7

Technology and
Livelihood
Education
SMAW NCI–Module 5
Control Hazards and Risks
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1

What I Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1
Definition of Terms -------------------------------3

CONTROL HAZARDS AND RISKS

What’s In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15
What I Have Learned - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16
What I Can Do - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17
Assessment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18
Additional Activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19
Answer Key - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20
References - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21
 What I need to know?

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you demonstrate and identify the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
in the workplace.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different types of PPE's

2. Observe proper wearing of PPE's in the workplace.
3. Enumerate the benefits of observing safety procedures.

What I know

Let us determine how much you already know about control hazards and
risks. Take this test.
Pre Test
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of your answer in
your SMAW activity notebook.
1. It is made of chrome leather and prevents the entry of sparks between our
clothes and body.
a. leather jacket c. protective cover all
b. leggings d. welding spats
2. It is a device that is inserted in the ear canal to protect the user's ears from
loud noises.
a. ear muffs c. face shields
b. ear plugs d. safety goggles
3. Which is made from leather to protect the legs and feet?
a. leather gloves c. safety shoes
b. protective Cover All d. welding spats
4. Are made of chrome leather that protects the arms.
a. leggings c. protective cover all
b. protective Sleeves d. welding spats

1
5. Which equipment is use in chipping of slags?
a. safety shoes c. protective cover all
b. welding spats d. safety goggles
6. How does the safety harness work?
a. protect your eyes c. protect your hands
b. protect your feet d. protect you from falling
7. Which device protects you from loss of hearing?
a. ear muffs c. goggles
b. glasses d. masks
8. Which equipment is used in grinding and cutting?
a. face shield c. respirator
b. leggings d. shoes
9. Which equipment protects your head from falling objects?
a. ear muffs c. goggles
b. hard hats d. leggings
10. It has a heat resistant soles and impact resistant toes.
a. gauntlet c. safety shoes
b. leather jacket d. welding spats
11. It is used to prevent the inhalation of dust and smoke.
a. ear muffs c. respirators
b. leggings d. welding spats
12. It has a flexible band and worn as protection against extreme noise.
a. ear muffs c. respirators
b. leggings d. welding spats
13. It is a form of protective eye wear that is usually enclosed.
a. ear muffs c. goggles
b. hard hats d. leggings
14. How does welding spats work?
a. protect your eyes c. protect your hands
b. protect your feet d. protect you from falling
15. What equipment protects the whole body?
a. cover all c. jacket
b. gauntlet d. leggings

2
 Definition of Terms

Asbestos is an excellent electrical insulator and is highly heat-

resistant.
Beard the hair that grows on a man's face often excluding the
mustache.
Brim an upper or outer margin.
Fray to wear out or into shreds.
Gauntlet is a variety of glove, particularly one having been
constructed of hardened leather or metal plates which
protected the hand.
Lanyard a piece of rope or line for fastening something such as
railings.
Lifeline a line (such as a rope) used for saving or preserving life.
Nicks a small cut or wound.
Noxious describes any happening that is perceived as harmful.
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
Sole the bottom supporting member of the shoe.
Spatter The small, unwanted droplets of molten metal emitted
during welding.
Ventilation the process of "changing" or replacing air in any space to
provide high indoor air quality.

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Module
CONTROL
5 HAZARDS AND RISKS

Before the start of your work ask yourself. Am I safe with what I wear?
What do I need to be safe while performing my work? This is the attitude of a
good and safe worker. We have one life. Protect yourself from the hazards and
risks at work.

The main ways to control a hazard include:

• Elimination: remove the hazard from the workplace, or substitute

hazardous materials or machines with less hazardous ones.
• Engineering Controls: includes designs or modifications to plants,
equipment, ventilation systems, and processes that reduce the source
of exposure.
• Administrative Controls: controls that alter the way the work is done,
including timing of work, policies and other rules, and work
practices such as standards and operating procedures (including
training, housekeeping, and equipment maintenance, and personal
hygiene practices).
• Personal Protective Equipment: equipment worn by individuals to
reduce exposure such as contact with chemicals or exposure to noise.

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 What’s in?

SAFETY FIRST! GO GOGO AYOS!

Directions: Match the pictures in Column A with Column B. Write your answer
in your SMAW activity notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1 a. Warning Electric hazard

b. Danger poisonous substance

2
c. Chemical shower area

d. Wear face shield

3

e. Caution flammable substance

4 f. No taking of pictures allowed

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 What’s new?

Directions: Put an x mark if the picture represents Unsafe to use in the work
place and put if the picture represents Safe to use. Write your
answer in your SMAW activity notebook.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10

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 What is it?

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Observing health and safety precautions in welding operation is of
greatest importance. Your life and that of the others are more important than
the job you are doing.
Welding Helmet / Shield

It is used to protect our face and eyes from

the arc rays and heat, and the spatter from
molten metal. The arc is viewed through a
filter which reduces the intensity of radiation
https://www.alibaba.com
but allows a safe amount of light to pass for
viewing the weld pool and end of the
electrode.

https://www.alibaba.com

Safety Helmet / Hard Hat

Protects the head from falling objects.

https://www.alibaba.com
Face Shield

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 It is a hard plastic covering the eye while
cutting and grinding.

https://www.alibaba.com

Cover All

Is made of a light asbestos coated with

aluminium to protect the whole body when
welding.

https://www.alibaba.com

Leather Jacket

It is made of chrome leather and prevents

the entry of sparks between our clothes and
body.

https://www.alibaba.com
Leather Apron

It is made of chrome leather and provides

the welder with complete protection of his
chest to mid calf from sparks and hot metal.

https://www.alibaba.co
m
Welding Gloves / Gauntlet

8
 It is made of chrome leather and protects our
hands from heat, spatter, and radiations.

https://www.alibaba.com

Protective Sleeves

They are made from leather to protect the

arms.

https://www.alibaba.co
m
Welding Spats

They are made of chrome leather and

protect our feet from spatter.

https://www.alibaba.co
m
Safety Shoes

It has a heat resistant soles and impact

resistant toes. Some safety shoes have
metal in soles, while others protect workers

https://www.alibaba.com from different types of electrical hazards.

Safety Goggles

9
 It is used as a protective eye wear that
usually enclosed or protect the area
surrounding the eye in order to prevent flying
particles from damaging the eye.
https://www.alibaba.com

Ear Muffs

Are used for ear coverings and are

connected by a flexible band and worn as
protection against extreme noise.

https://www.alibaba.com

Respirators

It is an apparatus worn over the mouth and

nose or the entire face to prevent the
inhalation of dust, smoke, or other noxious
https://www.alibaba.com substances.
Safety Harness

It prevents from falling on high places.

https://www.alibaba.com

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 PROPER WEARING AND THE BENEFITS OF
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Head Protection

Safety Helmet / Hard Hat Welding Cap

https://www.alibaba.com

Safety helmets should be inspected prior to their use.

➢ Inspect suspension systems that show evidence of materials cracking,
tearing, fraying or other signs of deterioration. Suspension should
provide a minimum clearance of 1 to 1.25 inch between the top of the
workers head and the inside crown of the hat.
➢ Check any signs of cracks of perforations of brim or shell, deformation
of shell, or evidence or exposure to excessive heat, chemicals or
radiation.
➢ Remove any accumulation of conductive material on or inside the shell
that cannot be removed prior to use.
Objects should not be placed inside the safety hat between the shell
and the suspension device. This space is designed so an impact will
not transmit to the head of the worker.
➢ Safety helmets should be kept free of abrasions, scrapes, and nicks and
should not be deliberately dropped, thrown, or otherwise abused
because they will lose their protective qualities. Ventilation should not be
drilled in safety hats.

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 Eye and Face Protection

Face Shield Safety Glasses Safety Goggles

https://www.alibaba.com
Eye protectors must meet the minimum requirements:
➢ Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which
they are designed
➢ Be reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditions
➢ Fit snugly without interfering with the movements or vision of the
wearer
➢ Be durable.
➢ Be capable of being disinfected.
➢ Be kept clean and in good repair
Ear Protection

Ear Muffs Ear Plugs

https://www.alibaba.com

The prevention of excessive noise exposure is the only way to avoid

hearing damage. Engineering and administrative control must be used if the
sound levels are exceeded. If such controls fail to reduce the sound levels
within the level specified, personal hearing protection must be used. Moulded
earplugs should be individually fitted by a professional. Some earplugs are
disposable, to be used one time and then thrown away. The non-disposable
type should be cleaned after each use for proper protection.

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 Earmuffs must make a perfect seal around the ear to be effective.
Glasses, long sideburns, long hair and facial movements, such as chewing may
reduce protection. Special equipment is available for use with glasses or
beards.

Foot and Leg Protection

Safety Shoes Welding Spats

https://www.alibaba.com

For protection of feet and legs from falling or rolling objects, sharp
objects, molten metal, hot surfaces, and wet slippery surfaces, workers should
use appropriate foot guards, safety shoes, boots and leggings. Never wear
open-toed footwear while working with hot metal or welding apparatus.

Safety Harness, Lifelines and Lanyards

https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Fall-Protection-Full-body-safety-harness

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 Lifelines, safety harness, and lanyards are used only for safeguarding
employees. Any lifeline, safety belt, or lanyard are actually subjected to in-
serving loading, as distinguished from static load testing shall be immediately
removed from service and shall not be used again for employee safeguarding.

Safety Harness

Inspect

Position back D-ring between

shoulder blades

Buckle up legs

Buckle up front

Adjust so the harness fits snuggly

and D-ring remains in the correct
position

https://www.ccohs.ca/search/?q=safety+harness&section=oshanswers

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 What’s more?

Directions: Read the questions and analyze. Write the letter of your answer
in your SMAW activity notebook.
1. What equipment is needed to protect your feet from falling or rolling
objects?
a. Rubber shoes c. Slippers
b. Safety shoes d. All of the above
2. It is used to protect you from fumes and dust while welding or grinding?
a. Face mask c. Leggings
b. Face shield d. Respirator
3. What equipment is needed to protect your head from falling objects?
a. Face Shield c. Safety Goggles
b. Hard Hat d. Welding Helmet
4. What equipment used to protect our ears from extreme noise?
a. Ear muffs c. Respirator
b. Face Shield d. Safety Goggles
5. What equipment is needed to protect you from falling in high places?
a. Safety Goggles c. Safety Helmet
b. Safety Harness d. Safety Shoes
6. They are made of chrome leather and protect our feet from spatter.
a. Face shield c. Respirator
b. Goggles d. Welding spats
7. It is made of chrome leather and prevents the entry of sparks between our
clothes and body.
a. Leather Jacket c. Safety Shoes
b. Leggings d. Welding Helmet
8. They are the protective eye wear used in welding shop, except;
a. Face Shield c. Safety Goggles
b. Safety Glasses d. Sun Glasses

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9. Are made from light asbestos coated with aluminium to protect the whole
body during welding
a. Cover all c. Jacket
b. Face Shield d. Leggings
10. It is equipment that must be worn always inside the workshop.
a. Face Shield c. Safety Shoes
b. Safety Glasses d. Welding Helmet

What I have learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks. You can find your answers in the box provided
below. Write your answer in your SMAW activity notebook.

Welding Helmet Hard Hat Face Shield Earmuffs

Respirator Hand held shield Safety Shoes
Leather Jacket Footwear Safety Harness Safety Glasses

1. Never wear open-toed ______while working with hot metal or welding

apparatus.
2. The _______ must make a perfect seal around the ear to be effective.
3. The _______ must be kept free of abrasions, scrapes, and nicks.
4. An apparatus worn over the mouth and nose to prevent the inhalation of dust
is ________.
5. When grinding and cutting _________should be used.
6. The ________ makes you work with one hand only.
7.You should wear _______ to protect the feet from falling or rolling objects.
8. The________ prevents the entry of sparks between our clothes and body.
9. The________must be worn while inside the workshop.
10. The _______is more convenient to use because it allows both hands to
work freely.

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 What I can do

Directions: Identify the pictures below. Write your answer in your SMAW
activity notebook.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10.

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 Assessment

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement
is wrong. Write your answer in your SMAW activity notebook.
____ 1. To protect yourself from spatter, wear a helmet.
____ 2. When working in high places you need to wear a safety harness.
____ 3. Safety shoes are used to protect your feet from rolling or falling
objects.
____ 4. Leggings are made of leather to protect your body from sparks.
____ 5. In welding overhead positions, leather jacket is needed.
____ 6. Face shield is used in grinding and cutting operations.
____ 7. Leather gloves protect your hands in hot metal surface and burns.
____ 8. Earmuffs must make a perfect seal around the ear to be effective.
____ 9. Safety helmet must not be free from abrasions and cracks.
____ 10. PPE is not important consideration in the development of a safety
and health program.

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in
your SMAW activity notebook.
Column A Column B

a
1. Inspect

2. Position back D-ring between

b
shoulder blades

c
3. Buckle up legs

4. Buckle up front
d

5. Adjust so the harness fits snuggly

e
and D-ring remains in the correct
position

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and

relax a while then move on to the next lesson.
Good luck!!!!!!!!

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Answer Key

20
 References

Books:
1. TESDA (2016) K-12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Learning
Module in Shielded Metal Arc Work (SMAW) Grade 7 and 8

Internet Sources:
1. Unsplash
Photos for everyone
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/clothing
2. Alibaba.com
https://www.alibaba.com/trade/search?fsb=y&IndexArea=product_e
n&CatId=&SearchText=personal+protective+equipment&viewtype=
&tab=
3. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety, 1997-2020
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/hazard_control.html
4. https://www.toolsadviser.com/maintenance-of-tools-and-equipment
5. Wikepedia
The Free Encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_symbol

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Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region 10

Office Address: Zone 1, DepEd Building, Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang,
Cagayan de Oro City
Contact Number: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph