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Võ Bì Thành Phư C - GCS200547 - Assignment 1
Võ Bì Thành Phư C - GCS200547 - Assignment 1
Internet of Things
ASSIGNMENT
No.1
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the
consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of
malpractice.
Student’s signature
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2
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Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business
Student Name/ID
Vo Bi Thanh Phuoc / GCS200547
Number:
Issue Date:
Submission Date:
Date:
Submission Format:
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Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Analyze what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software
applications
LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture,
frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs
LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data,
platforms and services.
LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the
potential impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might
encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem
You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT
products for the consumer, corporate, government and defense clients. As part of your
role your manager has tasked you to plan and develop a new IoT product, service or
application for a potential client. You are required to identify a target user and conduct
tests with this user and include this feedback into multiple iterative versions of your
product.
• Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to
conduct with this user. This plan will be in the form of a document and will include
supporting evidence and material, such as user personas and customer journey
maps.
• Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with
enhancements gathered from user feedback and experimentation. This will follow
the pathway outlined in your plan.(log book,)
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Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria
LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing
software applications
LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture,
frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs
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Table of Contents
Assignment Brief 1 (RQF) ..................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 8
[P2 & P3] Review and investigate standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware,
and APIs available for use in IoT development.................................................................. 23
[M1] Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and
APIs in the software development lifecycle. ..................................................................... 47
[M2] Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and
APIs in IoT security. ............................................................................................................ 50
[M3] Discuss and give out the reason for your IoT platform chosen ................................ 53
[M4] Apply your selected techniques to create an IoT application development plan. ... 56
Reference ........................................................................................................................... 62
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Introduction
The Internet of Things is making the fabric of the world around us smarter
and more responsive, merging the digital and physical universes. The range of
existing and potential Internet of Things devices is enormous. Consumers often
use their smartphones to communicate with IoT devices, whether it’s a smart
speaker or home thermostat. Connected devices offer convenience, like helping
you make a grocery list, or savings, like when you turn down the heat at home
while you’re on vacation. In this report, we will find out what IoT have.
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[P1] Explore various forms of IoT functionality
1. Definition of IoT
These devices, or things, connect to the network to provide the information they
gather from the environment through sensors, or to allow other systems to reach out
and act on the world through actuators. They could be connected versions of common
objects you might already be familiar with, or new and purpose-built devices for
functions not yet realized. They could be devices that you own personally and carry with
you or keep in your home, or they could be embedded in factory equipment, or part of
the fabric of the city you live in. Each of them is able to convert valuable information
from the real world into digital data that provides increased visibility into how your
users interact with your products, services, or applications. The specific use cases and
opportunities across different industries are numerous, and in many ways, the world of
IoT is just getting started. What emerges from these scenarios is a set of common
challenges and patterns. IoT projects have additional dimensions that increase their
complexity when compared to other cloud-centric technology applications, including:
• Diverse hardware
• Diverse operating systems and software on the devices
• Different network gateway requirements
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2. The history of the internet of things
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Most sites that try to explain the history of the Internet of Things want to
give you the whole story of how the Internet itself – and all the technologies
relating to it – came into being. However, given that it’s pretty darn obvious
that you don’t get the Internet of Things without first having a worldwide
computer network to connect those things, let’s skip this part and begin with
what you’re really interested in – the history of IoT.
So, leaving aside the first radio voice transmission and the development of
computers, one of the first truly recognizable examples of IoT – which occurred
over a decade before the concept was given a name – was a Coca-Cola machine
in the early 80s, located at the Carnegie Melon University in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. A student at the unit – one David Nichols – was tired of having to
walk what he describes as “a relatively long way” from his office to the
refrigerated Coke machine every time he wanted a soda, only to find often that
the thing would be empty (or, if it had been recently refilled, the glass bottles
inside to be unsatisfyingly warm).
However, it wasn’t until 1999 that the “IoT” name was coined – and you
can blame a guy named Kevin Ashton, Co-Founder of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology’s Auto-ID Center (later replaced by the more research-
oriented Auto-ID Labs in 2003). The “Internet of Things” was the title of a
presentation Ashton made for Procter & Gamble while he was still working there
as a brand manager. Ashton had been assigned to help launch a line of
cosmetics – but he was concerned that every time he went into his local store, a
certain shade of brown lipstick always seemed to be sold out. He checked with
the people in charge of P&G’s supply chain, who told him that plenty of lipsticks
in that color were available in the warehouse. This wasn’t good enough – Ashton
wanted to know where his lipstick was, what was happening to it, and why the
store couldn’t keep it in stock. However, no one could give him an answer.
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At roughly the same time, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags were
being developed. Such tags were embedded with tiny radio-enabled chips,
which could transfer small bits of data wirelessly.
Figure 3: The Internet of Things was "born" between 2008 and 2009.
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By the late 2000s to early 2010s, corporations around the world were
starting to get really excited about the Internet of Things – much in the way
they’re getting excited about artificial intelligence and machine learning today.
IBM began work on its Smarter Planet campaign around this time. McKinsey
started writing reports on the state of Internet of Things technology. And Cisco
declared in 2011 that
IoT was “born” between 2008 and 2009 – the point in time when more
things or objects were connected to the internet than there were living people
on the planet. In the same year, Gartner added the new emerging phenomenon
to its famous Hype-cycle for Emerging Technologies list for the first time.
IoT startups started coming out of the woodwork – such as Nest Labs in
2010, manufacturing products like sensor-driven, Wi-Fi-enabled, self-learning
thermostats and smoke detectors. In 2014, Google announced that it would be
buying Nest Labs for $3.2 billion. And this was perhaps the moment – bolstered,
no doubt, by the emergence of Amazon Alexa and subsequently Google Home –
when the Internet of Things was truly brought to the public’s attention, and the
market has been positively snowballing ever since.
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According to IDC, worldwide spending on the Internet of Things is forecast
to reach $745 billion in 2019 – an increase of 15.4% over the $646 billion spent
in 2018 – and will surpass the $1 trillion mark in 2022. The industries expected
to see the fastest annual compound growth rates (CAGR) over the 2017-2022
forecast period are insurance (17.1%), federal/central government (16.1%), and
healthcare (15.4%). The greatest levels of investment in 2019 will be
manufacturing operations ($100 billion), production asset management ($44.2
billion), smart home ($44.1billion), and freight monitoring ($41.7 billion).
Between 2017 and 2022, the IoT use cases that are expected to deliver the
fastest spending growth are airport facility automation (transportation), electric
vehicle charging (utilities), agriculture field monitoring (resource), bedside
telemetry (healthcare), and in-store contextualized marketing (retail).
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Figure 5: Overview of IoT technology
Local sensor networks carry the sensor data from sensors to a gate way
device for further processing and transport of the data over the Internet or other
public networks to the cloud. They can have fixed network topologies like star,
ring, bus tree, or mesh networks or they can be formed in an ad hoc manner.
Shared media access protocols using time division multiple access (TDMA),
frequency division multiple access (FDMA) or code division multiple access
(CDMA) technologies are used on top of the physical network connectivity for
seamless transportation of the sensor data.
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Bluetooth and Zigbee are the most popular wireless sensor network
technologies, while Wi-Fi also can be used in some scenarios. Depending upon
the use case, the sensors can be interconnected using wired network also or can
be connected point-to-point to the gateway using serial interfaces like universal
serial bus (USB).
b. Gateway Subsystem:
Gateway subsystems connect to local sensor networks on one side and public
networks like the Internet on the other side. They typically operate as a router, gateway,
or switch bridging the two different types of physical network and protocol stacks. For
example, the public network is typically Internet Protocol (IP) enabled, whereas in most
of the cases the local sensor network is not.
One of the sensor nodes in local sensor network can become the gateway or
there can be dedicated gateway devices. Because typically gate way devices can have
more memory and computing power and in many scenarios are electrically powered, it
is possible to execute some of the high sampling rate sensor signal processing and noise
cancellation algorithms in the gateway itself so that clean data at a reduced rate goes to
the cloud.
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c. Cloud Connectivity Networks
5. IoT characteristics
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There are 7 crucial IoT characteristics:
1. Connectivity. This doesn’t need too much further explanation. With everything
going on in IoT devices and hardware, with sensors and other electronics and
connected hardware and control systems there needs to be a connection
between various levels.
2. Things. Anything that can be tagged or connected as such as it’s designed to be
connected. From sensors and household appliances to tagged livestock. Devices
can contain sensors or sensing materials can be attached to devices and items.
3. Data. Data is the glue of the Internet of Things, the first step towards action and
intelligence.
4. Communication. Devices get connected so they can communicate data and this
data can be analyzed. Communication can occur over short distances or over a
long range to very long range. Examples: Wi-Fi, LPWA network technologies such
as LoRa or NB-IoT.
5. Intelligence. The aspect of intelligence as in the sensing capabilities in IoT devices
and the intelligence gathered from big data analytics (also artificial intelligence).
6. Action. The consequence of intelligence. This can be manual action, action based
upon debates regarding phenomena (for instance in smart factory decisions) and
automation, often the most important piece.
7. Ecosystem. The place of the Internet of Things from a perspective of other
technologies, communities, goals, and the picture in which the Internet of Things
fits. The Internet of Everything dimension, the platform dimension, and the need
for solid partnerships.
Every new technology faces a million challenges in its initial phases. Internet of
Things also poses some grave issues that need to be tackled well in order to utilize its
fullest potential. But let’s leave the threats aside for the time being and focus only on
the positives in this post. (Quek, 2021)
Before we understand the impact IoT can have on our way of living, it’s
important to go through its advantages and disadvantages:
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Figure 10: Advantages and disadvantages of IoT
a. Pros:
- Communication
IoT encourages the communication between devices, also famously known as
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. Because of this, the physical devices are
able to stay connected and hence the total transparency is available with lesser
inefficiencies and greater quality.
- Automation and Control
Due to physical objects getting connected and controlled digitally and centrally
with wireless infrastructure, there is a large amount of automation and control in the
workings. Without human intervention, the machines are able to communicate with
each other leading to faster and timely output.
- Information
It is obvious that having more information helps making better decisions.
Whether it is mundane decisions as needing to know what to buy at the grocery store or
if your company has enough widgets and supplies, knowledge is power and more
knowledge is better.
- Money
The biggest advantage of IoT is saving money. If the price of the tagging and monitoring
equipment is less than the amount of money saved, then the Internet of Things will be
very widely adopted. IoT fundamentally proves to be very helpful to people in their daily
routines by making the appliances communicate to each other in an effective manner
thereby saving and conserving energy and cost. Allowing the data to be communicated
and shared between devices and then translating it into our required way, it makes our
systems efficient. (Quek, 2021)
- Efficient and Saves Time
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The machine-to-machine interaction provides better efficiency, hence; accurate results
can be obtained fast. This results in saving valuable time. Instead of repeating the same
tasks every day, it enables people to do other creative jobs. (Quek, 2021)
b. Cons:
- Privacy/Security
With all of this IoT data being transmitted, the risk of losing privacy increases. For
instance, how well encrypted will the data be kept and transmitted with? Do you want
your neighbors or employers to know what medications that you are taking or your
financial situation?
- Safety
Imagine if a notorious hacker changes your prescription. Or if a store automatically ships
you an equivalent product that you are allergic to, or a flavor that you do not like, or a
product that is already expired. As a result, safety is ultimately in the hands of the
consumer to verify any and all automation. As all the household appliances, industrial
machinery, public sector services like water supply and transport, and many other
devices all are connected to the Internet, a lot of information is available on it. This
information is prone to attack by hackers. It would be very disastrous if private and
confidential information is accessed by unauthorized intruders.
- Compatibility
As devices from different manufacturers will be interconnected, the issue of
compatibility in tagging and monitoring crops up. Although this disadvantage may drop
off if all the manufacturers agree to a common standard, even after that, technical
issues will persist. Today, we have Bluetooth-enabled devices and compatibility
problems exist even in this technology! Compatibility issues may result in people buying
appliances from a certain manufacturer, leading to its monopoly in the market.
- Lesser Employment of Menial Staff
The unskilled workers and helpers may end up losing their jobs in the effect of
automation of daily activities. This can lead to unemployment issues in the society. This
is a problem with the advent of any technology and can be overcome with education.
With daily activities getting automated, naturally, there will be fewer requirements of
human resources, primarily, workers and less educated staff. This may create
Unemployment issue in the society.
- Technology Takes Control of Life
Our lives will be increasingly controlled by technology and will be dependent on it. The
younger generation is already addicted to technology for every little thing. We have to
decide how much of our daily lives are we willing to mechanize and be controlled by
technology.
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c. Conclusion
Although IoT has quite a few disadvantages, its advantages of saving the consumer time
and money can’t be ignored. So, the time isn’t far when the Internet of Things will be
commonly seen in both households and companies. Efforts will have to be made to find
ways to combat its disadvantages.
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5.1 IoT development
The actual components making up most IoT devices include tags, sensors,
embedded computers, and actuators integrated into objects. While some IoT objects are
“vertical-specific” (like a speciality valve for an industrial device), others (like a grid-
controlled smart bulb) can find use in many areas.
Some, like tags or iBeacons, will be of the “deploy and forget” type. Others will
be constantly reporting data that is monitored and controlled via a web interface by the
owner or provided by companies that implement IoT-as-a-service for customers, like
Thingspeak. (Chima, 2021)
The main driving forces behind IoT, and therefore shaping its future, are
commoditisation and interoperability, which in turn depend on:
• The development of embedded devices (low-power, reduced cost
computers, most frequently based on the ARM architecture).
• Improved communications protocols (GSM, WiFi, Bluetooth variants and
more specialized Zigbee, 6LowPAN, Sigfox and so on.)
• Software platforms like Thingworx, ioBridge, Sense and others.
Influential companies like Amazon, Google, Apple, IBM, and Microsoft are also playing a
part as drivers of IoT.
5.2 Summary
IoT is one of the most exciting developments in recent times. It will impact all our
lives and revolutionize the way we interact with the world.
If we assume hardware refinements and communication protocols will continue
to improve, it will fall on the quality of the software applications we create to define the
success of IoT devices, particularly how serious the malicious control of objects, access
to data or unauthorized surveillance will become. Already, IoT hacking is growing
because manufacturers are selling cheap connected devices into the market without
careful cybersecurity considerations, while consumers are equally keen to bring
connected devices into their homes and lives. This makes the potential for crime very
high, and the need for quality software critical. (Chima, 2021)
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[P2 & P3] Review and investigate standard architecture, frameworks,
tools, hardware, and APIs available for use in IoT development.
1. IoT Architecture
1.1 What is IoT architecture?
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consists of the Things, which are objects connected to the Internet which by means of
their embedded sensors and actuators are able to sense the environment around them
and gather information that is then passed on to IoT gateways. The next stage consists
of IoT data acquisition systems and gateways that collect the great mass of unprocessed
data, convert it into digital streams, filter and pre-process it so that it is ready for
analysis. The third layer is represented by edge devices responsible for further
processing and enhanced analysis of data. This layer is also where visualisation and
machine learning technologies may step in. After that, the data is transferred to data
centres which can be either cloud-based or installed locally. This is where the data is
stored, managed and analysed in depth for actionable insights. (Avsystem, 2021) These
are the four layers of IoT architecture described in detail:
a. Sensor
- These form the front end of the IoT devices. These are the so-called “Things” of
the system. Their main purpose is to collect data from its surroundings (sensors) or give
out data to its surrounding (actuators).
- These have to be uniquely identifiable devices with a unique IP address so that
they can be easily identifiable over a large network.
- These must be active in nature which means that they should be able to collect
real-time data. - - These can either work on their own (autonomous in nature) or
can be made to work by the user depending on their needs (user-controlled).
- Examples of sensors are gas sensor, water quality sensor, moisture sensor, etc.
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Figure 13: Things, sensors, and controllers
b. Gateways
- Gateways are responsible for routing the processed data and send it to proper
locations for its (data) proper utilization.
- In other words, we can say that gateway helps in to and fro communication of
the data. It provides network connectivity to the data. Network connectivity is essential
for any IoT system to communicate.
- LAN, WAN, PAN are examples of network gateways.
c. Processors
- Processors are the brain of the IoT system. Their main function is to process the
data captured by the sensors and process them so as to extract the valuable data from
the enormous amount of raw data collected. In a word, we can say that it gives
intelligence to the data.
- Processors mostly work on real-time basis and can be easily controlled by
applications. These are also responsible for securing the data – that is performing
encryption and decryption of data.
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- Embedded hardware devices, microcontroller, etc are the ones that process the
data because they have processors attached to it.
d. Applications
- Applications form another end of an IoT system. Applications are essential for
proper utilization of all the data collected.
- These cloud-based applications which are responsible for rendering the effective
meaning to the data collected. Applications are controlled by users and are a delivery
point of particular services.
- Examples of applications are home automation apps, security systems, industrial
control hub, etc.
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1.3 Example Internet of Things architecture
Healthcare is among the major industries that have been leaders and forerunners
in the adoption of the Internet of Things technologies. The reason for this is that IoT
systems help to leverage high quality care for patients and combine it with long run but
massive savings.
Within healthcare, the key IoT applications include, but are not limited to, enhancement
of patient and personnel safety and security, reduction of unnecessary healthcare costs,
and the provision of suitable support at the right time by employing IoT-empowered
smart medical and emergency systems. In view of the huge population challenges
ahead, one of the greatest concerns in healthcare is elderly care and monitoring of
illnesses like diabetes and heart-related diseases. Thus, prevention plays a key role in
providing better health for elderly patients. Therefore, it is no wonder that the Internet
of Things is gaining ground especially in health monitoring, where reliability, security and
real-time precise control are a must.
The example automatic monitoring system for elderly patients requires data
collection and real-time analysis, network connectivity for access to the infrastructure
services, and an application to support user interface and display. Therefore, its
architecture must include body sensors to collect patient data, gateways to filter and
forward the data, microcontrollers or microprocessors to analyse and wirelessly send
the data to the cloud as well as a communication tool to transfer the data to a remote
location like emergency service or healthcare provider for monitoring and tracking
purposes.
The IoT architecture for the system consists of three stages: physical,
communication, and application. The first layer features a multiple-sensor network that
evaluates the patient’s vital readings such as nutrition, medical intakes, and physical
activities. Also included in the physical layer is another monitoring network that consists
of in-house sensors and actuators to maintain air quality, temperature, and to analyze
and determine any hazardous conditions for the patient. The second layer includes OT
devices that collect the information gathered by the sensors, translate it into meaningful
data streams and transfer them to a back-end destination. The third layer is where data
is received, stored, and processed using cloud-based data analysis engines and machine
learning mechanisms. The resulting insights can be used to recommend the proper
healthcare service for each specific situation or applied in further research or
management purposes.
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Smart Healthcare application using IoT
1.4 Conclusion
As stated previously, IoT architecture may vary from solution to solution, but its
core consists of the four building blocks that are key in providing the fundamental
features that make a sustainable IoT ecosystem: functionality, scalability, availability,
maintainability, and cost-effectiveness. What is important here is not to let oneself be
overwhelmed by the perceived complexity of the Internet of Things architecture and not
to lose sight of the possibilities for implementing attractive and future proof IoT
projects. It is worth noting that a growing focus on the development of a robust IoT
architecture observed among many major business players from various industry sectors
has led them to success in squeezing more business value from their data to give them a
competitive edge and help to outperform their competitors. While it is true that there
are still tons of work to be done in terms of overcoming IoT technology fragmentation,
upon looking back, it is quite evident that much effort has been done to date to
integrate the vast range of technologies and standards embraced by IoT (examples:
LwM2M, oneM2M) and there is hope for a more unified and standardized future.
However, before this becomes reality, the key to making the promise of IoT happen
doesn’t necessarily lie in obtaining a single rule-them-all IoT technology, but rather
putting all the technologies in line so that they are efficient in the collection,
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management, analysis, and exploitation of the data by building a strong, future-proof,
scalable and secure IoT architecture.
2. IoT Frameworks
2.1 Overview of IoT Framework
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2.3 List of IoT Framework
a. DeviceHive IoT
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b. ThingSpeak
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c. Mainflux
Mainflux is an open-source and patent-free IoT platform that has a rich number of
advantageous tools for data collection and management, core analytics, and event
scheduling. No matter the industry, Mainflux provides:
• connectivity of things and users via HTTP, MQTT, WebSocket, CoAP
protocols.
• device management and provisioning.
• container-based deployment by Docker.
• container orchestration by Kubernetes.
• enhanced data security with customizable API keys and scoped JWT;
• low OPEX (operating expense) benefits.
• Both protocol and device agnostic.
This platform is written in Golang and can be deployed as an on-premises, hybrid or
cloud-based model. Prices may vary, starting from absolutely free-of-charge installation
modes and support plans to fully managed business and custom variants.
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f. OpenRemote
2.4 Conclusion
IoT is a key part of a large IoT ecosystem. IoT promotes and links all elements in the
scheme. We have seen different IoT Platforms which are helpful for You can choose
given IoT Platforms as your requirements. It will absolutely help you. (Educba, 2021)
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3. IoT Tools
3.1 Introduction to IoT Tools
The Internet has always been an open space for technologies to grow in and
develop. With the arrival of IoT, things are no different: over the last decade, the
Internet of Things has seen the rise of an awful lot of open-source IoT tools.
Of course, the deal is of a twofold kind. While the Internet of Things becomes
home to heterogeneous and innovative solutions, it is simultaneously driven by their
development and benefits greatly from the fact that a big part of them are open-source.
This means that they are not exclusive and proprietary, but widely available and free to
use for everyone, including those who wish to enter modifications to their source code
to adjust their specifications to individual use cases and hone them in on specific
business needs.
It is no secret that smart technology continues to grow at an enormous pace
largely thanks to advancements in information technology, microelectronics, and
telecommunications, but this great shift towards a smarter future would not be possible
without the voluntary engagement of developers, providers and insiders who
conceptualize, finance, make things happen, and distribute open-source IoT tools to the
needful.
Just as the core of the Internet encompasses open-source hardware, software
and protocols, the Internet of Things is being driven from its very start by the diversity,
openness, and independence of its solutions in any of the numerous technical fields it
includes, such as development tools, hardware, operating systems, platforms and
integration tools, middleware, protocols, and software.
Here’s a quick run-down of some great open-source frameworks that are free to use and
reuse.
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Envisioned as an IoT tool, Node-RED is a programming platform for intuitive and
straightforward integration between various APIs, smart devices, and online services. To
put it in other words, NodeRED is a flow-based development engine that groups
together various visual flows using simple and intuitive editing services accessible from a
web browser. Used to create JavaScript functions, it stores the created flows in the
open-standard and widely used JSON file format which makes it possible to easily re-use
or share them freely a commercial solution sold under the name BeagleBone
f. RIOT
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g. DeviceHub
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long and includes, among others, air conditioners, LED bulbs, Nest thermostats, Google
Chromecast, IoT-enabled locks and many, many more.
i. Anjay
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k. Key takeaways
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4. IoT Hardware
4.1 Introduction to IoT Hardware
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a. Sensors in IoT
b. Microcontrollers
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remains an integral part of IoT application. Other network distribution devices like
switches, hubs, and routers act as a key connector in IoT application.
4.3 Conclusion
In this article, we have looked at different building blocks of IoT devices. The
hardware component is the most important part of the IoT application that enables
things to communicate with the Internet. We have further looked at a few of the IoT
hardware providers in today’s market and evaluated them individually.
5. IoT APIs
5.1 What is an IoT API?
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“APIs are the market enabler, and ‘internet of things’ devices would be useless without
them. By exposing data that enables multiple devices to be connected, APIs provide an
interface between the internet and the things to reveal previously unseen possibilities,”
said Chris O’Connor, IBM’s GM for IoT, in a blog entry. “In the year to come, the power
and importance of APIs will be at the forefront of the conversation around enabling—
and more important—monetizing the ‘internet of things.'”
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c. Withings API
Withings is a company focusing on the development of connected measuring
devices, such as scales and blood pressure monitors, that can send health information
directly to the internet. Withings Body metrics Services API (WBS API)Track this API is a
set of webservices allowing developers and third parties limited access to users' data
about activity, heart ECG (or EKG) sleep cylces, and more.
(Culbertson, 2021)
f. Apple HomeKit
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Apple's HomeKit provides a platform for devices, apps, and services to
communicate. Utilizing Siri, iPhone users can control supported devices in their home.
Lights, thermostats, garage doors, etc. could all be controlled by voice. Apple HomeKit
API is accessible via the Apple iOS8 SDK. (Culbertson, 2021)
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[P4] Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT
1. Scenario
Nowadays, society is developing day by day, so people are getting busier. The
convenience of the house is an essential need. Sometimes, people forget to turn off
electrical appliances when leaving the house and close the door when it rains.
Therefore, Smart home will be a solution to deal with these problems.
2. Solution
In our smart home project, the functions to solve the above problems include:
An automatic door with a rainy sensor will be placed at the house’s main
entrance. When it rains, the sensor will sense rainwater, and the system will scan
whether the door is closed. If the door is open, the system will automatically close the
door. If the door is closed, the system will return when the rain has stopped. Besides the
automatic system, you can also control the door with a physical button.
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With our products, your beloved home will be protected from unexpected rains
and more especially storms.
With the devices used in our smart home project, we hope that your home will
be protected from the effects of nature, and you will feel comfortable when you live in
your house. Moreover, we hope that the devices will help save time and a lot of
electricity costs.
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[M1] Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools,
hardware, and APIs in the software development lifecycle.
Given its success rate, software has long been associated with a condition of
crisis. The proliferation of Internet-connected gadgets, sometimes known as the Internet
of Things, adds to the complexity of software systems. The properties of these systems,
such as their immense size and variety, provide ever-increasing new problems. In this
article, we will first provide a quick overview of the IoT paradigm and the present level
of software development. Then, we go into the specifics of building software for IoT
systems and systems of systems, with an overview of the existing approaches and tools
for designing, developing, and testing such systems.
The entire lifetime of software systems has become far more complicated than in
the past. They entail hybrid development teams, complicated code, and continuous data
collecting.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought about a slew of unexpected yet fantastic
developments in our daily lives. The Internet of Things has resulted in a significant shift
in the way people connect.
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SDLC for IoT Product
It is obvious that IoT devices need extensive expertise of coding, editing, and
data management. Web developers will now need to broaden their knowledge, which
implies that IoT entry-level development employment will need to be matched with
rising web technologies.
• Predictive assistance
At a time when user experience is critical for any organization, IoT enables the
creation of intelligent and dynamic user interfaces.
• Security
• Architecture of software
• Testing
• Load distribution
It is feasible to create software systems that can manage massive loads with the
help of IoT technologies.
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[M2] Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools,
hardware, and APIs in IoT security.
1. IoT security issue and challenge
The following are a few of the IoT security issues that continue to jeopardize the
financial security of both individuals and enterprises:
To secure assets, IoT security, like cloud security, must account for a high number
of entry points.
Lack of foresight isn't the only challenge that newly digital sectors face when it
comes to IoT security. Another important issue with IoT security is the limited resources
of many of these devices.
Not all IoT devices have the processing power to run complex firewalls or
antivirus software. Some gadgets can hardly connect to other devices. Bluetooth-
enabled IoT devices, for example, have recently been subjected to a surge of data
breaches. Once again, the automobile industry has been one of the hardest hit markets.
2. Several example
a. MindSphere by Siemens
MindSphere is the Siemens IoT platform that has been designated as the premier
"industrial IoT as a service" solution. It has been employed in the realm of smart
manufacturing for proactive maintenance and anomaly detection, for example.
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worldwide industry standards for selecting the appropriate password based on the
needed strength. MindSphere APIs provide the fine-grained authorization mechanism,
which validates approved calls based on the context of the application and the user
permissions. Transport Layer Security (TLS) v. 1.2 is used to secure all communication
from the client to MindSphere via public endpoints, and Reliable x509 certificates from
the Siemens Trust Center are used, which is trusted by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the Certification Authority Browser
Forum. To provide safe, cost-effective, and simple device communication, the
MindSphere platform employs so-called MindConnect devices, which have a unique
identification number.
b. Watson by IBM
• Watson's security
The platform has been certified in accordance with the ISO 27001 standard. To
establish a trustworthy connection to the authentic platform service, IoT information is
encrypted using the HTTPS communication protocol for both browser-based GUI and
REST APIs with a certificate certified by DigiCert. Furthermore, access to the web-based
GUI is verified by a one-of-a-kind IBM identification code. To provide a high degree of
security, device and application credentials are protected by an authentication token
that is salted and hashed. By default, each device is linked to the platform using TLS
v.1.2 security, which ensures that devices may only connect via a secure, encrypted
channel. To prevent devices from impersonating other devices, once authenticated,
devices are only permitted to publish and subscribe to a limited topic space, and the
authentication credentials supplied by the client determine which device the subject
space is scoped by the platform service.
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[M3] Discuss and give out the reason for your IoT platform chosen
Arduino
1.1. Discussion
Arduino is a free and open-source electronics platform with simple hardware and
software. Arduino boards can read inputs such as a light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter tweet and convert them into outputs such as operating a motor,
turning on an LED, or posting anything online. You may direct your board by delivering a
series of instructions to the board's
microcontroller. You utilize the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and
the Arduino Software (IDE) (based on Processing) to do this.
Over the years, Arduino has served as the brain of hundreds of projects, ranging from
simple household products to complicated scientific equipment. A global community of
makers - students, amateurs, artists, programmers, and professionals - has collected
around this open-source platform, and their contributions have built up to an
astounding quantity of accessible information that may be of tremendous benefit to
both novices and specialists.
Arduino was created at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as a simple tool for rapid
prototyping intended for students with no prior experience with electronics or
programming. As the Arduino board gained popularity, it began to evolve to meet new
demands and problems, transitioning from basic 8-bit boards to solutions for IoT
applications, wearables, 3D printing, and embedded settings.
Arduino has been utilized in millions of different projects and applications because to its
easy and accessible user experience. The Arduino software is simple enough for novices
to use while yet being versatile enough for expert users. It is compatible with Mac,
Windows, and Linux. It is used by teachers and students to create low-cost scientific
equipment, to demonstrate chemistry and physics principles, and to get started with
programming and robotics. Designers and architects use it to create interactive
prototypes, while musicians and artists use it to create installations and experiment with
new musical instruments. Arduino is a valuable tool for learning new things.
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Stamp, Net media’s BX-24, Phidgets, MIT's Handyboard, and many more programs. All
these tools take the tangled nuances of microcontroller programming and package them
in a user-friendly format. Although alternative systems simplify working with
microcontrollers, Arduino has several advantages for instructors, students, and curious
amateurs:
• Inexpensive
• Cross-platform
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Internet Arduino does not have The Raspberry Pi includes
internet connectivity. To an Ethernet connector as
connect it to the internet, well as Wi-Fi capability.
you'll need extra modules
or shields.
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[M4] Apply your selected techniques to create an IoT application
development plan.
1. IoT application n development plan
1.1. Planning
Implementation This role will have to calculate Material and tools must
partner the budget, tool, and plan. They be ensured during the
must work with developer to developing process. In the
design the machine shape and end of this process a
logical function for durability complete product must be
while operation ready for tester
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Project This role will ensure the team Ensure the operation,
manager operate smoothly. In each send report, and recorded
process, they must urge the to the next role whenever
operation and fix the team a role is finish with their
operation. jobs
1.2. Budget
Arduino
10.68$
Ultrasonic
1$
Distance
Sensor
Rainwater
sensor
1$
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LCD
3$
Button
0.2$
Led
1$
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Wire
1$
Breadboard 1$
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1.3. Project timeline
(Arduino)
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1.4 Risk management
Technology High
Interfaces Medium
Technical
Performance High
Quality High
Customer Medium
Contract Medium
External Market High
Supplier Low
Logistics Medium
Organizational Resources Medium
Budget High
Planning Medium
Schedule Medium
Project management Estimation High
Controlling Medium
Communication Low
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