PROJECT REPORT ON:

AUTOMATIC POWER
FACTOR CORRECTOR

ANKUSH RAJ PATRA

VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY, OF
TECHNOLOGY,BURLA
DURING THE PERIOD OF VOCATIONAL
TRAINING 25TH MAY 2022 TO 21ST JUNE 2022

Acknowledgement
The preparation of this report would not have been
possible without the Asia’s Premier Aerospace
Complex facilities provided by the Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited, Sukhoi Engine Division,
Koraput.
Heartfelt thanks to Mr. SHIV KUMAR BIRTIA
(Manager,Maintainance) for the guidance he
provided throughout the training period. I am very
grateful to him as he got me through the most basic
applications of the electrical concepts in the
industry.
I would like to thank all the employees and staffs of
HAL who contributed their valuable and precious
time apart from their working hours which enable
us to have a clear understanding of the project “
AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTOR”.
I am highly obliged to Mr. Sameer Rout,Mr Subrat
Kumar Sahoo,Mr Narayan Patra for providing
sufficient knowledge and insight for the project.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. ANKUSH RAJ PATRA (B.TECH IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING) Of VEER
SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,BURLA has
sincerely submitted a project report on “AUTOMATIC POWER
FACTOR CORRECTOR” under the guidance of Mr.SHIV KUMAR
BIRTIA (MANAGER) at Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. SUKHOI Engine
Division, Koraput.

Signature Signature

[Mr.SHIV KUMAR BIRTIA] [Mr.S.B.SATHPATHY]

[Sr.MANAGER,MAINTAINANCE] [Dy.MANAGER,T&D
INSTITUTE]

HISTORY OF HAL
The beginning of HAL can be traced to the year 1940
when a far sighted industrialist, the late Seth
Watchband Harahan, set up a company called
Hindustan Aircraft Limited at Bangalore with the
object of establishing an aviation industry that can
manufacture, assemble and overhaul aircraft. Initially
aircraft like Curtiss Hawk, Vulture Bomber and
Harlow Trainer was taken up for manufacture and
overhaul in collaboration with Inter Continental
Aircraft Company of the USA.

With the escalation of the Second World War the

government of India took over the management of the
company in 1942 and handed it over to US Air force
for repair and overhaul of various aircraft. The main
activity for the next few years after the war was
reconditioning and conversion of war surplus aircraft
for the use of IAF and Civil Operators.

In the six decades, HAL has spread its wings to

cover various activities in the areas of design,
development, manufacture and maintenance. Today
HAL has 14 production divisions spread over at
Bangalore, Nasik, Koraput, Kanpur, Luck now,
Korowai, Hyderabad and Barrack pore. These
divisions are fully backed by 9 design centers, which
are co-located with the productive divisions. These
centers are engaged in the design and development of
combat aircraft, helicopter, aero engine, engine test
beds, aircraft communication and navigation systems
and accessories of mechanical and fuel systems and
instruments.
The current program include production of Dhruv
an Advanced Light Helicopter, Jaguar, LCA, Su-30,
MkI and upgrades of MIGs, Jaguar and Avro HS-748.

HAL, KORAPUT DIVISION:

An agreement was signed in August, 1962
with the Soviet Union for manufacture of MiG-21 E7FL
Air craft under license the Aero engine Factory at
Koraput (ORISSA), the Air frame Factory at Nasik
(Maharashtra), and the Avionics Factory at Hyderabad
(Andhra Pradesh) have been set up to meet this
requirement on the name of Aeronautics India Limited
which was formed on April 1964 and new company
under the name of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited was
formed.
The government sanction for the first phase of
construct of the aero engine factory at Sunabeda
(Koraput) was accorded March 1964 and the factory
started manufacture of R11F2-Series-III engines for
fitment on MIG-21FL Aircraft from 1969 onwards. The
first engines of imported category manufactured in
December 1968 and various categories of engines were
produced during the subsequent years. The first raw
material engine was produced in February 1971.
The production programmed for the factory also
includes manufacture of forging and casting required
for MiG-Aircraft.
To meet the Air force requirement for improved
fight interceptor aircraft, an agreement was signed with
USSR in August1976 for manufacturing MiG-21BIS
Aircraft. The power plant of this aircraft is the R25
turbojet engine. The government approval for setting up
capital facilities was accorded in October 1977. The
first engine of imported category delivered to HAL
Nasik Division in the year 1978-79.The FI raw material
engine was delivered during January1983.

With signing of the inter governmental

agreement for manufacture of MiG 27M Aircraft on 19 th
March 1982, this Division would be involved in the
manufacture of R-29B series of engine from the year
1984-85.
In order to attain self-sufficiency and to avoid
difficulties regarding supply of Raw Material & other
layout items from USSR, it was decided to provide
indigenous supply of spares manufacturing for
Overhaul/maintenance of the fleet. The Government
approval for undertaking the tax received during 1977-
78 and the indigenization plan was formed to tackle,
● ARS and first moving spares.
● Metallic material.
● Non-metallic material.
 ● Ready-made articles.

The activities towards these are being progressed as

per approved time frame.

The various departments present in this

division are:
1. Forge 2.
Foundry
3. Tool room 4.
Small parts and fuel
5. Heat metal and welding 6.
Blades
7. Electroplating 8.
Heat treatment
9. Compressor
10. Turbine.
11. CNC 12.
Assembly
13. Overhaul 14.
Gear
15. Test house 16.
Maintenance
Now there are seven divisions of HAL in India.
Divisions are:
1. Bangalore Division (Karnataka)
Barak pore Division (West Bengal) (It is a branch of
Bangalore Division)
2. Nasik Division (Maharashtra)
3. Koraput Division (Odisha)
4. Hyderabad Division (Andhra Pradesh)
5. Lucknow Division (Uttar Pradesh)
6. Kanpur Division (Uttar Pradesh)
7. Korwa Division (Uttar Pradesh)

Products of HAL, Koraput

Division:
The final product manufactures in HAL, Koraput
Division are Mig. Engine. Some component of Mig.
Engines are being originally manufactured where some
other parts are usually imported from other countries.
Besides new production, old and damaged Mig engines
are repaired in this division HAL, Koraput Division
itself is a sophisticated aero engine industry. The state
of art-technology of required for an aeronautical
industry is existing in HAL, Koraput Division. While
the division started manufacturing and overall Mig 4
Aero engine over the years. It has come in a long way
in a long way in manufacturing and overhauling of
engine. The indigenous name of HAL, Koraput
Division product are given in the table laid below:
INDIGENOUS NAMES OF HAL PRODUCTS

SL.
AIRCRAFT ENGINE
No. INDIGENOUS NAME
1 MIG-21FL R11-F2Ó BADAL
2 MIG-21M/MF R11-F2S/F2SK TRISHUL
3 MIG-21BIS R-25 VIKRAM
4 MIG-23MF R-29 RAKSHAK
5 MIG-23BN R-29B VIJAY
6 MIG-25 R-29B GARUD
7 MIG-27M R-29B BAHADUR
8 MIG-29 RD-33 VAJ
9 GNAT ORPHEUS-701 AJEET
10 HF-24 ORPHEUS-703 MARUT
11 HJT-16 VIPER-11 KIRAN
ADOUR MK-
12 JAGUAR SHAMSHOR
803
13 MIRAGE-2000 M-53 VAJRA
HS-748
14 DART-531 CHITRA
(AVRO)
ARTOUSTE- CHE (HELICOPTER)
15 ALLOUTEE
IIIB CHEETAH
--------------------
16 AN-32 SUTLUJ
-
--------------------
17 MI-8 PRATAP
-
--------------------
18 MI AKBAR
-
PISTON
19 HPT-32 --------------------
ENGINE
20 SU-30 AL31FP SUKHOI
For the last 2 years the Division has started overhauling
RD-33 engines required for Mig-29 under the license
with USSR. The division at present is geared up to go in
producing of MKI SUKHOI-30 Hypersonic fighter
plane engines. The project work has convinced now.

The following are the products developed and

designed by HAL:

SL. NO. NAME OF THE CRAFT PURPOSE

1 HT TRAINER

2 PUSHPAK TRAINER

3 KRISHAK AIR OBSERVATION

4 MARUT (HF-24) GROUND ATTACK

5 MARUT (TRAINER) ADVANCED JET TRAINER

6 KIRAN MAKE-II&IA AGRICULTURAL

7 BASANT GROUND ATTACK

8 AJEET AB TRAINER

9 HPT-32 TRANSONIC JET

10 AJEET TRAINER
 HAL has five main
complexes in India.
1. Bangalore complex.
2. MiG complex.
3. Accessories complex
4. Design complex.
5. Helicopter complex.

1. Bangalore complex
(A) Aircraft Division Manufacturing Jaguar Aircrafts

(B) Engine Division Manufacturing Jaguar

Engines

(C) Indl& Marine Gas Turbine,(IMGT)

(D) Forge and Foundry Division - Manufacturing
high Precision castings and forgings

(E) Overhaul Division Overhaul of

Jaguar and
other Engines

(F) Airport Service Center -Manufacturing

launching of pads and common satellites

(G) Aerospace Division

(H) Central Material & process

Laboratory
2. MiG COMPLEX
(A) Aircraft Division Nasik- Manufacturing and
Overhaul of airframes.

(B) Aircraft Overhaul Division, Nasik

[C] Engine Division Koraput Manufacturing and

Overhaul of MiG engine

(D) Sukhoi Engine Division, Koraput

(E) Aircraft Upgrade R&D Centre, Nasik

(F) Gas Turbine R&D Centre, Koraput

3.ACCESSORIES COMPLEX
(A) Avionics Division Hyderabad Manufacturing of
Navigational equipment

(B) Transport Aircraft R&D Center

Kanpur Manufacturing of passenger
Aircraft and gliders.

(C)Accessories Division Lucknow-Manufacturing of

Hydraulic pumps, fuel pumps and stator generator.

(D)Avionics Division Korwa -

Manufacturing
of advanced navigational
equipment.
(E) Strategic Electronics R&D Center Hyderabad

(E) Strategic Electronics R&D Center Hyderabad

(F) Aircraft System & Eqpt R&D Center

Lucknow,Korwa

(G)Transport Aircraft R&D Center Kanpur

4.DESIGN COMPLEX

(A) Aircraft R&D Center

(B)Mission & Combat System R&D Center

(C)Engine Test System R&D Center

5. HELICOPTER COMPLEX
(A)Rotary Wing R&D Center

(B) Helicopter Division

(C) Helicopter MRO Division

D) Barrack pore Division

(
(E)Composite Mfg Division

HEAD OFFICE
The head office of HAL is located at Bangalore another
at New Delhi under the minister of defense.

1.NEW DELHI
2.MUMBAI
3.CHENNAI
4.VISAKHAPATNAM

POWER DISTRIBUTIONN
IN HAL
The 132 KV power from OSEB(Odisha State
Electrocity Board) is received at HAL 132KV
double circuit transmission line.
The 132 KV power received is stepped down to
11KV by numbers of 25MVA , 132/11KV
transformer. The 11KV supply from the
transformer is fed through 11 KV bus ducts to 25
panel board located in the control room. The
11KV supply is fed to various substations located
in each hanger by through XLPE cables. 
All the equipments in the substation like
VCB,LT,ACB/MCCB along with the equipment in
132KV substation will be controlled from the
CENTRAL CONTROL PANEL(CCP) located in
the control room.
The various substation are connected in the ring
main such that any two substation are
interconnected through ring network.
Ring networks in HAL:
i)Substation 1 interconnected to Substation-5
ii)Subsation -2  interconnected to substation-8
iii)Substation-3 interconnected to Substation -4
iv)Substation-6 interconnected to Substation-7

HAL 11/415 kv
11kv POWER
POWER

HT APFC LT APFC
COMPONENTS OF HAL
SUBSTATION
1. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
2. ISOLATOR WITH E/S
3. ISOLATOR WITHOUT E/S
4. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
5. SF-6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
6. BUS BAR

POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION
What is power factor?
Power factor (PF) is the ratio of working
power, measured in kilowatts (kW), to
apparent power, measured in kilovolt amperes
(kVA).
->Apparent power, also known as demand, is
the measure of the amount of power used to
run machinery and equipment during a certain
period. It is found by multiplying (kVA = V x
A). The result is expressed as kVA unit.

->Power factor is an expression of energy

efficiency. It is usually expressed as a
percentage—and the lower the percentage,
the less efficient power usage is.
->How to calculate power factor
To calculate power factor, you need a power
quality analyzer or power analyzer that measures
both working power (kW) and apparent power
(kVA), and to calculate the ratio of kW/kVA.
The power factor formula can be expressed in
other ways:
PF = (True power)/(Apparent power)
OR
PF = W/VA
Where watts measure useful power while VA
measures supplied power. The ratio of the two is
essentially useful power to supplied power.
IMPORTANCE OF POWER
FACTOR CORRECTION
Power factor correction (PFC) aims to improve
power factor, and therefore power quality.
It reduces the load on the electrical distribution
system, increases energy efficiency and reduces
electricity costs.
It also decreases the likelihood of instability and
failure of equipment.
Power factor correction is obtained via connection
of capacitors which produce reactive energy in
opposition of energy absorbed by loads especially
inductive loads.

MEASURES ADAPTED BY
HAL FOR POWER
FACTOR CORRECTION
Generally there are two methods for power factor
correction:
a)Synchronous motor method 
b)Capacitor Bank/APFC
*A Synchronous Motor can be made to
operate at unity and leading power factor by
just increasing its excitation voltage i.e. by
increasing the field current. This advantage of
Synchronous Motor is used to improve the
power factor.
***In HAL,Sunabeda the Capacitor bank method is
used .

AUTOMATIC POWER
FACTOR CORRECTOR
Automatic Power Factor Corrector is the
equipment to improve power factor in industrial
networks.
Through multistep capacitor bank
implementation ,significant KVA reduction and
energy savings can be achieved.
In industries, a huge part of the load is inductive
and requires reactive power for current
magnetization. This reactive power is a waste and
not utilized for any actual work. And this leads to a
need for additional power to run a machine from
the ideal needs. This results in a low power factor
and can lead to voltage fluctuations, power issues,
operational losses, as well as higher electricity bills
and heavy penalties. APFC Panels also helps to
overcome this difficulty by maintaining the power
factor close to unity.
A power factor correction unit is consist of a
number of capacitor banks that are switched by
means of thyristor. These thyristors are regulated
by controller that measures the power factor in an
electric network.
The controller adjusts the number of capacitor
banks to improve the efficiency of electrical
system by taking into consideration the present
inductive load and the targeted power factor.If the
power factor is not within the preset target the
system starts energising the capacitors until the
desired power factor is reached.
APFC Panel has microcontroller based
programmable controller which switches the
capacitor banks of suitable capacity automatically
in multiple stages by directly reading the reactive
load (RKVA) which works in the principle of VAR
sensing tends to keep up the PF to 1.
COMPONENTS OF APFC PANEL
VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKER:
A vacuum circuit breaker is a kind of circuit
breaker where the arc quenching takes place in a
vacuum medium.
SURGE ARRESTOR:
A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical
equipment from over-voltage transients caused by
external (lightning) or internal (switching) events.
SURGE CAPACITOR:
A surge capacitor is a device designed to absorb
surges and/or reduce the steepness of their wave
front. A capacitor is able to absorb and hold a
charge of electricity, returning it to the circuit at a
later time. Since the surge capacitor is always
connected to the power circuit, current flows at all
times.
HRC FUSE:
HRC fuse (high rupturing capacity fuse) is one
kind of fuse, where the fuse wire carries a short
circuit current in a set period. If the fault occurs in
the circuit then it blows off.
VACCUM CONTACTOR:
A vacuum contactor is a device that contains
electrical contacts inside a sealed “vacuum
interrupter” called a vacuum bottle. This sealed
environment in which the switching takes place
allows for a fast, clean “make/break” action of the
contacts in harsh, dirty environments.
SERIES REACTOR:
Series reactors are connected in series to power
capacitors. They suppress harmonics in the power
grid and prevent problems caused by unusual
events such as transient overcurrent and
overvoltage that are generated by opening and
closing of power capacitors.
CAPACITOR BANK:
Capacitors are used to keep the power factor
close to unity due to the presence of inductive load
in industries.
APFC PANEL DETAILS
Model number:SPF-03/08/T/311/3/N/R1
08: Number of outputs
T:Thyristorised type
311:
3:415ac line-line 3 phase 3 wire at feedback
voltage level
1:1 amp ac CT secondary at load current feedback
side
1: 1 amp ac CT secondary at capacitor current
feedback side
3:
  Auxiliary supply voltage 415 ac
N: 
  No additional feature
R: RS232 with TAS protocol with one serial port.

CAPACITOR BANK DETAILS

SYSTEM: 415V,3 phase,4W
Busbar: 1000A,Cu
Item:APFC panel type A
Degree of protection:IP 52
Fault level:35KA
Ambient temperature:45degC
Insulation level:3.0 KV
Capacitor bank rating:600 KVAR
ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR FINANCIAL YEAR
20-21
SL MO Rat T/S E/D SED % OF % OF % OF
.N NTH e TOTAL CONSU CONSUM CONSUM TOTA TOTA TOTA
O @ ENERGY MPTION PTION PTION L L L
Rs. CONS CONS CONS
CONSUM
/un
PTION UM.F UM.F UM.F
it
OR OR OR
T/S E/D SED

KW Am K Am KW Am KW Amo
H ount W oun H ount H unt
in H t in in in
Rs Rs Rs Rs

1 AP 5.8 265 154 78 453 878 510 997 578 29 33 38

RIL 0 628 195 05 110 640 045 080 798
202 0 43 60 3 1 8
0

2 MA .c4 505 251 85 426 197 982 222 110 17 39 4444

Y .97 717 108 91 587 788 096 017 240
202 0 71 20 4 0 5 0 32
0

3 JUN 6.0 489 293 78 468 198 119 212 127 16 41 4343
E 0 176 518 03 213 568 146 576 551
202 0 96 20 3 0 22 0 41
0

4 JUL 5.8 515 304 72 428 195 115 247 145 14 38 4848
202 9 786 052 71 632 908 486 166 702
0 0 35 20 3 0 44 0 68

5 AU 5.9 488 291 77 461 202 120 208 124 16 41 43

G 7 560 556 30 325 406 789 850 634
202 0 82 40 3 0 36 0 93
0

6 SEP 5.8 498 290 73 428 217 126 206 120 15 44 41

T 3 220 220 64 986 856 904 720 417
202 0 04 40 5 0 13 0 26
0

7 OC 5.8 476 280 74 440 190 112 211 124 16 40 44

T20 9 568 882 66 035 840 478 068 400
20 0 31 00 3 0 35 0 44

8 NO 5.8 466 271 71 417 195 113 199 116 15 42 43

V 3 662 927 71 894 184 752 762 402
 202 0 53 60 6 0 2 0 85
0

9 DE 5.6 473 268 77 439 195 110 200 113 16 41 42

C20 7 206 275 50 394 496 832 206 503
20 0 40 40 6 0 85 0 09

10 JAN 5.7 458 263 74 426 183 105 200 115 16 40 44

202 5 690 792 24 999 902 761 540 330
1 0 22 80 6 0 88 0 38

11 FEB 5.7 439 252 65 377 181 104 191 109 15 41 44

202 4 380 093 88 985 820 318 680 975
1 0 28 00 0 0 81 0 97

1 MAR 5. 4844 27984 711 4109 2007 11596 2125 12277 15 41 44

2 2021 7 480 354 440 665 560 760 480 930
8

Tota; 5562 32014 900 5180 2248 12946 2412 13888 16. 40. 43.
consumption 0410 6659 812 1307 3880 3501 8410 1850 20 42 38
for year 20- 0
21

HAL Koraput is divided in two division ED(Engine

Division)&SED(Sukhoi Engine Division).Each
division required heavy power to run the
division.By above table we get the energy
consumption of both the division. Overall energy
consumption of ED is 22483880kv in year 20-21
While SED energy consumption is 24128410kv in
the year 20-21. In the month of sept ED consume
2178560kv which is comparative high to other
month.It cost Rs12690413.While in SED
2471660kv is used in month of july of 2020.It cost
Rs 14570268.It is the peak time while comparing
to other month. Total consumption of ED for 20-21
is 2248380kv which cost Rs129463501. In SED
total consumption for 20-21 is 24128410kv which
cost Rs138881850.

POWER CONSUMPTION(IN
KWH/MONTH)FOR 20-21
H S APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR T A T A
A / E O V O V
N S T G T G.
G A .C A A
E L O L M
R C N A T/
O S M M
N U T O
S M I N
U P N T
M R H
P S IN
I L
N A
K
U H
N S
I
T
S

U A U A U A U A U A U A U A U A U A U A U A U A
N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M
I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T
T @ T @ T @ T @ T @ T @ T @ T @ T @ T @ T @ T @
S 5 S 4 S 6 S 5 S 5 S 5 S 5 S 5 S 5 S 5 S 5 S 5
. . . . . . . . . . . .
8 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 6 7 7 7
0 6 0 9 7 3 9 3 7 5 4 8

1 s 7 4 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 7 1 1. 8 7.
0
s 0 0 5 9 4 5 5 1 2 3 3 7 3 9 2 5 1 7 2 4 2 9 3 8 5 2 9 4
1
- 3 7 9 3 1 1 5 5 2 1 2 1 5 5 9 6 8 0 9 3 0 2 6 6 5 9 1 3
0 0 7 9 1 9 4 5 8 6 9 3 3 1 7 8 9 2 1 3 4 7 8 0 6 1 3 7 1
0 4 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 2 0 0 0 3 4 6 0 9 0 7 0 1 0 5 7 2
1
0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 9 0 9 0 7 0 4 0 5 0 8 2 4 2
0 1
1 s 1 6 1 9 1 1 2 1 1 9 1 9 1 1 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 8 1 9 2 1. 1 9.
0
s 2 9 9 7 8 1 2 2 5 3 7 9 7 0 5 3 6 4 6 3 5 7 6 7 0 6 1 7
2
- 0 8 5 1 5 1 0 9 7 7 1 9 5 3 9 1 6 2 2 3 2 3 7 0 3 9 7 5
0 4 3 9 6 6 3 6 9 1 8 5 8 2 1 8 6 3 9 4 8 1 0 9 4 4 6 0 4
2 0 6 0 6 0 3 0 8 0 4 0 9 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 6 8 4
2 0
0 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 7 0 5 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 4
0 0 4 8 0 4
9

1 s 3 2 8 4 8 5 9 5 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 7 4 8 5 9 7. 5 4
0
s 4 0 6 2 7 2 1 3 6 1 2 8 0 7 0 6 3 7 2 7 7 4 7 0 5 9 5 6.
3
- 5 0 5 9 3 4 6 9 1 4 4 0 0 1 4 8 0 1 5 4 7 6 0 3 9 9 2 0
0 2 2 2 1 9 3 6 8 2 1 4 6 3 2 0 7 8 0 1 4 8 4 5 1 5 6 3 3
6 2 4 3 5 1 8 0 3 0 2 0 7 3 4 0 6 0 3 0 5 0 4 1 6 0
3 8
2 0 9 0 8 0 3 0 6 0 5 0 6 0 9 0 3 0 2 0 7 0 9 7 4
s 0 4 1 0 3 4 2 7 5 6 5 2 0 0 2
s 9
-
0
4

1 s 3 2 8 4 8 5 9 5 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 7 4 8 5 9 7 5 4
0
s 4 0 6 2 7 2 1 3 6 1 2 8 0 7 0 6 3 7 2 7 7 4 7 0 5 . 5 6
3
- 5 0 5 9 3 4 6 9 1 4 4 0 0 1 4 8 0 1 5 4 7 6 0 3 9 9 2 .
0 2 2 2 1 9 3 6 8 2 1 4 6 3 2 0 7 8 0 1 4 8 4 5 1 5 9 3 0
6 2 4 3 5 1 8 0 3 0 2 0 7 3 4 0 6 0 3 0 5 0 4 1 6 6 3
3 8
2 0 9 0 8 0 3 0 6 0 5 0 6 0 9 0 3 0 2 0 7 0 9 7 4 0
s 0 4 1 0 3 4 2 7 5 6 5 2 0 0 2
s 9
-
0
4
1 s 6 3 1 6 1 8 1 1 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 1 8 7
0
s 0 5 3 6 3 2 7 0 2 5 3 5 3 0 2 2 0 0 0 8 1 8 2 3 4 . 5 .
4
- 8 2 5 9 8 9 0 0 5 0 0 9 7 8 3 2 6 1 1 5 8 0 7 7 7 2 0 0
0 0 6 0 6 2 2 4 3 7 4 2 0 1 6 8 0 1 5 8 3 6 7 6 5 5 3 0 8
4 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 6 0 9 5 4 0 8 0 5 0 6 0 2 5 0 5 4
5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 9 0 6 0 7 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 4 0 8 5 6
6 0 3

1 s 1 7 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1
0
s 2 0 6 3 3 4 0 7 3 3 3 3 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 8 . 6 3
5
- 1 5 6 2 4 0 0 7 0 7 2 5 3 9 9 9 5 3 4 4 0 6 3 5 0 3 1 .
0 6 2 4 1 1 4 9 2 6 6 4 4 2 1 7 7 2 3 6 8 2 3 8 1 2 3 2 4
8 2 4 2 7 0 3 0 6 0 8 8 8 0 4 6 9 0 9 0 9 0 3 8 6 2 3
s 0
0 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 5 0 2 0 5 0 4 0 6 8 7 6
s 0 3 0 1 2 2 9 1 4 0 8 4 0 7
- 5
0
7
U s 1 7 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
T
I s 2 1 5 2 5 5 0 7 5 5 6 5 7 6 4 4 5 4 5 4 2 2 5 4 4 . 7 4
L - 2 1 7 7 5 3 4 9 9 4 3 3 4 1 0 0 6 5 4 6 6 9 4 6 6 4 1 .
I 0 7 6 5 7 7 4 0 0 5 9 7 7 3 5 5 2 0 3 7 4 4 9 3 9 9 7 0 2
T
Y 8 0 6 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 2 0 3 0 6 0 1 3 2 0 5 0 5 0 8 8 5 5 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 1 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 5 5 0 4
0 0 5 1 7 5 0 1 5 6 4 4 2
4

1 5 7 4 1 8 1 8 1 1 1 9 1 8 1 4 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 7 1 7 7 1 9 8
0
5 5 3 6 1 4 8 9 1 6 9 4 4 4 6 2 0 4 9 4 0 2 2 3 9 9 . 8 .
6
- 4 7 3 0 8 9 3 3 7 8 4 4 7 9 0 3 0 6 0 6 6 4 6 0 0 4 1 1
0 0 3 4 4 3 8 3 9 2 1 8 1 7 9 7 6 5 6 3 7 3 9 7 5 5 2 1 7
2 0 6 0 0 9 0 0 8 0 8 0 5 0 8 0 3 0 2 0 6 8 8 8 1 5 6
9 0
0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 1 0 5 0 5 0 2 0 8 8 6
7 4

N 5 3 2 6 3 6 3 8 5 5 3 7 4 7 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 3 0 4
3.

/ 3
5 4 0 2 1 3 7 9 2 8 4 0 0 3 3 9 0 0 4 4 6 2 5 5 8 8 . 2
T .
- 9 2 9 2 1 8 0 4 4 8 2 9 8 4 9 7 9 5 1 8 1 6 8 0 0 6 7
0
5
H
O
1 0 4 2 0 4 8 6 5 0 6 0 2 0 6 0 5 0 3 0 5 0 4 3 3 4 4 6
0
U 0 0 2 0 4 0 4 0 6 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 7 0 5 2 2 6 0 2
S 0 3 0 3 8 6 2 7 3 5 4 4 4 9
E
0
Q 5 3 2 9 4 6 3 7 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 7 4 5 3 6 3 6 3 7 4 4 0 4 4
A
5 7 1 6 7 4 8 9 6 8 0 4 3 4 9 9 6 7 2 3 6 6 7 8 5 5 . 8 .
H
- 8 9 5 8 2 5 2 6 5 8 6 4 4 7 6 4 4 5 9 8 0 8 4 3 3 7 7 0
1 0 2 0 6 1 2 0 4 0 9 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 5 0 8 0 1 1 0 9 6
4 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 5 5 9 5 6
1 0 0
0 0 0 8 5 8 6 8 8 5 0 2 2 5
0

O 5 5 3 1 6 1 8 2 1 1 7 1 6 1 8 1 8 1 7 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 0
R
5 9 4 3 8 4 4 5 5 2 5 0 1 3 0 4 3 2 2 2 6 8 0 0 1 1 . 0 .
H
- 0 2 9 9 1 9 5 0 6 2 5 2 6 1 3 3 7 0 4 7 4 5 7 9 9 1 0 8
1 0 2 1 9 6 6 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 4 0 6 0 6 6 4 6 3
0 0 4 0 0 0 9 0 2 0 5 0 1 0 9 0 9 0 2 0 1 0 4 4 6 8 9
2
5 5 6 6 6 5
0

W 5 2 1 3 1 6 3 1 9 2 1 1 7 1 9 1 8 1 9 7 2 1 3 1 1 0 1 0
T
5 0 1 5 7 5 9 6 7 5 4 2 3 5 2 5 9 7 9 1 8 6 3 9 9 . 1 .
P
- 0 6 0 3 0 0 5 1 1 9 6 4 7 4 4 7 6 7 3 2 8 6 4 4 1 2 9
1 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 8 0 5 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 0 6 0 2 2 6 3 3
0 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 8 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 1 6
3
0 7 8 8 2
3

TOT 9 5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1
AL
9 7 2 1 1 2 4 4 0 2 0 1 1 2 9 1 0 1 9 1 9 1 1 2 4 0 3 1
SU-
30 7 8 2 0 2 7 7 5 8 4 6 9 1 4 9 0 0 3 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 . 8 5
FAC 0 3 0 1 5 5 1 5 8 6 7 1 0 3 7 0 2 5 6 0 6 0 5 8 2 1 6 .
TOR 0 1 2 7 4 6 8 5 8 2 7 6 1 6 8 0 1 8 2 8 2 4 5 8 0 8 5
Y 8
6 7 0 6 5 6 0 0 3 0 1 8 9 2 9 6 6 0 4 0 4 8 2 4 7 1 6
LOA 0 4 0 4 0 6 0 7 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 3 0 3 0 7 1 7 8
D IN
KW 3 0 7 5 3 5 6 0 2 2 4 0 4
H 6
In HAL there are different types of hanger. Every
hanger has different load. There are 11 hanger in
Now we will see load details in each and every
hanger. In 103 hanger power consumption is very
high 9595170kv,which cost Rs 55236429kv.In 101
is total consumption of power is 1551740kv.In 102
power consumption is 7034800kv.In 103 power
consumption is 9595170kv. In 104 powewr
consumption is 1475550kv. In 105 power
consumption is 2802880kv. In 106 power
consumption 1704770kv. In N/T house 775220kv
power is used. In QAH power consumption is
880510kv.In ORH power consumption
is174670kv.In WTP 193500kv 

Advantage of Power
Factor Correction
1. Avoid Power Factor Penalties
Most industrial processing facilities use many
induction motors to drive their pumps, conveyors,
and other machinery in the plant. These induction
motors cause the power factor to be inherently low
for most industrial facilities. Many electric utility
companies assess a power factor penalty for a
lower power factor (usually below 0.80 or 0.85).
Some also incentive high power factor (above
0.95, for example). By adding power factor
correction, you can eliminate the power factor
penalty from your bill.

2. Reduced Demand Charges

Many electric utility companies charge for
maximum metered demand based on either the
highest registered demand in kilowatts (KW meter)
or a percentage of the highest registered demand
in KVA (KVA meter), whichever is greater. If the
power factor is low, the percentage of the
measured KVA will be significantly greater than
the KW demand. Improving the power factor
through power factor correction will lower the
demand charge, helping to reduce your electricity
bill.

3. Increased Load Carrying

Capabilities in Existing Circuits
Loads drawing reactive power also demand
reactive current. Installing power factor correction
capacitors at the end of existing circuits near the
inductive loads reduces the current carried by
each circuit. The reduction in current flow resulting
from improved power factor may allow the circuit to
carry new loads, saving the cost of upgrading the
distribution network when extra capacity is
required for additional machinery or equipment,
saving your company thousands of dollars in
unnecessary upgrade costs. In addition, the
reduced current flow reduces resistive losses in
the circuit.

4. Improved Voltage
A lower power factor causes a higher current flow
for a given load. As the line current increases, the
voltage drop in the conductor increases, resulting
in a lower voltage at the equipment. With an
improved power factor, the voltage drop in the
conductor is reduced, improving the voltage of the
equipment.

5. Reduced Power System Losses

Although the financial return from conductor loss
reduction alone is insufficient to justify the
installation of capacitors, it is sometimes an
attractive additional benefit; especially in older
plants with long feeders or in field pumping
operations.
Disadvantage of Power
Factor Correction
1. Capacitor consumes energy at the rate 0.5-1.0
watt peer KVAR
2. Single increase in voltage.
3. Harmonics distortion produced by capacitor
banks.

CONCLUSION
Automatic Power Factor Corrector is a very
essential equipment used in industries to reduce
the Reactive power consumption thereby for
reducing expenses.
Automatic Power Factor Controller does not
require any employee to be present for the whole
time to operate it. As the loads vary time to time
the APFC functions to increase the power factor to
keep up with pf 1.
At peak hours when there is power factor of about
0.78 to 0.8 ,the APFC brings it to 0.98 and
sometimes 0.99 thereby reducing the high
electricity bills.
REFERENCE
->132 KV SUBSTATION,SUKHOI ENGINE
DIVISiON,HAL SUNABEDA
->www.elprocus.com
->https://www.wikipedia.org/
->https://www.electrical4u.com/