College of Arts, Sciences, and Education

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE
HISTORY (GEHISTO)

Period Covered: Week 7-11

(Mid Term)

Prepared by:

Camille L. Silva
Professor

Approved by:

Mark Nicolas A. Macabulos

Department Chair, Humanities and Social Sciences

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph 19

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph

 MODULE 2

LESSON TOPICS TARGET

SCHEDULE

Lesson 1 Teaching history through Artworks Week 7

Content and Contextual

analysis of selected
primary sources

Lesson 2 Document analysis through Week 8-11

reaction paper on the following
Controversies and primary sources:
Conflicting View in
Philippine History ∙ Cavite Mutiny
∙ The First Cry of the Revolution
∙ Tejeros Assembly
∙ Jose Rizal’s Retraction

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph

 LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY AND SOURCES

Suggested Timeframe: 1 Week

TOPICS

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to demonstrate the following
skills involved in contextual and content analysis of historical sources,
specifically artworks:

4. Analysis of artworks as sources of historical data

5. Examine the perspectives of these artworks
6. Create their own artwork that will describe the country's current socio
economic or socio-political conditions

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this lesson, the students are expected to:

✔ Analyze the content, context, and perspective of artworks as sources of historical
data

ATTRACT (Engage)

Illustrations, drawings, and photographs play a large part in the study of

history (Torres, 2018). Below is a known painting of the Filipino artist, Juan
Luna, entitled “Spoliarium”. Based on your research or background
knowledge, what is the meaning of this painting? Why was it painted by Juan Luna?
What are your insights on the artwork?

Sourc
e: https://useum.org/artwork/Spoliarium-Juan-Luna-1884

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph

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Philippine political cartoons gained full expression during the American era.
Filipino artists recorded national attitudes toward the coming of the Americans as well as
the changing mores and times. About 377 cartoons compiled in the book “Political
Caricature of the American Era, 1900-41 by historian Alfred W. McCoy speak for
themselves (Martinez et al.,2018)
Look for one of the political cartoons in the PPT and discuss its socio-political
context and meaning.

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IMPLANT (Explain)

[Artworks] have stories to tell and enable us to distinguish details that give us
insights into something beyond the texts. They are also a record of the past useful for
historians. Photographs and illustrations reflect the social conditions of historical realities
and everyday life and indicate the situations of past societies. Editorial cartoons, on the
other hand, are sources of political expression or propaganda in the historical era in
which they came out (Torres, 2018)

Here are some of the samples of the artworks used as historical sources:

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph

 Source:
https://twitter.com/lopez_muse/status/553731502895157248

EL CANDIDADO LONGINO

- A satirical cartoon from the July 27, 1901 issue of the Lipang- Kalabaw (Lipag
Kalabaw), a weekly satirical magazine published in Manila
- Shows Philippine Assembly candidate Dominador Gomez as the Roman centurion
Longinus delivering the final spear blow to the crucified freedom fighters (Macario
Sakay, Francisco Carreon, Julian Montalan, and Lucio de Vega)
- All were sentenced to death for banditry by the American government - Gomez was
instrumental in the surrender of Sakay and his men but the latter was subsequently
arrested despite assurances of safe conduct by the govt - Gomez was later blamed for the
death of Sakay and many believed that he betrayed the Filipino rebels to the Americans

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph

 POPULAR MANIFESTATION IN HONOR OF THE TRIUMPHANT
CANDIDATE OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF MANILA, FERNANDO MA.
GUERRERO, 11TH OF AUGUST 1907

- Cartoon from the magazine Lipang-Kalabaw

- Depicts festivity or parade of Filipinos celebrating the election of their popular
candidate
- Americans who witnessed the event were bothered by the massive show of support of
Filipino patriots and the singular display of the American flag amidst banners and
Philippine flags
- Philippine Commission passed on August 23, 1907, Act No. 1696, or the Flag Law,
which banned the public display of the Philippine flag and other patriotic banners
- when the Philippine Assembly opened at the Manila Grand Opera House in September,
only the American flag could be seen – an ironic display for an otherwise Philippine
legislative body

SET OUT (Elaborate)

Here are some artworks which can be used in discussing Philippine History.
Explain the historical contexts of the succeeding paintings/ illustrations. What
do they tell us?

PAINTINGS/ HISTORICAL MESSAGE

ILLUSTRATIONS CONTEXT

Illustrations from the Boxer

Codex

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph

 España guia a Filipinas por
el camino del progreso by
Juan Luna

tak sa Puso ni Mang Juan by

Antipas Delotavo

EVALUATE

A. What is the significance of artworks such as editorial cartoons, paintings, or

photographs in the mapping of history?

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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph

 ESSAY RUBRIC

Did not answer the question. 1- 2 points

Answers are partial or incomplete. The key points are not 3- 4 points
clear. The question is not adequately answered.

Answers are not comprehensive or completely stated. Key 5- 6 points

points are addressed, but not well supported.

Answers are accurate and complete. Key points are stated and 7- 8 pts
supported.

Answers are comprehensive, accurate, and complete. Key 9- 10 pts

ideas are clearly stated, explained, and well supported.

References:

Ariola, M. M., & Parajas, R. P. (2018). Readings in Philippine history (new general curriculum
complaint). Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing Inc.

Jose Victor Torres. (2018). Batis: Sources in Philippine History. C & E Publishing, Inc.

Martinez, R. M., Guimpatan-Bumidang, J., & Tayaban, D. B. (2018). The readings in Philippine
history. Mindshapers Co., Inc.

McCoy, A. (1985). Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era, 1900-1941.
Vera-Reyes.

Solmerano, E. T. M., Palencia, M. M., & Galicia, R. D. M. (2018). Readings in Philippine

History. Fastbooks Educational Supply, Inc.

Umali, V., Ramos, O., & Amvida, M. (2018). Readings in Philippine history. Jodeh Publishing.

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY|FAITH Colleges|clsilva@firstiasia.edu.ph