Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MIH Appendices
MIH Appendices
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• HISTORICAL ACTS
b. Pitt's India Act, 1784 : Separated commercial and political functions of company
a. Dual system of Control - (British govt was given supreme control over Company
affairs and its administration in India)
i. Court of directors (strength = 60) => commercial affairs
ii. Board of Control => Political affairs (civil, military, revenue)
b. Reduced strength of Gov Gen council to 3 members
c. Placed Indian affairs under direct control of British govt
d. Company's territories in India were called "British possession in India"
e. Governor's councils estd in Bombay and Madras => Bombay and Madras made
"clearly subordinate" to Governor General of Bengal
c. Charter Act, 1793
a. Continued Company's trade monopoly over India for another 20 yrs
b. Need royal approval for appointments
d. Charter Act, 1813 (context – Napolean continental system in Europe => British
merchants needed market + Adam Smith Free Trade Theory )
a. Company monopoly over British trade terminated => trade with India open to
all British subjects
b. Monopoly in trade with China & trade in tea with India was kept intact => for 20
yrs
c. Local govt could impose taxes on persons subject to jurisdiction to SC
d. Permission to Christian missionaries
e. Allowed Britishers to settle in India
f. Provided finances for promotion of knowledge of sciences in India - 1 Lakh for
Education
g. Undoubted Soveriegnty of the crown over possessions of EIC => by defining the
constitutional provision of British in India
h. 10% dividend to shareholders
e. Charter Act, 1833
a. Gov General Bengal => Gov General Of India (Lord William Bentick)
b. First step towards centralization
c. Beginning of Centralisation => act took away legislative powers of Bombay and
Madras provinces
d. Ended activities of East India Company as a commercial body => purely
administrative body i.e. monopoly ended even in China & Tea
e. Debts of company taken over by GoI
• GOVERNANCE
o Civil Services
i. Cornwallis - Father of Civil Services
i. Introduced Covenated & Uncovenated civil services
ii. Raising salary
iii. Enforcement of rules
iv. Promotions through seniority
ii. Wellesley
i. Opened Fort William College, 1800 - to train recruits
iii. Charter Act, 1853
i. Open Competition
iv. Indian Civil Services, 1861
i. Greek and latin
ii. Age lowered
v. Satyendranath tagore - 1863
vi. Statutory Civil Services, 1878
i. Lytton
o Police
i. Faujdari Thanas, 1775
ii. 1791 - Cornwallis : -
i. Relieved Zamindars of police duties
ii. Organised regular police force
iii. Mayo, 1808
i. Spies for Police
iv. Bentinck
i. Abolished office of SP
ii. Collector made head of police
v. Indian Police Act, 1861
vi. Fraser Commission, 1902
i. CID - provinces
ii. CBI - center
o Military
i. Peel Commission, 1857
ii. Eden Commission, 1879
iii. Chatfield Commission, 1939
o Judiciary
i. Warren Hastings, 1772-85
i. Distt Diwani Adalats
• Sadar Diwani Adalat - appeals
ii. Distt Faujdari Adalats
• Assisted by mufti/qazi
• Sadar Nizamat Adalat
o Local Bodies
i. Mayo Resolution, 1870
i. Local taxation
ii. Ripon Resolution, 1882
i. Father of Local Self Govt
iii. Royal Commission on Decentralisation, 1908
i. Judicial jurisdiction to panchayat
ii. Sub distt board
iii. Liberal in spirit
iv. Resolution of May, 1918
i. Transferred some power to local bodies/people
o Labour
i. Indian Factories Act, 1881
i. Child labour defined (7-12yo) => 9 hrs per day
o Press
i. James Hickey - Bengal Gazette, 1780
ii. Censorship Press Act, 1799
i. Wellesly
ii. Wartime press restriction
iii. Relaxed later
iii. Licensing Regulations, 1823
i. John Adams
ii. RRMR - Mirat Ul Akbar
iv. Press Act 1835
i. Metcalfe - Liberator of Indian Press
ii. Repealed 1823 regulations
v. Licensing Act, 1857 => emergency during revolt
vi. Registration Act, 1867
i. Repealed Metcalfe Act
ii. Details of printer and publisher
iii. Copy of paper to be submitted to govt
vii. Vernacular Press Act, 1878
i. Lytton
ii. Repress seditious writing
iii. Gagging act
iv. Surendranath Bannerjee - first victim
viii. Newspaper Act, 1908
• Reforms/Acts
o FAMINE
a. Campbell Commission, 1866
b. Stratchy Commission, 1880 => give relief to famine stricken
c. Lyall Commission, 1897
d. Mac Donnell Commission, 1901 => investigate Bengal famines
e. John Woodhood, 1943-44
o CURRENCY
a. Mansfield Commission, 1886
o Misc
a. Peel Commission, 1857 - to look into military affairs of India
i. Recommended native army should be composed of diff caste, and mixed
through each regiment
b. Eden Commission, 1879 - military affairs
c. Aitchison Commission (Public Service Commission), 1886 - under Lord Dufferin
i. To look into claims of Indians to higher and more public service employment
ii. Recc moving away from covenated and non-covenated system
iii. 3 tier system - Central, Provincial, Local => Indians not allowed in Central
iv. Recc raising age limit to 23 yrs
d. Scott-Moncrieff Commission, 1901 - Irrigation
e. Fraser Commission, 1902 - Police Reforms
f. Hunter Commission, 1919 - Punjab disturbances
g. Muddiman Committee, 1924 - working of Diarchy under GoI Act 1919
h. Butler Commission, 1927 - Princely States relation with British crown
i. Simon Commission - to review governance and suggest reforms
j. Whitley Commission, 1929 - Labour
k. Sapru Commission, 1935 - Educated Unemployed
l. Chatfield Commission, 1939 - Army
m. Floud Commision, 1940 - Tenancy in Bengal - recc tebhaga thingy
o BOMBAY
a. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, 1867
1. MG Ranade
b. Bombay Presidency Association, 1885
1. Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, KT Telang
o MADRAS
a. Madras Native Association, 1852
1. CY Mudailar
b. Madras Mahajan Sabha, 1884
1. Viraghavichiar, G Subramaniya Iyer,
• Important Congress Sessions
a.
1885 Bombay WC Banerjee first session of INC
b.
1886 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji
c.
1887 Madras Badruddin Tyabji First Muslim prez
d.
1888 Allahabad George Yule first european prez
e.
1896 Calcutta Vande Mataram sung for first time
f.
1905 Benaras GK Gokhale Swadeshi Movt
g.
1906 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji • Swaraj mentioned
for first time
• Resolutions on -
1. Swaraj
2. Swadeshi
3. Boycott
4. National
education
h.
1907 Surat Rash Behari Party split into extremists and moderates,
Ghosh because -
k. Aligarh Movement
i. Syed Ahmed Khan -
o Ahmaddiya & Aligarh Movt (of Syed Ahmed Khan) => Reformist
unorthodox Muslim movements
o Deoband & Wahabi => Orthodox
• Caste Movements
a. Satyashodhak Samaj 1873
i. Jyotiba Phule
ii. Against Brahmanical domination => emancipation of low caste and
widows - complete abolition of caste system
iii. Phule's works - Gulamgiri, Sarvajanik Satyadharma
b. Aravippuram Movement/Shri Narayan Guru Paripalana (SNDP) Movement 1888,
in Kerala
i. Shri Narayan guru - "One religion, One Caste and One God for mankind"
ii. Rights of depressed classes (Ezhavas and Iravas of Kerala)
iii. Condemned animal sacrifice
iv. Criticized intoxication
• Political/Religious Uprisings
a. Sanyasi Rebellion (1763-1800)
i. Eastern India
ii. Hindu Naga and Giri armed Sanyasis against British, as the British
considered them looters and gypsies and restricted their pilgrimage
iii. Majnu Shah, Chirag Ali
iv. Attacked British factories and govt treasuries
v. Small zamindars, urban poors, disbanded soldier participated
vi. Equal participation of muslims & hindu
vii. Anandmath (1882) & Devi Chaudharani - both by Bankim chandra
Chatterjee based on this
b. Fakir Uprising (1776-77)
i. Wandering Muslim mendicants defied British authority and looted
English factories
ii. Supported by Rajputs, Afghans, disbanded Indian soldiers
c. Pagal Panthis Movement (1825-1835)
i. Founded by Karam Shah and his son Tipu Shah
• Tribal Uprisings
a. Chuar Uprising (1768 - 1816)
i. Midnapore, WB
ii. Durjan Singh
iii. Enhanced land revenue, losing land estates etc.
b. Bhils Uprising (1824-29)
i. By Sewaram in Khandesh area of WG
ii. Due to occupation of Khandesh by British
c. Khasi Rebellion (1830)
i. To drive away foreigners from plains
d. Kol Uprising (1831)
i. Inhabiting CNP
ii. Buddho Bhagat
iii. Against British and moneylenders => land transferred to outsiders (Suds)
iv. Violent - plunder & arson
v. Brutally supressed by British
e. Khond Uprising (1840-56)
i. Khonds lived in hilltracts from TN to Bengal and in virtual independence
due to inaccessible mountainous terrain
ii. Against British who suppressed human sacrifice, introduced new taxes,
influx of Zamindars and money-lenders
o Indian Opinion (1903 - SA), Hind Swaraj (1909 - originally written in parts in Indian
Opinion), Navjivan (1919) , Young India (1919), Harijan (1933) => Gandhi
• Literary Works
a. Amar Sonar Bangla - Tagore
b. Thakurmar Jhuli (Grandmother's Tales) - Daksinaranjan Mitra Majumdar
c. Sudesa Geethangal, 1908 - Subramaniya Bharatiya
d. Pather Dabi - Saratchandra Chatterjee - on a secret society to free India from
British
e. High Caste Hindu Woman, 1886 - Pandita Ramabai
f. Stri-Purush Tulna - Tarabai Shinde
g. A Nation in making - Surendranath Banerjee
h. Gulamgiri - Jyotiba Phule
i. Sarvajanik Satyadharma - Jyotiba Phule
j. Bandi Jivan - Sachindranath Sanyal
k. Bahuvivah - Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
l. Amar Jiban - Rassundari Devi - first published autobiography in Bengali
• ORGANISATIONS
a. Abhinav Bharat - VD Savarkar
b. AITUC - NM Joshi
c. All India Depressed Classes League - Jagjivan Ram
d. Asiatic Society - William Jones
e. Atmiya Sabha - RRMR
f. Vedanta College - RRMR
g. Azad Hind Fauj/ INA - Mohan Singh
h. Azad Hind Sarkar - SC Bose
i. East India Association - Dadabhai Naoroji
j. Gadar Party - Lala Hardyal, Kahi Ram
k. Indian National Association - Sam Bannerjee, Ananda Mohan Bose, 1876
l. Indian League - Shishir Kumar Ghosh
• WOMEN
▪ Bethune School, 1849 - 1st women college - by Lady Bethune (President of
Council of Education in Calcutta)
▪ Indian Women's University, 1916 - by DK Karve
▪ Tarabai Shinde -
i. Stripurush Tulna (1882 in Marathi) => first modern Indian feminist text
ii. Founding member of Satyasodhak Samaj (by Jyotiba Phule)
▪ Pandita Ramabai -
i. Book - The High-Caste Hindu Woman
ii. opened Sharna Sadan (education for young Hindu widows)
iii. awarded Kaiser-i-hind for community service in 1919
iv. Estd Arya Mahila Samaj
▪ Ramabai Ranade
i. Worked in famine of 1913
ii. Wife of MG Ranade
iii. Ladies Social Conference, 1904
▪ Usha Mehta - Gandhian - organized Secret Congress Radio during Quit India
Movement in 1942
▪ Shanti Ghose
i. Joined revolutionary Jugantar Party
ii. Along with Suniti Chowdhury => shot Comilla DM Stevens to death in
1931
iii. Later joined Congress
iv. Communist
▪ Pritilata Waddedar
i. Revolutionary along with Surya Sen
▪ Sarla Devi Chaudrani
i. Formed Bharat Stree Mahamandal, 1910
▪ Annie Besant
• Prominent Peeps
▪ AMBEDKAR
i. Amityaja Sangh
ii. Samta Samaj Sangh (1927)
iii. Depressed Clases Institute, 1924
iv. Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha, 1924
v. All India Depressed Class Congress, 1930
vi. Independent Labour Party, 1936 - to contest elections
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