Lemery Colleges: School of Computer Studies

Lemery Colleges
School of Computer Studies
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Project Context
Grasses are plants with thin leaves that spread and grows massively in size.
They are economically important to animals because they provide food and
protection from soil erosion. Grass is the most valuable horizontal green
vegetation. Despite the fact that some people consider it as dirt in their backyards.
It does not look good when grass grows taller. If someone has a garden or a
backyard, they most likely cut the grass with a grass cutter. To keep their gardens
looking neat and tidy, some people use a cutting device or a machine similar to
grass cutters. A grass cutter is a device that is used to cut grass. There are two
kinds of grass cutters: manual and automatic. A manual grass cutter, such as a
garden knife or grass scissor, requires a man to hold the cutting tool and apply
force to cut grasses, whereas automatic grass cutters, such as smart grass cutters,
cut grass automatically without the need for human intervention.
Some people appear to be unable to properly care for their backyard
grasses. Trimming grass is necessary for anyone who owns a home with a garden.
Nothing beats a well-kept garden in terms of beauty. It will be a time-consuming
process, but it will make the backyard appear more attractive. If someone truly
wants to feel like their home is their fortress, they should start thinking about a
backyard grass landscaping model that incorporates an Automated device to care
for and maintain the height of the grasses in the and garden backyard.
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According to a study titled "Fully Automated Solar Grass Cutter" (Katge,
2019), Grass cutter machines have become extremely popular. Grass cutters are
frequently used on soft grass plants most of the time. Customers are looking for
solutions to help them reduce their carbon footprint at a time when technology and
environmental concern are merging. Automatic Grass Cutters are useful for cutting
grass. These grass cutters cause no pollution to the environment.
Automated grass cutting system powered by dual axis sun tracking solar
panel is a system that conducts the grass cutting process on its own. This project
will relieve consumers of the chore of cutting their own grass while also reducing
pollution and noise. This design is intended to be a green alternative to the popular
and hazardous gas-powered grass cutter. Finally, the consumer will benefit the
environment while putting a little effort in their garden.
The researchers create a system called "Automated Grass Cutter powered
by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino". This would assist
officials in Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas, as well as homeowners, in
automatically cutting the grass in their backyards. At some point, the system will
move to cut grass in areas where there are no obstacles. The developers have
included a sun tracking function to maximize the amount of energy collected from
the sun and delivered to the system's reserve battery. The system will come in the
form of a cutting device that is automated. The officials and homeowners will
simply place the system in a less grassy area of the garden or backyard and do
the work for you.
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Purpose and Description
People want to put in less effort, especially when it comes to cutting and
trimming the grass in their garden and backyard. Cutting and manipulating the
grasses takes up more of their time when working on their gardens.
On a weekly basis, officials and homeowners in Barangay Santo Niño, San
Nicolas, Batangas, cut the grass in their gardens. Many homeowners devote
significant time to caring for the grasses in their gardens. Grass cutting is a manual
activity that must be done by hand.
To program the Arduino circuit board, we used the Arduino software.
Sensors, motors, and other devices are connected to the Arduino circuit. One of
the sensors is the LDR sensor, which is used to detect sunlight in the developed
system. This sensor feeds information to the two servo motors, which automatically
tilt the solar panel to track the sun. The solar panel is linked to the battery and
serves as a charger. The batteries power the Arduino's circuit board, allowing it to
use the system's other equipment, such as the DC Power Motor, which serves as
the system's wheels. The Ultrasonic Sensor's function is to detect distance and
serve as an input on the Arduino to automatically adjust the direction of the system
by help of two DC Power Motors.
In the developed system, the researchers minimized the job. The device will
cut the grass in yards without the need for physical work. The barangay officials
and homeowners will simply activate the system and allow the device to operate
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under their supervision. The developed system is solar powered and has sufficient
sun tracking capability to power the device.
Statement of the Problem
The developed system was entitled “Automated Grass Cutter System
powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino”, aims to
provide an automatic grass cutting system in order to lessen the time consuming,
hassle free and safety of Barangay Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas officials
and homeowners.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following:
1. What are the common problems encountered by the barangay officials and
homeowners when cutting grasses in the garden?
2. How can the developed “Automated Grass Cutter powered by Dual Axis
Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino” benefits the officials and
homeowners of Barangay Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas?
3. How the developed system can be assessed in terms of:
3.1 Effectiveness;
3.2 Reliability;
3.3 and Functionality?
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Objectives of the Study
The study aimed to achieve the following objectives:
1. To identify the common problems encountered, manual way of grass cutting
takes too long. It gives a lot of stress to the person who are cutting the grass
especially when under the sun, and it also hard for them to cut the grasses.
Lastly, when using the manual way of cutting the grass it will be prone for
the accidents.
2. It will lower the risk of accidents and ensure the safety of the people who
used the system. It will provide an automatic grass cutting systems in order
to lessen the work and hassle to the person who worked and designing their
backyards and garden. It will also be easy for them to cut the grass properly
and maintain a perfectly cultivated garden backyard. Having an automatic
grass cutting system can manage and maintain the backyard even that
having a work. It will also provide system that will be convenient to the
people who are working in their gardens and backyard without requiring any
intervention from the user and to provide a system that is more
environmentally friendly.
3. The developed system is assessed in terms of its effectiveness by
conducting observation on several trials on the system; reliability by
performing a consistent development regarding to the system; and its
functionality by inspecting the uploaded code making certain that the
system will operate and function well.
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Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study will concentrate on the implementation of a system which could
assist officials and homeowners by reducing accidents and ensuring the safety of
those working in their gardens.
Residents who are struggling to cut grass in their yards under the sun will
benefit from the use of this automatic grass cutter system. The user must keep an
eye on the system at all times. Having an automatic grass cutting system allows
you to keep the grass at a manageable height. To cut grass, the system can move
to a different location. An ultrasonic sensor is included in the system to detect
obstacles. The system is powered by batteries that receive energy from the solar
panel, which is mounted to a dual axis sun tracker to maximize the energy
gathering from the sun while the device is in use.
The system's functionality limitation is that it is limited to automatic grass
cutting. The system is only for cutting the grass and has nothing else to do with it.
The system can only cut Zoysia, Mondo, Para, and Carabao Grass with a
maximum height requirement of only 2.5 to 3.5 inches. The system is only
appropriate for flat-surfaced grassland. Because there is no grass sensor, the
garden must be fenced in order for the system to change direction and cut grasses.
The system is only intended for use on sunny days and lacks an SMS notification
that alerts the user when their task is completed.
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Definition of Terms
Definition of the following terms was provided in this section to avoid
uncertainty of the study.
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software. In the study, Arduino defined as a tool for controlling automated
grass cutter. (http://www.arduino.cc)
Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel is used to track the sun in two directions
that is elevated and developed to capture the maximum sun rays by tracking the
movement of the sun in different directions. In the study, the dual axis solar tracker
solar panel is a device that can increase energy by tracking sun rays from switching
solar panel in various directions. (https://www.hilarispublisher.com)
Batteries are a collection of one or more cells whose chemical reactions create a
flow of electrons in a circuit. All batteries are made up of three basic components:
an anode (the '-' side), a cathode (the '+' side), and some kind of electrolyte that
which reacts with the anode and cathode. In the study, the batteries are used to
be the storage of energy coming from the solar panel. (https://learn.sparkfun.com)
Grass Cutter – a tool or an equipment used in gardens and backyards to cut and
grasses. (https://educalingo.com)
DC Geared Motor - is a DC motor with a gear assembly attached to the motor.
The speed of motor is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is
termed as RPM. The gear assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing
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the speed. In the study, the DC Geared Motor are used as the gearbox of the
wheels of the system. (https://www.engineersgarage.com)
L293D Motor Driver Shield - is a dual-channel H-Bridge motor driver capable of
driving a pair of DC motors or single stepper motor. As the shield comes with two
L293D motor driver chipsets, that means it can individually drive up to four DC
motors making it ideal for building four-wheel robot platforms. In the study, the
L293D Motor Driver Shield is used to control the DC Geared Motor for wheels of
the system. (https://lastminuteengineers.com)
Photo resistors or LDR - are often used in electronic circuit designs where it is
necessary to detect the presence or the level of light. In the study, the
photoresistors or light dependent resistors are used to indicate the presence or
absence of light. (https://eepower.com)
Resistors - is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical
current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific
voltage for an active device such as a transistor. In the study, the resistors are
used in photo resistors to limit the flow of the current coming from the Arduino circuit
board. (https://whatis.techtarget.com)
Servo Motor - is a self-contained electrical device, that rotate parts of a machine
with high efficiency and with great precision. Utilizes a regular motor and couples
it with a sensor for positional feedback. In the study, the servo motors are used
in dual axis sun tracking solar panel to be able to turn X and Y axis and the neck
for the ultrasonic sensor on the system. (https://realpars.com)
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Solar Panel - are devices which are used to absorb the sun's rays and convert
and provide electricity. (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com)
Ultrasonic Sensor - an electronic device that measures the distance of a target
object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into
an electrical signal. In the study, the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect obstacles.
(https://www.fierceelectronics.com).
Operational Definition
The following terms were defined by the proponents of the study in order to
easily understand the goal of the proposed system.
Effectiveness – The capability of the developed system for producing the desired
result or outcomes.
Functionality – The capability of the developed system to provide the functions
needed by the user.
Reliability – The capability of the developed system to provide a trustworthy

function and performing consistently well.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEMS
The principles, finished studies, generalization or assumptions,
methodologies and others are included in this chapter. Those included in this
chapter help to familiarize applicable and comparable knowledge with the current
report.
Technical Background
Arduino is primarily a fairly interactive hardware development board that
tinkerers, hobbyists, and manufacturers can use to build and construct devices that
interact with the actual physical world. The term Arduino refers to a specific type
of board design. It can also be used to refer to an entity that creates a
predominantly specific application of such boards in general. With the passage of
time, Arduino is gaining popularity in education, commerce, and industry all over
the world. (Whitehurst, 2020)
(Poole, 2016) mentioned that photoresistors can be found and used in
various electrical circuits. They are extremely simple, cost-effective, and long-
lasting. A photoresistor, also known as a light-dependent resistor, is an electronic
device that is sensitive to light. It's not uncommon for an LDR or photoresistor to
have resistance values that range from several megohms in darkness to a few
hundred ohms in bright light. LDRs are simple to use with various LDR circuits
due to their wide varying power. The intensity of light resistors or photoresistors
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varies with the wavelength of light.
According to (Gray, 2019) As proximity sensors, ultrasonic sensors are
frequently used. They can be used as collision avoidance schemes in parking
garages. Ultrasonic sensors are used in both robotic barrier detection systems
and automotive technology. The transducer sends and receives ultrasonic pulses
from an ultrasonic sensor, which transmits information about the target's
proximity. High-frequency sound waves rise from the border, forming distinct echo
patterns. The ultrasonic sensors send the sound waves to their destination and
measure the time it takes for the reflected waves to return to the receiver to
calculate the distance.
L293D Motor Driver Shield is a high-current dual-motor system controller. It
can handle charges with voltages between 4.5V and 36V with current up to 1A.
Motor drivers typically operate as current amplifiers when they transmit a signal
with a low current and a high current signal is transmitted to the output as an
input. In general, the motors are operated on a higher current. The L-293D have
an optimized H-Bridge driver configuration, allowing two DC motors to be
accommodated both clockwise and counterclockwise. (Nasir, 2017)
According to (Emilio, 2020) The SG90 Servo Motor is a 9-gram servo motor
that can rotate from 0 to 180 degrees in approximately 0.3 seconds. The SG90 is
widely used in low-cost applications such as robotic arms, motorized vehicles,
light trackers, and other similar devices. The SG90 is an excellent tool for teaching
and prototyping because it is inexpensive and simple to use. The SG90 is also
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compatible with Arduino software.
Related Literature
The study of Mane et. al. (2018) entitled “Efficient Solar Grass Cutter”,
stated that they are trying to make a daily purpose robot which is able to cut the
grasses in grassland. The system will include some automated obstacle detection,
as well as electricity storage in the form of a battery. The solar panel will be
attached to the top of the robot, reducing the power concern. Efficient Solar Grass
Cutter is becoming more sophisticated and self-docking. This necessitates the
elimination of human interaction and effort. It works in the same way as the
"Robomow," but with a boundary wire installed at the edge of your garden. The
system is switched to automatic mode, where the robot's infrared sensors compare
cut and uncut grass. This process is repeated by the mower until the job is
completed. The vehicle movement motors, as well as the grass cutter motor, are
powered by 12v batteries. They also use a solar panel to charge the battery,
eliminating the need to charge it externally. The grass cutter and vehicle motors
are linked to an 8051-family microcontroller, which regulates the operation of all
the motors. It also has an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects. If no obstacles are
detected, the microcontroller directs the vehicle's motors forward. If the sensor
detects an obstacle, the microcontroller stops the grass cutter motor to prevent
damage to the approaching object/human/animal.
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According to the study of Ugale et. Al (2017) entitled “Design and Integration
of Smart Solar Grass Cutter”, that fuel-powered grass cutter is commonly used for
cutting the grass over the field which creates pollution and loss of energy. This
design and integration of smart solar grass cutter will reduce the effort required for
cutting grass in the garden. In addition, solar power will be used to power the cutter,
and various sensors will be used to detect and avoid unnecessary objects in the
field during operation. This paper will examine the system's operation and working
principles. The other goal is to continuously differentiate between grass heights
and concrete monitoring in its surroundings. An ultrasonic sensor in the system
detects if the system is about to collide with an object. When designing the system,
the primary concern is safety. Because it has blades, they didn't want the grass
cutter to be in operation if the user held it in the air. A microcontroller, multiple
sensors, and a solar charging system are all part of the design. By combining these
elements, they were able to create their robotic type of grass cutter.
According to the study of Priyanka et. al. (2018) entitled “Fabricated Solar
Powered Grass Cutting System”, with tempered blades are attached to this grass
cutter, this grass cutter is manually and automatically operated. The most
commonly used materials are GI sheet, motor, wheel, switch, wire, square pipe,
and insulating material. Rechargeable battery, relay, temperature sensor, and DC
motor are among the components used. The voltage produced by the solar panel
is displayed on the LCD display unit.
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This study entitled “Solar Power Dependent Lawn Mowing System”, the
solar energy is trapped in the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity. The cells are
organized into the panel. The solar panel is positioned in such a way that it absorbs
the maximum amount of sunlight. The primary function of a solar charger is to
increase the current while the batteries are charging and to disconnect when the
batteries are fully charged. Breakers in the circuit are used to start and stop the
motor. They can adjust the height of the grass cutter based on ground clearance.
Karthick et. al. (2017).
“Self-Efficient and Sustainable Solar Powered Robotic Lawn Mower” Reza
et. al. (2019) - this paper proposes a self-efficient and sustainable solar powered
robotic lawn mower which is an autonomous grass cutter that will allow the user
the ability to cut the grass with minimum effort. Unlike other robotic grass cutters
on the market, this design does not require perimeter wires to keep the robot within
the garden. This system aims to lessen the human effort in automatic mode
operation. The system prioritizes safety by utilizing an array of sensors. The robot
won't just cut the grasses in the garden, but it will also avoid and detect objects
and humans. In this project, they used a 12v 310mA solar panel. The solar panel
contains 24 solar cells, each of which contributes 0.5v. They could connect a
battery, but the lead acid rechargeable battery used is only rated at 12v 1.2Ah.
Due to the low output of the solar panel, it will not be overcharged. They used IR
sensors with a 1m 555 IC to detect the obstacles. On each side, there are two
sensors. They attached those sensor in case if the obstacle is on the left, it will
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move to the right, and if the right sensor detects the obstacle, it will move to the
left.
Related Systems
According to the study of (Mudda, 2018) entitled “Automatic Solar Grass
Cutter” – the Automatic Solar Grass Cutter is a completely automated robotic grass
cutting vehicle powered by solar energy that avoids obstacles and is capable of
fully automated grass cutting without the need for human interference. The unit
uses 12V batteries to power the DC motors of the robot car as well as the grass
cutter motor. We also use a solar panel to charge the battery so that it does not
need to be charged externally. The grass cutter and vehicle motors are connected
to an 8051-family microcontroller. When no obstacles are detected, the
microcontroller moves the vehicle's motors forward. To avoid obstacles, the IR
sensor detects the obstacle and the microcontroller stops the grass cutter motor.
The microcontroller then turns the vehicle until the obstacle is avoided, and then
moves forward to cut the grass.
According to the study of Ajibola et. Al (2019) entitled “Design and
Construction of Automatic Mower” - Existing grass cutting machines
uses perimeter wires, high end grass cutters, and suffer from more than one of the
following issues like high initial costs, high engine noise levels, and high operating
costs. The design and construction of automatic lawn mower can automatically cut
without human intervention. Ackermann steering is used by a robotic car in this
method that has a proximity/sensor to detect and avoid obstacles while cutting
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grass. It can operate in semi-autonomous and fully autonomous modes with lower
operating costs, no risk to the user's health, and no environmental impact. The
prototype has been tested, and it reveals that grasses can be trimmed, reducing
customer exposure to potentially hazardous environments.
According to the developed study stated by (Palve, 2018) entitled “Solar
Panel based Automatic Grass Cutter System”, This project mentions the solar
panel-based automatic grass cutter system, which allows the grass cutter unit to
operate on solar energy. In the context of grass cutting, the developed system
reduces human efforts. The Solar Panel-based Automatic Grass Cutter System is
a solar-powered robotic vehicle that can also avoid obstacles and cut grass
automatically. The robot car and the grass cutter motor are both powered by a 12-
volt battery. The solar panel is used to charge the battery, which eliminates the
need for external power. The device's movement is entirely under the control of an
automatic mode. The primary goal of this system is to reduce human effort.
The thesis entitled “Renewable Energy based Robotic Grass Cutter using
IOT”, The system is a solar-powered robotic vehicle that is fully autonomous. It can
also completely cut the grass without human intervention. The motor movement of
the bot can be increased by inserting 12V batteries. The top-mounted solar panel
charges the batteries. The cutter and its motors are linked to the PIC
microcontroller, which controls both motors. The goal of this paper is to construct
a robotic grass cutter powered by a solar battery charger. (Sathya, 2020)
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According to the study of Patil et. Al. (2017) entitled “Solar Powered
Automated Grass Cutter”, in this project, the system for cutting the grass was
automated. The system consists of a blade that is powered by a battery with the
help of a DC motor. The battery can be charged using a solar panel. The battery
charging and discharging can be controlled using an Arduino-based charge
controller. The system uses Infrared Sensor to detect obstacles. The grass cutter's
operating principle is to provide the blade with a high rotational speed, which aids
in the cutting of the grass. The cutting edges are very precise and smooth. In parks
and grass fields, electric grass cutting systems are frequently much easier to use.
Automated Grass Cutting Systems are the best option on the market for improving
the appearance of home-grown grasses and gardens. With the help of a grass
cutter, which is a DC motor with rotating blades, we can cut grass for longer periods
of time. Gardening is simple to maintain and decorate. This system's suggested
devices and components include a solar panel, an Arduino microcontroller, an
Arduino-based charge controller, a battery, a dc grass cutting motor, a dc wheel
motor, an infrared obstacle sensor, and so on. Wheels, cables, metal frames,
plywood, a remote, a monitor, and other materials are used as raw materials.
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CHAPTER III
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter addresses the research design and the methodology used in
this study. This chapter has been made transparent and readable by researchers
so that users can read it easily.
Project Concept
The title of the developed system is "Automated Grass Cutter System
powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino." The objective
of this project is to develop an Automated Grass Cutter System powered by Dual
Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino. This system will enable the
barangay officials in the fenced garden of the barangay and homeowners of Santo
Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas to manage to cut and trim the grasses inside the
garden. It helps to prevent them from having too much under the sun and becoming
tough to mow the grasses. The system cuts the grass for the officials and
homeowners and offers relief when they have other garden work to do as well. As
the solar panels attached to the charging module to the battery, it charges the
system automatically. The study has grass cutter, obstacle avoidance robot car,
and a solar panel with a dual axis sun tracker. The grass cutter is attached on the
system that were found below of the system. The system has some features. The
first feature is that the system tracks the location of the sun by angling where the
sun is facing. The second is that the device will detect if there are any obstacles in
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front of it; if there are, the system will move back a little, and the servo motor will
turn left and right. With the ultrasonic sensor attached and serving as the system's
neck to equate left and right distances. With the help of the two DC control motors
where the wheels are attached, the system will turn left if the left direction has a
greater distance than the opposite direction. In order for the system to drive and
cut grass, homeowners and barangay officials must place it in a certain space
where the grass is a bit shorter on the fenced garden. Two Arduino UNO
microcontrollers, L293D Motor Driver Shield, Ultrasonic Sensor, three Servo
motors, three DC Power motors, 10k ohm resistor, four Photoresistors and TP4056
charging module are used in the unit. One L293D Motor Driver Shield is attached
to the Arduino Uno microcontroller for automated obstacle avoidance. The two DC
motors are connected to the L293D Motor Shield and are responsible for moving
the device into a place. Servo motor and ultrasonic sensor are connected to the
L293D Motor Driver Shield. The ultrasonic sensor serves as an eye for the system.
It's going to sense whether it's approaching an obstacle. The ultrasonic sensor is
attached on the servo motor. The other Arduino Uno is required for the sun tracking
functionality of the system. Four 10k ohm resistors and photo-resistors are
connected to the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The reason for the circumstances
is that we need a 10k ohm resistor to reduce the current flow from the board to the
Photoresistors. Sun tracking solar panels also use two servo motors. The first
servo is oriented in the X-axis, while the second servo is focused in turning to Y-
axis. The system used TP4056 charging capable of charging 5 volts and 6
amperes. The charging module is for the battery for the obstacle avoidance robot,
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sun tracker and for the dc motor for grass cutter. The input to the charging modules
comes from the two Solar Panel which produces 30 watts of power to the batteries.
The other one DC Power Motor which voltage is 3.7 volts that can produce 25000
rpm is for the grass cutter blades.
Requirement Analysis
The system is implemented using Arduino UNO. It has sensors that detects
obstacle and with the help of DC Geared Motor to move to another place to cut
grasses. The ultrasonic sensor is adjusted higher in order not to sense the grass
as an obstacle. The cutter is placed under and has a cover to prevent harm to
anybody. The solar panel comes with a dual axis sun tracker. This helps to collect
more power coming from the sun.
Functional Requirements
This section specifies the specific functions of the system. The system will
achieve the following goals:
1. The system is able move backward a little if detected an obstacle is
blocking its way.
2. The study focused mainly on a device, which can cut the grasses with
dual axis sun tracking solar panel.
3. There is a switch button to turn on and off the grass cutter of the system.
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4. The study increases convenience to other types of Grass Cutter and
lessen the physical work on the garden and backyard.
Non-Functional Requirements
This will define the different ways in order for the researchers to measure
the impact of the system to the users.
1. Effectiveness
a. The developed system cuts grasses
b. The system makes cutting grasses be automated to the users.
c. The system can make the users to avoid accidents caused by cutting
the grass manually.
d. The system can cut the grasses properly and maintain the height of
grasses of the garden.
e. The system helps to prevent the users exposed a lot of time
becoming tough to cut the grasses.
2. Reliability
a. There are LED light indicators on the charging module.
b. The users can check if the batteries are fully charged.
c. The system has a sensor that allows to detect obstacle.
d. The system has solar panel and a sun tracker that can provide the
enough energy supplies needed of the device.
e. The system has a servo motor which serves as a neck of the object
sensor.
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3. Functionality
a. The servo motor of the system turns sideways to compare distances.
b. The system can change directions to cut grasses
c. The system can move from one place to another to cut grass.
d. The sun tracking solar panel angles itself to the sun’s location.
e. The sun tracking solar panel can turn to X and Y Axis.
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Design of Software, Systems, Product and/or Processes
This explains how the developers adhered to the guidelines when designing
the system.
Operational Framework
The Operational Framework is focused in the input, process, and output
phase. This study involves creating a system entitled “Automated Grass Cutter
System powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino” that
will help the officials and homeowners in Brgy. Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas.
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Figure 1. Operational Framework
The figure shows that on input requires knowledge, software, and hardware
requirements. The Knowledge Requirements Are Wiring and Connections of the
system, Device configuration, Operating the Automated Grass Cutter and Arduino
C or C++ Programming Language. The Software Requirements needed on the
system are Arduino IDE which serves as the comprehensive facility to the
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researchers for the development of the system and Windows 8 or 10 as the
Operating System needed. The Hardware Requirements needed on the
development of the system are Computer, Arduino Uno Microcontroller, Servo
Motors, Ultrasonic Sensors, L293D Motor Driver Shield, DC Power Motors,
Photoresistors, and 10k ohms resistors. The process includes the design and
coding that shows the development of the system. The output shows the
corresponding responses from the developed system with regards to the type of
input has received.
Development Model
Researchers have used the development method of research. The primary
objective is to identify the data and characteristics of the subject under review.
Interviews and surveys were performed to collect data to conclude the report.
The Waterfall Method has been used by researchers in the development of
software. The Waterfall Model represents the method of creating applications as a
systematic sequence. Subsequent steps in the construction of the method can only
continue after the preceding stage has been completed. In order to understand the
improvements, the waterfall method does not go back to the previous step. In this
method, the researchers learned a logical concept and were directed towards the
completion of the system. The Waterfall Life Cycle Method is a time-saving
technique for the configuration of phases of the system.
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Figure 2. The Waterfall Model
The phases that shown in the figure are the steps involved in the waterfall
approach of the study. The whole method of software development divided into
separate phases, which are requirements, analysis, design, coding, testing, and
maintenance.
Requirement Gathering Phase
During this phase, the requirements for the project to be built have been
defined. Requirements are a set of functionality and shortcomings that the end
user of the device (the person who will use it) expects from it. The researchers
began by performing analysis and data collection, as well as by agreeing on the
appropriate parameters for the development of the existing system. The
information is received from the end user at the start of the app development
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process. Then, in order to complete their developed system, they specified parts
to be implemented, such as hardware, software, and interfaces.
Analysis Phase
The researchers analyzed the data obtained in order to establish a robust
knowledge management system during the analysis phase. At this point, the
researchers decided which features should be included in the system. The viability
of these parameters has been tested and the possibility of their integration into the
system under implementation has been investigated.
Design Phase
The interface and flow of the system have been developed by the
researchers. During the design phase, the researchers created the system
interface. The researchers have designed a user interface and data flow diagram
for the next system. As the details of the methodology must be incorporated into
the workflows required for the evaluation, this process took several weeks.
Coding Phase
After the researchers had completed designing the device, they started to
develop it. During the coding phase, the researchers used Arduino IDE as the
scripting language for the proposed system. This stage has taken the longest time
in the production cycle of the project.
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Testing Phase
In the testing phase, the researchers checked the system to ensure that the
codes functioned correctly. The system must be checked so that researchers can
decide what improvements are expected. The system was tested for stability and
it was verified that all parts were operational and that the system as a whole
operated as expected by the end users during the project interview period. In order
to improve the methodology established, the proponents' adviser also reviewed
the system for any possible suggestions or advice.
Maintenance Phase
This is the last stage of the process of system development. Following a
sequence of project trials, the design of the built system is being developed. During
this process, the researchers provided the barangay officials and homeowners with
a user manual for the unit. A short presentation (demo) was also decided to be
submitted to the professor to explain the machine dynamics and procedures.
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Circuit Diagram
Figure 3. Automated Grass Cutter powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking
Solar Panel Circuit Diagram
Figure 3 shows the circuit diagram of the system. The Ultrasonic sensor is
attached to the servo motors. Ultrasonic sensor detects if there is an obstacle.
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When there is an obstacle, the two wheels that is attached to the two DC Motors
will move backwards. After that function, the servo motors that serves as the neck
of the ultrasonic sensor will turn sideways resulting for ultrasonic sensor to scan
the distances between both sides. When right direction has greater distance, the
system will turn to right direction and if not then it will turn left. The photoresistors
function is to scan the intensity of the light coming from the sun to the 2 servo
motors attached to angle the tracker to the sun’s location. The solar panel that is
embedded on the solar tracker supplies current of the system that gives 5 voltage
6 amperes. The charging module that we used is TP4056 module that supplies 30
watts of power from solar panel to the batteries. The DC Motor that gives high
speed rpm to the grass cutter is a 370 DC Motor 3.7v.
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Flowchart
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Figure 4. Flowchart of the Developed System
Figure 4 displays the workflow of the system. First is to turn the switch on
the obstacle avoidance car and dual axis sun tracking solar panel. The LDR sensor
will now compare the light frequency of the LDR west and LDR east. If the LDR
west is greater than LDR east, the sun tracker will now face towards west.
Otherwise, the sun tracker will face towards east. Next, the LDR sensor will now
compare the light frequency of the LDR north and LDR south. If the LDR north is
greater than LDR south, the sun tracker will face towards north. Otherwise, the sun
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tracker will face towards south. Next, the ultrasonic sensor is reading distances.
The robot car moves forward if the detected distance of ultrasonic sensor is not
less than or equal to fifteen centimeters. If the ultrasonic sensor scanned a
distance below or equal to fifteen centimeters, the robot car moves backward for
10 seconds. The ultrasonic sensor’s neck which is the servo motor, will turn
sideways causing the ultrasonic sensor to compare the distance of left and right.
If the distance of right direction is greater, the robot car will turn towards right in 10
seconds and then moves forward to cut grasses. If the distance of left is greater,
the robot car will turn towards left in 10 seconds and then moves forward to start
cutting grasses.
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Operation and Testing Procedure
Operational Procedure
The cutter is placed under the obstacle avoidance robot car, which is
attached to the 370SD DC Motor while the, microcontroller, motor driver shield and
the power supply are attached inside the system. The ultrasonic sensor is attached
to the servo motor where is place at the front of the system. The ultrasonic senses
obstacle to avoid, making the Gear Motor for wheels move to another direction.
Figure 5. Obstacle Avoidance Robot Car
The sun tracking solar panel is placed at the top of the Obstacle Avoidance
Robot Car. The servo motor that rotates at Y axis is found under the sun tracker
while the other servo motor that rotates at X Axis is found at the side of the sun
tracker making sense that the system has a dual axis sun tracking capability.
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Figure 6. Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel
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Testing Procedure
Component Test Conducted
The researchers check the ultrasonic
sensor and seen the obstacle

Ultrasonic Sensor
avoidance car has moves back a little
when it senses obstacles.
When the obstacle avoidance robot
has changed its direction when moving
in one location, the sun tracking solar

Photoresistor
panel automatically angles itself to the
sun proving that photoresistors are
working.
The researchers check the TP4056
Charging Module and seen the Power

TP4056 Charging Module
LED and Charging LED light up when
the system is doing its function.
The researchers check motor driver
Motor Driver Shield shield and seen the attached
components are working properly.
The servo motors where the ultrasonic

Servo Motors
sensor is attached were perfectly
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responding when the ultrasonic sensor
detects an obstacle in front of it.
The researchers check the geared
motor where the wheels are attached

Geared Motor
and seen the wheels are working when
changing its directions.
The researchers check the 370SD DC
Motor where the cutter is attached and
370SD DC Motor seen that its moving at a high speed
and properly working when cutting
grasses.
The researchers check the Solar Panel
where is attached at the top of the sun
Solar Panel tracker and seen the Blue LED is
lighted up on the TP4056 Charging
Module.
Table 1. Alpha Test
Table 1 shows the tests conducted by the researchers to check the
functions of the system. The tests conducted are important to check if all of the
options are functioning well.
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Component Test Conducted
The participants check the ultrasonic
sensor and seen the obstacle

Ultrasonic Sensor
avoidance car has moves back a little
when it senses obstacles.
The participants checks When the
obstacle avoidance robot has changed
its direction when moving in one
Photoresistor location, the sun tracking solar panel
automatically angles itself to the sun
proving that photoresistors are
working.
The participants check the TP4056
Charging Module and seen the Power

TP4056 Charging Module
LED and Charging LED light up when
the system is doing its function.
The participants check motor driver
Motor Driver Shield shield and seen the attached
components are working properly.
The participants check the servo
Servo Motors motors where the ultrasonic sensor is
attached were perfectly responding
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when the ultrasonic sensor detects an
obstacle in front of it.
The participants check the geared
motor where the wheels are attached

Geared Motor
and seen the wheels are working when
changing its directions.
The participants check the 370SD DC
Motor where the cutter is attached and
370SD DC Motor seen that its moving at a high speed
and properly working when cutting
grasses.
The participants check the Solar Panel
where is attached at the top of the sun
Solar Panel tracker and seen the Blue LED is
lighted up on the TP4056 Charging
Module.
Table 2. Beta Test
Table 2 shows the tests conducted by the participants or the users of the
system. The test conducted by the participants are important in order for them to
familiarize themselves the functions and the use of the system.
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Respondents of the Study
No. of
Respondents Total Population
Respondents
Homeowners 207 67
Barangay Santo Niño, San

11 9
Nicolas, Batangas Officials
Total 218 76
Table 3. Respondents of the Study
The chosen respondents of the study are the barangay officials that cuts
grasses on the fenced garden of Barangay Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas
and selected homeowners who have also fenced garden. A survey was conducted
to obtain their response on the common problems they encountered when using a
manual way of cutting of grasses and benefits of the users from the developed
system in terms of automated grass cutting. The developed system was also
shown to the respondents to get their feedback for the system’s effectiveness,
reliability and functionality. A total of seventy-six respondents were subjected by
the survey.
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Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers used the following formulas to come up with the finding of
the study.
The Slovin’s Formula: n = N / (1+Ne2)
Where: n = no. of samples
N = total of population
e = error of margin/ margin of error
Slovin’s. The Slovin’s used to calculate the sample size (n) given the population
size (N) and a margin of error (e).
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter comprises of the representation, analysis and interpretation of
the gathered information regarding the respondent’s assessment on the developed
system.
Questionnaire Part I. Common problems encountered by the barangay officials
and homeowners when cutting grasses in their backyards and garden.
Table 4
The officials and homeowners cut grasses manually.
Choices No. of Respondents Percentage
Yes 74 97%
No 2 3%
Total 76 100%
The table above shows the perception of the respondents of the study when
it comes to the given statement. It shows that 97 percent or 74 of respondents are
agreed that they are cutting grasses manually. The respondents are using hand
held cutting tools like grass cutter scissors and garden knives. While 3 percent or
2 of the respondents disagreed with the given statement.
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Table 5
The officials and homeowners cut grasses under the heat of the sun.
Yes 72 95%
No 4 5%
Total 76 100%
The data presented above shows that the 95 percent or 72 of the
respondents agreed that they cut grasses under the heat of the sun because it is
easy for them to cut grass when the grasses are dry, while 5 percent or 4 or the
respondents disagreed with the given statement. The 4 of the respondents have
disagreed because they are cutting grasses early in the morning where the
intensity of the heat of the sun is low.
Table 6
The officials and homeowners forgot to wear garments for protection
Yes 74 97%
No 2 3%
Total 76 100%
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It shows that 97 percent or 74 of the respondents agreed that they forgot to
wear garments for protection when cutting grasses because they no longer have
the mind of wearing it for their protection when cutting grasses. While 3 percent or
2 of the respondents disagreed on the given statement because they got an
accident before when they were cutting grass.
Table 7
The officials and homeowners are not wearing garments for protection.
Yes 74 97%
No 2 3%
Total 76 100%
The table shows that 97 percent or 74 of the respondents agreed that they
are not wearing garments for protection because some of them prefer of not
wearing garments, it provides them a discomfort when cutting grasses and also,
they don’t have any garments to wear for protection. While 3 percent or 2 of the
respondents disagreed on the given statement because they are wearing and does
have garments to wear for their protection.
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Table 8
Bothering other residents when using diesel-powered grass cutter.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The data presented above displays that the entire respondents agreed that
they get bothered using diesel-powered grass cutter because they get bothered of
the loud noise of the diesel-powered grass cutter. Diesel-powered grasses
produce loud noises and it is kind of bothering other residents, especially to the
students of homeowners who are taking online classes, and it gives them a poor
concentration.
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Questionnaire Part II. How can the developed “Automated Grass Cutter System
powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino” benefits the
officials and homeowners of Barangay Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas?
Table 9
The chance of keeping away from an accident will be higher.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
it comes to the given statement. This shows that 100 percent or all of the
respondents agreed that the chances of keeping away from an accident will be
higher. The developed system is automated and has a grass cutter which has a
cover to block the blades if got loose or the blade handle of got removed.
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Table 10
The developed system can reduce the chance of accident.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The data presented above shows the perception of the respondents of the
study when it comes to the given statement. This shows that 100 percent or all of
the respondents agreed that developed system can reduce the chance of accident.
With the system, the officials and homeowners will only involve less physical work
and have under supervision and can reduce the chance of accidents working on
their garden.
Table 11
It helps officials and homeowners from staying under the sun not for too long.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
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study when it comes to the given statement. This shows that majority of all of the
respondents agreed that developed system can help officials and homeowners
from staying under the sun not for too long. With the help of the developed system,
the officials and homeowners can take shelter in a shady place with an active
supervision, if the system is working on their garden.
Table 12
It makes the homeowners to do other things in their garden.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The table presented above shows the insights of the respondents of the
respondents agreed that developed system can make the homeowners to do other
things in their garden. While the system is working on the garden, the homeowners
can do other things like cut the flowers and leafy stems, sweep the cut grass of the
system and water their plants.
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Table 13
The system provides less noise compared to diesel-powered grass cutter.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The table above shows that all of the respondents have agreed that the
developed system provides less noise compared to diesel-powered grass cutter
because with the system, it can produce less noise compared to the diesel-
powered grass cutter and will help homeowners not to disturb their other
neighbors. Diesel-powered grass cutter produces loud noise and it bothers the
homeowners.
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Questionnaire Part III. Effectiveness – the capability of producing a desired result
or the ability to produce a desired output.
Table 14
The developed system cuts grasses
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The table above shows that all of the respondents have agreed that the
developed system cuts grasses because the grass cutter blade of the developed
system is sharp enough to cut the grasses in the garden and it shows difference
of the length of grass that the system traverses.
Table 15
The system makes cutting grasses be automated to the user.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
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respondents agreed that developed system makes cutting grasses be automated
to the user. The system is designed for automation in cutting grasses. They will
just turn on the switch of the system and let the cutting of grass job done for you.
Table 16
The system can make the users to avoid accidents caused by cutting the grass
manually.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The table presented above shows the insight of the respondents of the
respondents agreed that developed system makes the users to avoid accidents
caused by cutting the grass manually. They have agreed that using the manual
way of cutting of grass can acquire accidents like accidentally stab your hand with
sharp garden knife.
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Table 17
The system can cut the grasses properly and maintain the height of grasses of
their garden.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The table above shows that all of the respondents agreed on the given
statement that the system can cut the grasses properly and maintain that height of
grasses of their garden because the system shows that the system can maintain
height of the grasses in their gardens. The homeowners and officials can place the
system on their gardens every day to cut the grasses properly and maintain the
height of the grasses.
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Table 18
The system helps to prevent the users exposed a lot of time becoming tough to
cut the grasses.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
The data presented above shows that all of the respondents have agreed
that the developed system can help to prevent the users exposed a lot of time
becoming tough to cut the grasses because the homeowners and officials
consume more time when cutting grasses on their grasses on their gardens and
backyards and it is hard for them because majority of the respondents have a wide
garden.
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Questionnaire Part IV. Reliability – the ability of the developed system to provide
reliable information to the user.
Table 19
There are LED light indicators on the charging module.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
statement that there are LED light indicators on the charging module on the
developed system. The charging module of the system has LED light indicator
showing some information of what the status of the charging and batteries.
Table 20
The users can check if the batteries of the system are fully charged.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
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The data presented above shows that all of the respondents agreed on the
given statement. The users can check if the batteries of the system are fully
charged on the developed system. With the system, they can check if the batteries
of the system are fully charged. The BLUE LED signifies that the batteries are fully
charged. The RED LED lights up if it is charging.
Table 21
The system has a sensor that allows to detect obstacle.
Yes 71 93%
No 5 7%
Total 76 100%
The table above shows that 93 percent or 71 of the respondents agreed
that the system has a sensor that allows to detect obstacle because the system
can detect obstacles in front of it with the help of Ultrasonic Sensor. While 5 or 7
percent of the respondents disagreed on the given statement.
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Table 22
The system has solar panel and a sun tracker that can provide the enough
energy supplies needed of the device.
Yes 74 97%
No 2 3%
Total 76 100%
statement. 74 or 97% of the respondents have agreed that the system has solar
panel and a sun tracker that can provide the enough energy supplies needed of
the device. With the system, it has a solar panel that acquires energy from the sun
and can supply 30 wattages of power, enough to supply the power needed of the
batteries. While 3 percent or 2 of the respondents have disagreed.
Table 23
The system has a servo motor which serves as a neck of the object sensor.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
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The data presented above shown that majority of the respondents have
agreed that the developed system has a servo motor which serves as a neck of
the object sensor. The respondents have agreed because they found that the
system has a servo motor in front of the system. This servo helps the ultrasonic
sensor to scan distances of right and left direction.
Questionnaire Part V. Functionality – the ability of the developed system to
provide the functions needed by the user.
Table 24
The servo motor of the system turns sideways to compare distances.
Yes 76 100%
No 0 0%
Total 76 100%
it comes to the given statement. It shows that the entire respondents agreed that
the servo motor of the system turns sideways to compare distances. In the system,
the respondents have seen that it has a servo motor which serves as the neck of
the ultrasonic sensor causing it to compare distance from left to right.
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Table 25
The system can change directions to cut grasses
Yes 75 99%
No 1 1%
Total 76 100%
The data shown above that 99 percent or 75 of the respondents agreed that
the grass cutter of the system can change directions to cut grasses because they
found that the system can be able to turn left and right to cut some grasses while
1 percent or 1 of them disagreed with the given statement.
Table 26
The system can move from one place to another to cut grass.
Yes 74 97%
No 2 3%
Total 76 100%
The table presented above shows that 97 percent or 74 of the respondents
agreed on with the given statement while 3 percent or 2 of them disagrees. The
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system can move from one place to another to cut some grass. The respondents
have seen that the system has a geared motor and in that has wheels which helps
the system to move on another place to cut grass.
Table 27
The sun tracking solar panel angles itself to the sun’s location.
Yes 70 92%
No 6 8%
Total 76 100%
The data above shows the perception of the respondents of the study when
agreed that the sun tracking solar panel angles itself to the sun’s location. When
the system is cutting the grasses on the garden, the sun tracker angles the solar
panel to the sun’s location. While 3 percent or 2 of the respondents disagreed with
the given statement.
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Table 28
The sun tracking solar panel can turn to X and Y Axis.
Yes 71 93%
No 5 7%
Total 76 100%
The data above shows the perception of the respondents of the study when
agreed that the sun tracking solar panel can turn to X and Y Axis. The respondents
have seen that the system has a sun tracking solar panel that can able to turn
towards X and Y Axis. While 5 percent or 7 of the respondents disagreed with the
given statement.
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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The entire acquired summary, findings of the study, conclusions and
recommendations based on the analysis of the completed project entitled
“Automated Grass Cutter System powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel
based on Arduino” is presented in this chapter.
Summary
The developed system was entitled “Automated Grass Cutter System
powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino” is a system for
grass cutting automation powered by a solar panel with a dual axis sun tracking
capability to optimize more the collection of the energy coming from the sun. The
aim of this project is to help the officials and homeowners to cut grass hassle free.
It can provide a help on the officials and homeowners in cutting grasses.
The system helps to cut the grasses automatically on their garden. Because
the system has a geared motor to move on to a designated location to cut grass.
The system also has an ultrasonic sensor in order to avoid things or objects in front
of it and look for another location to cut grass. The system is solar powered and
has a sun tracker which angles the solar panel where the sun faces.
The system must be placed first on a particular place on grassland where
there are less grasses. Switch on first the obstacle avoidance robot and the dual
axis tracking solar panel before the grass cutter blades. The system has an
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ultrasonic sensor but there is no grass sensor. The system must detect an obstacle
in order to avoid and move to another location to cut grass. When the system is
powered on, the ultrasonic sensor detects first if there are obstacles in front of it
while the sun tracker will automatically angle the solar panel. If there are no
obstacles or object scanned by the ultrasonic sensor, the system will now cut
grasses, otherwise it will move backward a little and the servo in front of the system
where the ultrasonic is attached will move or turn sideways to compare the
distances. If any of the two direction has greater distances, the system will turn
into that direction to cut grasses. The system can only cut Zoysia, Mondo, Para,
and Carabao Grass with a maximum height of 2.5 to 3.5 inches.
The developed system uses two Arduino Uno as microcontroller, one is for
the obstacle avoidance robot and the other is for the solar panel sun tracker.
Ultrasonic Sensor in front of the system for obstacle detection. Two geared motors
for movements of the system capable for turning and moving to left, right, forward
and backward to cut grass while moving. Four LDR Sensor or Photoresistor for
measuring light intensity or tolerance. This four LDR sensor provides is used here
to measure the light intensities and serves as the input causing the two servo
motors on the sun tracker to move and angle the solar panel according to sun’s
position.
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Findings
Based on the set statement of the problem, the following findings were
derived.
1. In terms of the common problems encountered by the officials and
homeowners when cutting grasses in the backyards and gardens. It shows
that all of them agreed that they are bothering residents when using diesel-
powered grass cutter. The officials and homeowners are not wearing
garments for protection. The officials and homeowners cut grasses
manually. The respondents forgot to wear garments for protection. 72 or
95% of the officials and homeowners cut grasses under the heat of the sun.
2. When it comes to the benefits of the developed system, all of them
have agreed that the chance of keeping away from an accident will be
higher and can reduce the chance of accidents. All of them agreed that the
system can help the officials and homeowners do other things in their
garden and from staying under the sun not for too long. 76 or 100% or the
respondents of the study agreed that the system provides less noise
compared to the diesel-powered grass cutter.
3. In terms of the effectiveness of the developed system, all of them
have agreed that the developed system cuts grasses and it makes cutting
grasses to be automated to the user. They have agreed that the system can
make the users to avoid accidents caused by cutting the grass manually.
They have also agreed that the system can cut the grasses properly and
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maintain the height of the grasses of their garden. 76 or 100% of the
respondents of the study agreed that the system helps to prevent the users
exposed a lot of time becoming tough to cut the grass.
In terms of the reliability of the developed system, all of the
respondents have agreed that there are LED Light indicators on the
charging module and the users can check if the batteries are fully charged.
Also, they have agreed that the system has as servo motor which serves as
a neck of the object sensor or ultrasonic sensor. The respondents have
agreed that the system has solar panel and a sun tracker that can provide
the enough energy supplies needed of the device. While 71 or 93% of them
agreed that the system has a sensor that allows to detect obstacle.
In terms of the functionality of the developed system, all of them have
agreed that the servo motor of the system turns sideways to compare
distances. They have agreed that the system can change directions to cut
grasses. The respondents have also agreed that the system can move from
one place to another to cut grass. The respondents have agreed that the
sun tracking solar panel can turn to X and Y Axis. 70 or 92% of the
respondents of the study agreed that the sun tracking solar panel angles
itself to the sun’s location.
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Conclusions
Based from the findings conducted and the result of the evaluations, the
following conclusions are concluded:
1. When it comes to the problems encountered by the officials and
homeowners, it was concluded that the officials and homeowners are
bothering other residents when using diesel-powered grass cutter. The loud
noise of diesel-powered grass cutter bothers them especially students that
has online classes and this gives them a poor concentration.
2. In terms of the benefits of the developed system, it was concluded
that it reduces the chances of accidents when manually cutting grasses on
their gardens or backyards. The system helps the officials and homeowners
from staying under the sun not for too long. It makes the homeowners to do
other things in their garden.
3. In terms of effectiveness, it was concluded that the developed
system successfully cut grasses. The system makes cutting grasses be
automated to the user. The system can make the users to avoid accident
caused by cutting the grass manually. In terms of reliability, it was concluded
that there are LED light indicators on the charging module. The users can
check if the batteries of the system are fully charged. The system has a
servo motor which serves as a neck of the object sensor. The system has
a solar panel and a sun tracker that can provide enough energy supplies
needed of the device. The system has a sensor that allows to detect
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obstacle. In terms of functionality, it was concluded that the servo motor of
the system turns sideways to compare distances.
Recommendations
The researchers recommended the following:
1. Future researchers should implement a better platform and provide
better complexity to the current system by putting additional features to the
program.
2. It is recommended to the future researchers to add a color sensor for
grass detection.
3. Adding LCD to the system makes the officials and homeowners
knows what the device is doing.
4. It is recommended to the future researchers to use bigger 24v DC
Motor for the grass cutter to cut any types of grasses.
5. Adding also an SMS Notification to notify the user when grass
cuttings.
6. Adding two ultrasonic sensors on both sides in front of the system to
better detect obstacles.
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Cutter. International Research and Journal Engineering Technology.
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology.
C. Electronic Resources
Emilio, M. (2020). Using Servo Motor SG90s in Robotics. Embedded. Retrieved
from: https://www.embedded.com.
Gray, K. (2019). What is an Ultrasonic Sensor. Fierce Electronics. Retrieved from:
https://www.fierceelectronics.com.
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Katge, H. (2019). Grass Cutting Automation Popularity. Robolab. Retrieved from:
https://www.robolab.in/fully-automated-solar-grass-cutter.
Nasir, S. (2017). Introduction to L293D Motor Driver Shield. Technopreneur.
Retrieved from: https://www.theengineeringprojects.com.
Poole, I. (2016). Light Dependent Resistor LDR: Photoresistor. Retrieved from:
https://www.electronics-notes.com.
Whitehurst, J. (2019). What is Arduino. Retrieved from: https://opensource.com
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APPENDICES
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SOURCE
CODE
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Dual Axis Sun Tracker
#include <Servo.h>
Servo horizontal;
int servoh = 175;
int servoHMaximumLimit = 180;
int servoHMinimumLimit = 5;
Servo vertical;
int servov = 40;
int servoVMaximumLimit = 65;
int servoVMinimumLimit = 1;
int topleft = A0, topright = A3, bottomleft = A1, bottomright = A2;
void setup() {
horizontal.attach(9);
vertical.attach(10);
horizontal.write(180);
vertical.write(45);
delay(2500);
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void loop() {
int tl = analogRead(topleft);
int tr = analogRead(topright);
int bl = analogRead(bottomleft);
int br = analogRead(bottomright);
int tolerance = 90;
int averagetopvalue = (tl+tr) / 2;
int averagebottomvalue = (bl+br) /2;
int averageleftvalue = (tl+bl) /2;
int averagerightvalue = (tr+br) / 2;
int averageValueVertical = averagetopvalue - averagebottomvalue;
int averageValueHorizontal = averageleftvalue - averagerightvalue;
if(-1 * tolerance > averageValueVertical || averageValueVertical > tolerance){
if(averagetopvalue > averagebottomvalue){
servov = ++servov;
if(servov > servoVMaximumLimit){
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servov = servoVMaximumLimit;
}else if(averagetopvalue < averagebottomvalue){
servov = --servov;
if(servov < servoVMinimumLimit){
servov = servoVMinimumLimit;
vertical.write(servov);
if(-1 * tolerance > averageValueHorizontal || averageValueHorizontal >
tolerance){
if(averageleftvalue > averagerightvalue){
servoh = ++servoh;
if(servoh > servoHMaximumLimit){
servoh = servoHMaximumLimit;
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}else if(averageleftvalue < averagerightvalue){
servoh = --servoh;
if(servoh < servoHMinimumLimit){
servoh = servoHMinimumLimit;
horizontal.write(servoh);
delay(100);
Obstacle Avoidance Robot Car
//huna-hunaa si tito danny ug inay
#include <AFMotor.h>
#include <NewPing.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#define TRIG_PIN A0
#define ECHO_PIN A1
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#define MAX_DISTANCE 250
#define MAX_SPEED 255
#define MAX_SPEED_BACKWARD 255
NewPing sonar(TRIG_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE);
AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
Servo myservo;
boolean goesForward=false;
int distance = 100;
int speedSet = 0;
void setup() {
myservo.attach(10);
myservo.write(115);
delay(2000);
distance = readPing();
delay(100);
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void loop() {
int distanceR = 0;
int distanceL = 0;
delay(70);
if(distance<=15){
moveStop();
delay(200);
moveBackward();
delay(12000);
moveStop();
delay(200);
distanceR = lookRight();
delay(200);
distanceL = lookLeft();
delay(200);
if(distanceR>distanceL){
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turnLeft();
moveStop();
}else{
turnRight();
moveStop();
}else{
moveForward();
distance = readPing();
int lookRight()
myservo.write(50);
delay(500);
int distance = readPing();
delay(100);
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myservo.write(115);
return distance;
delay(100);
int lookLeft()
myservo.write(170);
delay(500);
int distance = readPing();
delay(100);
myservo.write(115);
return distance;
delay(100);
int readPing() {
delay(70);
int cm = sonar.ping_cm();
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if(cm==0)
cm = 250;
return cm;
void moveStop() {
motor1.run(RELEASE);
motor2.run(RELEASE);
void moveForward() {
if(!goesForward){
goesForward=true;
motor1.run(FORWARD);
for (speedSet = 0; speedSet < MAX_SPEED; speedSet+=10){
motor1.setSpeed(speedSet);
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delay(5);
void moveBackward() {
goesForward=false;
motor1.run(BACKWARD);
for (speedSet = 0; speedSet < MAX_SPEED_BACKWARD; speedSet+=10){
delay(5);
void turnRight() {
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delay(10800);
void turnLeft() {
delay(10800);
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PROJECT
LAYOUT
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Figure 1. Obstacle Avoidance Robot Car
The figure above shows the obstacle avoidance robot car. It includes the
ultrasonic sensor, servo motor and dc geared motor.
Figure 2. Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel
The figure above shows the dual axis sun tracking solar panel. It includes
the photoresistors and servo motors.
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USER’S
MANUAL
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Automated Grass Cutter System powered by Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar
Panel based on Arduino
User’s Manual
Safety Measurements
Read the User’s Manual carefully, as well as the simple rules listed below.
Failure to comply with this rule may lead to dangerous situations.
• Before using the system, make sure that the power source is
charged well.
• Make sure that the system is properly placed on the fenced garden
where there are less grasses.
• Do not lift the system while the cutter is switched on.
• Avoid dropping the system, this can cause system fail to operate.
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Parts and Uses
The figure above shows the perspective view of system and some parts. It
consists of the following:
• Ultrasonic Sensor – This sensor detects the obstacles. It is
attached on the servo motor and found in front of the system.
• Servo Motor – This part used to turn sideways after the ultrasonic
sensor detected an obstacle. It is placed in front of the system.
• Photoresistors – This sensor measures the light intensity coming
the sunlight. It is placed at the top of the dual axis sun tracker.
• Solar Panel – converts the light from the sun to charge the batteries
of the system. It is place at the top of the dual axis sun tracker.
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The figure above shows the back-perspective view of the system. It also
shows some parts used on the system. It consists of the following:
• TP4056 Charging Module – the pathway or the bridge to charge the
batteries of the system. The BLUE LED will light up if the batteries
are fully charged and RED LED will light up if the batteries are
charging. This gets its input from the solar panel and output to the
batteries. It is placed on the dual axis sun tracker.
• Servo Motor – this controls the rotation of the sun tracker on X Axis
of the system. It is placed at the side of the dual axis sun tracker.
• Arduino Uno Microcontroller – this controls the dual axis sun
tracker. It is placed on the dual axis sun tracker.
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The figure above shows the bottom-back-perspective view of the system
and some parts used on the system. It includes the following:
• Grass Cutter – when it is turned on, it spins fast and it is responsible
for cutting the grasses. It is placed at the bottom of the system.
• DC Geared Motor – this controls the movement of the obstacle
avoidance car. This is responsible for moving forward, backward,
turning left and turning right of the system. It is place at the bottom
sides of the system.
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Operating Instructions
The following are the steps on proper using the system.
1. Place the system inside the fenced garden where there are less grasses.
2. Turn on the switch for the obstacle avoidance robot car and dual axis sun
tracking solar panel.
3. Turn on the switch of the DC Motor for grass cutter.
Reminder:
If the system is not placed on the grassland, do not attempt to switch on the
DC motor for grass cutter. The user might be wounded.
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QUESTIONNAIRE
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Lemery Colleges College of

Computer Studies Respondents
Questionnaire
“Automated Grass Cutter Powered by
Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel”
Evaluation Guide for officials and random number of selected homeowners

in Brgy. Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas.
Name (Optional):
Directions: Please read each statement carefully and determine your agreement
in each item every criterion provided below. Put a check mark (√) on the box of
your chosen answer.
I. What are the common problems encountered by the barangay
officials and homeowners when cutting grasses in their backyards
and garden?
Yes No
Items
1. The officials and homeowners cut grasses

manually.
2. The officials and homeowners cut grasses

under the heat of the sun.
3. The officials and homeowners forgot to use

garments when cutting grasses.
4. The officials and homeowners are not wearing

garments for protection.
5. Bothering other residents when using diesel-

powered grass cutter.
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II. How can the developed “Automated Grass Cutter powered by
Dual Axis Sun Tracking Solar Panel based on Arduino” benefits
the officials and homeowners of Barangay Santo Niño, San
Nicolas, Batangas?
Items Yes No
1. The chance of keeping away from an accident

will be higher.
2. The developed system can reduce the
chance of accident
3. It helps officials and homeowners from

staying under the sun not for too long.
4. It makes homeowners to do other things in
their garden.
5. The system provides less noise compared to

diesel-powered grass cutter.
III. Effectiveness – The capability of producing a desired result or the

ability to produce desired output.
Items Yes No
1. The developed system cuts grasses.
2. The system makes cutting grasses be

automated to the user.
3. The system can make the users to avoid

accidents caused by cutting the grass
manually.
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4. The system can cut the grasses properly and

maintain the height of grasses of their
garden.
5. The system helps to prevent the users
exposed a lot of time becoming tough to cut
the grasses.
IV. Reliability - the ability of the developed system to provide reliable

information to the user
Yes No
Items
1. There are LED light indicators on the charging

module.
2. The users can check if the batteries are fully
charged.
3. The system has a sensor that allows to

detect obstacle.
4. The system has solar panel and a sun
tracker that can provide the enough energy
supplies needed of the device.
5. The system has a servo motor which serves
as a neck of the object sensor.
V. Functionality - The ability of the developed system to provide the

functions needed by the user.
Items Yes No
1. The servo motor of the system turns

sideways to compare distances.
2. The system can change directions to cut

grasses.
3. The system can move from one place to

another to cut grass.
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4. The sun tracking solar panel angles itself to

the sun’s location.
5. The sun tracking solar panel can turn to X

and Y Axis.
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SURVEY
RESULTS
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SURVEY
PICTURES
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Researchers conducted surveys to selected homeowners of Barangay Santo

Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas
Researchers conducted surveys to selected homeowners of Barangay Santo

Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas
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Researchers conducted surveys to selected barangay officials of Barangay

Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas
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CURRICULUM
VITAE
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Nomyr Julz O. Deomampo

Address: Brgy. Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas
Mobile No: +639153259198
Email Address: nomyrlabajo@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Lemery Colleges
Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas
S.Y: 2020 – 2021
Vocational: Computer System Servicing NC IV

Davao City National High School
F. Torres St. Marfori Heights, Davao City.
S.Y: 2015 - 2016
Secondary: Davao City National High School

F. Torres St. Marfori Heights, Davao City
S.Y: 2015 – 2016
Elementary: San Roque Central Elementary School

J.P Laurel St. Bajada, Davao City
S.Y: 2012 -2013
ACHIEVEMENTS:
1st Placer
Web Designing Competition 2019
LC SELECT Organization Day
Lemery Colleges
2nd Placer
Quiz Bee 2019
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2nd Placer
Web Designing Competion 2021
Lemery Colleges
Grand Champion
EDM Bigroom Party Music Production Competition 2021
Notorious Bigroom Ph.
BassGorilla Inc.
July 3, 2021
SKILLS:
• Microsoft Office Tools (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Powerpoint and MS

Access)
• Computer System Servicing (Computer Networking, Computer
Diagnostics, Computer Troubleshooting)
• Music Production (FL Studio and Presonus One Pro)
• 3D Modelling (Blender 3D)
• Surveillance Security System Servicing (CCTV Installation)
• Photo Editing (Adobe Photoshop)
• Video Editing (Adobe After Effects and Adobe Premiere Pro)
• Programming (Turbo C++, C/C++, Java, HTML, CSS, Javascript, React.js,
Node.js, Springboot and Bootstrap)
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED:
Java Tutorial Course

SoloLearn Inc.
February 9, 2017
Certificate of Recognition (Oracle Certified Associate, Java SE 8

Programmer)
Oracle University
July 9, 2017
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Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Congress

SM City Lipa City
October 6, 2018
Impact Speaking and Presentation Skills

Lemery Colleges
Lemery, Batangas
January 25, 2019
A Look into the Future Technology for 2019 and Beyond

Lemery Colleges
Lemery, Batangas
January 25, 2019
Python 101
Lemery Colleges
Lemery, Batangas
January 25, 2019
Certificate of Recognition (Oracle Certified Professional, Java SE 8

Programmer)
December 6, 2019
Oracle University
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Nickname : NJD
Birthdate : July 9, 1999
Birthplace : Davao City, Davao Del Sur
Age : 21 years old
Height : 5’5
Weight : 60 kg
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Language Spoken : English, Filipino
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__________________________
NOMYR JULZ O. DEOMAMPO
118

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School of Computer Studies

cut grass automatically without the need for human intervention.

Some people appear to be unable to properly care for their backyard

Nothing beats a well-kept garden in terms of beauty. It will be a time-consuming

backyard grass landscaping model that incorporates an Automated device to care

According to a study titled "Fully Automated Solar Grass Cutter" (Katge,

grass. These grass cutters cause no pollution to the environment.

environment while putting a little effort in their garden.

The researchers create a system called "Automated Grass Cutter powered

officials in Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas, as well as homeowners, in

the work for you.

Purpose and Description

grasses takes up more of their time when working on their gardens.

On a weekly basis, officials and homeowners in Barangay Santo Niño, San

activity that must be done by hand.

To program the Arduino circuit board, we used the Arduino software.

by help of two DC Power Motors.

sun tracking capability to power the device.

Statement of the Problem

The developed system was entitled “Automated Grass Cutter System

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following:

homeowners when cutting grasses in the garden?

homeowners of Barangay Santo Niño, San Nicolas, Batangas?

3. How the developed system can be assessed in terms of:

3.3 and Functionality?

Objectives of the Study

The study aimed to achieve the following objectives:

1. To identify the common problems encountered, manual way of grass cutting

and maintain a perfectly cultivated garden backyard. Having an automatic

intervention from the user and to provide a system that is more

3. The developed system is assessed in terms of its effectiveness by

conducting observation on several trials on the system; reliability by

performing a consistent development regarding to the system; and its

functionality by inspecting the uploaded code making certain that the

system will operate and function well.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will concentrate on the implementation of a system which could

those working in their gardens.

to a different location. An ultrasonic sensor is included in the system to detect

gathering from the sun while the device is in use.

The system's functionality limitation is that it is limited to automatic grass

appropriate for flat-surfaced grassland. Because there is no grass sensor, the

that alerts the user when their task is completed.

Definition of the following terms was provided in this section to avoid

uncertainty of the study.

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware

grass cutter. (http://www.arduino.cc)

solar panel in various directions. (https://www.hilarispublisher.com)

be the storage of energy coming from the solar panel. (https://learn.sparkfun.com)

DC Geared Motor - is a DC motor with a gear assembly attached to the motor.

wheels of the system. (https://www.engineersgarage.com)

L293D Motor Driver Shield - is a dual-channel H-Bridge motor driver capable of

the system. (https://lastminuteengineers.com)

photoresistors or light dependent resistors are used to indicate the presence or

absence of light. (https://eepower.com)

Resistors - is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical