Experiment- 1

Object-
To measure the internal diameter and depth of a given beaker by vernier calliper and hence find its
volume.

Apparatus-
Vernier calliper, a spherical body (pendulum bob) or a cylindrical rod, beaker.

Theory-
Volume of a cylindrical rod =

Where r is the radius and l is the length of the rod.

One main scale division = 1 mm

One vernier scale division = 0.9 mm

V.C. = 1MSD – 1VSD = (1 – 0.9)mm = 0.1mm = 0.01cm

Observations –
- Least count of vernier calliper = 0.01cm
- Zero correction = Zero

Observation Table –
1. Observation table for depth

S.No. M .S. R.(cm) V. S. R. (cm) Total reading Average

(x) n n x L. C.=y (x + y) (cm) reading (cm)
1
2
3

2. Observation table for internal diameter-

S.No. M .S. R.(cm) V. S. R. (cm) Total reading Average

(x) n n x L. C.=y (x + y) (cm) reading (cm)
1
2
3
 Calculation –

1. Average depth = = ………cm

2. Average diameter = = …….cm

3. Radius = = ………..cm

4. Volume of beaker = = ………….cm3

Result –
Volume of the given cylindrical beaker = ………… cm3

Precautions-
1. Oil the vernier if its motion is not smooth.
2. The zero error should be noted carefully with sign and taken into account.
3. The jaws should not be pressed too hard.

Source of Error –
1. None of the vernier divisions may be exactly coincident.
2. Vernier jaws may not be at right angle to main scale.
3. The vernier scale may be loose.