What is Generator?

Generator: An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy

obtained from an external source into electrical energy as the output.
Main components of Generator:
The main components of electric generator can be broadly classified as follows:

1. Engine
2. Alternator
3. Fuel System
4. Voltage Regulator
5. Cooling and Exhaust Systems

S
6. Lubrications System

R
7. Battery Charger

EE
8. Control Panel
9. Main Assembly/ Frame
IN
G
What is Engine?
EN

Engine: The engine is the source of input mechanical energy to the generator. The
size of engine directly proportional to the maximum power output the generator
F

can supply.
O

Turbo Charger: Bnv Ggb GKwU hš¿ hvnv evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv Kwg‡q Mig evZvm wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivq Ges
L

wmwjÛv‡ii AcmvwiZ evZvm †ei Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

O

Timer : Bnv Ggb GKwU Electric Equipments hvnv wbw`ó mg‡q Connect Ges Disconnect Gi
O

gva¨‡g Current Av`vb cÖ`vb K‡i|

H
SC

Relay: Bnv Ggb GKwU Electronic Equipments hvnv cÖ‡qvR‡b ms‡hvM cÖ`vb I wewQbœ K‡i|
Emergency Switch: †Kvb `yN©Ubv NU‡j `ªæZZg eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Bgv‡R©wÝ myBP e¨envi Kiv nq|
Cooling System 2 cÖKvi : K) Water Cool Engine L) Air Cool Engine
K) Water Cool Engine: cvwb Øviv †h BwÄb VvÛv nq Zv‡K IqvUvi Kzj BwÄb e‡j
L) Air Cool Engine: evZvm Øviv †h BwÄb VvÛv nq Zv‡K Gqvi Kzj BwÄb e‡j
Generator Cooling System Gi eY©bv :
Bnv Bwćbi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm‡óg| BwÄb‡K VvÐv ivL‡Z †iwW‡qUi n‡Z IqvUvi †gvU‡ii gva¨‡g AvcviûR
I †jvqviûR cvB‡ci gva¨‡g cvwb Bwćbi WaterJacket G cª‡ek K‡i BwÄb‡K VvÐv K‡i| Avevi H Mig
cvwb †iwW‡qU‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i cvwb‡K Avevi VvÐv K‡i| †iwW‡qU‡ii mvg‡b GKwU d¨vb _v‡K †hUv BwÄb Øviv
PvwjZ nq hvnv †iwW‡qU‡ii cvwb‡K VvÐv K‡i cybivq Bwćb cÖ‡ek Kivq Ges Gfv‡e BwÄb VvÐv _v‡K|

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET
Alternator: Bnv Ggb GKwU hš¿ hvnv Mechanical kw³ MÖnY K‡i Electrical kw³ Drcv`b K‡i|
Dynamo: Bnv Ggb GKwU hš¿ ev gva¨g hvnv e¨vUvix‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY PvR© K‡i|
Self-Starter: Bnv Ggb GKwU DC Motor hvnv e¨vUvixi gva¨‡g BwÄb‡K µvsK K‡i Start K‡i|
Thermostat Vulve: Bnv Radiator Gi Avcvi ûR jvB‡bi Water Pump Gi mvg‡b e¨eüZ nq|
BwÄb hLb Start n‡q 650 ZvcgvÎvq DwbœZ nq ZLb Thermostat Vulve Lyj‡Z _v‡K Ges Radiator
†_‡K BwÄb Gi Water Jacket cvwb mieivn ïiæ nq|
Pump: Bnv Ggb GKwU hš¿ hvnv R¡vjvbx U¨vsK †_‡K Avmv R¡vjvwb‡K Firing AW©vi Abyhvqx Bb‡R±‡i
Fuel mieivn K‡i BwÄb‡K Start K‡i|
Oil Pump Gi KvR : Bnv Ggb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wWfvBm hv BwÄb Gi wfZ‡ii mKj N~Y©vqgvb hš¿vs‡k gwej

S
mieivn K‡i|

R
AC Pump: Bnv Fuel System Gi Ggb GKwU hš¿vsk hvnv Mvox‡Z A_ev Bwćb Air Lock n‡j AC

EE
Pump Press K‡i jvBb n‡Z evZvm †ei K‡i BwÄb Start K‡i| IN
Injector: Bnv BwÄb Gi Ggb GKwU hš¿vsk hvnv Bwćbi wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb Fuel Spray K‡i|
G
EN

ATS: Bnv Ggb GKwU Electrical Device hvnv PDB Ges Generator †K µgvš^‡q ms‡hvM Ges wew”Qbœ
K‡i Ges we`y¨r bv _vK‡j Generator †K Start K‡i Ges we`y¨r Avm‡j †Rbv‡iUi‡K eÜ K‡i|
F

Canopy: Bnv GKwU Generator Gi XvKbv ev Kfvi hv mvDÛ‡K Kwg‡q †`q I gayi K‡i|
O

Silencer: BwÄb Gi Sound †K Kwg‡q †`q Ges †auvqv wbM©Z K‡i|

L
O

Change Over Switch: Ggb GKwU hš¿vsk hv PDB Ges †Rbv‡iUi Gi †jvW †K Manually µgvš^‡q
O

ms‡hvM Ges wew”Qbœ K‡i|

H
SC

Engine Cranking nq wKš‘ Start nq bv GgZve¯’vq KiYxq wK ?

cÖ_‡g Mobil †PK Ki‡Z n‡e, cvwb †PK Ki‡Z n‡e, Fuel Line G evZvm _vK‡j Zvn‡j A.C. Pump Gi
gva¨‡g evZvm evwni Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv hw` bv nq Fuel Pump Gi bvU wXjv K‡i evZvm †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
GiciI hw` bv nq Zvn‡j GKwU Injector Gi gv_vi bvU wXjv K‡i Start K‡i Zvici bvU UvBU w`‡Z
n‡e|
Synchronous Kv‡K e‡j ?
GKvwaK Generator Power GK m‡½ Output evwni Kivi c×wZ‡K Synchronous e‡j|
Synchronous Gi kZ©mg~n :
K) cÖwZwU †Rbv‡iU‡ii †fv‡ëR mgvb n‡Z n‡e
L) cÖwZwU †Rbv‡iU‡ii Face Sequence GK n‡Z n‡e

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET
M) Hz/Frequency mgvb n‡Z n‡e

Module ev Controller:
Generator mg¯Í Kvh©µg‡K gwbUwis Ges Kb‡Uªvj K‡i Zv‡K Module ev Controller e‡j|
K) BwÄb‡K ÷vU© I eÜ Kiv hvq L) Frequency ‡`Lv hvq
M) RPM†`Lv hvq N) mg¯Í Kvh©µg‡K gwbU‡i †`Lvq
O) mg¯Í Fault †K gwbU‡i †`Lv hvq
AVR (Auto Voltage Regulator) :

Bnv Ggb GKwU Device hvnv Generator †K wbw`ó cwigvY Exciting Coil Gi Voltage MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g
Output Voltage ‡K Control K‡i|

S
Flashing Gi wbqg : Generator †cvov jyeI‡qj evwni K‡i 20% bZzb wW‡Rj I 80% bZzb jyeI‡qj

R
wgwkÖZ K‡i Generator Gi A‡qjmvg G cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Generator цK Start Ki‡Z n‡e Ges 4 wgwbU

EE
†i‡L Zvici cybivq †Wªb w`‡q †ei K‡i w`‡q fvj jyeI‡qj Xvj‡Z n‡e|
Generator Servicing Gi c×wZ mg~n : IN
Generator Servicing Kivi Av‡M cÖ_‡g Battery Connection Ly‡j †dj‡Z n‡e Ges Module eÜ
G
Ki‡Z n‡e|
EN

1) Fuel Filter Changed 2) Oil Filter Changed

F
O

3) Air Filter Cleaning/Changed 4) Radiator Coolant Changed

5) Oil Sump Flashing 6) Radiator Clean/Washing
L
O

Over Hit Gi KviY I cÖwZKvi :

O

1) Air Filter R¨vg n‡j 2) Turbo hw` mwVK KvR bv K‡i

H
SC

3) Injector mwVK fv‡e KvR bv Ki‡j 4) Fuel pump mwVK KvR bv Ki‡j
5) Radiator mwVK KvR bv Ki‡j 6) Thermostat value mwVK fv‡e KvR bv Ki‡j
7) Vulve UvBwgs wVK bv _vK‡j
cÖwZKvi :
1) Air Filter R¨vg n‡j Cleaning/Changed 2) Turbo Servicing/Changed
3) Injector Servicing/Changed 4) Fuel Pump Servicing/Changed
5) Radiator Servicing/Changed 6) Thermostat value
Servicing/Changed
7) Vulve Clearance Adjust Ki‡Z n‡e

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET
Turbo charger I Exhaust manifold jvj nIqvi KviY Ges Zvi cÖwZKvi|
KviY :
1) Air Filter R¨vg 2) mwVKfv‡e Uv‡e©¨ PvR©vi KvR bv Ki‡j
3) Fuel Pump mwVKfv‡e Fuel mieivn bv Ki‡j 4) Injector mwVK fv‡e KvR bv Ki‡j
5) Overload _vK‡j 6) Vulve Time wVK bv _vK‡j
cÖwZKvi :
1) Air Filter R¨vg n‡j Cleaning/Changed 2) Turbo Servicing/Changed
3) Injector Servicing/Changed 4) Fuel pump Servicing/Changed
5) Thermostat value Servicing/Changed 6) Vulve Clearance adjust Ki‡Z n‡e

S
R
EE
Alternator Gi mgm¨v I Zvi cÖwZKvi :
1) µwgK Abymv‡i †fv‡ëR Kg nq IN
2) †fv‡ëR hw` †e‡o hvq
G
3) AvDUcyU ‡fv‡ëR hw` bv _v‡K
EN

cÖwZKvi :
F

1) Excisting Coil Gi jvBb mivmwi e¨vUvwii mv‡_ ms‡hvM K‡i +/Ñ hw` †fv‡ëR †`Lv hvq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z
O

n‡e AVR bó ZLb AVR change Ki‡Z n‡e|

L

2) e¨vUvwi jvMv‡bvi d‡j hvw` ‡fv‡ëR bv D‡V Zvn‡j Rotor, Armature Man Coil, Fil coil mn
O

Alternator Gi wewfbœ Ask †PK Ki‡Z n‡e|

O

❖ BwÄb I AjUv‡bU‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ :

H
SC

BwÄb AjUv‡bUi
Bnv Ggb GKwU hš¿ hv †Zj, evqy Øviv PvwjZ n‡q Bnv Ggb GKwU hš¿ hvnv Mechanical kw³ MÖnY
Mechanical kw³ Drcv`b K‡i Zv‡K BwÄb K‡i Electrtical kw³ Drcv`b K‡i
e‡j|
BwÄb Gi kw³‡K Avgiv HP Øviv cÖKvk Kwi Alternator Gi kw³‡K Avgviv KW Øviv cÖKvk
Kwi
Gi wbR¯^ kw³ Av‡Q wbR¯^ kw³ bvB
Mechanical kw³ Drcv`b K‡i Electrical kw³ Drcv`b K‡i
BwÄb Fuel Øviv PvwjZ nq BwÄb Øviv Alternator PvwjZ nq
BwÄb ‡_‡K †avqv wbM©Z nq Alternator †_‡K †avqv evwni nq

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET
❖ †c‡Uªvj I wW‡Rj Bwćbi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ :

†c‡Uªvj wW‡Rj
†c‡Uªvj Øviv PvwjZ nq Zv‡K wW‡Rj Øviv PvwjZ nq
Spark Plug e¨venvi nq Injector e¨venvi nq
Kv‡e©vUvi e¨venvi nq cv¤ú e¨venvi nq
dz‡qj I evZv‡mi wgkÖY wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i weï× evZvm cÖ‡ek K‡i
†c‡Uªvj Gi ivwbs LiP †ekx ivwbs LiP †ekx

S
BwÄb nvjKv BwÄb fvix

R
EE
Top Overhauling:
Vulve Sit cwieZ©b, Head Gusted cwieZ©b, Injector Servicing, Turbo Servicing, Tapped
IN
Clearance
G
EN

Minor Overhauling:
Ring cwieZ©b, Vulve Sit cwieZ©b, Head Gusted cwieZ©b, Injector Servicing, Turbo
F

Servicing, Pump Liner cwieZ©b, Tapped Clearance

O

Major Overhauling:
L
O

Ring cwieZ©b, Vulve Sit cwieZ©b, Head Gusted cwieZ©b, Injector Servicing, Turbo
O

Servicing, Pump Liner cwieZ©b, Piston cwieZ©b, Camp Shaft Servicing A_ev cwieZ©b, Crank
H

Shaft Griging, cvwjg A_ev cwieZ©b, Tapped Clearance, Fly Wheel Grigging, mKj Belt Gi
SC

cwieZ©b, Generator Gi mKj hš¿vsk Servicing, Checking, Re-fabrication|

Generator Gi Safety Device ZvwjKv :

1) Water Temperature Sensor 2) Lube oil Pressure Sensor
3) Under Voltage Sensor 4) Over Voltage Sensor
5) Over Hit Protection 6) Over Speed Protection
7) Over Load Protection 8) Fuse
9) Circuit Breaker
Battery Connection wew”Qbœ Kivi c×wZ :
memgq †Rbv‡iU‡ii e¨vUvwii cwRwUf jvBb Av‡M ms‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wew”Qbœ Kivi mgq Av‡M
†b‡MwUfUv Lyj‡Z n‡e|

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET
KW, KVA, Ampere Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© :
KVA †_‡K KW Ki‡Z n‡j 0.8 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z nq
KW †_‡K KVA Ki‡Z n‡j 0.8 Øviv fvM Ki‡Z nq
KVA †_‡K Amp Ki‡Z n‡j 1.44 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z nq (Approx)
KW †_‡K Amp Ki‡Z n‡j 1.55 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z nq (Approx)
BAR I PSI Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© :

1 BAR= 14.6 PSI 1Hp = 746 watt

1KW = 1000 watt 1000KW = 1 MW

S
R
cÖ_g 1 †_‡K 2 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ First Moving Spare Parts:

EE
1) Air Filter 2) Fuel Filter
IN
3) Lube Oil Filter 4) Turbo Servicing
G
5) Injector Servicing 6) Fuel pump Servicing
EN

7) Radiator Servicing 8) Fan Belt

9) Vulve Timing Adjust 10) AVR
F

Generator Running Ae¯’vq †h mg¯Í KvR Kiv DwPr bv :

O

1) Fuel Filling Kiv hv‡e bv

L
O

2) Radiator gyL †Lvjv hv‡e bv, hw` Riæix fv‡e Lyj‡Z nq Zvn‡j wfRv e¯Ív w`‡q Av‡¯Í K‡i gyL wVjv K‡i
O

Zvici Lyj‡Z n‡e|

H

3) wXjv Rvgv, c¨v›U A_ev jyw½ c‡i †Rbv‡iU‡ii Kv‡R hvIqv hv‡e bv
SC

2) Mobil †PK Kiv hv‡e bv

3) KvQvKvwQ Av¸b †bIqv hv‡e bv †hgbt wmMv‡iU, †gvgevwZ ev Ab¨vb¨ Av¸b
4) Fuel pump Servicing
5) Radiator Servicing
6) Fan Belt
7) Vulve Timing
Running Ae¯’vq Generator eÜ nIqvi KviY I cÖwZKvi :
1) Over Hit Gi Kvi‡Y 2) Fuel †kl n‡q †M‡j
3) Over Load Gi Kvi‡Y 4) Under Voltage I Over Voltage Gi Kvi‡Y
5) Fuel Line Lick Ki‡j 6) Fuel Line cvwb ev gqjv †h‡q R¨vg n‡j
7) gwej †cÖmvi Kg n‡q †M‡j 8) Fuel Pump Gi †¯øvbvBU Gi ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡q †M‡j
9) Hz Kg †ekx n‡j †Rbv‡iUi eÜ nq

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET
cÖwZKvi :
1) Over Hit n‡j Cooling Systems Servicing Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev cwieZ©b
2) Fuel Filling Ki‡Z n‡e
3) Over Load Kgv‡Z n‡e
4) Voltage wVK Ki‡Z n‡e
5) Fuel Line Lick n‡j Servicing A_ev cwieZ©b
6) Fuel Line cvwb ev gqjv †h‡q R¨vg n‡j cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e
7) Mobil Pump Gi †cÖmvi Kg n‡q †M‡j Servicing A_ev cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e
8) Fuel Pump Gi †¯øvbvBU Gi ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡q †M‡j Servicing Ki‡Z n‡e

S
R
9) Hz Kg †ekx n‡j Adjust Ki‡Z n‡e

EE
Generator Gi Common Fault :
1| BwÄb Pj‡Q wKš‘ †fv‡ëR †bB/ w¯úW †bB / w¯úW Avc WvDb Ki‡j eyS‡Z n‡e AVR Change Ki‡Z
IN
n‡e
G
2| Start †`Iqvi mgq Flywheel Nyi‡Q bv/ Ny‡i `uvwo‡q hv‡”Q Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e †h, Battery Down
EN

n‡q †M‡Q / Charge bvB|

3| Self Stator Start n‡”Q bv Zvn‡j †evSv hv‡e Fuse †K‡U †M‡Q / Self Stator cy‡o †M‡Q|
F
O

Generator Installation Gi wbqgvejx :

L

1) Generator Gi mvBR gZ GKwU 6Ó-8Ó D”PZv m¤ú~Y© GKwU Base Ki‡Z n‡e
O
O

2) Base Gi cD‡i Generator mgvb fv‡e emv‡Z n‡e

H

3) Properly Earthling Ki‡Z n‡e

SC

4) ATS ev Changeover G Generator n‡Z mwVKfv‡e Power Cable Gi Collection w`‡Z n‡e
5) Radiator G Collient I Distil Water Øviv c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e
6) Silencer mwVK fv‡e †mU Ki‡Z n‡e
7) Pipe Fuel, Lube oil cwic~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e
8) Battery Connection w`‡Z n‡e
9) Weight cell Battery n‡j Electrolyte w`‡q cwic~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e
10) Module Gi mg¯Í Parameter I Connection Check Ki‡Z n‡e
11) Three Phase mgvbfv‡e Output Load Distribution Ki‡Z n‡e
12) Generator Gi Pvicvk cwi¯‹vi K‡i Zvici Start w`‡Z n‡e

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET
 Generator iÿbv‡eÿY MvBW

cÖwZw`b Generator Pvjv‡bvi c~‡e© KiYxq

01 Generator Ges Generator iæg cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
02 Fuel Tank G Fuel Gi cwigvY ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
03 Dipstick Oil w`‡q Oil Pump Gi Oil Gi cwigvY †`L‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Oil Xvj‡Z n‡e|
04 Radiator Gi cvwbi cwigvY ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwigvY Kg n‡j cvwb Xvj‡Z n‡e|
05 Generator evwn¨K Connection mg~n ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZw`b †Rbv‡iUi Pvjv‡bvi c‡i KiYxq :

S
01 Mobil †cÖmvi 50 †_‡K 70 wc. Gm. AvB Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e, 50 wc, Gm. AvB Gi Kg n‡j Generator

R
Pvjv‡bv wVK bv|

EE
02 Radiator Gi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv m‡e©v”P 950 †m. n‡Z cv‡i|
03
IN
Frequency Load hy³ Ae¯’vq 50 †_‡K 52 ch©šÍ _vK‡e| wd«Kz‡qÝx 46 Gi Kg _vK‡j Generator
G
Pvjv‡bv wVK bv|
EN

04 Three Phase †jvW mgvb n‡Z n‡e (10%- Kg‡ekx MÖnY‡hvM¨)

05 Generator 5 wgwbU †jvWnxb Ae¯’vq Pvjv‡Z n‡e AZtci Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †jvW w`‡Z n‡e| (nVvr 30% Gi
F

†ekx †jvW †`qv hv‡e bv)

O

06 Generator †K †jvW gy³ K‡i 5-10 wgwbU †jvWnxb Ae¯’vq Pvjv‡Z n‡e
Generator cÖwZ 3 gvm ev 200 NÈv (hv Av‡M n‡e|) Pjvi ci KiYxq:
L
O

01 Mobil cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GKB m‡½ Mobil Filter I cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
O

02 Fuel Filter cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

H

03 Air Filter Blower ev Compressor w`‡q cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

SC

04 Radiator Gi cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwiewZ©Z cvwbi m‡½ Aek¨B Kz‡j›U †gkv‡Z n‡e|
05 e¨vUvixi B‡jKUªjvBU †j‡fj †PK Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Distil Water †X‡j B‡jKUªjvBU †j‡fj wVK
ivL‡Z n‡e|
Generator cÖwZ 6 gvm ev 500 NÈv (hv Av‡M n‡e) Pjvi ci KiYxq:
01 Air Filter cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
02 Water Filter cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
03 Radiator Ae¯’v †PK Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Radiator cwi¯‹vi I Flashing Ki‡Z n‡e|

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam

B.Sc In EEE, DUET, MSc In Energy Engineering, DUET