pone FIST supp ioverseFunetion him Inverse Functions Download Maple Worksheet Afunction 7 is said to be one-to-one if Made fe) whenever 5,25; Here is a one-to-one function While the function below is not one-to-one. Horizontal Line test A function is one-to-one if and only if no horizontal line intersects its graph more than once. The animation below shows that the function f{x)=e" is one-to- one. htpssealcuus.math nycu-edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him!pone FIST supp ioverseFunetion him D5: 2 18 as 1 -08 -06 -04 -02 0 02 04 06 08 1 ee If we reverse the inputs and outputs of the function F_ below, we get a new function G as follows G htpssealcuus.math nycu-edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! 29poze LTT supp ioverseFunetion him Notice that for all x in the domain of F , we have (GeoF\a)=x and for all y_in the domain of G , we have (FoGy\)=y | Let # be a one-to-one function with domain A and range B . Then the inverse function fF has domain B and range A and is defined by “1 PO)=22 f@)=y for any y in B. This says that if ¢ maps x to y , then its inverse function ¢-1 maps y back to x. In the example above , G is the inverse function of F Does function H have an inverse function? Why? How to find the inverse function fF of a one-to-one function ¢ ? Step 1 Write y= fx) . Step 2. Solve this equation for x in terms of y htpssealcuus.math nycu-edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! a9poze LTT supp ioverseFunetion him Step 3 To express f+! as a function of x , interchange x and _, the resulting equation is y= (x) For example, if we consider the function f{x)} = a +2 .(Note that is one-to- one.) Solving the equation y=x? +2 forx intermsof y , val Lyon tri o- all. Leas tipo: 2) (3 we get that the inverse function is g(x) =(x- 2) i) The following figure shows the graphs of y=x?+2 (red) and y=(x-2) htpsealcuus.math nycu.edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! 49poze LTT supp ioverseFunetion him (blue). Note that they are mirror images of each other through the line y = x (green). Now we consider what does it mean to invert the sine function. First we note that there is a complication with trigonometric function that did not arise with the functions we have just discussed. The sine function clearly fails the horizontal line test. htpsealcuus.math nycu.edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! 59poze LTT supp ioverseFunetion him The following figure shows two periods of the sine function (blue) and the result (red) of interchanging x and y in the equation y= sin(x) The problem is that the red curve is obviously not the graph of a function. In order to have an invertible function that takes all the values of the sine function, we nom restrict the domain of the sine to the interval from — 7 to 3 . htpsealcuus.math nycu.edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! 6poze LTT supp ioverseFunetion ml This restricted sine and its inverse (called arcsine , in Maple we use the command arcsin(x) ) are shown in the next figure. fsin (ed) gs=arcsin (blue) 15: Here are problems to think about: a nm 37 If we restrict the domain of sine to [ e : ], what does the resulting 2 inverse function look like? What is the relation between this inverse function and arcsin(x) ? By restricting the domain of cosine to the interval from 0 to 1, we invert cosine in the same fashion. The resulting inverse function is called arccosine. Note that htpssealculus math nycu.edu.wimapleSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! 719poze LTT supp ioverseFunetion him the domain of both arcsin(x) and arccos(x) are[—1 ,1]. >. What is the relation between arcsin(x) and arccos(x) ? If 0 0. Laws of Logarithms 1. log,(xy) = log, (x) + log, (9) x 2 ts,“ = log, (x) - log,,(y) 3. log, (x")=rlog,(x) (where 7 is any real number) The logarithm with base ¢ is called the natural logarithm and has special notation log.(x) = In(x) Hence, we have Inx=y@Qe2 =x htpssealcuus.math nycu-edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! 89poze LTT supp ioverseFunetion him In(e*)=x forevery ER, In(x) e for every *>0. In particular, In(e)=1 The following figure shows the graphs of y=e* (red) and y=In(x) (blue). Note that they are mirror images of each other through the line y= (green). Download Maple Worksheet htpsealcuus.math nycu.edu.wimaplSiteabS'_1/suppisuppl_inverseF unction/suppl_inverseFunction him! 99