SUBSTATION DESIGN

Engr. Md. Fardouse Alam, MIEB-40075

 SUBSTATION

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and

distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or
the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. The
word substation comes from the days before the distribution system
became a grid.
 MAIN PARTS OF SUBSTATION

The electrical power system consists of three major

components: generation, a high voltage transmission grid, and
a distribution system. The high voltage transmission system
links the generators to substations, which supply power to the
user through the distribution system.
 HOW DOES A SUBSTATION WORK ?

The electricity is transmitted at very high voltages and low

currents to reduce the heat, eddy currents, and other
transmission losses. The substations are where the voltages
are increased to high values by using step up transformers, and
after the transmission, they are again stepped down for
distribution.
 WHY DC IS USED FOR A SUBSTATION

The electrical power system consists of three major

components: generation, a high voltage transmission grid, and
a distribution system. The high voltage transmission system
links the generators to substations, which supply power to the
user through the distribution system.
 SWITCHGEAR

In an electric power system, switchgear is composed of electrical

disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect
and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize
equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.
 PURPOSE OF A SWITCHGEAR

Electrical switchgear refers to a centralized collection of

circuit breakers, fuses and switches (circuit protection
devices) that function to protect, control and isolate
electrical equipment. The circuit protection devices are
mounted in metal structures.
 TYPES OF A SWITCHGEAR

The switchgear is mainly classified into two types, the

outdoors type and the indoor type. For voltage above
33kV, the outdoor switchgear is used.
 HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR

The power system deals with voltage above 33KV, is referred as high
voltage switchgear. As the voltage level is high the arcing produced
during switching operation is also very high . Minimum oil circuit
breaker (MOCB), air blast circuit breaker and SF6 circuit breaker are
mostly used for high voltage switchgear.
33/11/0.4 KV SUBSTATION

Two parts-

1. Outdoor Part
2. Indoor Part
EQUIPMENT’S OF A OUTDOOR PART

1. ABS

2. ACR

3. ISOLATOR

4.LIGHTNING ARRESTOR -1

5. PT

6. VCB

7. CT

8. LA-2

9. POWER TRANSFORMER
EQUIPMENT’S OF A INDOOR PART

1. HT SWITCHGEAR

2. DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

3. LT SWITCHGEAR

4. PFI PLANT
 CONTROL PANEL & DC SYTEM

1. CONTROL & RELAY PANEL (CR PANEL)

2. REMOTE TAP CHANGER CONTROLLER PANRL (RTCC PANEL)

3. BATTARY CHARGER

4. BATTERY BANK
11/0.4 KV SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT

1. DROPE OUT FUSE SET

2. LA 12 KV

3. HT SWITCHGEAR (LBS/VCB) *

4. DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

5. LT SWITCHGEAR

6. PFI PLANT
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF A SUBSTATION
POWER TRIANGLE & LOAD FLOW
PFI SELECTION & LOAD DISTRIBUTION
CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION
CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION
CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION
11/0.4 KV SUBSTATION
CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION
FLOOR PLAN WITH
EARTHING DIAGRAM
 THANK YOU!
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