wkÿv DcKiY

D”Pgva¨wgK RxeweÁvb
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe

RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY
-Conducted by-
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR
Contact : 01716528099
 Page 1

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (†jKPvi UwcK)-fvBivm

†jKPvi bs †jKPvi UwcK

▪ AYyRxe
▪ AYyRxewe`¨v ev gvB‡µvev‡qvjwR
▪ AYyRxemg~n
▪ fvBivm Gi aviYv
▪ fvB‡ivjwR
†jKPvi-1 ▪ fvBivm Gi Avwe¯‹vi I M‡elYv
▪ fvBivm Gi Avevm I AvqZb
▪ fvBivm Gi ˆewkó¨
▪ fvBivm Gi cÖK…wZ we‡kølY ev fvBiv‡mi RxeZvwË¡K Ae¯’vb
▪ fvBivm Gi Rxexq I ARxexq ˆewkó¨
▪ fvBivm Gi cÖKvi‡f` ev †kÖwYweb¨vm
▪ fvBivm Gi MVb
▪ wfwiqb (Virion)
▪ mvefvBivj mË¡v
▪ wcÖqbm (Pirions)
▪ wbDwK¬IK¨vcwmW
▪ wfi‡qW (Viroids)
†jKPvi-2
▪ m¨v‡UjvBU (Satellite)
▪ m¨v‡UjvBU fvBivm
▪ BgvwR©s fvBivm
▪ TMV fvBivm Gi MVb
▪ K‡ivbv fvBivm
▪ G‡ÛwgK, Gwc‡WwgK,c¨vb‡WwgK †ivM
▪ dvR I e¨vK‡UwiIdvh
▪ T2 e¨vK‡UwiIdvh
▪ T2 e¨vK‡UwiIdvh Gi MVb
▪ fvBivm Gi msL¨ve„w×
†jKPvi-3
▪ jvBwUK Pµ
▪ jvB‡mv‡RwbK Pµ
▪ fvBivm Gi ciRxweZv
▪ fvBivm Gi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡
▪ fvBivmRwbZ †ivM : KviY, jÿY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva
▪ fvBivj †ncvUvBwUm : KviY, jÿY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva
▪ †W½yR¦i : KviY, jÿY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva
†jKPvi-4 ▪ †cu‡ci wis ¯úU : KviY, jÿY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva
▪ Dw™¢`‡`‡n fvBivmRwbZ †ivMmg~n
▪ cÖvYx‡`‡n fvBivmRwbZ †ivMmg~n
▪ fvBivm †ivM wbqš¿Y
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
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wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (fvBivm)

▪ fvBivm (Virus): †cÖvwUb I wbDwK¬K GwmW Øviv MwVZ †h mKj A‡Kvlxq, AwZ-AvbyexÿwYK, msµvgK mË¡v
Rxe‡`‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i mwµq n‡q †ivMm„wó I eske„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Rxe‡`‡ni evB‡i wbw¯Œq Ae¯’vq weivR K‡i,
Zv‡`i‡K fvBivm e‡j|

fvBiv‡mi mswÿß BwZnvm (Brief History of Virus)

µg mgqKvj weÁvbxi bvg Avwe®‹vi

1. 1796 GWIqvW© †Rbvi cÖ_g fvBivmNwUZ emšÍ †iv‡Mi K_v D‡jøL K‡ib|
ZvgvK Mv‡Qi cvZvq †Qvc †Qvc `vMwewkó †ivM‡K †Uvev‡Kv
2. 1886 GWjd gvqvi
†gvRvBK †ivM wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡ib|
†ivMvµvšÍ ZvgvK cvZvi i‡m Ômsµgb‡hvM¨ ZijÕ Gi K_v D‡jøL
3. 1892 w`wgwÎ AvBfv‡bvfw¯‹
K‡ib|
4. 1898 gvwU©bvm weRvwi¼ msµgb‡hvM¨ Zij‡K fvBivm wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`b|

5. 1901 Iqvëvi wiW gvbe‡`‡n cxZR¦i m„wóKvix fvBivm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

6. 1931 Av‡b©÷ iv¯‹v I g¨v· bj AbyexÿYh‡š¿ cÖ_g fvBiv‡mi wPÎ MÖnY K‡ib|

7. 1935 I‡qb‡Wj ÷¨vbwj †ivMvµvšÍ Zvgv‡Ki cvZv ‡_‡K TMV †KjvwmZ K‡ib|

8. 1937 Gd.wm e¨v‡Wb I wcwi TMV wbDwK¬K GwmW I †cÖvwUb w`‡q MwVZ GwU e‡jb|

9. 1941 evb©vj I dv¼z‡Pb †KjvwmZ fvBiv‡m G·-†i AceZ©b wPÎ MÖnb K‡ib|
bxjvf meyR ˆkevj ev mvqv‡bve¨vK‡Uwiqv asmKvix mvqv‡bvdvR
10. 1951 Avi.Gm †kdvig¨vb I gwim
Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
11. 1952 G.Gg †jvd fvBiv‡mi cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,ÒfvBivm fvBivmBÓ|

12. 1955 †ivRwjÛ d«v¼wjb fvBiv‡mi c~bv©½ MVb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

13. 1963 ev‡ivP eøygevM© †ncvUvBwUm-we fvBivm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

14. 1965 nvIqvW© †Uwgb †i‡UªvfvBivm Avwe®‹vi I eb©bv K‡ib|

15. 1982 cÖæmbvi fvBivm Gi ÿz`Z

ª g KYv wcÖqbm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

16. 1984 ievU© M¨v‡jv I gb‡U‡Mvwbqvi gvby‡li gviYe¨vwa GBWm †iv‡Mi fvBivm HIV Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

17. 1989 nvi‡f †R Aëvi †ncvUvBwUm-wm fvBivm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
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wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (fvBivm)

▪ fvBiv‡mi cÖK…wZ (Nature of Virus) : fvBiv‡mi Rxexq I ARxexq ev Ro Dfq ai‡bi ˆewkó¨ we`¨gvb _vKvq
weÁvbxiv RxeRM‡Z fvBiv‡mi cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ gZ cÖKvk K‡ib|
▪ G.Gg. †jvd (A.M. Lwoff), 1952- fvBivm RxeI bq, Roe¯‘I bq; fvBivm fvBivmB|
▪ Stanley I Valens, 1962 - fvBivm Roe¯‘i b¨vq, wKš‘ mRxe †Kv‡l AvµgY Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡Z cÖv‡Yi
mÂvi N‡U|
▪ m¨v‡j (Salle), 1974 - fvBivm ivmvqwbK AYy I mRxe †Kv‡li ga¨eZx© ch©v‡qi GKcÖKvi e¯‘|
▪ AYyRxewe`M‡Yi g‡Z : AYyRxewe`MY fvBiv‡mi Rxexq ˆewkó¨mg~n‡K cÖvavb¨ †`b|
▪ cÖvY-imvqbwe`M‡Yi g‡Z : cÖvY-imvqbwe`MY fvBiv‡mi Ro ev ARxexq ˆewkó¨mg~n‡K cÖvavb¨ †`b|
▪ gšÍe¨: fvBivm‡K Rxe I Ro Gi †mZzeÜbKvix (Bridge between living and non-living) ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

µg wUcm fvBiv‡mi Ro-ivmvqwbK ev ARxexq ˆewkó¨mg~n

1. A‡Kvlxq fvBivm A‡Kvlxq I AwZ-AvYyexÿwYK AYyRxe| mvB‡UvcøvRg, †KvlwSwjø, †Kvl A½vby †bB|
2. wecvKxq G‡`i wbR¯^ †Kvb wecvKxq GbRvBg †bB Ges Lv`¨MÖnY K‡i bv d‡j cywó wµqvI †bB|
3. msL¨v Rxe‡Kv‡li mvnvh¨ Qvov fvBivm ¯^vaxbfv‡e msL¨ve„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
4. †K fvBivm‡K †KjvwmZ Kiv, †m‡›UªvwdDR Kiv ,e¨vcb Kiv I mvm‡cbmb ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
5. A¨vw›U A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK G‡`i †`‡n †Kvbiƒc cÖwZwµqv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
6. ÿv‡i fvBivm GwmW, ÿvi I jeY cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z mÿg|
7. ivm Rxe‡Kv‡li evB‡i fvBivm ivmvqwbK KYvi g‡Zv wbw¯Œq|
8. e„w× fvBiv‡mi ˆ`wnK e„w×, k^mb, †iPb N‡U bv|
9. DÏx fvBivm cwi‡ekxq DÏxcbvq mvov cÖ`vb K‡i bv|
10 cbv ivmvqwbKfv‡e fvBivm †cÖvwUb I wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi mgvnvi gvÎ|
▪ SUPER TIPS A‡Kvlxq wecvKxq msL¨v †K A¨vw›U ÿv‡i ivm e„w× DÏxcbv `vI

µg wUcm fvBiv‡mi Rxexq ˆewkó¨mg~n

1. Abyiƒc
GKwU fvBivm gvZ… fvBiv‡mi Abyiƒc fvBivm m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2. msL¨v†cvlK †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i fvBivm msL¨ve„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. †R‡b G‡`i wRbMZ cybwe©b¨vm ev †R‡bwUK wiKw¤^‡bkb NU‡Z †`Lv hvq|
4. DR fvBivm DNA ev RNA I †cÖvwUb w`‡q MwVZ|
5. cÖwg fvBivm cwie¨w³ ev wgD‡Ukb I cÖKiY m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg|
6. eva¨ fvBivm mywbw`©ófv‡e eva¨Zvg~jK ciRxex|
7. Awfi G‡`i Awf‡hvRb ÿgZv i‡q‡Q|
8. eskMZ fvBivm wbw`©ó eskaviv eRvq ivL‡Z mÿg|
9. †iv‡Mi fvBivm Dw™¢`, cÖvYx I gvbe‡`‡n †ivM msµgY NUv‡Z mÿg|
10 aib G‡`i mywbw`©ó RvZ ev aib (Races or Strains) i‡q‡Q|
▪ SUPER TIPS Abyiƒc msL¨v †R‡b DR cÖwg eva¨ Awfi eskMZ †iv‡Mi aib wbb©q Kij|
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 4

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (fvBivm)
fvBiv‡mi cÖKvi‡f` (Type of Virus)
cÖKvi‡f‡`i welq cÖKvi‡f` D`vniY
▪ Avjdv-Avjdv †gvRvBK fvBivm, TMV, gv¤úm fvBivm
1. `ÛvKvi
▪ TIPS-ATM
▪ †cvwjI fvBivm, d¬vwffvBivm, †W½y fvBivm, U‡g‡Uvi
2. †MvjvKvi eywk÷¨v›U fvBivm, HIV, TIV(Tipula Iridiscent Virus),
BZ¨vw`| TIPS-cwji †d«Û Wv½vq e‡m û°v Uv‡b
3. Nb‡ÿÎvKvi ev
▪ nvwc©m fvBivm, f¨vKwmwbqv fvBivm, GwW‡bvfvBivm
AvK…wZ Abyhvqx eûf‚RvKvi
4. m~ÎvKvi ▪ gU‡ii w÷ªK fvBivm
5. e¨vOvwP AvKvi ▪ T2, T4, T6
6. wW¤^vKvi ▪ Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm
7. wmwjwÛªK¨vj ▪ B‡evjv fvBivm
▪ SUPER TIPS ▪ `Û ¸‡jvi eû m~‡Î wQj e¨v‡Oi wWg
1. DNA fvBivm ev ▪ Kwjdvh (GKm~ÎK), f¨vKwmwbqv fvBivm, f¨vwiIjv fvBivm,
wWAw·ivB‡evfvBiv A¨vwW‡bvnvwc©m fvBivm, TIV, T2 fvBivm
▪ TMV (GKm~ÎK),wiIfvBivm (wØm~ÎK), HIV, ‡W½y fvBivm,
wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi
2. RNA fvBivm ev †cvwjI fvBivm, gv¤úm fvBivm, d¬vwffvBivm, i¨vwem
aib Abyhvqx
ivB‡evfvBiv fvBivm, wgRjm fvBivm, Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm, cxZR¦‡ii
fvBivm, iæweIjv fvBivm, b‡fj K‡ivbv fvBivm BZ¨vw`|
3. wi‡UªvfvBivm ▪ HIV, A¨vwWqvb wjD‡Kvwgqv fvBivm
1. Dw™¢` fvBivm ev ▪ TMV, BYV, PMV, CaMV
dvB‡Uvdvwhwb ▪ SUPER TIPS- ZvgvK †Q‡o, wkg, Avjy, dzjKwc LvI
▪ HIV, †cvwjI fvBivm, emšÍ fvBivm, Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm,
2. cÖvYx fvBivm ev RyIdvwhwb f¨vKwmwbqv fvBivm, f¨vwiIjv fvBivm, b‡fj K‡ivbv fvBivm
†ivM Drcv`‡bi
cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx BZ¨vw`|
▪ Kwjdvh-E. coli, e¨vK‡UwiIdvh (T2, T4, T6), mvqv‡bvdvh
3. dvh fvBivm ev dvwhwb [LPP1, LPP2 (Lyngbya, Plectonema, Phormidium), SM-1,
N-1], gvB‡Kvdvh, dvB‡Kvdvh, RvB‡gvdvh, A¨vKwU‡bvdvh
BZ¨vw`|
ewn¯’ AveiY 1. ewn¯’ AveiYnxb fvBivm ▪ TMV, T2 TIPS-T2
Abyhvqx 2. ewn¯’ AveiYx hy³ fvBivm ▪ HIV, Bbd¬z‡qÄv, nvwc©m,K‡ivbv fvBivm TIPS: HIV-C
Rb‡bi cÖK…wZ 1. jvBwUK fvBivm ▪ T2, T4, T6
Abyhvqx 2. jvB‡mv‡RwbK fvBivm ▪ j¨vgWv dvh
1. Dw™¢` fvBivm ▪ TMV, BYV, CaMV, PMV
▪ HIV, †cvwjI fvBivm, emšÍ fvBivm, Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm,
†cvlK‡`n 2. cÖvYx fvBivm
f¨vKwmwbqv fvBivm, f¨vwiIjv fvBivm, b‡fj K‡ivbv fvBivm
Abyhvqx
3. e¨vK‡UwiIdvh ▪ e¨vK‡UwiIdvh (T2, T4, T6),
4. mvqv‡bvdvh ▪ LPP1,LPP2 (Lyngbya,Plectonema,Phormidium),SM-1,N-1
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 5

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (fvBivm)
cÖavb Ask fvBiv‡mi MVb (Stucture of Virus)
1. wbDwK¬I‡qW (fvBivm wR‡bvg ev †R‡bwUK e¯‘) 2. DNA ev RNA Øviv MwVZ 3. DNA fvBivm
†K›`ªxq e¯‘ I RNA fvBivm 4. Dw™¢` fvBivm I cÖvYx fvBivm 5. e¨wZµgmg~n ; Dw™¢` fvBivm- CaMV
(Central
(DNA), cÖvYx fvBivm- †cvwjI fvBivm, b‡fj K‡ivbv fvBivm, Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm, i¨vwem
Material)
fvBivm, HIV Ges wi‡UªvfvBivm (DNA I RNA) - SUPER TIPS : CRIPH / PRICH
1. †cÖvwUb Aby 2. K¨vc‡mvwgqvi 3. A¨vw›U‡Rb ¸bvejx 4. ¯úvBK 5. Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb; wjwcW I
K¨vcwmW
†k^Zmvihy³ K. Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm- †¯œn I †k^Zmvihy³ L. f¨vKwmwbqv fvBivm- ‡¯œn, kK©iv,
(Capsid)
wfUvwgb, ivB‡evd¬vwfb, ev‡qvwUbhy³|
1. wjwcW, wj‡cv‡cÖvwUb,kK©iv I †¯œnc`v‡_©i Aveib (b‡fj K‡ivbv fvBivm, Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm,
ewnt¯’ AveiY nvwc©m fvBivm, HIV.) 2. wj‡cvfvBivm-wjwcW ev wj‡cv‡cÖvwUb AveiYhy³ 3. †cc‡jvwgqvi-
(Envelope) wjwcW ev wj‡cv‡cÖvwUb Avei‡Yi GKK
▪ SUPER TIPS- Corona Is in Human Heart.or HIVC
1. e¨vK‡UwiIdvh- jvB‡mvRvBg, 2. Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm- wbDivwgwb‡WR 3. f¨vKwmwbqv fvBivm-
GbRvBg
UªvÝwµ‡ÞR 4. wi‡UªvfvBivm- wifvm© UªvÝwµ‡ÞR 5. Ab¨vb¨ GbRvBg- DNA cwjgv‡iR, RNA
(Enzyme)
cwjgv‡iR BZ¨vw`|
†h mKj msµvgK mË¡vmg~n fvBivm †_‡K AvKv‡i †QvU wKš‘ fvBiv‡mi †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv ˆewkó¨
mvefvBivj mˡv
enb K‡i, Zv‡`i‡K mvefvBivj mË¡v (Subviral Agents) e‡j|
fvBivj mË¡vmg~n Av‡jvwPZ wk‡ivbvgmg~n
fvBivm ▪ †cÖvwUb I wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi mgš^‡q MwVZ, msµgYÿg ev msµgYÿgZvnxb mË¡v|
wfwiqb ▪ †cÖvwUb I wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi mgš^‡q MwVZ, msµgYÿg mË¡v|
(Virion) ▪ 2000-2130 wU K¨vc‡mvwgqvi wb‡q MwVZ|
wbDwK¬IK¨vcwmW ▪ †cÖvwUb I wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi mgš^‡q MwVZ msµgYÿgZvnxb mË¡v|
▪ wbDwK¬K GwmWwenxb fvBiv‡mi ïb¨ †cÖwUb AveiY Øviv MwVZ, msµgYÿg mË¡v|
▪ Prions; Pr-Proteinaceous, i-infections, on-particle
wcÖqbm ▪ Avwe®‹vi- ÷¨vbwj cÖæwmbvi (1982 mvj), †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi jvf (1997 mvj)|
(Prions) ▪ gvbe‡`‡n- †K›`ªxq ¯œvqyZ‡š¿i Kziæ‡ivM (Kuru) Ges Creutzfeldt bvgK ‡ivM m„wó K‡i|
▪ Miæi‡`‡n- g¨vW KvD (Mad Cow) bvgK ‡ivM m„wó K‡i|
▪ †fov I QvM‡ji †`‡n ¯Œvwc (Scrapie) bvgK ‡ivM m„wó K‡i|
▪ RNA LÛK wb‡q MwVZ msµgYÿgZv m¤úbœ mË¡v|
▪ Avwe®‹vi-WvBbvi I ivBbvi (Theodore Diener & W.S. Rayner), 1967 mvj|
▪ GwU GKm~ÎK RNA AYy Ges K‡qKkZ wbDwK¬IUvBW wb‡q MwVZ| fvBivm n‡Z A‡bK ÿz`ª|
wfi‡qW ïaygvÎ Dw™¢`‡`‡n cvIqv hvq| Giv Dw™¢`‡`‡n wewfbœ †ivM m„wó K‡i|
(Viroids) ▪ †MvjAvjyi- w¯úÛj wUDevi bvgK ‡ivM m„wó K‡i|
▪ bvi‡K‡ji- K¨vWvs K¨vWvs bvgK ‡ivM m„wó K‡i|
▪ A¨v‡fvKv‡Wvi- mvbweP bvgK ‡ivM m„wó K‡i|
▪ gvbe‡`‡n- †ncvUvBwUm-wW †ivM bvgK m„wó K‡i e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|
m¨v‡UjvBU ▪ wbDwK¬K GwmW Øviv MwVZ mË¡v hv †cvlK †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i Ab¨ GKwU fvBiv‡mi mnvqZvq
(Satellite) cÖwZwjwc m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg| m¨v‡UjvBU + †cÖvwUb AveiY = m¨v‡UjvBU fvBivm|
▪ Avw` †cvlK †_‡K bZzb †cvlK cÖRvwZ‡Z †ivM m„wóKvix fvBivm‡K BgvwR©s fvBivm e‡j|
BgvwR©s fvBivm
▪ HIV, Ebola Virus, Nile Virus, SARS. SUPER TIPS- HENS
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 6

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (fvBivm)
†Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK fvBivm (Tobacco Mosaic Virus-TMV)

▪ †Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK fvBivm (TMV) : ZvgvK Mv‡Q †gvRvBK †ivM m„wóKvix, `ÛvKvi AvK…wZwewkó Ges cu¨vPv‡bv
RNA wb‡q MwVZ Dw™¢` fvBivm‡K †Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK fvBivm (TMV) e‡j|
▪ Avwe®‹vi : i. ivwkqvb weÁvbx w`wgwÎ AvBfv‡bvfw¯‹ (Dimitri Ivanovsky) 1892 mv‡j ZvgvK cvZvq †gvRvBK
†iv‡Mi KviY wn‡m‡e GK ai‡bi we‡li K_v D‡jøL K‡ib|
ii. WvP AYyRxeweÁvbx gvwU©bvm weRvwi¼ (Martinus Beijerinck) 1898 mv‡j ZvgvK Mv‡Qi cvZvq †Uvev‡Kv
†gvRvBK fvBivm (TMV) Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| TMV n‡jv cÖ_g Avwe®‹…Z fvBivm|
iii. Av‡gwiKvb weÁvbx I‡qb‡Wj ÷¨vbwj (Wendell Meredith Stanley) 1935 mv‡j ZvgvK cvZvi †Uvev‡Kv
†gvRvBK fvBivm‡K †ivMvµvšÍ ZvgvK cvZv †_‡K c„_K K‡i me©cÖ_g weï× Ae¯’vq †KjvwmZ K‡ib| GB Amvgvb¨
Avwe®‹v‡ii Rb¨ 1946 mv‡j wZwb †bv‡ej cyi®‹v‡i f‚wlZ nb|

†Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK fvBivm Gi MVb

MVb Z_¨ cÖevn

▪ ˆ`N¨© ▪ †Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK fvBivm GKwU `ÛvK…wZi fvBivm| GwUi ˆ`N¨© cÖ‡¯’i cÖvq 17 ¸Y|

▪ e¨vm ▪ TMV Gi ˆ`N¨© 280-300 nm I cÖ¯’ 15-18 nm|

▪ TMVGi †K‡›`ª RNA I Pvicv‡k Protein AveiY Øviv Ave„Z _v‡K|

▪ MvVwbK Dcv`vb
▪ TMV Gi AvYweK IRb 37 wgwjqb WvjUb|
▪ TMVGi †R‡bwUK e¯‘ wn‡m‡e RNA †Kvi (Core) _v‡K, ZvB G‡`i‡K RNA
▪ RNA fvBivm ejv n‡q _v‡K|
▪ †R‡bwUK e¯‘ ▪ G‡`i GKm~ÎK RNA w¯úªs Gi b¨vq c¨vuPv‡bv Ae¯’vq †cÖvwUb AveiYxi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb
▪ RNA fvBivm K‡i| TMV Gi IRb wn‡m‡e kZKiv 5 fvM RNA.
▪ wbDwK¬IUvBW ▪ RNA Gi c¨vu‡Pi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z †PvOvK…wZi MnŸ‡ii e¨vm 20 A¨s÷ªg|
▪ AvYweK IRb ▪ G‡`i RNA m~ÎwU 6500 wU wbDwK¬IUvBW AYy wb‡q MwVZ|
▪ RNA Gi AvYweK IRb 2.4 wgwjqb WvjUb|
▪ TMV Gi IRb wn‡m‡e kZKiv 95 fvMB †cÖvwUb|
▪ TMV Gi †cªvwUb AveiY‡K K¨vcwmW e‡j|
▪ Protein
▪ TMV Gi K¨vcwmW AYy eû Dc-GKK Øviv MwVZ, cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dc-GKK‡K
▪ K¨vcwmW
K¨vc‡mvwgqvi e‡j|
▪ K¨vc‡mvwgqvi
▪ cÖ‡Z¨KwU mve-BDwb‡Ui AvYweK IRb 17000 WvjUb|
▪ AvYweK IRb
▪ TMV ‡Z cÖvq 2130-2200 wU K¨vc‡mvwgqvi _v‡K| K¨vc‡mvwgqvi AvOz‡ii †_vKvi
▪ A¨vwg‡bv GwmW
b¨vq ci¯úi mw¾Z _v‡K|
▪ cÖwZwU K¨vc‡mvwgqv‡i 158wU A¨wg‡bv GwmW _v‡K|
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 7

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (fvBivm)
▪ dvh (Phage) : †h mKj fvBivm Rxe‡`‡n Dcw¯’Z †ivM m„wóKvix AYyRxe ev e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q, Zv‡`i‡K
dvh e‡j| dvh GKwU MÖxK kã hvi A_© n‡jv Òphagein - to eat Ó ev fÿY Kiv| T2 e¨vK‡UwiIdvh ev T2 fvBivm
mev©waK cwiwPZ dvh fvBivm|
▪ e¨vK‡UwiIdvh (Bacteriophage) : †h mKj fvBivm e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †Kvlvf¨šÍ‡i msL¨ve„w× K‡i e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kvl‡K
aŸsm K‡i †`q, Zv‡`i‡K e¨vK‡UwiIdvh e‡j|
▪ Avwe®‹vi: e„wUk AYyRxeweÁvbx †d«WwiK IU© (Frederick Twort) 1915 mv‡j e¨vK‡UwiIdvh ev T2 fvBivm Avwe®‹vi
K‡ib|
▪ bvgKiY : weÁvbx `¨ †n‡iwj †dwj· (d, Herelle Felix) 1917 mv‡j e¨vK‡Uwiqv AvµgYKvix fvBivm‡K
e¨vK‡UwiIdvh ev e¨vK‡Uwiqv fvBivm ev dvh bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib|
▪ T2 e¨vK‡UwiIdvh (T2 Bacteriophage) : T2 e¨vK‡UwiIdvh GKwU e¨vOvwP ev ïµvYy AvK…wZi fvBivm| GwU GKwU
wØm~ÎK DNA fvBivm| G‡`i †`n `ywU cÖavb Ask wb‡q MwVZ| h_v : gv_v I †jR|

cÖavb Ask T2 e¨vK‡UwiIdvh ev T2 dvh Gi MVb

▪ AvK…wZ : T2 e¨vK‡UwiIdvh Gi gv_vwU ùxZ I lof‚RvK…wZi wcÖR‡gi b¨vq|
▪ gv_v (Head) ▪ cwigvc : Gi ˆ`N¨© 93-100 nm Ges cÖ¯’ 65 nm|
▪ AvK…wZ ▪ K¨vcwmW : gv_vi evB‡ii AskwU wدÍix †cÖvwUb wbwg©Z K¨vcwmW Øviv MwVZ| G‡`i †`‡n DNA
▪ cwigvc I †cÖvwUb cÖvq mgcwigv‡Y _v‡K|
▪ K¨vcwmW ▪ K¨vc‡mvwgqvi : K¨vcwmW AmsL¨ K¨vc‡mvwgqvi GKK Øviv MwVZ|
▪ K¨vc‡mvwgqvi ▪ †R‡bwUK c`v_© : gv_vi Af¨šÍ‡ii AwaKvsk duvKv Ges _‡j AvK…wZi ùxZ As‡ki wfZ‡i
▪ †R‡bwUK c`v_© †R‡bwUK c`v_© wn‡m‡e GKwU DNA AYy c¨uvPv‡bv Ae¯’vq _v‡K|
▪ DNA ▪ DNA : DNA AYywU j¤^v I AZ¨šÍ KzÛwjZ Ae¯’vq _v‡K| DNA Gi mv‡_ mvB‡Uvwmb
▪ wbDwK¬IUvBW nvB‡Wªvw·wg_vBj hy³ _v‡K| DNA AYywU wØ-m~ÎK Ges †gvU IR‡bi cÖvq 50%|
▪ wRb ▪ wbDwK¬IUvBW : T2 dv‡hi DNA AYywU 60000 †Rvov wbDwK¬IUvBW w`‡q MwVZ|
▪ wRb : G‡`i DNA AYy‡Z cÖvq 150 wU wRb _v‡K|
▪ MÖxev I Kjvi : T2 dv‡hi gv_vi wb‡P ev †j‡Ri Dcwifv‡M AwZ mswÿß As‡ki bvg MÖxev| GB
As‡k GKwU bjvKvi Mªxevbj Ges MÖxevbj‡K wN‡i my¯úó PvKwZi g‡Zv Kjvi _v‡K|
▪ †jR (Tail) ▪ cwigvc : ‡jRwUi ‰`N¨© cÖvq 95-110 nm I e¨vm cÖvq 15-25 nm|
▪ MÖxev I Kjvi ▪ ga¨bj : †j‡Ri miæ, duvcv, bjvKvi Ask‡K ga¨bj ev †Kvi (Core) e‡j|
▪ cwigvc ▪ cy”Q-AveiYx : †j‡Ri cÖavb AskwU duvcv bjvKvi As‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †Kvb DNA †bB| duvcv bjwU
▪ ga¨bj †cÖvwUb wbwg©Z AveiY Øviv Ave„Z _v‡K hv‡K cy”Q-AveiYx e‡j|
▪ cy”Q-AveiYx ▪ wfwËdjK ev ‡em‡cøU : ‡j‡Ri wb‡Pi cÖvšÍ wKQzUv miæ n‡q †h MVb m„wó K‡i Zv‡K, wfwËdjK
▪ †em‡cøU ev †em‡cøU e‡j|
▪ ¯úvBK ▪ ¯úvBK : †em‡cø‡Ui wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z KvuUvi g‡Zv KwZcq Ask‡K ¯úvBK e‡j|
▪ ¯úk©KZš‘ ▪ ¯úk©KZš‘ : wfwËdjK ev †em‡cø‡Ui Pvicv‡k 6wU ¯úk©KZš‘ _v‡K|
▪ †cÖvwUb AveiY ▪ †cÖvwUb AveiY : T2 dv‡hi †jR, Kjvi, †em‡cøU, ¯úvBK, ¯úk©KZš‘ BZ¨vw` Ask †cÖvwUb w`‡q
▪ GbRvBg MwVZ|
▪ †Kvlxq A½vYy ▪ GbRvBg : T2 dv‡hi Gi cy”Qb‡ji kx‡l© jvB‡mvRvBg GbRvBg I wKQz ATP _v‡K|
▪ †Kvlxq A½vY y: T2 dvh A‡Kvlxq, G‡`i MV‡b wbDwK¬qvm, †KvlwSwjø, mvB‡UvcøvRg, †KvlcÖvPxi
I †Kv‡bv cÖKvi †Kvlxq A½vYy †bB|

wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 8

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (fvBivm)

e¨vK‡UwiIdv‡hi ev fvBiv‡mi msL¨ve„w×

▪ wi‡mÞi mvB‡Ui wbw`©óZv
mshyw³ ev c„ôjMœxfeb
▪ †KvlcÖvPxi- wi‡mÞi mvBU ivmvqwbK wµqv
(Attacment/Landing)
▪ †em‡cøU- †KvlcÖvPxi ms¯úk©
▪ jvB‡mvRvB‡gi wµqv
DNA Aby cÖ‡ek ▪ kw³ cÖ‡qvM I wWªwjs
(Penetration) ▪ DNA Aby e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡l cÖ‡ek
▪ K¨vcwmW AveiY evB‡i cwiZ¨v³
▪ cwjgv‡iR GbRvBg I we‡kl †cÖvwUb e¨envi
ms‡køl
▪ fvBivm DNA I †KvU †cÖvwUb m„wó
jvBwUK Pµ (Synthesis)
▪ fvBivm †`‡ni wewfbœ Ask m„wó
†`nvsk GKwÎZ nIqv I ▪ †KvU †cÖwU‡bi gv_vvi As‡k DNA cÖ‡ek
eûwefvRb ▪ gv_vi As‡ki mv‡_ fvBiv‡mi Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki mshyw³
(Assemble and ▪ AmsL¨ AcZ¨ fvBivm m„wó
Multipication) ▪ bZzb DNA I †`nvsk m„wó Ges fvBivm m„wó
▪ mywbw`©ó GbRvB‡gi wµqv
we`xY©KiY ev jvBwmm I
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †KvlcÖvPxi we`xY©
bZzb fvBivm gyw³
▪ bZzb fvBivm gyw³
(Lysis and Release)
▪ AcZ¨ fvBivm msL¨v (30wgwb‡U 300wU)
bvgKi‡Yi KviY
BKwjcm Kvj
mshyw³ ev Ave×KiY ▪ wi‡mÞi mvBU wbw`©óZv
(Adsorption/ ▪ †KvlcÖvPxi- wi‡mÞi mvBU ivmvqwbK wµqv
Attachment) ▪ †em‡cøU- †KvlcÖvPxi ms¯úk©
▪ jvB‡mvRvB‡gi wµqv
wbDwK¬I e¯‘i cÖ‡ek ▪ kw³ cÖ‡qvM I wWªwjs
(Penetration) ▪ DNA Aby e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡l cÖ‡ek
▪ K¨vcwmW evB‡i cwiZ¨v³
†cÖvdvR MVb ▪ DNA Abyi AvK…wZ cweZ©b
jvB‡mv‡RwbK Pµ
(Formation of ▪ wbDwK¬‡qR I Bw›U‡MÖR wµqv
Prophage) ▪ mgš^qK…Z †cÖvdvR m„wó
†cÖvdvR Gi msL¨ve„w× ▪ fvBivm DNA Abymn e¨vK‡Uwiqvi wØwefvRb
(Increase of ▪ fvBivm DNA Abymn AcZ¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv m„wó
Prophage) ▪ bZzb wR‡bv‡gi cÖwZwjcb
jvBwUK P‡µ cÖ‡ek ▪ UV, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cvi·vBW Gi wµqv
(Indication of Lytic ▪ fvBivj wR‡bvg mvB‡UvcøvR‡g gy³
Cycle) ▪ mgwš^Z AcZ¨ fvBivj wR‡bvg jvBwUK P‡µ cÖ‡ek
bvgKi‡Yi KviY
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 9

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (†jKPvi UwcK)- e¨vK‡Uwiqv I g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxex
†jKPvi bs †jKPvi UwcK
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi aviYv
▪ e¨vK‡UwiI‡jvwR
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi Avwe¯‹vi, bvgKiY I M‡elYv
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi Avevm¯’j I we¯Í…wZ
†jKPvi-1 ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi AvqZb
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi ˆewkó¨
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi RxeZvwË¡K Ae¯’vb
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi cÖKvi‡f` ev †kÖwYweb¨vm
▪ fvBivm I e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cv_©K¨
▪ Av`k© e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡li Gi MVb
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rbb
†jKPvi-2 ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi A½R Rbb
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi A‡hŠb Rbb
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †hŠb Rbb
▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡
▪ e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM
†jKPvi-3
▪ avbMv‡Qi eøvBU †ivM (KviY, jÿY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva)
▪ K‡jiv †ivM (KviY, jÿY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva)
▪ g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxex
▪ g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi †kÖwYweb¨vmMZ Ae¯’vb
▪ g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi wewfbœ cÖRvwZ
(we¯Í…wZ, myßve¯’v, myó †iv‡Mi bvg, R¦‡ii cÖK…wZ)
▪ ciRxexi aviYv
▪ †cvlK Gi aviYv
†jKPvi-4 ▪ †cvlK Gi cÖKvi‡f`
▪ cÖvBgvix ev g~L¨ ev wbw`©ó †cvlK
▪ †m‡KÛvwi ev gva¨wgK ev AšÍeZx© †cvlK
▪ evnK Gi aviYv
▪ myßve¯’v Gi aviYv
▪ g¨v‡jwiqv R¦i
▪ g¨v‡jwiqvi HwZnvwmK cUf‚wg
▪ g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi RxebPµ
▪ †ncvwUK mvB‡RvMwb
▪ Gwi‡_ªvmvBwUK mvB‡RvMwb
▪ M¨wg‡UvMwb I †¯úv‡ivMwb
†jKPvi-5
▪ g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi RxebP‡µ Rbyµg
▪ g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi RxebP‡µ `ywU †cvl‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
▪ †KejgvÎ ¯¿x A¨v‡bvwdwjm g¨v‡jwiqv Qovq †Kb?
▪ g¨v‡jwiqv R¦‡ii KviY, jÿY, cÖwZKvi, cÖwZ‡iva I wbqš¿b
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 10

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (e¨vK‡Uwiqv)

wk‡ivbvg Z_¨cÖevn
▪ Avw`‡Kvlxq,
▪ AvYyexÿwYK AYyRxe,
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi aviYv ▪ RwUj †KvlcÖvPxi wewkó,
(Concept of Bacteria) ▪ wSwjøe× †Kvl A½vby wenxb,
▪ mvaviYZ wØ-wefvRb cÖwµqvq eske„w× K‡i,
▪ cøvmwgW bvgK e„ËvKvi DNA enb K‡i,

e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Avwe¯‹vi I bvgKiY

µg mgqKvj weÁvbxi bvg Avwe¯‹vi
01 1675 A¨v›Uwb f¨vb wjD‡qb ûK ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Dcw¯’wZ ch©‡eÿY I bvg †`b ÔAnimalcule’
02 1829 wm.wR. G‡ibevM© ▪ Rvg©vb weÁvbx me©cÖ_g e¨vK‡Uwiqvi bvgKiY K‡ib|
03 1869 jyB cv¯‘i ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv msµvšÍ ÔGerm theory of disease’ cÖ`vb K‡ib|
04 1878 m¨vwWjU ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡`i ÔgvBµeÕ ev AYyRxe wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|
05 1905 ievU© KK ▪ h²v †iv‡Mi Rxevby Avwe¯‹vi I 1905 mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf|
06 1952 wRÛvi I †jÛvievM© ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi UªvÝWvKkb Avwe¯‹vi K‡ib|
07 ▪ DrcwË : MÖxK kã Bakterion= little rod ev †QvU `Û †_‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqv kãwUi DrcwË|
08 ▪ e¨vK‡UwiIjwRi RbK : ievU© KK‡K e¨vK‡UwiIjwRi RbK ejv nq|
09 ▪ AvaywbK e¨vK‡UwiIjwRi RbK : jyB cv¯‘i‡K AvaywbK e¨vK‡UwiIjwRi RbK ejv n‡q _v‡K|
▪ e¨vK‡UwiIjwR : RxeweÁv‡bi †h kvLvq e¨vK‡Uwiqvi MVb, Avevm, Rbb, †ivMZË¡ BZ¨w` wb‡q Aa¨qb I
10
M‡elYv Kiv nq, Zv‡K e¨vK‡UwiIjwR e‡j|

µg e¨vK‡Uwiqvi we¯Í…wZ, Avevm¯’j I Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨cÖevn

01 ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv c„w_exi Avw`gZg Rxe, 3.5 wewjqb eQi hver c„w_exi mKj evm¯’v‡b we`¨gvb Av‡Q|
02 ▪ Giv gvwU, cvwb, evqy Ges Rxe‡`‡ni wfZ‡i I evwn‡i me©ÎB weivRgvb|
03 ▪ ˆRe c`v_© mg„× gvwU I cvwb‡Z AwaK Nb‡Z¡ e¨vK‡Uwiqv _v‡K|
04 ▪ 1 MÖvg gvwU‡Z 40 wgwjqb I 1 wg.wj. wgVvcvwb‡Z 1 wgwjqb e¨vK‡Uwiqv _v‡K|
05 ▪ c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq 5 bwbwjqb ( 5×1030 ) msL¨K e¨vK‡Uwiqv _v‡K hv mvgwMÖK Rxefi †_‡K †ekx|
06 ▪ gvbe‡`‡n hZ¸‡jv †Kvl Av‡Q Zvi †_‡K 10 ¸Y e¨vK‡Uwiqv _v‡K| gvby‡li Z¡K I gy‡L me‡P‡q †ekx _v‡K|
07 ▪ gvby‡li gy‡L cÖvq 500 cÖRvwZi e¨vK‡Uwiqv _v‡K| gvbe‡`‡ni AwaKvsk e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kvb ÿwZ K‡i bv|
08 ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖPÐ ˆkZ¨ (-170 †m.) ev DòZv (80/1000 †m.) mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
09 ▪ gvbe‡`‡ni A‡š¿ Dcw¯’Z Escherichia coli. e¨vK‡Uwiqv wfUvwgb we Kg‡cø· mieivn K‡i|
10 ▪ aviYv Kiv nq gvB‡UvKwÛªqv †_‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqv m„ó|K‡qK wewjqb eQi c~‡e© †Kv‡l ciRxwe wn‡m‡e cÖ‡ek K‡i|

wk‡ivbvg Z_¨cÖevn
▪ †Kvlxq Rxe‡`i g‡a¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv †KvlB ÿz`ªZg (0.2-5.0 gvB‡µvwgUvi)
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi AvqZb ▪ me‡P‡q ÿz`ªZg e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡jv-Dialister pneumosintes.
▪ me‡P‡q e„nËg e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡jv-Epulopiscium fishelsoni.

wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 11

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (e¨vK‡Uwiqv)
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mvaviY ˆewkó¨
µg wk‡ivbvg mswÿß e¨vL¨v
1 AvKvi
2 †Kvlxq Ae¯’v
3 wbDwK¬qvm
4 †KvlcÖvPxi
5 †Kvlxq Dce„w×
6 †g‡mv‡Rvg
7 †R‡bwUK e¯‘
8 cøvmwgW
9 †Kvlxq A½vby
10 eske„w×
11 G‡Ûv‡¯úvi MVb
12 k^mb
13 cywói aiY
14 †ewmK is aviY
15 ms‡e`bkxjZv
16 kw³ msMÖn
17 ZvcgvÎv
18 †Kvl wefvRb
19 O2 Gi Acwinvh©Zv
20 †ivMm„wó
21 ¸iæZ¡

Av`k© e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡li MVb

µg wk‡ivbvg mswÿß e¨vL¨v
1 †KvlcÖvPxi
2 K¨vcwmDj
3 d¬v‡Rjv I wcwj
4 cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb
5 †g‡mv‡Rvg
6 mvB‡UvcøvRg
i. ivB‡ev‡Rvg
ii. †µvg¨v‡Uv‡dvi
iii. fwjDwUb
iv. †Kvl Mnei
07 wmD‡Wv wbDwK¬qvm
08 wbDwK¬I‡qW
09 cøvmwgW
10 mwÂZ c`v_©
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 12

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (e¨vK‡Uwiqv)
AvKv‡ii wfwˇZ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †kÖwYweb¨vm
SUPER TIPS cÖKvi‡f` D`vniY
1. K°vm ev †MvjvKvi Coccus
i. g‡bvK°vm Monococcus denitrificans.
ii. wW‡cøvK°vm Diplococcus pneumoniae.
My Dear Tania Sultana is
iii. †UUªvK°vm Gafkya tetragena.
So Sweet.
iv. †÷ªc‡UvK°vm Streptococcus lactis.
v. ÷¨vdvB‡jvK°vm Staphylococcus aureus.
vi. mviwmbv Sarcina lutea.
2. e¨vwmjvm ev `ÛvKvi Bacillus
i. g‡bve¨vwmjvm Escherichia coli.
ii. wW‡cøve¨vwmjvm Diplobacillus lacunata.
g‡b e‡m‡Q wWm‡Kv cwj
iii. †÷ªc‡Uve¨vwmjvm Streptobacillus moniliformis.
iv. K‡°ve¨vwmjvm Salmonella sp.
v. c¨vwj‡mW e¨vwmjvm Lampropedia sp.
3. KgvK…wZ ev wfweªI Vibrio cholerae.
4. ¯úvBwijvg ev mwc©jvKvi Spirillum minus.
5. eûiƒwc ev cwjgiwdK Rhizobium sp.
KvKvi evmvi Kgb †¯ú‡m eû 6. ZviKvKvi ev w÷‡jU Stella sp.
ZviKvi A‡b‡KB wd« emevm K‡i 7. AbymÎ ~ vKvi ev nvBdvK…wZi Streptomyces.
8. wdjv‡g›Uvm Candidatus savagella.
9. eMv©K…wZi ev ¯‹qvi Haloquadratum walsbyi.
10.evW-jvBK Rhodomicrobium sp.

d¬v‡Rjvi wfwˇZ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †kÖwYweb¨vm

SUPER TIPS cÖKvi‡f` D`vniY
1. A¨vwUªKvm Lactobacillus.
2. g‡bvwUªKvm Vibrio cholerae.
3. A¨vwçwUªKvm Spirillum minus.
Avcv gwb Avm‡jv c‡i
4. †mdv‡jvwUªKvm Pseudomonas.
5. †jv‡dvwUªKvm Spirillum volutans.
6. †cwiwUªKvm Escherichia coli.

MÖvg iÄb c×wZi wfwˇZ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †kÖwYweb¨vm

TIPS cÖKvi‡f` D`vniY
1. MÖvg cwRwUf e¨vK‡Uwiqv Bacillus subtilis
G-PN
2. MÖvg †b‡MwUf e¨vK‡Uwiqv Salmonella typhi. / E. coli.
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 13

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (e¨vK‡Uwiqv)

e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rbb
wØwefvRb
gyKz‡jv`Mg
A½R Rbb
LÛvqb
kvLv Drcv`b
KwbwWqv
RyI‡¯úvi
G‡Ûv‡¯úvi
A‡hŠb Rbb
MwbwWqv
gvB‡µvwm÷
†¯úvivwÄqvg
KbRy‡Mkb bvjxc‡_
▪ `vZv I MÖnxZv †Kvl m„wó
▪ KbRy‡Mkb bvjx m„wó
▪ wbDwK¬I c`v‡_©i ¯’vbvšÍi
†hŠb Rbb
▪ †g‡ivRvB‡MvU m„wó
▪ †g‡ivRvB‡Mv‡U wØwefvRb
UªvÝdi‡gkb
UªvÝWvKkb

fvBivm I e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cv_©K¨

welq
AvK…wZ
AvKvi
cÖK…wZ
aib
†R‡bwUK e¯‘
eske„w×
†KjvwmZKiY
wecvK wµqv
GbRvBg
wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi cÖK…wZ
wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi Ae¯’vb
†Kvl A½vby
¸iæZ¡

wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 14

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (e¨vK‡Uwiqv)

e¨vK‡Uwiqvi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡

DcKvwiZv ¸iæZ¡ D`vniY
1. gvwUi De©iZv e„wׇZ ▪ Pseudomonas.
2. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mse܇b ▪ Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Clostridium,
Rhizobium.
3. bvBwUªwd‡Kkb ▪ Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus, Nitrobacter.
K…wl †ÿ‡Î 4. cZ½bvkK wn‡m‡e ▪ Bacillus thuringiensis.
5. cïLv`¨ ev wm‡jR ˆZwi ▪ Lactobacillus sp.
6. ˆRe mvi Drcv`b ▪ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv †Mvei wKsev AveR©bv cwP‡q
7. djb e„wׇZ ▪ Rwg‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖ‡qvM K‡i
8. g„Z Dw™¢` ev cÖvYxi cP‡b ▪ Pseudomonas.
9. Pv, Kwd, ZvgvK cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Y ▪ Bacillus megaterium.
10. `y»RvZ wk‡í ▪ Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus,
Leuconostoc.
11. cvU wk‡í ▪ Clostridium.
12. Pvgov wk‡í ▪ Bacillus.
13. Jla wk‡í ▪ f¨vw·b, ni‡gvb, B›Uvi‡dib BZ¨vw` Drcv`‡b
14. A¨vj‡Kvnj I A¨wmW Drcv`‡b ▪ Clostridium, Bacillus.
wkí‡ÿ‡Î 15. ev‡qvM¨vm ev ˆRe M¨vm ˆZwi‡Z ▪ Bacillus, Clostridium, Methanococcus.
16. ivmvqwbK c`v_© c¯‘wZ‡Z ▪ Lactic Acid-Bacillus lacticacidi, Acetone-
Clostridium acetobutylicum.
17. †Uw÷s më cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z ▪ Lv`¨`ªe¨‡K my¯^v`y I gyL‡ivPK Ki‡Z
18. GbRvBg ˆZwi‡Z ▪ Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium histolyticum,
Trichoderma konigi.
19. wf‡bMvi wk‡í ▪ Vinegar-Acetobacter xylinum.
20. wfUvwgb ˆZwi‡Z ▪ Escherichia coli.
21. A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK Drcv`‡b ▪ Subtilin-Bacillus subtilis, Polymyxin-Bacillus
polymyxa.
wPwKrmv †ÿ‡Î ▪ DPT( Diphtheria-Corynebacterium
22. cÖwZ‡laK wUKv ˆZwi‡Z diphtheriae, Pertussis-Bordetella pertussis,
Tetanus-Clostridium tetani)
23. AveR©bv cP‡b ▪ cÖK…wZi Svo–`vi wn‡m‡e
24. cq:wb¯‹vk‡b ▪ Zooglea ramigera.
cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b 25. †Zj Acmvi‡b ▪ Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
26. cwi‡ek `~lY †iv‡a ▪ Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Mycobacterium.
27. ˆRe R¦vjvbx Drcv`‡b ▪ Aevqexq e¨vK‡Uwiqvmg~n
28. †mjy‡jvR nR‡g ▪ Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens.
gvbe Rxe‡b 29. wRb cÖ‡KŠk‡j ▪ E. coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
30. wg‡_vRxwe iƒ‡c ▪ cwicvKZ‡š¿ wg‡_vRxexiƒ‡c 500 cÖKv‡ii e¨vK‡Uwiqv
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (e¨vK‡Uwiqv)
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡
AcKvwiZv ¸iæZ¡
1. h²v
2. wbD‡gvwbqv
3. UvBd‡qW
gvby‡li †ivM m„wó‡Z 4. K‡jiv
5. wWc‡_wiqv
▪ SUPER TIPS 6. wU‡Ubvm ev aby÷sKvi
AvaywbK hyMUv n‡jv 7. ûwcsKvwk
wWm A¨v‡›Ubv Avi 8. Avgvkq
ûRy‡M gvZvj †cÖ‡gi 9. Kzô‡ivM
10. M‡bvwiqv
11. †gwbbRvBwUm
12. wmwdwjm
1. M‡gi UzÛz‡ivM
2. av‡bi eøvBU ev cvZv aŸmv
3. Av‡Li AvVvSiv †ivM
4. †jeyi K¨vsKvi
5. Avjyi ¯‹¨ve
6. U‡g‡Uvi K¨vsKvi
Dw™¢‡`i †ivM m„wó‡Z 7. Av‡c‡ji dvqvi eøvBU
8. Zvgv‡Ki eøvBU
9. wk‡gi wjd ¯úU
10. U‡g‡Uvi µvDbMj
11. †Mvjv‡ci µvDbMj
12. †e¸‡bi DBë †ivM
13. Avjyi big cPv †ivM
1. Miæ gwn‡li h²v
2. †fovi A¨vb_ªv·
Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi †ivM
3. nvm gyiMxi K‡jiv
m„wó‡Z
4. B`y‡ii †cøM †ivM
5. QvM‡ji eªæwm‡jvwmm
1. Lv`¨e¯‘i cPb I welv³Zv
2. cvwb `~lY m„wó
3. gvwUi De©iZv webóKiY
4. e¨eüZ `ª‡e¨i ÿwZ
wewea
5. wWbvBUªwd‡Kkb
6. wWmvjwdDwi‡Kkb
7. hvben‡bi `yN©Ubv
8. ev‡qv‡U‡ivwiRg
wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
Page 15
D`vniY
▪ Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
▪ Diplococcus pneumoniae.
▪ Salmonella typhi.
▪ Vibrio cholerae.
▪ Corynebacterium diptheriae.
▪ Clostridium tetani.
▪ Bordetella pertussis.
▪ Bacillus dysenteri.
▪ Mycobacterium leprae.
▪ Neisseria gonnorrhoeae.
▪ Neisseria meningitidis.
▪ Treponema pallidum.
▪ Agrobacterium tritici.
▪ Xanthomonas oryzae
▪ Xanthomonas vasculorum.
▪ Xanthomonas citri.
▪ Streptomyces scabies.
▪ Corynebacterium michiganese.
▪ Erwinia amylovora.
▪ Pseudomonas tabacci.
▪ Xanthomonas malvaccearum.
▪ Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
▪ Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
▪ Pseudomonas solanacearum.
▪ Erwinia carotovora.
▪ Mycobacterium bovis.
▪ Bacillus anthracis.
▪ Bacillus avissepticus.
▪ Yersinia pestis.
▪ Brucella suis.
▪ Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas.
▪ Salmonella, Vibrio, Escherichia coli.
▪ Bacillus denitrificans.
▪ Spirochete cytophaga.
▪ Thiobacillus, Microbacillus.
▪ Desulphovibrio sp.
▪ Clostridium sp.
▪ ÿwZKviK RxevYy ev e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡K hy‡× e¨envi|
 Page 16

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxex)

g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxex (Plasmodium)

µg wk‡ivbvg mswÿß e¨vL¨v
1 g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxex
2 g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi †kÖwYweb¨vm
3 g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi wewfbœ cÖRvwZ
4 ciRxexi aviYv
5 †cvlK Gi aviYv
6 †cvlK Gi cÖKvi‡f`
7 cÖvBgvix ev g~L¨ ev wbw`©ó †cvlK
8 †m‡KÛvwi ev gva¨wgK ev AšÍeZx© †cvlK
9 evnK Gi aviYv
10 myßve¯’v Gi aviYv
11 g¨v‡jwiqv R¦i
12 g¨v‡jwiqvi HwZnvwmK cUf‚wg
g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi wewfbœ cÖRvwZ
µg ciRxexi bvg †iv‡Mi bvg myßve¯’v R¦‡ii cÖK…wZ
1 Plasmodium vivax BTM 12-20 w`b 48 N›Uv AšÍi AšÍi R¦i Av‡m
2 Plasmodium ovale MTM 11-16 w`b 48 N›Uv AšÍi AšÍi R¦i Av‡m
3 Plasmodium falciparum MM 08-15 w`b 36-48 N›Uv AšÍi AšÍi R¦i Av‡m
4 Plasmodium malariae QM 18-40 w`b 72 N›Uv AšÍi AšÍi R¦i Av‡m

g¨v‡jwiqv R¦‡ii KviY

TIPS wk‡ivbvg mswÿß e¨vL¨v
M †g‡ivR‡qU m„wó
P cvB‡iv‡Rb ÿiY
H nvB‡cv_¨vjvgv‡m DÏxcbv
PM †cÖv÷vMøvwÛb, g‡bvA¨vgvBb ÿiY
V †f‡mv‡gvUi ¯œvqyi wµqv
S i³bvjxi ms‡KvPb
T †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv e„w×
g¨v‡jwiqv R¦‡ii jÿYmg~n
TIPS wk‡ivbvg mswÿß e¨vL¨v
C kxZve¯’v
T DËvc Ae¯’v
S Ngv©e¯’v
O Ab¨vb¨

wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 17

wkÿv DcKiY
RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : AYyRxe (g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxwe)

SUPER TIPS: SC-SC-SMC-MM

TIPS †ncvwUK mvB‡RvMwb

S †¯úv‡ivR‡qU

C wµ‡ÞvR‡qU

S mvBR›U

C wµ‡Þv‡g‡ivR‡qU

S mvBR›U

MC †gUvwµ‡Þvg‡ivR‡qU

M gvB‡µv-†gUvwµ‡Þv‡g‡ivR‡qU

M g¨v‡µv-†gUvwµ‡Þv‡g‡ivR‡qU

SUPER TIPS : Uªcvi wis A¨vwgi PvB, †giv‡Ri M¨vwg‡U M2 bvB|

TIPS Gwi‡_ªvmvBwUK mvB‡RvMwb

Uªcvi †Uªv‡dvR‡qU

wis wmM‡bU wis

A¨vwgi A¨vwge‡qW †Uªv‡dvR‡qU

PvB mvBR›U

†giv‡Ri †g‡ivR‡qU

M¨vwg‡U M¨vwg‡UvmvBU

M gvB‡µvM¨vwg‡UvmvBU

M g¨v‡µvM¨vwg‡UvmvBU

wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900
 Page 18

SUPER TIPS : Give Some More Extra Mole, Only My Polar Macro Cell

TIPS M¨vwg‡UvMwb
Give M¨vwg‡Uv‡R‡bwmm

Some ¯úvgv©‡Uv‡R‡bwmm

More gvB‡Uvwmm wefvRb

Extra G·d¬v‡R‡jkb

Mole gvB‡µvM¨vwgU m„wó

Only DI‡R‡bwmm

My gvB‡Uvwmm wefvRb

Polar †cvjvi ewW m„wó

Macro g¨v‡µvM¨vwgU m„wó

Cell †Kvb ev wb‡lK k¼z m„wó

SUPER TIPS : F-ZOO-MMSSSS

TIPS †¯úv‡ivMwb
F wb‡lK ev dvwU©jvB‡Rkb

Z RvB‡MvU m„wó

O DIwK‡bU m„wó

O DIwm÷ MVb

M wg‡qvwmm wefvRb

M gvB‡Uvwmm wefvRb

S †¯úv‡ivR‡qU m„wó

S †¯úv‡ivR‡qU Aegyw³

S wn‡gvwm‡j †¯úv‡ivR‡qU

S jvjvMÖwš’‡Z †¯úv‡ivR‡qU

wgjb KvwšÍ, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, RxeweÁvb wefvM, XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR| Cell : 01716528099, 01670456900