logistics operations is becoming more and more of an issue. 30
per cent of worldwide CO2 emissions are attributed to international trade-related
transportation operations, according to the International Transport Forum (ITF) (Itf-oecd.org,
2021). As a result, the global supply chain and logistical services are linked to environmental
deterioration inextricably.
Emerging Need for Logistics in The Economy
Industrial operations rely heavily on logistics services, from large to small businesses, to
supply raw materials or deliver produced items from warehouses to retail outlets.
Increasingly, multinational corporations are constructing new offices in emerging and
underdeveloped countries and employing local staff to manage their operational
responsibilities as a result of globalisation. Firms’ internationalisation is helping the poor
world’s economies expand faster, according to the findings of Allen et al. (2020). The global
economy is steadily growing, and globalisation is one of the primary aspects that contribute
favourably to the growth of the global economy by offering possibilities for new talent in
emerging and backward countries.
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2.3 Opportunities with implementation of Sustainable and Green supply
Chain Management Practices
Advances in Science and Technology
Technological advancements are making it possible for businesses to more readily embrace
sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chain strategies. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
and Business Analytics are helping companies better understand the requirements and wants
of their consumers (Khrais, 2020). Thus, companies may produce fashionable and demanding
clothing that reduces the need for shipping in order to handle consumer returns. It is possible
to build good contact with supply chain partners thanks to digital technologies, as stated by
Agrawal and Narain (2018). With the rise of virtual cooperation, it is becoming easier to hold
meetings without the need for travel. Modern technologies have a positive impact on
corporate processes by speeding them up.
Sustainable and Green Purchasing
The use of raw materials and processes that assure the achievement of an organization’s
environmental goals is referred to as ‘sustainable and green purchasing.’ Companies should
prioritise suppliers who recycle, manage waste, and reuse resources in order to lessen their
environmental effect (Esmaeilifar et al., 2020). These motivations can assist in exerting
influence on other supplier companies to adhere to the same environmental standards in order
to become more sustainable and attractive to investors.
Firms and their suppliers must adhere to environmental protection measures to guarantee
Sustainable and Green buying and the total environmental effect of the organisation can be
greatly minimised (Seman et al., 2019). Pressure is being exerted by the governments of
numerous countries to lower their overall environmental effect and become sustainable.
Businesses must concentrate on Sustainable and Green buying in order to remain competitive
in the current climate. This may be accomplished by selecting supplier firms that follow
Sustainable and Green environmentally friendly practises as well as by incorporating
sustainable practises within individual organisational operations.
Green and Sustainable Innovation
The term ‘GREEN’ refers to the employment of cutting-edge technology that can assist an
organisation recycle and reuse its waste materials. By recycling and reusing materials,
contemporary technology may help minimise product waste and, hence, carbon emissions.
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S&G innovations include implementing sustainable management techniques in order to
lessen the environmental effect of business operations, as argued by Abbas and
Sağsan (2019). There are several ways in which managers may help promote the Sustainable
and Green supply chain process as well as encourage other stakeholders to adopt
environmentally friendly practises in their daily activity.
Approaches to Sustainability and Green Management
To limit the total negative impact of corporate operations on the environment, managers that
follow a Sustainable and Green Managerial style apply laws and regulations, monitor
operational activities, and develop plans. Chen and Yang (2019) believe that operational
activities and good monitoring systems may aid in the implementation of sustainable and
green practises in an organisation.
Equal support from workers and other stakeholders was necessary for the organization’s
sustainable goals to be achieved through the use of Sustainable and Green management
practises (Seman et al., 2019). Larger companies with many branches might have a tough
time controlling all of their operational activities on a regular basis. According to Esmaeilian
et al. (2020), on the other hand, the use of digital CCTV cameras and blockchain technology
can aid in successfully monitoring and controlling operational operations. Modern businesses
must thus rely on digital technology to gain total command of their widely dispersed
operational processes.
Marketing Approaches that are Sustainable and Green
Sustainable and Green marketing refers to the development of environmentally friendly and
sustainable techniques for the promotion of the product. Plant-based plastics, mushroom root,
and sustainable and green cell foams, according to Atiwesh et al. (2021), can replace standard
plastic packaging. As a result, efforts are being made in the fields of research and
development to find alternatives to plastic that are less harmful to the environment. To reduce
carbon emissions, it is vital to replace plastic with more environmentally friendly materials.
Green Packaging
Proper and optimal packaging for various commodities can contribute to an increase in the
number of transportations throughout the world. Ecological packaging, also known as
sustainable packaging, makes use of environmentally friendly materials and production
methods that reduce their negative influence on the environment (Moustafa et al., 2019).
Materials such as bio-plastic, which is plastic derived from plants, recyclable paper, and
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items that can be recovered after use are all examples of environmentally friendly packaging
materials. These bio-composite materials, nano sheets, and natural fibres are all components
of green packaging. The ‘institute for health and consumer protection’ estimated that the
market for nano materials in food packaging will reach $20 billion by 2020, based on
research done at the nano size (Daneshniya et al., 2020). Green packaging has taken off in the
Industrial sector to a whole new level of popularity.
Green Training
Workers are educated on how to use green practises in their workplaces so that resources are
properly used, waste is minimised and energy is conserved while also limiting their impact on
the environment. Green training is an essential instrument to promote environmental health,
and the government should also take the subject in hand and adopt environmentally beneficial
acts. Employees are encouraged to engage in the company’s environmental initiatives
(Wiradirja et al., 2020). According to the findings of these research, green training is not an
option but rather a must for achieving various corporate objectives. Taking care of the
environment will always be a must for a responsible corporation, as will thinking up more
environmentally friendly ways of doing business, because a company needs to function
ethically and responsibly in the long term if it wants to flourish or thrive in the business
sector (Teixeira et al., 2016). And studies suggest that green training contributes to an
employee’s career advancement, as well as a positive indicator that the employee becomes
more responsible and takes care of the world.
2.4 Drivers of Green Supply Chain Practices
GSCM adoption at chip manufacturing companies is driven by both internal and external
factors, with the latter focusing more on the improvement of risk management owing to
supply chain disruptions. Collaboration with suppliers is also critical in the hunt for
environmentally friendly alternatives to materials and equipment. Non-governmental
organisations (NGOs), government agencies, and consumers are all examples of external
stakeholders. Businesses in the Philippines have been studied by Tseng et al. (2019), who
found that Filipino manufacturing enterprises are able to manage green supply chain activities
and tackle environmental issues in a general manner. With the aid of government rules, Hysa
et al. (2020) found that environmental sustainability can be enhanced. Organizations will
only pay as much as is necessary to meet their short-term financial objectives to protect the
environment, which is why society is the main stakeholder. According to this reasoning,
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green activities should not be an option but a legal duty. ‘Reactive, focused, opportunistic,
and proactive’ are the four categories of eco-friendly methods described by Akhtar (2019).
Eco-friendly responsiveness can be low, medium, or high, depending on the strategy used.
This study found that reactive strategies were used most frequently; focused strategies were
used most frequently; opportunistic strategies were used most frequently; and proactive
strategies were most frequently used. Milutinović et al. (2017) discovered more than 40
indicators for measuring a company’s environmental management practises, such as air
emissions, energy recovery, recycling, etc.
GSCM, or green supply chain management, is becoming increasingly important to businesses

all over the world. The GSCM drivers in a corporation or company can be characterised as
government-related, organization-related, or society-related. Research reveals that cost
drivers and customer-related factors have an influence on green practises, which naturally
benefits the environment or planet earth. A company’s size has a significant impact on the
effects of its green supply chain drivers. Cost drivers, which differ by company size, have a
relatively modest impact on the impacts on customers, but have a significantly higher impact
on smaller enterprises (Wang et al., 2018). Because the supplier is responsible for providing
the services to the business, a healthy connection between the organisation and its suppliers is
critical to the success of the Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM).
The Green Supply Chain Management may be boosted by the government’s rules and
regulations, as well as its financial incentives (GSCM). The government can offer incentives
or awards to businesses that do not harm the environment, but instead contribute to its well-
being. For example, ISO:14001 is the environmental certificate that the firm must follow in
order to receive this certification, which demonstrates that their product is safe and
consumers can rely on it because of this certification (Iatridis and Kesidou, 2018). Businesses
and corporations are also encouraged to do more for the environment and the world while
making money, which is a win-win scenario for everyone. There are eco-friendly designs that
everyone can agree on, and they don’t harm anyone’s health in any way. Cooperative efforts
among producers and suppliers are essential to minimising harmful consequences and
maximising resource use in order to prevent resource waste. Environmentally-friendly
products may attract a huge number of customers if their prices are maintained fair, and
consumers will always choose to purchase green products at a reasonable price over chemical
goods that are harmful to both humans and the environment.
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2.5 Challenges in adoption of Sustainable and Green supply Chain
Practices
A Scarcity of Empirical Studies
There has been a lot of effort put into finding an alternative to plastic packaging. Plastic, on
the other hand, is a more cost-effective and long-lasting option. Electric automobiles are
being developed to lessen transportation’s negative environmental effect; however, they are
only available from luxury automakers. Supply chain needs necessitate the use of pricey
electric cars, but these companies cannot afford them (Mayyas et al., 2019). Because of this,
further study is needed to lower the selling prices for industrial supply chain activities’
electric cars.
Customers, Suppliers, And Shareholders Are Not Aware of The Risks
Sustainable practises need the cooperation of all stakeholders, as each stakeholder is directly
or indirectly affected by the decision of the organisation. Customers are expected to foot the
bill for the additional packaging costs incurred as a result of switching from plastic to
something more durable. According to Hamzah and Shamsudin (2020), customer happiness
boosts sales and income for companies. Organizations therefore rely on both external and
internal stakeholders to execute new ideas.
An Elevated Price
In order to save money, businesses can use sustainable practises, such as avoiding plastic
packaging for their products. Recycling and reusing waste materials can save companies
money, according to the findings of Nußholz et al. (2019). It’s worth noting that recycling
can save money, but it requires additional investment in recycling facilities or technology.
Management Skills and Knowledge Are Lacking in This Situation
Management and leadership skills are critical to the success of implementing new ideas.
Individual managerial approaches and abilities to effectively and positively implement
sustainable practises will determine whether or not the adoption of sustainable and green
supply chain practises is a success.
2.6 Theoretical Analysis
The Triple Bottom Line Theory of Elkington
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Companies are meant to care for people, planet, and profit, according to the ‘triple bottom
line’ (TBL) theory. According to Liang et al. (2018), the Triple Bottom Line theory states
that organisations should not just focus on profit whereas people and the environment are also
vital. Firms need to embrace methods that are both profitable and beneficial to the
community in order to be successful.
Figure: Elkington’s triple bottom line Theory
(Source: Liang et al., 2018)
Supply chain techniques that are environmentally and socially sustainable can assist logistics
companies implement strategies that increase profit margins, but do not negatively impact
people or the environment. Firms may save money and lower their carbon footprint by
adopting sustainable supply chain activities like recycling and reusing.
Stakeholder Theory
All stakeholders’ interests should be taken into consideration while planning an

organization’s strategy, according to the Stakeholder Theory. Stakeholder theory, according
to Jones et al. (2018), indicates that a company’s internal and external stakeholders are
equally significant. Customers, workers, and suppliers should all be included when an
organization’s bottom line is calculated, not only its shareholders.
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Figure: Stakeholder Theory
(Source: Jones et al., 2018)
When it comes to sustainable and green supply chain management, an organization’s carbon
footprint is minimised while simultaneously improving the health of its worldwide customers,
both of which are important considerations in today’s world. It is possible to save money by
decreasing trash and adopting recycling and reusing procedures throughout the supply chain.
As a result, businesses are able to expand financially, pay their workers better, and
incorporate cutting-edge technology to boost productivity.
The Change Management Theory of Kurt Lewin
There are three steps to implementing change in Lewin’s Change Management Theory: first
to raise awareness, then to implement and then to monitor employees’ attitudes and
behaviour. According to Bashori et al. (2020), the Unfreezing level of Lewin’s theory
comprises educating workers on the underlying causes of change in order to get their
cooperation and support throughout the change management process. Challenge management
approaches necessitate the participation of employees, and their input is invaluable in helping
to effectively adopt new initiatives. The Changing step of Lewin’s change management
involved making new changes after Unfreezing, while the Refreezing stage ensures that
employees and employers do not relapse to their previous patterns.
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Figure: Lewin’s Change Management Theory
(Source: Bashori et al. 2020)
Standard change management procedures may be used to adopt sustainable and green supply
chain operations in logistics companies. In order to obtain the support of all stakeholders,
suppliers, workers, and consumers should be recognised for their efforts to implement
sustainable and environmentally friendly practises.
2.7 Conceptual Framework
“Saving cost through “Triple Bottom

recycling and reusing Line theory
“Global
Sustainable and Stakeholder
Warming Green Purchasing theory
Climate Sustainable and
Lewin’s Change
Change” Green Management”
management
Theory”
Sustainable and
Green Supply Chain
Practices in Logistics
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2.8 Literature Gap
Understanding the benefits and obstacles of implementing Sustainable and Green supply
chain practises in logistics companies was the focus of this study. However, there is a wealth
of information about the necessity of sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chain
strategies in various industries. Literature on Sustainable and Green supply chain practises
application in logistics companies have been scarce.
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Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Research Philosophy
“A research philosophy is a view about the method in which evidence regarding a

phenomenon should be obtained, evaluated and applied.” The word epistemology as opposed
to doxology incorporates the numerous philosophies of research technique. Generally, there
four fundamental research philosophies are available like positivism, realism, pragmatism
and interpretivism (Mitchell and Education, 2018). Generally, this study has been conducted
by adopting the pragmatism philosophy for successfully and effectively conduct and
accomplish the entire study. The pragmatist school of thought provides with a method for
evaluating the convictions and discovering the realities that lie underneath them.
That’s why this epistemological philosophy is more valuable than others that focus more on
the notion of knowing. Through the assessment of beliefs and ideas, pragmatism offers the
researcher with a path to truth. This is accomplished by examining the impact of a particular
notion or belief on the behaviour and then deciding whether or not to hold on to it (Allmark
and Machaczek, 2018). In this aspect, for this research study regarding, “Implementation of
Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”, the selection of
pragmatism philosophy has significantly and proficiently enabled the researcher in
organisation identify and potentially discover the most authentic and evident information and
data from the market.
3.2 Research Approach
The term “team research” might signify various things to different scientists. Some research
methodologies, such as data collecting and analysis, and the distinctions among qualitative
and quantitative approaches, may be implied by a study’s research methodology. Generally,
there are three fundamental kinds of research approaches like inductive research approach,
deductive research and abductive research. However, by considering this study regarding
“Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Wincanton Company
UK”, the researcher has utilised and implemented the inductive research approach (Azungah,
2018). Starting with an observation or an inference, the inductive process starts. In order to
determine whether or not the judgement or likely conclusion is correct, additional
investigation is needed.
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When using inductive reasoning, a person will examine the provided context, the realm, and
attempt or test many possibilities in order to arrive at an answer. An inductive thinker might
benefit from this form of analysis not just for the aim of investigating or analysing
probability, but also for the purpose of determining how correct or erroneous the original
evaluations and conclusions are (Walter and Ophir, 2019). In this aspect, the utilisation and
application of the inductive research approach enabled the researcher for investing and
analysing the data for developing a new information and knowledge regarding the study.
3.3 Research Design
For researchers, a study design allows them to explore new territory while yet maintaining a
methodical approach. In the same manner that an engineer or architect chooses a design from
a variety of techniques to see what kind of study should be conducted, a researcher does the
same. Generally, the researcher has utilised and applied the explanatory research design
method within this study. For the purpose of furthering a researcher’s hypotheses,
explanatory design incorporates their ideas and thoughts (Wipulanusat et al., 2020).
Unknown parts of a topic are explained and information of research questions are provided in
the study. In order to better comprehend a certain issue, scholars use explanatory research
methods.
This may help them better understand a certain subject. Explanatory study may help people
comprehend the underlying causes of a phenomena and forecast future events. In this aspect,
for this study regarding “Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in
Wincanton Company UK”, the researcher has been able to effectively and successfully
explain all the authentic and evident information and data within this study (McCrudden and
McTigue, 2019). In this way, by effectively using the explanatory research design, the
researcher has been able to proficiently and efficiently develop a significant knowledge that
enhance the acceptability of this study to the future researchers and learners.
3.4 Research Sampling
A sample is a subset of data taken from a broader population by a researcher following a

predetermined technique of selection. Examples of these items are sample points,
observations, or sampling units. Create a sample to conduct research quickly and easily.
Researching the whole population is usually unfeasible, as well as expensive and time
intensive (Victor et al., 2020). Thus, the study of a small sample yields insights that may be
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applied to the population as a whole. In this aspect, there are several research sampling
methods that proficiently help to sample the data and information regarding the study topic.
Among these methods, the researcher utilised and implement the convenient sampling
methods to conduct a survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK. “In
simple words, convenience sampling refers to the ease with which a researcher may obtain a
respondent. This sample can’t be derived using a scientific procedure.” Selected components
are chosen solely on the basis of proximity rather than representativeness, and researchers
have almost little control over this (Wootton et al., 2022). When time and money are at a
premium, non-probability sampling is the best option. Thus, by using the convenient research
sampling method, the researcher has been able to effectively and successfully collect the
primary quantitative and secondary qualitative data.
3.5 Data Collection Process
The systematic process of obtaining data about a certain topic is known as data collection.
During the data collecting phase, it is critical to verify that the data is comprehensive and that
it is obtained legally and ethically. If this isn’t the case, the results of the analysis will be
inaccurate, with potentially disastrous results (de Lusignan et al., 2020). Generally, the
researcher has been considered the primary quantitative and secondary qualitative data
collection process for this research study regarding “Implementation of Green Supply Chain
Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”. It is possible for both the primary and
secondary data to be quantitative or qualitative (verbal).
Statistics, averages, and percentages are often used in quantitative research since it relies on
large samples of participants. Quantitative research has the benefit of being able to provide a
precise response. The tales, anecdotes, and descriptive adjectives that individuals have for
items or lifestyle traits may be more easily elicited in qualitative research. In this way, by
implementing and adopting the method of primary quantitative and secondary qualitative data
collection, the researcher has been able to collect the most authentic and evident information
(Dumont, Klinge and Maaz, 2019). Data from the respondents and from the peer-reviewed
journals, scholarly articles, existing research papers, PDFs, etc. enabled the researcher to
gather and collect the most authentic, appropriate and evident information and data from the
research topic.
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Q1. What is your age To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice
group? about the age group
Q2. How long experience To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

you have in your about their experience
organisation?
Q3. Why Wincanton To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

Company needs green and about why the company
sustainable supply chain needs green and sustainable
management approach? supply chain.
Q4. How the managers of To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

Wincanton Company about how the supply chain
manage their suppliers to managers manage their
practice sustainably? operations.
Q5. What kinds of To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

initiatives Wincanton about what initiatives taken
Company has taken for by the company for
developing supply chain developing supply chain
management system? management system.
Q6. How Wincanton To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

Company will be benefited about how the organisational
by practicing sustainable will be benefited by
and green supply chain practicing green and
management? sustainable supply chain
management practices.
Q7. What kinds of To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

challenges Winton about what kinds of
Company has considered challenges are facing by the
for adoption of sustainable company.
and green supply chain
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practices?
Q8. Do you agree that To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

Winton Company can gain about opportunities gained
opportunities by by the company through
implementing green supply practicing green and
chain practices? sustainable supply chain
management practices.
Q9. What kinds of factors To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

encourage your firm to about what factors
implement green supply encourage the firm to adopt
chain management green supply chain
practices? management system.
Q10. Do you agree that the To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice
organisational suppliers about how organisational
also being benefited? supplier will be benefited.
Q11. Do you agree that To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice

your any threat can be about what kinds of threats
occurred in organisational can be occurred in the
profitability by organisation.
implementing future green
supply chain practices?
Q12. Do you agree that the To gain the knowledge Multiple Choice
green supply chain about how green and
practices helping your sustainable supply chain
firm to gain competitive management practices help
advantage? to gain competitive
advantage.
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3.6 Data Analysis Process
In order to make sense of the supplied data, the data analysis procedure consists of a series of
processes. It’s to identify the crucial steps in a data analysis procedure. Although each stage
is crucial, the data must be processed appropriately in order to deliver meaningful
information (Taylor et al., 2018). A data analysis procedure flow may be broken down into
five distinct stages. Finding, collecting, analysing, and modelling data is the process of
extracting meaningful information and insights from the data and using the resultant
knowledge for data-driven decision making.
Generally, there are a vast number of data analysis techniques are available that proficiently
and potentially help the researchers to effectively analyse the all the collected and gathered
information in order to develop and demonstrate a unique information and knowledge to the
readers. In this way, the researcher will utilise and implement the thematic analysis method
within this research (Mason et al., 2021). Thus, by applying the thematic analysis method, the
researcher has been able to identify the potential themes to provide the most effective and
expected result and information to the learners and the future researchers.
3.7 Ethical Consideration
Scientific misconduct, academic dishonesty, and other unethical practises have been averted
by a variety of methods to enhance research ethics as a cornerstone of scientific activity.
Ethical considerations include honesty, informed consent, anonymization and preservation of
data, the right to access data for participants, and the responsibility of confidentiality for
researchers. Ethical considerations for special-needs education research need maintaining the
integrity of participants and informants. This norm focuses on the protection of individuals
from different sorts of danger and the safeguarding of their identities, particularly concerns
for avoiding stigmatisation of certain groups or communities (Korir, Mittelmeier and
Rienties, 2019). To put it another way, there’s the possibility that a specific ethnic group is
overrepresented among the families and children who have been reported to the child
protection agencies. In these situations, it’s critical to explain the context while also
emphasising the need of child protection services as part of a comprehensive welfare system.
Ethical issues arise when such study findings are made public. Data archiving is not common
in qualitative research. Concerns have been raised about preserving subjects’ personal beliefs,
as well. The optimum strategy, however, is to arrange anonymization at the time of original
transcribed (Mehdipour Rabori, Dehghan and Nematollahi, 2019). Anonymity may be
Page | 25
protected by using pseudonyms or substitutes. A separate record should be kept of any
replacements, aggregations, or deletions from the anonymized data files. Qualitative data, on
the other hand, are difficult to misinterpret because of the conditions under which they are
collected, which creates further ethical questions.
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Chapter 4: Findings
4.1 Primary Quantitative Data
4.1.1 Survey
Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK,
the researcher has been able to identify that around 26/7% of employees belong to the age
group of 18 to 28 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK. “Moreover, around 20% of
employees belong to the age group of 28 to 38 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK.
On the other hand, approximately 16.7% of employees belong to the age group of 38 to 48
years old in Wincanton Company in the UK. Furthermore, around 20% of employees belong
to the age group of 48 to 58 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK. In addition to this,
approximately 16.7% of employees belong to age group of above 58 years old in Wincanton
Company in the UK.”
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“Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK,
the researcher has been able to identify that around 20% of employees have 2 to 5 years of
experience for their organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK.
Moreover, 23.3% of employees have 5 to 8 years of experience for their organisational job
practices in Wincanton Company in the UK. On the other hand, approximately 16.7% of
employees have 8 to 11 years of experience for their organisational job practices in
Wincanton Company in the UK. Furthermore, around 16.7% of employees have 11-14 years
of experience for their organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK. In
addition to this, approximately 23.3% of employees have 14-17 years of experience for their
organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK.”
the researcher has been able to identify that around 36.7% of employees have said that
Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach for
environmental sustainability. Moreover, 40% of employees have said that Wincanton
Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach for reducing
carbon emission. On the other hand, approximately 23.3% of employees have said that
Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach for
reducing the using of harmful approaches.
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the researcher has been able to identify that around 40% of employees have said that the
managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably by
considering governmental legislation. Moreover, around 43.3% of employees have said that
the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably by
reducing supply chain expenses. On the other hand, approximately 16.7% of employees have
said that the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably
by enhancing supplier’s profitability.
the researcher has been able to identify that around 33.3% of employees have said that the
initiatives by Wincanton Company have taken for developing supply chain management
system by practicing green supply chain. Moreover, around 40% of employees have said that
the initiatives by Wincanton Company have taken for developing supply chain management
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system by developing technological utilisation. On the other hand, approximately 26.7% of
employees have said that the initiatives by Wincanton Company have taken for developing
supply chain management system by enhancing quality of product.
the researcher has been able to identify that around 43.3% of employees have said that
Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain
management due to the protection against reputational damage. Moreover, around 20% of
employees have said that Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable
and green supply chain management due to the improvement of continuity of supply. On the
other hand, approximately 20% of employees have said that Wincanton Company will be
benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management due to the potential
for new partnership. Furthermore, around 16.7% of employees have said that Wincanton
Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management due
to the reduction of environmental impact.
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the researcher has been able to identify that around 40% of employees have said that the
challenges regarding increasing expenses Wincanton Company have considered for adoption
of sustainable and green supply chain practices. Moreover, around 36.7% of employees have
said that the challenges regarding problems in negotiations Wincanton Company have
considered for adoption of sustainable and green supply chain practices. On the other hand,
approximately 23.3% of employees have said that the challenges regarding changes in supply
chain infrastructure Wincanton Company have considered for adoption of sustainable and
green supply chain practices.
the researcher has been able to identify that around 23.3% of employees have strongly agreed
that Wincanton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain
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practices. Moreover, around 16.7% of employees have agreed that Wincanton Company can
gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain practices. On the other hand,
approximately 16.7% of employees did not share any response to this question. Furthermore,
around 20% of employees have disagreed that Wincanton Company can gain opportunities by
implementing green supply chain practices. In addition to this, approximately 23.3% of
employees have strongly disagreed that Wincanton Company can gain opportunities by
implementing green supply chain practices.
the researcher has been able to identify that around 33.3% of employees have said that the
environmental factors encourage the firm to implement green supply chain management
practices. “Moreover, around 30% of employees have said that the consumer factors
encourage the firm to implement green supply chain management practices. On the other
hand, approximately 13.3% of employees have said that the cost factors encourage the firm to
implement green supply chain management practices. Furthermore, around 23.3% of
employees have said that the supplier factors encourage the firm to implement green supply
chain management practices.”
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that the organisational suppliers also being benefited. Moreover, around 20% of employees
have agreed that the organisational suppliers also being benefited. About 23.3% of workers
didn’t respond at all to this question, though. Around 13.3% of workers disagree that the
company’s vendors have profited as well. In addition, almost 20% of workers strongly
disagree that the company’s suppliers are also benefiting.
that any kinds of threats can be occurred in the organisational profitability by implementing
future green supply chain practices. Moreover, around 20% of employees have agreed that
any kinds of threats can be occurred in the organisational profitability by implementing future
green supply chain practices. However, around 16.7 percent of workers did not provide any
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answer to this question. Furthermore, around 23.3% of workers believe that adopting future
green supply chain practises might pose any challenges to the profitability of the
organisation. In addition, 16.7% of workers strongly disagree with the notion that adopting
future green supply chain practises would have any negative impact on the profitability of the
organisation.
the researcher has been able to identify that around 20% of employees have strongly agreed
that the green supply chain practices helping the firm to gain competitive advantage.
Moreover, around 20% of employees have agreed that the green supply chain practices
helping the firm to gain competitive advantage. However, around 16.7 percent of workers did
not provide any answer to this question. The green supply chain policies are not helping the
company acquire a competitive edge, according to 16.7 percent of workers. 26.7 percent of
workers strongly disagreed that the green supply chain methods helped the company acquire
a competitive edge.
4.2 Secondary Qualitative Data
4.2.1 Green Supply Chain, Logistics, and Transportation
In Machado and Davim (2017) research paper, all of this is covered in this chapter’s
discussion of the concept of a “green supply chain network.” Returns and products reaching
the end of their useful lives are becoming more important to companies due to environmental
concerns. Companies must be quick to react to market changes and product life cycles to
maintain their competitive edge during volatile economic times. Sustainability and
sustainable supply chain activities are increasingly becoming top priorities for many
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businesses and organizations as they seek to reduce supply chains while lowering their
carbon emissions and being good stewards of the planet’s environmental assets.
Transportation and logistics operations account for more than 75% of a company’s
environmental impact. A well-managed transportation network can support green supply
chain activities while reducing shipping costs by 5–40 per cent.
Modern transportation networks rely heavily on logistics, which includes supply chain
techniques and measures to reduce the environmental impact of freight transportation.
Transportation, manufacturing, waste disposal, and logistics are all major concerns. Green
logistics involves various distribution network approaches, including production planning,
material handling, and physical distribution. Distribution operations use energy efficiency,
greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction (Machado and Davim, 2017), rainwater harvesting
or treatment, reducing waste, reduced plastic wrapping use of compostable bags, item and
packaging reprocessing, and green procurement strategies. Sustainability concepts such as the
supply chain and the carbon cycle have become commonplace in the supply chain.
In this regard, in the wide level of research of Saada (2020), it has been claimed that, As part
of their attempts to integrate green transportation into their logistics operations, companies
are also focusing on GSCM connectivity. Transportation is presently the primary driver of
climate change, health concerns, and greenhouse gases. In light of these concerns,
governments have been forced to create policies to reduce carbon emissions. Employing
green supply chain management techniques has the overriding purpose of reducing the
consumption of raw materials, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions, and the usage of
recyclable materials. In addition, several other elements have been included in GSCM
processes, such as business alliances with consumers and partners, which assist in
incorporating environmental initiatives, green mobility, and reverse supply.
Suppliers, consumers, and their transportation requirements all play a critical part in
broadening the idea of logistics. Numerous organizations have used advancements in-vehicle
technology to enhance the productivity of the environment, freight, and public passenger
transportation (Saada, 2020). Additional considerations for the implementation of
environmental transportation must be given to the residual fossil fuel resources that are
highly useful and can be infused into combustion engines (ICE). Additionally, since lithium
and other metals are needed in the batteries and engines of electric cars, preserving and
sustainable use of accessible stocks of lithium and other metals is critical for the fast growth
of transportation. A significant driver of green innovation is the importance placed on the role
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of suppliers. To successfully develop a green supply chain and to accomplish green
environmental goals, the correct supplier selection is important.
4.2.2 Supply chain management because of climate change: An overview of possible

impacts and the road ahead
As per the article of Dasaklis and Pappis (2013), it has been seen that there are various types
of challenges in supply chain management. This research will analyze the impacts of climate
change on distribution networks and the consequences for supply chain management in terms
of both strategic and operational planning. The guide also includes a detailed outline of the
most successful research methods. Analysis of relevant literature and rigorous data
categorisation are used to give important insights into global warming and the supply chain in
the study. As a result of climate change, supply chain operations and management are being
assessed systematically, and suggestions for future research are provided. Scholars may use
this paper as a starting point to pursue new research avenues in the supply chain in light of
climate change. It is possible that these insights may help practitioners, in particular those in
charge of building supply chain agendas that create value, better their management
approaches.
Companies confront a wide range of physical and economic risks due to climate change.
These dangers might differ from industry to sector, but there may also be opportunities.
Natural catastrophes and other global warming-related occurrences may cause major damage
to industrial facilities and investment buildings, disrupt operations, displace factories and
customers, lower purchasing power and customer needs, and deplete agricultural equipment,
among many other repercussions. Climate change mitigation and adaptation policies have
also been put into place. Regulations aimed at reducing emissions, for example, may have a
detrimental effect on business operations even if their goal is to lessen and ultimately
eliminate climate change dangers. Consequently, companies must aim for more than just
short-term financial success (Dasaklis and Pappis, 2013) and they must also comply with
applicable environmental laws and treaty obligations, invest in eco-friendly technological
advances, and match the market’s demand for such goods and services.
Climate change presents considerable challenges to the continuation of supply chains.

Numerous recent disasters have shown the vulnerability of supply chain operations to severe
weather patterns. For instance, Thailand’s recent floods have resulted in a massive shortage
of hard drives, influencing completed goods and costs across various industrial sectors.
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Disruptions jeopardize the uninterrupted flow of items through the many agents in supply
chain operations. Interruptions have several fundamental consequences: inventory shortages,
carrier delays, transportation congestion, and price instability. Except for interruptions,
supply chains will almost certainly face increased insurance costs due to climate change
concerns. The insurance market may help mitigate the financial burden of severe weather
events induced by climate change since claims for natural disasters have risen dramatically in
recent years.
Climate change-related hazards to supply chain networks include physical, operational, and
reputational threats. Increased regulatory pressure, market factors, and shareholder stress set
the stage for distribution network carbon reduction, which has clear consequences for
procurement. As a result, supply chain managers must pay close attention to the effects of
global warming on distribution networks. At the same time, researchers should continue to
investigate the interconnections between global warming and supply network implementation
and construction.
4.2.3 Developing innovative and more sustainable approaches to reverse logistics and
the collection, recycling and disposal of waste products from urban centres
During the last two decades, environmental concerns have received great public attention.
Concerns about the environment spread like wildfire throughout nations, regions, and
continents (McLeod et al., 2008). This is a major contributor to the climate shift. An
investigation of how green supply chain management practices affect organizational
performance is the goal of this project. The microenvironment control, green purchasing,
environmental customer cooperation, ecological design and capital recovery, and business
performance in terms of environment, operational and financial outcomes are all discussed in
the research.
Green packaging and urban retail trash management alternative to the traditional reverse
supply chain technique. Manufacturing and production companies face many issues in the
contemporary environment era. There is a need to discover a symbiotic link between
industrial trade and environmental preservation. Concerns about the economy and the
environment are often intertwined. For example, higher disposal costs make waste reduction
more viable, while eco-conscious customers provide new commercial opportunities. The
concept of a “sustainable” economy indicates that environmental and economic advantages
combine with the ideal world.
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Fuel consumption, miles are driven, polluted air, pollution, security, and health are all
negatively impacted by logistics activities on sustainability distribution. Moving items
backwards along the supply chain has the greatest effect on sustainable dispersion. The
pricing, effectiveness, and dependability of freight and passenger transportation systems have
all been improved due to science and technology and spatial advancements. However, the
negative environmental effects of road transport have become widely recognized and are at
the core of eco-friendly practices in urban areas, particularly (McLeod et al., 2008). The
ecological damage of transportation may reduce in a significant way by consolidating freight
and regulating ‘back-haul’ operations, among other techniques. Utilizing excess capacity on
the second leg of a delivery route improves the use of precious resources such as fuel and
driver time by discovering loads that need to be transported between locations similar to
those visited by the returning vehicle on the outbound leg of the route. Increased load balance
leads to a decrease in the number of unoccupied trucks on the road, which alleviates traffic
congestion and lowers emissions of harmful gases into the environment.
The majority of rubbish is carried by road, and the negative impact of road freight
transportation on congestion, local ecological damage, and environmental degradation has
been well established. The opposite of logistics Waste management is based on the effective
and economical collection and handling of the rubbish. Green logistics is the inverse of waste
management. In this circumstance, the definition of garbage is essential, especially because
of the potential legal repercussions, since it is sometimes banned to import “junk” from other
countries. Although there are significant differences between waste disposal procedures and
some of the techniques used in reverse logistics, there are some similarities, especially in an
urban setting.
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Chapter 5: Discussion
5.1 Analysis
5.1.1 Thematic Analysis
Theme1: Green Supply Chain Management In The Transportation System
From the evaluation of the findings, it has been seen that A “green supply chain network” is
described in detail in the research paper mentioned in this chapter. Businesses value returns
and products reaching the end of their useful lives more highly due to environmental
concerns (Dasaklis and Pappis, 2013); companies need to be quick to respond to market shifts
and product life cycles. For many businesses and organizations, sustainability is becoming
more crucial as they strive to reduce their supply chains while also reducing carbon emissions
and being responsible stewards of the planet’s natural resources.
A company’s environmental impact may be attributed to transportation and logistics

operations to 75% or more. In this regard, the survey result has said that The researcher found
that 33.3% of Wincanton Company employees in the UK support the firm’s attempts to
construct a supply chain system based on green procurement by surveying 30 employees.
Wincanton’s efforts to improve supply chain management through enhanced technological
use were also praised by nearly 40% of employees. According to 26.7 per cent of employees
at Wincanton, the characteristics were to improve its quality and establish supply chain
management.
In the same notion from the literary sources, it has been seen that Sustainable marketing are
terms that relate to the creation of ecologically friendly and sustainable methods of
promotional campaigns. According to Ati Welsh et al. (2021), plant-based polymers,
mushroom roots, and sustainable green cell foams may all be used instead of traditional
plastic packaging. The survey has claimed that 43.3 % said that they had great benefits from
practising the green supply chain management in their workplace,, which is based on
protection against the reputation. Moreover, 20% claimed they have benefitted from good
partnership continuation of the supply, and where 16.7% have claimed that they have got
advantages for reducing the impact on the environment.
Therefore, from the evaluation of the sources from the findings and literary section, it can be
said that the application of the green supply chain in the transportation function is the most
important aspect that can enhance the acceleration process of the organization and get many
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benefits from this. Now, from the overall evaluation, it can be said that the entire analysis can
accomplish the first objective of this research paper.
Theme 2: Impact Of Green Supply Chain On The Waste Management
From the evaluation based on the findings, it can be said that Alternatives to the standard
reverse supply chain strategy include packaging and urban garbage management. It is
necessary to establish a symbiotic relationship between industrial commerce and the
protection of the environment. Economic and environmental issues are often inextricably
linked (McLeod et al., 2008). Increased disposal prices, for instance, make waste
minimization more economical, while eco-conscious clients provide new business
possibilities. The term “sustainable” economy refers to an ideal society in which
environmental and economic benefits are integrated. From the literary sources, there are
various types of theoretical aspects that have helped the companies eliminate the damage to
the environment and maintain a good level of sustainability (Saada, 2020).
In this same notion from literary sources, it has been said that the process of green
management is essential in the transportation organization. According to Liang et al. (2018),
organisations should prioritise more than just profit. They should also prioritize communities
and the planet. Businesses must implement techniques that are both profitable and beneficial
to society in order to be successful. On the other hand, Jones et al. (2018) contend that both
stakeholders are equally crucial to the success of a company. All stakeholders, including
customers, workers, and suppliers, should be considered when measuring an organisation’s
bottom line. For Lewin’s Unfreezing level, Bashori et al. (2020) state that workers are taught
the fundamental causes for differences in order to ensure their support and collaboration
throughout the management of change.
In this regard, from the sources of the survey, it has been seen that there are various factors
influencing the company in the Wincanton Company. In this regard, the survey, it has been
seen that 33.3% asserted about the environmental factors, 30% has claimed the consumer
factor, 13.3% has been said that the cost factor is the major aspect to initiate the GSCM in the
Wincanton Company and 23.3% has been said about the supplier’s factors. With the
association of the green supply chain management, it has been seen that organizational
suppliers are being helped regarding the initiation of the green supply chain.
In this regard, 23.3% strongly agree, 20% agree, 23.3 % are in the neutral position, 13.3%
disagree, and 20% strongly disagree on this matter. Therefore, from the evaluation percentage
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ratio, it can be claimed that most of the respondents agree on the benefits of green supply
chain management in their organizational workplace. Therefore, from the extensive
evaluation, it can be said that this particular evaluation of the theme clearly accomplished the
fourth objective of this thesis paper.
Theme 3: Opportunities And Challenges Of The GSCM
From the evaluation based on above discussion, it has been seen that there are various
opportunities and challenges regarding the implementation of the GSCM. From the
evaluation based on the survey, it has been seen that 23.3% have claimed that Wincanton
Company has got many opportunities from the initiation of the green supply chain
management in their operational system. Where 16.7% just agree, 16.7% are in neutral
opinion, and 20% and 23.3% strongly disagree. In this regard, from literary sources, it has
been seen that Recycling and reusing materials may assist in decreasing waste and carbon
emissions.
According to Abbas and Sasan, S&G innovations employ sustainable management

techniques to lessen environmental impact (2019). Managers may assist establish a
sustainable supply chain by encouraging other participants to implement eco-friendly
practices in their daily work. In this regard, the survey has said that, In a staff poll, 20%
stated green supply chain strategies provide the Company with a competitive edge. Around
20% of workers think green supply chain guidelines provide the Company with a competitive
advantage. However, 16.7% of workers did not answer. Around 16.7% of workers believed
that green supply chain methods gave the Company a competitive advantage. Around 26.7
per cent of workers strongly disagree that green supply chain guidelines assist the Company
in maintaining a competitive advantage.
On the other hand, from evaluation, it has been seen that the Company has faced many
challenges instead of opportunities for the green supply chain management. Consequently,
among the 30 respondents in the survey, Cost-cutting measures drove Wincanton Company
to adopt sustainable and green supply chain practices. Environmentally friendly and
sustainable supply chain activities were also discussed by 36.7 per cent of workers. Due to
the obstacles associated with changing supply chain architecture (Machado and Davim,
2017), 23.3 per cent of Wincanton workers said the organization is exploring developing
sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chains.
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In a UK study of 30 Wincanton workers, 23.3 per cent strongly agreed that future green
supply chain standards might harm the Company’s financial performance. Almost 20% of
workers believed that upcoming green supply chain rules would harm the Company’s
financial performance. However, 16.7% of workers did not answer. Furthermore, 23.3 per
cent of workers feel that future green supply chain practices will not negatively affect the
Company’s profitability. Therefore, future green supply chain tactics will not harm the
Company’s profitability, according to 16.7% of workers. Now, this evaluation has been seen
thatcan say that this theme is proven to be the third theme of the research paper.
5.2 Summary
Through considering the above analysis, it becomes evident that the researcher has been able
to proficiently and efficiently address all the research questions by applying the survey and
the secondary data collection method within this research study. Generally, by the
considering the research objectives, the researcher has been able to effectively develop a
significant and most reliable and authentic information and data for the future learners and
the researchers of this particular study topic. Through this, the researcher has been able to
successfully conduct and accomplish the entire study by meeting all the research objectives
and by addressing all the research questions.
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Chapter 6: Conclusion
6.1 Conclusion
Throughout the consideration of the entire study, it becomes evident and concluded that
Wincanton Company UK significantly operating its organisational business in the
competitive market of the UK. However, the introduction chapter demonstrated that
generally, this transportation company is facing the challenges regarding the high carbon
emission for its transportation system. Therefore, in this literature review section, the
researcher has proficiently and significantly highlighted and interpreted the previous
researches that proficiently develop and provide the information and knowledge about the
development and adoption of green and sustainable supply chain management system within
the workplace environment of Wincanton Company UK.
Generally, the utilisation of the most appropriate and effective and resilient strategic
approaches and research methods have helped the researcher in order to successfully conduct
and accomplish the entire research study regarding, “Implementation of Green Supply Chain
Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”. In this way, by significantly utilising
and implementing the most appropriate and resilient research approaches and data collection
and analysis methods within the research study, the researcher has been able to proficiently
and significantly develop and demonstrate most reliable, authentic and evident information
and data for the learners and future researchers of this particular study topic.
By considering the data of findings, it becomes evident that in modern transportation

networks, logistics plays a significant role, which includes supply chain tactics as well as
initiatives to lessen the environmental effect of freight transit. All of the key challenges are
related to transportation, production, waste disposal, and logistical planning. Green logistics
encompasses a broad variety of distribution network techniques, including production
planning, material handling, and physical distribution. Production planning, material
handling, and physical distribution are all examples of green logistics systems. Energy
efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, rainwater collection or treatment,
waste reduction, the use of biodegradable bags in place of plastic wrapping, item and package
recycling, and green procurement methods are all used in the distribution operations industry.
Sustainability ideas such as supply chain management and the carbon cycle have become
mainstream in the supply chain industry.
Page | 43
Through this, it becomes identified that the organisation needs to significantly put its
potential focus on developing and implementing the green supply chain management system
within the workplace environment in order to successfully and efficiently reduce and mitigate
the increasing rate of carbon emission. Moreover, on the other hand, the analysis section also
has provided prominently information regarding the study by implementing and utilising the
most appropriate and effective data analysis method within this research study. According to
the findings of the assessment based on the above debate, there are a variety of opportunities
as well as problems in the execution of the Global Strategy for Climate Change. It has been
discovered that 23.3 percent of respondents believe that Wincanton Company has benefited
greatly from the use of green supply chain management practises in their operating system,
according to the survey results. Whereas 16.7 percent simply agree, 16.7 percent are of the
same viewpoint, and 20 percent and 23.3 percent strongly disagree, 16.7 percent are in the
middle.
6.2 Recommendation
Wincanton Company needs to concentrate more on using and implementing a green and
sustainable supply chain management system in its working environment because of the
rising rate of carbon emissions.” A wider range of keywords may lead to a more
comprehensive list of aspects and practises in future work; this indicates that future work
should broaden the keywords to include sustainability in supply chains, transportations,
logistics, reverse logistics, logistics, shipping, and inter-organizational efforts, alliances, and
partnership. In general, the GSCM field is growing, and there is room for growth due to the
scarcity of authoritative publications in this area. According to this research, three primary
themes have evolved from the Green Supply Chain Management literature: green design,
green operations, reverse logistics, waste management, and green manufacturing during the
last twenty years.
A brief introduction to conventional supply chain management was followed by a look back
at the history of green supply chain management and a discussion of the field of green supply
chain management as a whole. An introduction to green design and operations will follow.
The last section of this article briefly discussed the reasons why organisations choose to
operate in a more environmentally friendly manner. In this aspect, by considering different
advantages and benefits of the adopting and utilising green supply chain management system,
the researcher has recommended that the organisation, Wincanton Company UK needs to
proficiently utilise and implement the green supply chain management system. Through this,
Page | 44
it will be able to sustain its organisational business and the supply chain management system
throughout the both national and the international market.
6.3 Future Research Scope
A thorough examination of all aspects of the study shows that the researcher was successful
in gathering the most genuine and accurate data possible from a variety of sources, both
primary and secondary. Researchers were able to get the most accurate data for this study by
surveying Wincanton Company workers in the UK. In addition, the researcher has been able
to acquire the most dependable and obvious information for this study by accessing
secondary data bases for the qualitative information and data. However, the researcher has
been unable to collect the data from the organisational executives and managers regarding the
study topic due to having little limited time. Therefore, the researcher has decided to conduct
a further research study in the market with this relevant topic for conducting interview among
the organisational executives of Wincanton Company UK in order to efficiently fulfil the
lacking of this research study.
Page | 45
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Survey Questionnaires
Q1. What is your age group?
a) 18-28 Years
b) 28-38 Years
c) 38-48 Years
d) 48-58 Years
e) Above 58 Years
Q2. How long experience you have in your organisation?
a) 2-5 Years
b) 5-8 Years
c) 8-11 Years
d) 11-14 Years
e) 14-17 Years
Q3. Why Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management
approach?
a) For Environmental Sustainability

b) For Reducing Carbon Emission
c) For Reducing the Using of Harmful Approaches
Q4. How the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice
sustainably?
a) By Considering Governmental Legislation

b) By Reducing Supply Chain Expenses
c) By Enhancing Supplier’s Profitability
Q5. What kinds of initiatives Wincanton Company has taken for developing supply
chain management system?
a) By Practicing Green Supply Chain

b) By Developing Technological Utilisation
c) By Enhancing Quality of Products
Page | 52
Q6. How Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green
supply chain management?
a) Protection Against Reputational Damage

b) Improvement of Continuity of Supply
c) Potential for New Partnership
d) Reduction of Environmental Impact
Q7. What kinds of challenges Winton Company has considered for adoption of
sustainable and green supply chain practices?
a) Increasing Expenses
b) Problems in Negotiations
c) Changes in Supply Chain Infrastructure
Q8. Do you agree that Winton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green
supply chain practices?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly Disagree
Q9. What kinds of factors encourage your firm to implement green supply chain
management practices?
a) Environmental Factor
b) Consumer Factor
c) Cost Factor
d) Supplier Factors
Q10. Do you agree that the organisational suppliers also being benefited?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
Page | 53
Q11. Do you agree that your any threat can be occurred in organisational profitability
by implementing future green supply chain practices?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
Q12. Do you agree that the green supply chain practices helping your firm to gain
competitive advantage?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
Page | 54

Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practises in Wincanton Company UK

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Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practises in Wincanton Company UK

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Implementation Of Green Supply Chain Management Practises

A survey of Wincanton Company’s 30 UK workers was conducted by the researcher using

1.1 Research Background.......................................................................................................5

1.2 Problem Statement...........................................................................................................5

1.3 Research Aim and Objectives..........................................................................................6

1.4 Research Questions..........................................................................................................6

1.5 Rationale of the Research.................................................................................................6

1.6 Significance of the Research............................................................................................7

1.7 Research Structure...........................................................................................................7

Chapter 2: Literature Review.....................................................................................................9

2.1 Concept and Importance of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)........................9

2.2 Emerging Demand of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices............................9

2.3 Opportunities with implementation of Sustainable and Green supply Chain

2.4 Drivers of Green Supply Chain Practices......................................................................13

2.5 Challenges in adoption of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices....................14

2.6 Theoretical Analysis.......................................................................................................15

2.7 Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................18

2.8 Literature Gap................................................................................................................18

3.1 Research Philosophy......................................................................................................19

3.2 Research Approach........................................................................................................19

3.3 Research Design.............................................................................................................20

3.4 Research Sampling.........................................................................................................20

3.5 Data Collection Process.................................................................................................21

3.6 Data Analysis Process....................................................................................................21

4.1 Primary Quantitative Data..............................................................................................23

4.2 Secondary Qualitative Data............................................................................................30

4.2.1 Green Supply Chain, Logistics, and Transportation...............................................30

4.2.2 Supply chain management because of climate change: An overview of possible

5.1.1 Thematic Analysis...................................................................................................35

6.3 Future Research Scope...................................................................................................41

Appendix 1: Survey Questionnaires.....................................................................................48

1.2 Problem Statement

An organization’s environmental objectives are satisfied when raw materials and

1.3 Research Aim and Objectives

 To understand the importance of green supply chain management in Wincanton

1.4 Research Questions

Q3. What are the possible barriers to implementing the CSGM?

1.6 Significance of the Research

The GSCM practices concept was developed to evaluate a company’s environmental

1.7 Research Structure

2.2 Emerging Demand of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices

Climate Change and Global Warming

Environmental Degradation and Logistic Operations

Emerging Need for Logistics in The Economy

Advances in Science and Technology

Sustainable and Green Purchasing

Green and Sustainable Innovation

Approaches to Sustainability and Green Management

Marketing Approaches that are Sustainable and Green

2.4 Drivers of Green Supply Chain Practices

GSCM, or green supply chain management, is becoming increasingly important to businesses

A Scarcity of Empirical Studies

Customers, Suppliers, And Shareholders Are Not Aware of The Risks

Management Skills and Knowledge Are Lacking in This Situation

2.6 Theoretical Analysis

The Triple Bottom Line Theory of Elkington

Figure: Elkington’s triple bottom line Theory

(Source: Liang et al., 2018)

All stakeholders’ interests should be taken into consideration while planning an

(Source: Jones et al., 2018)

The Change Management Theory of Kurt Lewin

(Source: Bashori et al. 2020)