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1 What is the function of a relay?
A to allow a current in one circuit to operate a switch in another circuit

B to prevent an electric shock by earthing a metal case
C to protect a circuit by melting if the current becomes too large
D to transform a d.c. voltage to a different value
2 A domestic circuit includes a 30 A fuse. This protects the wiring if there is too much current in the
circuit.
In which wire is the 30 A fuse positioned, and what does it do when it operates?
position operation
A live wire disconnects the circuit

B live wire reduces the current to 30 A
C neutral wire disconnects the circuit
D neutral wire reduces the current to 30 A
3 After some building work in a house, a bare (uninsulated) live wire is left protruding from a wall.
What is the greatest hazard?
A a fire
B a fuse blows
C an electric shock
D no current flows
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 A circuit-breaker is designed to protect a circuit which usually carries a current of 2 A.
The time taken to break the circuit depends on the current, as shown in the graph.
160
time taken
140
to break the
circuit / s 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
current / A
What happens when the current in the circuit is 2 A and what happens when the current is 18 A?
when the current is 2 A when the current is 18 A
A the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds
B the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds the circuit does not break
C the circuit does not break the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds
D the circuit does not break the circuit does not break
5 T
he diagram shows a 10 Ω resistor and a 20 Ω resistor connected in a potential divider circuit.
10 Ω
12.0 V
20 Ω V
What is the reading on the voltmeter?
A 4.0 V B 6.0 V C 8.0 V D 12.0 V
6 In the circuit shown, only one of the fuses has blown, but none of the lamps is lit.
Which fuse has blown?
power
supply
B C
D
7 In an electrical circuit, what is the purpose of a fuse?
A to connect the metal case of an appliance to the earth

B to cut off the electrical supply if the current is too large
C to keep an electrical appliance dry in damp conditions
D to maintain a steady voltage as the current varies
8 A fuse is used to protect an electric circuit.

Which diagram shows where the fuse should be connected?
A B
live live
neutral neutral
C D
live live
neutral neutral
9 Either a fuse or a circuit-breaker can be used to protect electrical cables from large currents that
could cause overheating.
X cable
live
electrical Y appliance
supply
neutral
cable
When a fuse is used, where should it be connected, and when a circuit-breaker is used, where
should it be connected?
position position of
of fuse circuit-breaker
A X X
B X Y
C Y X
D Y Y
10 An appliance is connected to a mains supply. Its circuit also contains a switch and a fuse.
Which circuit shows the fuse in the correct position?
A B
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
C D
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
11 In the circuit shown, the current from the battery divides equally between the two lamps. Each
ammeter reads 6.0 A.
A A
What is a suitable rating for the fuse in this circuit?
A 3.0 A B 6.0 A C 10.0 A D 13.0 A
12 An appliance is connected to a mains supply. Its circuit also contains a switch and a fuse.
Which circuit shows the fuse in the correct position?
A B
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
C D
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
13 The current in a kettle is 10 A and it is protected by a 13 A fuse.
The owner of the kettle replaces the 13 A fuse with a 3 A fuse.
What happens when the kettle is switched on?
A The fuse blows and the kettle is damaged.

B The fuse blows and the kettle is undamaged.
C The fuse does not blow and the kettle works correctly.
D The fuse does not blow but the kettle fails to work.
14 In an experiment to measure the speed of sound, a student uses a stopwatch to find the time
taken for a sound wave to travel from X to Y. She does this six times.
sound travels from X to Y
X Y
The table shows her results.
measu
measurement /s
first 0.5
second 0.7
third 0.6
fourth 0.4
fifth 0.9
sixth 0.5
Which value for the time should be used to calculate the speed of sound?
A 0.4 s B 0.5 s C 0.6 s D 0.9 s
15 A desk lamp should have a 3 A fuse fitted, but a 13 A fuse has been fitted by mistake.
The lamp is not faulty.
The lamp is switched on. What happens?
A The fuse blows.

B The fuse does not blow but the lamp does not light.
C The lamp draws too much current and the supply cables could melt.
D The lamp works normally.
16 Each branch of a domestic circuit often includes a circuit-breaker. This protects the wiring if too
much current flows in the circuit.
In which wire is the circuit-breaker placed and what does it do when it operates?
circuit-breaker in when the circuit-breaker operates it

B live wire reduces the current to a safe value (not zero)
D neutral wire reduces the current to a safe value (not zero)
17 The diagram shows the connections to an electric heater. Three fuses have been added to the
circuit.
heating element
plastic
fuse 1 case
live
fuse 3
fuse 2
neutral heater
Which of the fuses are correctly placed?
A fuse 1, fuse 2 and fuse 3

B fuse 1 and fuse 2 only
C fuse 1 only
D fuse 2 only
18 An electric motor is connected to the mains supply by insulated wires. The circuit is protected by
a fuse, but the connecting wires become hot.
insulated connecting wire
live
M motor
neutral
insulated connecting wire
How could the wires be prevented from becoming so hot?
A Connect a second fuse in the neutral wire.

B Use a fuse with a higher current rating.
C Use thicker connecting wires.
D Use thicker insulation on the connecting wires.
19 A circuit-breaker is designed to protect a circuit which usually carries a current of 2 A.
The time taken to break the circuit depends on the current, as shown in the graph.
160
time taken
140
to break the
circuit / s 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
current / A
What happens when the current in the circuit is 2 A and what happens when the current 18 A?
when the current is 2 A when the current is 18 A
A the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds
B the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds the circuit does not break
C the circuit does not break the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds
D the circuit does not break the circuit does not break
20 An air conditioner and a television are both connected to the same electrical circuit.
power air
television
supply conditioner
The current in the air conditioner is 4.0 A and the current in the television is 6.0 A.
Several different fuses are available.
Which fuse should be connected at X?
A 3A B 5A C 10 A D 13 A
21 In this circuit, a component at X automatically protects the wiring from overheating if there is a
fault.
electrical supply
Which components are suitable to use at X?
A a circuit-breaker, a fuse or a switch

B only a circuit-breaker or a fuse
C only a circuit-breaker or a switch
D only a fuse
22 Which circuit includes a capacitor and what does the capacitor do in this circuit?
what the
circuit
capacitor does
A potential divider stores current

B potential divider stores energy
C time delay stores current
D time delay stores energy
23 A fuse and a relay each use an effect of an electric current.
Which effect of an electric current is used by a fuse and which effect is used by a relay?
effect used by effect used by

a fuse a relay
A heating effect heating effect

B heating effect magnetic effect
C magnetic effect heating effect
D magnetic effect magnetic effect
24 After some building work in a house, a bare (uninsulated) live wire is left protruding from a wall.
What is the greatest hazard?
A a fire
B a fuse blows
C an electric shock
D no current flows
1 A
2 A
3 C
4 C
5 C
6 A
7 B
8 A
9 A
10 D
11 B
12 B
13 B
14 D
15 A
16 A
17 C
18 C
19 C
20 D
21 B
22 D
23 B
24 C
1 The diagram shows a combination of logic gates.
input P
(= 0) output X
input Q output Y
(= 1)
Input P is at a logic state 0 (low) and input Q is at a logic state 1 (high).
What are the logic states at output X and at output Y?
output X output Y
A 0 0
B 0 1
C 1 0
D 1 1
2 The graph shows the output of an a.c. generator. The coil in the generator rotates 20 times in one
second.
+
output
p.d. / V 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–
The speed of rotation of the coil steadily increases.
Which graph best shows how the output changes?
+
output
A p.d. / V 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–
+
output
B p.d. / V 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–
+
output
p.d. / V
+
C 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–
+
output
p.d. / V
+
D 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–
1 D
2 C
3 D
4 B
5 A
6 A
7 C
8 D
9 A
10 C
11 A
12 B
13 B
14 A
15 C
16 A
17 B
18 A
19 A
20 C
21 C
22 C
23 C
24 D
25 B
26 B
27 A
28 B
29 B
30 C
31 A
32 C
33 B
34 D
35 C
36 B
37 A
38 A
39 B
40 C
41 A
42 C
43 B
44 B
45 B
46 C
47 D
48 C
49 A
50 A
51 C
52 D
53 B
54 D
55 D
56 A
57 C
58 A
59 D
60 C
61 B
62 C
63 C
64 A
65 B
66 A
67 D
68 C
69 D
70 B
71 B
72 D
73 C
74 D
75 D
76 A
77 A
78 B
79 D
80 C
81 A
82 A
83 D
84 A
85 B
86 A
87 D
88 B
89 A
90 B
91 C
92 A
93 B
94 C
95 A
1 The circuit shown includes two meters X and Y, connected correctly.
Which row gives the unit of the quantity measured by X and the unit of the quantity measured
by Y?
meter X meter Y
A ampere ampere
B ampere volt
C volt ampere
D volt volt
2 The circuit shown contains three ammeters X, Y and Z.
X A Z
A
10 Ω
A
20 Ω Y
Which ammeter has the largest reading?
A X
B Y
C Z
D They all have the same reading.
3 The diagram shows part of a circuit used to switch street lamps on and off automatically.
LDR
In the evening it gets dark.
Which row shows the effect on the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR) and on the
potential difference (p.d.) across it?
resistance of LDR p.d. across LDR
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
4 Two meters are connected in a circuit to measure the current in a component and the potential
difference across the component.
Which meters are used and how are they connected to the component?
A an ammeter in parallel for current, a voltmeter in series for potential difference

B an ammeter in series for current, a voltmeter in parallel for potential difference
C a voltmeter in parallel for current, an ammeter in series for potential difference
D a voltmeter in series for current, an ammeter in parallel for potential difference
5 P and Q are the circuit symbols for two electrical components.
P Q
Which components are represented by P and by Q?
P Q
A thermistor fuse
B thermistor relay
C variable resistor fuse
D variable resistor relay
6 The diagram shows two resistors connected in a circuit.
6.0 Ω
12 Ω
What could be the combined resistance of this arrangement of resistors?
A 4.0 Ω B 6.0 Ω C 9.0 Ω D 18 Ω
7 Why are lamps in a house lighting circuit connected in parallel rather than in series?
A If one lamp stops working, the remaining lamps become brighter.

B Less current is taken from the power supply.
C The lamps can be turned off independently using switches.
D When more lamps are added, their brightness decreases.
8 The diagram show
s acell connected to two 6.0 Ω resistors. Three currents,I1, I2 and I3, are
labelled.
I1
6.0 Ω I2
6.0 Ω I3
Which row correctly compares I2 and I3 with I1?
I2 I3
A same as I1 same as I1
B same as I1 smaller than I1
C smaller than I1 same as I1
D smaller than I1 smaller than I1
9 Which produces an electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
A a battery
B a filament lamp
C a resistor
D a spring balance
10 Four lamps are each labelled 240 V.
In which circuit do all four lamps have normal brightness?
A B
240 V 240 V
C D
240 V 240 V
11 The diagram shows a 40 Ω resistor and a 60 Ω resistor connected in parallel.
60 Ω
P Q
40 Ω
What is the total resistance between points P and Q?
A less than 40 Ω
B 50 Ω
C between 60 Ω and 100 Ω
D 100 Ω
12 The diagram shows a potential divider connected to two voltmeters P and Q.
V voltmeter P
V voltmeter Q
The resistance of the variable resistor is decreased.
Which row shows what happens to the reading on each voltmeter?
reading on reading on
voltmeter P voltmeter Q
13 A circuit is set up to determine the resistance of a resistor R. The meter readings are 2.0 A and
3.0 V.
A
V
What is the resistance of the resistor R?
A 0.67 Ω B 1.5 Ω C 5.0 Ω D 6.0 Ω
14 The circuit diagram shows a thermistor in a potential divider. A voltmeter is connected across the
thermistor.
The graph shows how the resistance of the thermistor changes with temperature.
resistance
temperature
As the thermistor becomes warmer, what happens to its resistance and what happens to the
reading on the voltmeter?
resistance voltmeter reading
15 What is the unit of electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
A ampere
B joule
C volt
D watt
16 The circuit diagram shows Ωa resistor
4.0 and an 8.0 Ω resistor connected to a 6.0 V battery.
6.0 V
4.0 Ω 8.0 Ω
What is the current in the battery?
A 0.50 A B 0.75 A C 1.5 A D 2.0 A
17 The diagram shows a circuit which includes an uncharged capacitor and a switch.
X switch
capacitor
The switch can be moved between position X and position Y.
What happens to the capacitor when the switch is moved to position X, and what happens when
the switch is then moved to position Y?
switch at X switch at Y
A capacitor charges capacitor charges

B capacitor charges capacitor discharges
C capacitor discharges capacitor charges
D capacitor discharges capacitor discharges
18 T
he diagram shows a 3.0 Ω resistor and a 6.0 Ω resistor connected in parallel.
3.0 Ω
6.0 Ω
What is the total resistance of this arrangement?
A less than 3.0 Ω
B 3.0 Ω
C 4.5 Ω
D more than 6.0 Ω
19 Two 5.0 Ω resistors are connected as shown in the diagram.
5.0 Ω
5.0 Ω
What is the total resistance of this combination?
A less than 5.0 Ω
B 5.0 Ω
C more than 5.0 Ω but less than 10.0 Ω
D 10.0 Ω
20 The diagram shows a 10 Ω resistor and a 20 Ω resistor connected in a potential divider circuit.
10 Ω
12.0 V
20 Ω V
A 4.0 V B 6.0 V C 8.0 V D 12.0 V
21 Which component is represented by this circuit symbol?
A a bell
B a fuse
C a relay
D a transformer
22 T
he diagram shows a 10 Ω resistor and a 20 Ω resistor connected in a potential divider circuit.
10 Ω
12.0 V
20 Ω V
A 4.0 V B 6.0 V C 8.0 V D 12.0 V
23 A student uses the circuit shown to determine the resistance of the two identical resistors.
The voltmeter reading is 2.2 V and the ammeter reading is 0.25 A.
What is the resistance of each resistor?
A 0.275 Ω B 0.55 Ω C 4.4 Ω D 8.8 Ω
24 A student sets up this circuit.
What is the purpose of the circuit?
A to allow a lamp to be made dimmer or brighter as required

B to amplify the sound of a voice
C to light a lamp in the dark
D to sound a bell when the temperature rises
25 What is the circuit symbol for a variable resistor?

A B C D
26 The diagram shows a circuit containing three ammeters P, Q and R.
P A Q A R
A
Which statement about the readings on the ammeters is correct?
A The reading on P is equal to the reading on Q.

B The reading on P is equal to the reading on R.
C The reading on Q is greater than the reading on P.
D The reading on Q is greater than the reading on R.
27 The diagram shows a light-dependent resistor (LDR) connected in a potential divider circuit.
The brightness of the light falling on the LDR is increased.
Which row shows what happens to the resistance of the LDR, and what happens to the reading
on the voltmeter?
28 Four lamps are each labelled '60 W 230 V'.
In which circuit are the lamps connected so that they operate at normal brightness?
A B C D
230 V 230 V 230 V 230 V
29 Which circuit shows a voltmeter measuring the p.d. across a resistor?
A B
C D
30 A student connects the circuit shown.
1
2
Which switches must be closed for both the bell to ring and the lamp to light?
A 1 and 4 only
B 2 and 3 only
C 1, 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2, 3 and 4
31 Two resistors are connected in parallel.
20 Ω
30 Ω
Which value could be the resistance of the combination?
A 12 Ω B 20 Ω C 25 Ω D 50 Ω
32 The circuit contains a variable potential divider PQ, a lamp and a voltmeter.
power supply
+ –
P Q
sliding
contact
V
The sliding contact of the potential divider is moved towards end Q.
What happens to the brightness of the lamp and what happens to the voltmeter reading?
brightness of lamp voltmeter reading
A becomes brighter decreases

B becomes brighter increases
C does not change decreases
D does not change increases
33 A student designs a circuit to switch on a lamp after a time delay.
Which components are used in a time-delay circuit?
A a light-dependent resistor and a relay

B a resistor and a capacitor
C a resistor and a transformer
D a thermistor and a variable resistor
34 Identical resistors are connected together to form arrangements X, Y and Z.
arrangement X arrangement Y arrangement Z
What is the correct order of the resistances of the arrangements from the largest to the smallest?
A X→Y→Z
B Y→X→Z
C Z→X→Y
D Z→Y→X
35 The diagram shows a potential divider circuit.
V P
V Q
The resistance of the variable resistor is increased.
Which row shows what happens to the readings on voltmeter P and on voltmeter Q?
36 A student wishes to determine the resistance of a resistor. She uses an ammeter and a voltmeter
in a circuit.
In which circuit are the ammeter and voltmeter connected correctly?
A B
A
A V
C D
V
A
A
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com V
37 In which circuit can the lamps be switched on and off independently?
A B
C D
38 Two resistors, with resistances R1 and R2, are connected in parallel.
The resistance R1 is greater than the resistance R2.
R1
R2
What is the resistance of the parallel combination?
A less than either R1 or R2

B equal to R1
C equal to R2
D the average of R1 and R2
39 In the circuit shown, the switch is closed for a long time, then opened.
voltmeter 1
V
resistor capacitor
V V
voltmeter 2 voltmeter 3
Immediately after the switch is opened, which of the voltmeters reads zero?
A voltmeter 1 only
B voltmeter 2 only
C voltmeter 3 only
D voltmeter 1, voltmeter 2 and voltmeter 3
40 The diagram shows an incomplete circuit.
X Y
A
Four wires of different length and thickness are connected in turn between point X and point Y.
All four wires are made of the same metal.
Which wire will cause the greatest reading on the ammeter?
A long and thick

B long and thin
C short and thick
D short and thin
41 The diagram shows a circuit containing a battery, a lamp, a switch and another component X.
The switch is initially closed and the lamp is lit.
The switch is now opened and the lamp remains lit for several seconds before slowly going out.
component X
What is component X?
A a capacitor
B a light-dependent resistor
C a thermistor
D a variable resistor
42 The diagram shows a circuit containing three lamps and three switches S1, S2 and S3.
lamp 1
S1 S2
lamp 2
S3
lamp 3
Lamp 1 and lamp 3 are lit, but lamp 2 is not lit.
Which switch or switches is/are closed?
A S1 only
B S1 and S2
C S1 and S3
D S2 and S3
43 The diagram shows part of an electric circuit.
12 V
0V
The light falling on the light-dependent resistor (LDR) increases in brightness.
What happens to the resistance of the LDR and what happens to the reading on the voltmeter?
44 Which labelled component in the circuit shown controls the brightness of lamp X?
A
V
X B
45 The diagram shows a lamp and a resistor connected in a circuit. The lamp is too bright.
Which change to the circuit will decrease the current in the lamp and make it less bright?
A connecting another resistor in parallel with the one in the circuit

B connecting another resistor in series with the one in the circuit
C exchanging the positions of the lamp and the resistor in the circuit
D increasing the e.m.f. of the battery in the circuit
46 Which statement is not correct for lamps connected in parallel?
A They can be switched on and off separately.

B They will remain bright if another lamp is connected in parallel.
C They share the supply voltage equally between them.
D They still operate if one lamp is removed.
47 A student connects a large capacitance, and a
resistor R, with a high
The switch is closed. The reading on the voltmeter P rises immediately to a maximum value, then
starts to fall gradually.
R V P
C V Q
What happens to the reading on the voltmeter Q and what happens to the energy stored in the
capacitor?
48 The diagram shows a circuit containing three lamps and three switches S1, S2 and S3.
lamp 1
S1 S2
lamp 2
S3
lamp 3
Lamp 1 and lamp 3 are lit, but lamp 2 is not lit.
Which switch or switches is/are closed?
A S1 only
B S1 and S2
C S1 and S3
D S2 and S3
49 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the resistance of a resistor R. She takes a
series of readings of potential difference (p.d.) and current, and plots a graph of her results.
Which circuit should she use?
A B
A A
R R
C D
A V A
R R
V
50 The diagram shows a torch containing two cells, a switch and a lamp.
cells
plastic
case
brass
connecting switch
strip lamp
Which is the circuit diagram for the torch?
A B C D
51 An engineer uses the potential divider shown in the diagram. He needs the output voltage to be
one tenth ( 101 ) of the input voltage.
input
voltage
output
Y
voltage
Which pair of values could he use for the two resistors X and Y?
52 A circuit contains four ammeters A, B, C and D, and three resistors with different values.
Which ammeter shows the largest reading?
A A D
10 Ω
A
B A
20 Ω
30 Ω
A
C
53 Which circuit could be used to determine the resistance of the resistor R?
A B
V A
R R
A
C D
V A
R R
V
54 The diagram shows an electrical circuit.
L M
N
P O
Between which two points must a voltmeter be connected to find the potential difference across
the bell?
A L and M B M and N C N and O D O and P
55 The reading on the ammeter in the circuit is 1.0 A.
A second ammeter is connected in the circuit. It also reads 1.0 A.
At which labelled point is it connected?
1.0 A A
A
D
B C
56 The circuit shows a battery and four lamps. All the lamps are lit.
One lamp fails and all the lamps go out.
Which lamp failed?
A
B
D
C
57 An electric current can produce a heating effect and a magnetic effect.
Which row shows the effect that a relay uses, together with one application of a relay?
effect used by a relay one application of a relay
A heating effect allowing a small current to switch on a large current

B heating effect changing the voltage of an alternating current
C magnetic effect allowing a small current to switch on a large current
D magnetic effect changing the voltage of an alternating current
58 A student investigates a circuit that contains two parallel resistors. The circuit includes meters R,
S and T which are all connected correctly.
S T
resistors
Which types of meter are R, S and T?
59 A circuit contains the component shown by the following symbol.
Which change would the component detect?
A change in
A light level.
B potential difference.
C radioactivity.
D temperature.
60 The diagram shows a circuit which includes a switch and a capacitor.
capacitor
P
switch
What happens to the capacitor when the switch is at P and when it is at Q?
61 The circuit diagram shows a cell connected to three identical lamps X, Y and Z. All the lamps are
lit.
X Z
Lamp Y is removed by unscrewing it from its holder.
What happens to lamp Z?
A It goes out completely.

B It becomes dimmer but stays lit.
C It stays the same brightness.
D It becomes brighter.
62 When the thermistor in the circuit below is heated, the current in the lamp increases.
Why does this happen?
A The resistance of the lamp decreases.

B The resistance of the lamp increases.
C The resistance of the thermistor decreases.
D The resistance of the thermistor increases.
63 A student connects various resistors in parallel pairs.
Underneath each diagram is a statement about the total resistance of each pair of resistors.
Which statement is correct?
A B
2Ω 5Ω
2Ω 1Ω
The total resistance is 4 Ω. The total resistance is between 1 Ω and 5 Ω.
C D
10 Ω 20 Ω
5Ω 10 Ω
The total resistance is less than 5 Ω. The total resistance is more than 20 Ω.
64 The circuit shown contains a relay.
Both lamps are initially off.
lamp 2
switch S
relay
lamp 1
When switch S is closed, the relay operates. What is the state of the lamps?
lamp 1 lamp 2
A on on
B on off
C off on
D off off
65 The diagram shows an electrical component.
What is it?
A a capacitor
B a light-dependent resistor
C a thermistor
D a variable resistor
66 The diagram shows a circuit.
What should be increased to increase the current in the circuit?
A the e.m.f. of the battery

B the length of the connecting wires
C the resistance of the resistor
D the temperature of the resistor
67 The circuit shown in the diagram contains an unknown component X, hidden in a box.
The voltage-current graph for X is as shown.
variable voltage supply

+ –
voltage
X
0
V 0 current
What is the component X?
A a capacitor
B a closed switch
C an open switch
D a resistor of constant resistance
68 Which circuit contains a fuse?
A B
C D
69 A thermistor is used in a circuit to control a piece of equipment automatically.
What might this circuit be used for?
A lighting an electric lamp as it becomes darker

B ringing an alarm bell if a locked door is opened
C switching on a water heater at a pre-determined time
D turning on an air conditioner when the temperature rises
70 A student connects a variable potential divider (potentiometer) circuit.
R
V
T
12 V
What happens to the reading on the voltmeter as the sliding terminal T is moved from R to S?
A It decreases from 12 V to 0 V.
B It increases from 0 V to 12 V.
C It remains at 0 V.
D It remains at 12 V.
71 A relay is used to operate a large electric motor using a switch some distance from the motor.
switch
relay
M motor
What is the purpose of the relay?
A to allow a large current in the relay coil to control a smaller current in the motor
B to allow a small current in the relay coil to control a larger current in the motor
C to allow the current in the relay coil to pass to the motor
D to disconnect the battery from the motor automatically if too much current flows
72 The circuit diagram includes two resistors connected in parallel.
wire P wire S
A wire Q 2Ω
4Ω
wire R
A The current in wire P is equal to the current in wire Q.

B The current in wire Q is equal to the current in wire R.
C The current in wire R is equal to the current in wire S.
D The current in wire S is equal to the current in wire P.
73 A circuit is connected for use as a potential divider.
X 10 Ω
12 V
Y V
The resistance of resistor X is 10 Ω.
When the resistance of the variable resistor Y is 20 Ω, what is the reading on the voltmeter?
A 4.0 V B 6.0 V C 8.0 V D 12 V
74 Which circuit includes a capacitor and what does the capacitor do in this circuit?
what the
circuit
capacitor does
A potential divider stores current

B potential divider stores energy
C time delay stores current
D time delay stores energy
75 A student sets up the circuit shown. The switch is open (off).
Which lamps are on and which lamps are off?
lamp X lamp Y lamp Z
A off off off

B on off off
C on off on
D on on on
76 The diagram shows a thermistor in a potential divider. A voltmeter is connected across the
thermistor.
resistance
temperature
77 The diagram shows a lamp in a circuit.
Which change to the circuit would increase the current in the lamp?
A adding another resistor in parallel with the one in the circuit

B adding another resistor in series with the one in the circuit
C decreasing the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery in the circuit
D moving the lamp to point P in the circuit
78 The diagram shows an electric circuit containing three meters, X, Y and Z, all connected
correctly.
X Z
What are meters X, Y and Z?
79 The diagrams show four arrangements of resistors.
Which arrangement has the smallest total resistance?
A B
4Ω 2Ω 2Ω
C D
4Ω
4Ω 4Ω
4Ω
80 The diagram shows a potential divider circuit with two identical lamps L1 and L2.
X L1
K
Y L2
The contact K is halfway between X and Y and the lamps are equally bright.
What will happen to the brightness of the lamps when contact K is moved a short distance
towards X?
81 A cell is connected to a lamp, as shown.
– +
A charge of 4.0 C flows through the lamp in 2.0 s.
What is the direction of the electron flow in the lamp and what is the current in the lamp?
direction of electron
current / A
flow in lamp
A from left to right 2.0

B from left to right 8.0
C from right to left 2.0
D from right to left 8.0
82 The four circuits shown all include an a.c. power supply, two diodes and a lamp.
In which circuit is there a rectified current in the lamp?
A B
C D
83 The diagram shows part of a circuit used to switch street lamps on and off automatically.
LDR
In the evening it gets dark.
Which row shows the effect on the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR) and on the
potential difference (p.d.) across it?
circuit.
position operation

85 A wire has a certain electrical resistance.
The diameter and length of the wire may be changed.
Which pair of changes must cause the resistance of the wire to increase?
86 P and Q are the circuit symbols for two electrical components.
P Q
Which components are represented by P and by Q?
87 The diagram shows a battery connected to two resistors.
Four students separately measure the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery, the current in
the resistors, and the potential difference (p.d.) across resistor R.
Their results are shown in the table below.
Which row shows values with their correct units?
e.m.
e. current p.
A 3.0 A 0.3 V 1. A
B 3.0 A 0.3 A 1. V
C 3.0 V 0.3 V 1. A
D 3.0 V 0.3 A 1. V
88 A3.0 Ω resistor and a 6.0 Ω resistor are connected in parallel.
3.0 Ω
6.0 Ω
What is their combined resistance?
A 0.50 Ω B 2.0 Ω C 4.5 Ω D 9.0 Ω
circuit.
position operation

90 Which circuit shows the directions of the conventional current I and the flow of electrons?
A B
I electrons I electrons
C D
I electrons I electrons
91 Four lamps are each labelled 240 V.
In which circuit do all four lamps have normal brightness?
A B
240 V 240 V
C D
240 V 240 V
92 A battery charger plugs into a 230 V a.c. supply. The charger is used to charge a 6.0 V d.c.
battery.
The charger contains diodes and a transformer.
What is the purpose of these components?
diodes transformer
A rectify the a.c. steps down the voltage

B rectify the a.c. steps up the voltage
C step down the voltage rectifies the a.c.
D step up the voltage rectifies the a.c.
93 The diagram shows a potential divider connected to two voltmeters P and Q.
V voltmeter P
V voltmeter Q
The resistance of the variable resistor is decreased.
Which row shows what happens to the reading on each voltmeter?
94 The diagram shows part of an electrical circuit.
3.0 A 4.0 Ω
A
2.0 Ω
The current in the 4.0 Ω resistor is 3.0 A.
What is the current in the ammeter?
A 4.5 A
B 6.0 A
C 9.0 A
D 12.0 A
95 The circuit diagram shows a thermistor in a potential divider. A voltmeter is connected across the
thermistor.
resistance
temperature
resistance voltmeter reading
1 A
2 D
1 A polythene rod is rubbed with a cloth.
polythene rod
cloth
The rod and the cloth both become charged as electrons move between them.
The rod becomes negatively charged.
Which diagram shows how the rod becomes negatively charged, and the final charge on the
cloth?
A B
electron electron
– – movement – – movement
– –
– –
– – + + + – – + + +
– – – + + + – – – + + +
+ +
+ + + +
C D
electron electron
– – movement – – movement
– –
– –
– – – – – – – – – –
– – – – – – – – – – – –
– –
– – – –
2 A wire has a certain electrical resistance.
The diameter and length of the wire may be changed.
Which pair of changes must cause the resistance of the wire to increase?
change of change of
diameter length
A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase
3 Which row describes the nature and a property of all β-particles?
nature property
A electrons can travel through a vacuum

B electrons stopped by a thin sheet of paper
C helium nuclei can travel through a vacuum
D helium nuclei stopped by a thin sheet of paper
4 A flexible electrical cable consists of a central conductor and outer insulation.
central outer
conductor insulation
Which pair of materials is suitable for the cable?
central conductor outer insulation
A copper plastic
B lead wood
C plastic copper
D wood lead
5 The diagram shows a battery connected to two resistors.
Four students separately measure the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery, the current in
the resistors, and the potential difference (p.d.) across resistor R.
Their results are shown in the table below.
Which row shows values with their correct units?
e.m.f. current p.d.
A 3.0 A 0.30 V 1.5 A

B 3.0 A 0.30 A 1.5 V
C 3.0 V 0.30 V 1.5 A

D 3.0 V 0.30 A 1.5 V
5 The table describes four different resistance wires. They are all made from the same metal.
Which wire has the smallest resistance?
length of diameter of
wire / m wire / mm
A 2.0 1.0
B 2.0 1.5
C 3.0 1.0
D 3.0 1.5
7 A polythene rod repels an inflated balloon hanging from a nylon thread.
Why do the rod and balloon repel?
A The rod and the balloon have opposite charges.

B The rod and the balloon have like charges.
C The rod is charged but the balloon is not.
D The balloon is charged but the rod is not.
8 A student uses a length of wire as a resistor. He makes a second resistor from the same material.
To be certain of making a second resistor of higher resistance, he should use a piece of wire that
is
A longer and thicker.

B longer and thinner.
C shorter and thicker.
D shorter and thinner.
9 An electromagnet with a soft-iron core is connected to a battery and an open switch. The soft-iron
core is just above some small soft-iron nails.
electromagnet
soft-iron core
soft-iron nails
The switch is now closed, left closed for a few seconds, and then opened.
What do the soft-iron nails do as the switch is closed, and what do they do when the switch is
then opened?
as switch is closed as switch is opened
A nails jump up nails fall down

B nails jump up nails stay up
C nails stay down nails jump up
D nails stay down nails stay down
10 The diagram shows a piece of metal resistance wire.
Which wire, made of the same metal, has a smaller resistance?
A a wire of the same length with a larger diameter

B a wire of the same length with a smaller diameter
C a wire of greater length with the same diameter
D a wire of greater length with a smaller diameter
11 Which diagram shows the pattern of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid?
A B C
solenoid solenoid solenoid solenoid
12 A student has wires of different lengths and different diameters. The wires are all made of the
same metal.
The student measures the resistance of one wire.
Which wire has a greater resistance than the wire he has measured?
A a shorter wire with a larger diameter

B a shorter wire with the same diameter
C a wire of the same length with a larger diameter
D a wire of the same length with a smaller diameter
13 Diagram 1 shows two thin, uncharged strips of plastic.
Diagram 2 shows the same strips after they have been rubbed with a dry cloth.
strips
of plastic
diagram 1 diagram 2
Which row describes the charge on the strips after rubbing, and the force between the strips after
rubbing?
14 What is the unit of electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
A ampere
B newton
C ohm
D volt
15 Which sample of copper wire has the greatest electrical resistance?
length of wire / m diameter of wire / mm
A 1.0 2.0
B 1.0 4.0
C 10 2.0
D 10 4.0
16 Which row gives the unit for electromotive force (e.m.f.) and the unit for potential difference
(p.d.)?
electromotive potential
force difference
A newton joule
B newton volt
C volt joule
D volt volt
17 What is the unit of electrical power?
A ampere
B joule
C volt
D watt
18 Some resistors are made using one type of wire. Two different lengths of wire are available. Each
length is available in two different diameters.
Which wire has the highest resistance?
A the wire with the greater length and the larger diameter
B the wire with the greater length and the smaller diameter
C the wire with the smaller length and the larger diameter
D the wire with the smaller length and the smaller diameter
19 Four students are each given an identical resistor and asked to find its resistance. They each
measure the potential difference across the resistor and the current in it.
One student makes a mistake.
Which row shows the results of the student that makes a mistake?
potential difference / V current / A
A 1.2
.2 0.500
B 2.4
.4 1.100
C 1.5
.5 0.625
D 3.0
.0 1.250
20 Two plastic rods P and Q are both negatively charged. Rod P hangs freely.
Y
X
rod P
rod Q
The end of rod Q is brought near to end X of rod P, and then near to end Y of rod P.
What happens to the rods in each position?
near end X near end Y
A they attract they attract

B they attract they repel
C they repel they attract
D they repel they repel
21 A student has four pieces of resistance wire made of the same material. Each piece is connected
in turn between the terminals X and Y in the circuit.
X Y
In which wire is the current the largest?
22 A plastic rod is rubbed with a cotton cloth. This process causes the rod and the cloth to become
charged. These charges cause a force between the rod and the cloth.
Which row compares the charges on the rod and the cloth, and describes the effect of the force
between the rod and the cloth?
charges on rod
effect
and cloth
A opposite
pposi attract
B opposite
pposi repel
C the same they attract
D the same they repel
23 A metal wire of circular cross-section has diameter d and length l.
current
wire
Which pair of changes, if both are carried out, must increase the resistance of the wire?
A decrease l and decrease d

B decrease l and increase d
C increase l and decrease d
D increase l and increase d
24 T
he circuit shown contains a battery, a 6.0 Ω resistor and two meters X and Y.
One meter records current and one meter records potential difference.
meter X
6.0 Ω
meter Y
Which row shows possible values for the readings on the meters?
meter X meter Y
A 2.0 A 12 V
B 2.0 V 12 A
C 12 A 2.0 V
D 12 V 2.0 A
25 A teacher wishes to show the production of electrostatic charges.
She holds a rod and rubs it with a cotton cloth. A copper rod, a glass rod, a plastic rod and a steel
rod are available.
Which two rods would both be suitable to use?
A a copper rod and a glass rod

B a glass rod and a plastic rod
C a plastic rod and a copper rod
D a plastic rod and a steel rod
26 A battery is connected to two crocodile clips and a lamp.
There is a gap between the crocodile clips.
crocodile clips
Four cylinders W, X, Y and Z are made of the same metal but have different dimensions. The
cylinders are connected in turn, by their ends, between the crocodile clips. The diagrams of the
cylinders are all drawn to the same scale.
Which cylinder makes the lamp glow most brightly and which cylinder makes the lamp glow least
brightly?
most brightly least brightly
A W Y
B W Z
C X Y
D X Z
27 A plastic rod and a dry cloth are uncharged.
The rod is now rubbed with the cloth and they both become charged. The rod becomes
negatively charged because some charged particles move from the cloth to the rod.
What is the charge on the cloth and which particles moved in the charging process?
28 Two balloons, X and Y, are suspended by insulating threads. They are each held near a
negatively charged balloon. The balloons hang as shown.
insulating insulating
threads threads
– – ––
– – – – ––
– – X – – Y
– – – – – –
– – – –
What is the charge on balloon X and what is the charge on balloon Y?
29 Which quantities is a voltmeter used to measure?
A current and e.m.f. only

B current and p.d. only
C e.m.f. and p.d. only
D e.m.f., current and p.d
30 The diagram shows an incomplete circuit.
X Y
A
Four wires of different length and thickness are connected in turn between point X and point Y.
All four wires are made of the same metal.
Which wire will cause the greatest reading on the ammeter?
A long and thick

B long and thin
C short and thick
D short and thin
31 Which row gives the unit for energy and the unit for electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
32 The diagram shows a circuit with

Ω resistor
a 3.0 and a 2.0 Ω resistor connected in parallel.
6.0 V
A
3.0 Ω
2.0 Ω
The switch is open, and the ammeter reads 2.0 A.
The switch is now closed and the ammeter reads the total current in both resistors.
What is the ammeter reading with the switch closed?
A 1.2 A B 3.0 A C 4.0 A D 5.0 A
33 The diagram shows cables used in the transmission of electrical energy. High voltages are used
for the transmission.
transmission cables
power
station
Why are high voltages used for the transmission of electrical energy?
A Fear of high voltages stops people from interfering with the cables.
B Heat loss in the cables is smaller than if low voltages are used.
C High voltages increase the current in the cables.
D High voltages produce large magnetic fields, so less insulation is needed.
34 Four wires are made from the same material.
Which wire has the least resistance?
diameter of length of
wire / mm wire / cm
A 0.2 100
B 0.2 200
C 0.4 100
D 0.4 200
35 A 30 Ω resistor is connected in series with another resistor and a 6.0V battery. The current in the
circuit is 0.12 A. A voltmeter is connected across the other resistor.
6.0 V
0.12 A
30 Ω
A 2.4 V B 3.6 V C 6.0 V D 9.6 V
36 Three charged balls, P, Q and R are suspended by insulating threads. Ball P is negatively
charged.
Ball Q is brought close to ball P.
insulating thread
P – Q
Ball Q is now brought close to ball R.
Q R
What are the charges on ball Q and on ball R?
37 Which copper wire would have the smallest resistance?
A a long, thick wire

B a long, thin wire
C a short, thick wire
D a short, thin wire
38 Which group contains only good electrical conductors?
A air, carbon (graphite), plastic

B air, gold, mercury
C carbon (graphite), copper, mercury
D copper, gold, plastic
39 Which equation can be used to calculate the resistance R of a resistor?
A V=I÷R B I=V×R C R=V×I D V=I×R
40 A student wishes to measure first the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a battery, and then the
potential difference (p.d.) across a resistor.
She has the resistor, the battery and some connecting wires.
What else does she need?
A a force meter (newton meter) and a voltmeter

B an ammeter and a voltmeter
C an ammeter only
D a voltmeter only
41 Two similar balloons hang side by side, on insulating threads, a short distance apart. They are
both rubbed with the same dry cloth and become charged.
Which diagram shows how the balloons hang after charging?
A B C D
42 A negatively charged plastic rod P is placed above a positively charged plastic rod Q.
P
– – – – –
Q
+ + + + +
What are the directions of the electrostatic forces on rod P and on rod Q?
electrostatic force electrostatic force

on rod P on rod Q
A downwards downwards
B downwards upwards
C upwards downwards
D upwards upwards
43 In which unit is potential difference measured?
A ampere
B ohm
C volt
D watt
44 An ammeter and an 18 Ω resistor are connected in series with a battery. The reading on the
ammeter is 0.50 A. The resistance of the battery and the ammeter can be ignored.
18 Ω
What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery?
A 9.0 N B 9.0 V C 36 N D 36 V
45 A polythene rod repels an inflated balloon hanging from a nylon thread.
What charges must the rod and the balloon carry?
A The rod and the balloon carry opposite charges.

B The rod and the balloon carry like charges.
C The rod is charged but the balloon is not.
D The balloon is charged but the rod is not.
46 Which test could be used to find which end of a magnet is the north pole?
A putting it near a compass needle

B putting it near a ferrous metal
C putting it near a non-ferrous metal
D putting it near a steel spoon
47 Which symbols are used for the units of current and of resistance?
48 A negatively charged rod is held close to one side of a metal sphere. The other side of the sphere
is earthed.
Which diagram shows the distribution of charge on the metal sphere?
A B
– + –
–
– –– – – ––
– – – + –
C D
+ + +
+
– –– – –– +
– + + – +
49 The diagrams show four current-voltage graphs.
Which two graphs show the characteristics of an ohmic resistor and of a filament lamp?
W X Y Z
current current current current
0 0 0 0
0 voltage 0 voltage 0 voltage 0 voltage
50 A small potential difference V is applied across a filament lamp. The current I in the lamp is
measured. V is increased in stages and I is measured at each stage.
Which graph shows the results obtained?
A B C D
I I I I
0 0 0 0
0 V 0 V 0 V 0 V
51 A resistor of resistance R is connected to a battery of e.m.f. V.
There is a current I in the resistor.
Power P is dissipated by the resistor, and in time t the energy transferred is E.
Which expression is correct?
V
A E = IVt B E = PIt C P = VIR D P
R
52 Which produces an electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
A a battery
B a filament lamp
C a resistor
D a spring balance
53 The table describes four different resistance wires. They are all made from the same metal.
Which wire has the smallest resistance?
54 A positively charged plastic rod is placed just above a thick metal plate. The metal plate rests on
an insulator and is connected to the earth by a wire.
positive rod metal plate
+ + + + + +
earthing wire
insulator
A student disconnects the earthing wire and then removes the positively charged rod.
The experiment is repeated. This time the student removes the positively charged rod and then
removes the earthing wire.
A When the earthing wire is disconnected first, the metal plate becomes positively charged.
B When the earthing wire is disconnected first, the metal plate becomes negatively charged.
C When the plastic rod is removed first, the metal plate becomes positively charged.
D When the plastic rod is removed first, the metal plate becomes negatively charged.
55 The resistance of a wire depends on its length l and on its cross-sectional area A.
The resistance is
A directly proportional to l and directly proportional to A.

B directly proportional to l and inversely proportional to A.
C inversely proportional to l and directly proportional to A.
D inversely proportional to l and inversely proportional to A.
56 In the circuit shown, the ammeter reads 2.0 A and the voltmeter reads 12 V.
12 V
6.0 Ω
How much energy is transferred by the resistor in 10 seconds?
A 2.4 J
B 14.4 J
C 240 J
D 1440 J
1 B
2 B
3 A
4 A
5 D
6 B
7 B
8 B
9 A
10 A
11 D
12 D
13 D
14 D
15 C
16 D
17 D
18 B
19 B
20 D
21 B
22 A
23 C
24 A
25 B
26 C
27 C
28 B
29 C
30 C
31 B
32 D
33 B
34 C
35 A
36 C
37 C
38 C
39 D
40 D
41 B
42 B
43 C
44 B
45 B
46 A
47 B
48 D
49 B
50 A
51 A
52 A
53 B
54 B
55 B
56 C
1 A strong electromagnet is used to attract pins.
current core
coil
pins
What happens when the current in the coil is halved?
A No pins are attracted.

B Some pins are attracted, but not as many.
C The same number of pins is attracted.
D More pins are attracted.
2 The diagram shows a transformer.
input output
voltage voltage
primary coil secondary coil

800 turns 40 turns
The input voltage is 240 V.
What is the output voltage?
A 6.0 V B 12 V C 20 V D 40 V
3 A coil carries a current in a magnetic field. The coil experiences a turning effect.
Which device uses this effect?
A a d.c. motor
B an electromagnet
C a relay
D a transformer
4 A magnet is suspended from a spring so that it can move freely inside a stationary coil. The coil is
connected to a sensitive centre-zero galvanometer.
spring
moving magnet
N
S centre-zero
galvanometer
stationary coil
The magnet repeatedly moves slowly up and down.
What does the galvanometer show?
A a constantly changing reading

B a steady reading to the left
C a steady reading to the right
D a steady reading of zero
5 A transformer has 50 turns on its primary coil and 100 turns on its secondary coil. An alternating
voltage of 25.0 V is connected across the primary coil.
25.0 V

50 turns 100 turns
What is the voltage across the secondary coil?
A 12.5 V B 50.0 V C 100 V D 200 V
6 A wire is placed between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. There is a current in the wire in the
direction shown, and this causes a force to act on the wire.
magnet
current
N
wire S
force
Three other arrangements, P, Q and R, of the wire and magnet are set up as shown.
P Q R
S N S
N S N
magnet turned around current direction reversed current direction reversed

and magnet turned around
Which arrangement or arrangements will cause a force in the same direction as the original
arrangement?
A P, Q and R B P and Q only C P only D R only
7 In the circuit shown, only one of the fuses has blown, but none of the lamps is lit.
Which fuse has blown?
power
supply
B C
D
8 What is an advantage of transmitting electricity at a high voltage?
A It is faster.
B It is safer.
C Less energy is wasted.
D Less equipment is needed.
9 An e.m.f. is induced across a wire when it moves through the magnetic field between the poles of
a magnet.
Which electrical device operates because of this effect?
A a battery
B a cathode-ray tube
C a generator
D a motor
10 The diagram shows a flat, rectangular coil placed between the poles of a magnet.
There is a current in the coil that makes it turn in the direction shown in the diagram.
direction
coil of turning
N S
current
Which change would make the coil turn in the opposite direction?
A decreasing the current in the coil

B increasing the number of turns on the coil
C reversing both the direction of the current in the coil and the poles of the magnet
D reversing only the direction of the current in the coil
11 A transformer has 1000 turns on its primary coil. An input voltage of 12 V is applied to the primary
coil, and an output voltage of 120 V is induced across the secondary coil.
primary coil
1000 turns secondary coil
input voltage output voltage

12 V 120 V
How many turns are on the secondary coil of the transformer?
A 100 B 120 C 1000 D 10 000
12 Which diagram represents the voltage output of a simple a.c. generator?
A B
voltage voltage
0 0
time time
C D
voltage voltage
0 0
time time
13 A step-up transformer is used before electricity is transmitted by overhead cables.

Which statement explains why the step-up transformer is used?
A It increases the current to increase the speed at which the electricity travels.
B It increases the current to reduce energy loss in the cables.
C It increases the voltage to increase the speed at which the electricity travels.
D It increases the voltage to reduce energy loss in the cables.
14 A current-carrying wire XY lies in the magnetic field between the two poles of a U-shaped
electromagnet. A force acts on the wire XY because of the magnetic field.
electromagnet
current-carrying wire
X
Each of the following actions is carried out separately.
● The current in the wire XY is reversed.

● The magnetic field is reversed.
● Both the current in the wire XY and the magnetic field are reversed at the same
time.
How many of these actions cause the direction of the force on the wire XY to be reversed?
A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3
15 A current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect.

power supply
+ –
N S
coil
How can the turning effect be increased?
A Increase the number of turns on the coil.

B Reduce the size of the current.
C Reverse the direction of the magnetic field.
D Use thinner wire for the coil.
16 A transformer has 2400 turns on its primary coil and 200 turns on its secondary coil.
2400 turns 200 turns
output voltage 240 V
What input voltage is needed to give an output voltage of 240 V?
A 12 V B 20 V C 240 V D 2880 V
17 A student investigates electromagnetic induction. She has a bar magnet and a coil of wire that is
connected to a sensitive ammeter.
sensitive ammeter
A
N S
coil of wire magnet
Which movement does not cause a reading on the ammeter?
A moving the coil to the right

B moving both the magnet and the coil to the left at the same speed
C moving both the magnet and the coil towards each other at the same speed
D moving the magnet to the left
18 Which device uses slip rings?
A a d.c. electric motor

B a relay
C a transformer
D an a.c. generator
19 The diagram shows a coil of wire connected to a voltmeter.
coil of wire
A student has a magnet and an unmagnetised iron rod.
How can an e.m.f. be induced across the coil?
A holding the magnet inside the coil

B holding the iron rod inside the coil
C pushing the magnet into the coil
D pushing the iron rod into the coil
20 A step-down transformer is used to light a 12 V lamp from a 240 V mains supply. The lamp lights
at normal brightness. The primary coil has 600 turns.

600 turns
240 V 12 V lamp
How many turns are in the secondary coil?
A 12 B 20 C 30 D 50
21 A steel magnet is placed inside a coil of wire. There is a large alternating current in the coil. The
magnet is slowly moved out of the coil to position P.
coil of wire
steel magnet moved

out of coil P
12 V a.c.
How has the steel changed, if at all, when it reaches position P?
A It has become a stronger magnet.

B It has become demagnetised.
C The poles have changed ends.
D There has been no change.
22 An electric current is passed through a coil of wire.
coil of wire
Which diagram shows the shape of the magnetic field produced in the middle of the coil?
A B
C D
23 When a wire is moved upwards between the poles of a magnet, an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is
induced across the ends of the wire.
motion
of wire
N wire
Which device uses a moving wire to induce an e.m.f.?
A a cathode-ray tube
B a generator
C a transformer
D an electromagnet
24 An input voltage of 10 V is supplied to the primary coil of a transformer. An output voltage of 40 V

is produced across the secondary coil.
The 10 V supply at the primary coil is now replaced with a 40 V supply.
What is the new output voltage across the secondary coil?
A 10 V B 40 V C 70 V D 160 V
25 A metal wire is placed between the poles of a magnet.
The wire can be moved in each of three directions OP, QR and ST.
metal wire
O R
N pole S pole
S T
Q
P
In which direction or directions must the wire be moved to induce an e.m.f. across the ends of the
wire?
A OP only B OP or ST C QR D ST only
26 A transformer has 100 turns on its primary coil and 25 turns on its secondary coil. The primary
coil is connected to a 12 V a.c. supply.
100 25
turns turns
primary coil
12 V secondary coil
What is the voltage induced across the secondary coil?
A 3.0 V B 4.0 V C 48 V D 300 V
27 An input voltage of 10 V is supplied to the primary coil of a transformer. An output voltage of 40 V

is produced across the secondary coil.
The 10 V supply at the primary coil is now replaced with a 40 V supply.
What is the new output voltage across the secondary coil?
A 10 V B 40 V C 70 V D 160 V
28 An engineer uses the potential divider shown in the diagram. He needs the output voltage to be
one tenth ( 101 ) of the input voltage.
input
voltage
output
Y
voltage
Which pair of values could he use for the two resistors X and Y?
X / kΩ Y / kΩ
A 1.0 9.0
B 1.0 10.0
C 9.0 1.0
D 10.0 1.0
29 The diagram shows cables used in the transmission of electrical energy. High voltages are used
for the transmission.
transmission cables
power
station
Why are high voltages used for the transmission of electrical energy?
A Fear of high voltages stops people from interfering with the cables.
B Heat loss in the cables is smaller than if low voltages are used.
C High voltages increase the current in the cables.
D High voltages produce large magnetic fields, so less insulation is needed.
30 Which diagram shows the magnetic field pattern around a wire that is carrying a current
perpendicular to the page?
A B C D
wire wire
31 The diagram shows a simple transformer with an input of 240 V and an output of 40 V.
There are 600 turns on the primary coil.
600
input 240 V 40 V output
turns
How many turns are there on the secondary coil?
A 100 B 320 C 400 D 3600
32 A solenoid is connected to a very sensitive ammeter. A rod is inserted into one end of the
solenoid. The ammeter shows that there is a small electric current in the circuit while the rod is
moving.
solenoid
rod
Which rod is being inserted?
A a heated copper rod

B a magnetised steel rod
C an uncharged nylon rod
D a radioactive uranium rod
33 The diagram shows the structure of a transformer.
core
primary coil
Which row shows a suitable material for the primary coil and a suitable material for the core?
34 Two soft-iron rods are placed end to end inside a coil which is connected to a battery.
coil
soft-iron rod soft-iron rod
The connections from the battery to the coil are now reversed.
What happens to the soft-iron rods in each case?
battery connections battery connections

as shown reversed
A rods attract rods attract

B rods attract rods repel
C rods repel rods attract
D rods repel rods repel
35 The diagram shows a mains transformer that has an output voltage of 12 V.
coil with
1000 turns soft-iron core
240 V a.c. 12 V a.c.

input output
How many turns of wire are in the secondary coil?
A 12 B 20 C 50 D 20 000
36 The diagram shows an experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction.
X
A
wire
N S
X and Y are joined, in turn, by four wires, each made of a different material.
Each wire is then moved quickly downwards between the magnets.
Which material will not give rise to an induced current in the wire?
A aluminium
B copper
C iron
D nylon
37 A toy railway engine is driven around a track by a d.c. electric motor.
How can the speed of the motor be increased?
A Use a motor made with fewer turns of wire.

B Use a smaller d.c. voltage.
C Use a stronger magnet in the motor.
D Use the supply with its connections reversed.
38 Which diagram shows a movement that will not produce the changing magnetic field needed to
induce an e.m.f. in the coil?
N S
A moving a magnet and a coil towards each other
at the same speed
N S
moving a magnet and a coil in the same direction
B at the same speed
N S
C moving a magnet away from a fixed coil
N S
D moving a coil away from a fixed magnet
39 The diagram shows a simple d.c. electric motor which is rotating.
coil
magnet S N magnet
Which change will make the motor rotate more quickly?
A increasing the number of turns on the coil

B removing the magnets
C reversing the battery
D reversing the polarity of the magnets
40 A transformer is needed to convert a supply of 240 V a.c. into 4800 V a.c.
NP NS
240 V a.c. 4800 V a.c.
Which pair of coils would be suitable for this transformer?
number of turns number of turns

on primary coil NP on secondary coil NS
A 50 1000
B 240 48 000
C 480 24
D 2000 100
core
wire coil
Which materials are suitable to use in its construction?
42 The direction of the current flowing in a straight wire X is into the paper.
Which diagram shows the shape of the magnetic field pattern around the wire?
A B C
X X X X
43 A metal rod PQ rests on two horizontal metal wires that are attached to a battery. The rod lies
between the poles of a magnet.
magnet
N
Q metal rod
magnet
When the switch is closed, the rod moves to the right.
What could be changed so that the rod moves to the left?
A Open the switch.

B Reverse the battery terminals and exchange the poles of the magnet.
C Reverse the battery terminals but without exchanging the poles of the magnet.
D Turn the metal rod around (P and Q exchanged).
44 The diagram shows a coil connected to a battery and a switch. Two unmagnetised iron bars hang
freely near opposite ends of the coil.
coil
X Y
iron bar iron bar
What happens to the iron bars when the switch is closed?
A Both X and Y move away from the coil.

B Both X and Y move towards the coil.
C X moves towards the coil, Y moves away from the coil.
D Y moves towards the coil, X moves away from the coil.
45 A wire passes between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. There is a current in the wire in the
direction shown, and this causes a force to act on the wire.
magnet
current
N
wire S
force
Three other arrangements, P, Q and R, of the wire and magnet are set up as shown.
P Q R
S N S
N S N
magnet turned around current direction reversed current direction reversed

and magnet turned around
Which arrangement or arrangements will cause a force in the same direction as the original
arrangement?
A P, Q and R B P and Q only C P only D R only
46 The diagram shows a transformer. The input voltage and the number of turns on each coil are
shown.
400 turns on 800 turns on

200 V
a.c.
A 100 V B 200 V C 400 V D 800 V
47 Which device uses slip rings?
A a cathode-ray tube
B a d.c. motor
C an a.c. generator
D a solenoid
48 Which graph shows how the output voltage varies with time for a simple a.c. generator?
A B
voltage voltage
0 0
time time
C D
voltage voltage
0 0
time time
49 A magnet is suspended from a spring so that it can move freely inside a coil. The coil is
connected to a sensitive centre-zero ammeter.
spring
moving magnet
N
centre-zero ammeter
stationary coil S
What does the ammeter show when the magnet repeatedly moves slowly up and down?
A a reading constantly changing from left to right and right to left

B a steady reading to the left
C a steady reading to the right
50 The diagram shows a simple step-down transformer used to decrease a voltage.
Which part is the primary coil?
B C D
51 Which diagram represents the direction of the magnetic field around a straight wire carrying a
current out of the page?
A B
current out
of page
C D
current out
of page
52 The diagram shows an a.c. generator.
rotation
of coil
coil
N S
output voltage
With the coil in the position shown, the output voltage is +10 V.
When does the output voltage become –10 V?
A when the coil has turned 90°
B when the coil has turned 180°
C when the coil has turned 270°
D when the coil has turned 360°
53 The diagram shows a simple transformer.
core
input output
From which material should the core be made?
A aluminium
B copper
C iron
D steel
54 What is an electric field?
A a region around a wire carrying an electric current in which a compass needle experiences a
force
B a region in which an electric charge experiences a force
C a region in which an electric charge is attracted by the Earth’s gravity
D a region through which electromagnetic radiation is passing
55 A strong electromagnet is used to attract pins.
current core
coil
pins
What happens when the current in the coil is halved?
A No pins are attracted.

B Some pins are attracted, but not as many.
C The same number of pins is attracted.
D More pins are attracted.
input output
voltage voltage

800 turns 40 turns
The input voltage is 240 V.
A 6.0 V B 12 V C 20 V D 40 V
57 The diagram shows a shaded area where the direction of a magnetic field is into the page.
A beam of β-particles enters the field as shown.
magnetic field
into the page
beam of
β-particles
In which direction is the beam of β-particles deflected as they enter the magnetic field?
A into the page

B out of the page
C down the page
D up the page
58 An electron moves into a uniform magnetic field.
The arrow shows the initial direction of motion of the electron.
The direction of the magnetic field is into the plane of the page (away from you).
uniform
magnetic field
electron
In which direction does a force act on the electron when it enters the magnetic field?
A into the page

B out of the page
C towards the bottom of the page
D towards the top of the page
59 The diagram shows an a.c. generator.
rotation
of coil
coil
N S
output voltage
As the coil passes through the position shown, the output voltage is +10 V.
When does the output voltage become –10 V?
A when the coil has turned through 90°
B when the coil has turned through 180°
C when the coil has turned through 270°
D when the coil has turned through 360°
60 A solenoid is connected in series with a sensitive ammeter. The N pole of a magnet is placed
next to one end of the solenoid, marked X.
solenoid
N X
magnet
First, the N pole of the magnet is pushed towards X, then the magnet is pulled away from X.
During both stages the ammeter deflects.
Which type of magnetic pole is induced at X during these two stages?
as N pole moves as N pole moves away

towards X from X
A N pole N pole
B N pole S pole
C S pole N pole
D S pole S pole
soft-iron core
primary secondary
coil coil
Which row describes the magnetic field in the soft-iron core and the magnetic field in the
secondary coil when the transformer is operating?
magnetic field
in soft-iron core in secondary coil
A changing changing
B changing constant
C constant changing
D constant constant
62 The diagram shows a wire placed between two magnetic poles of equal strength.
A current passes through the wire in the direction shown. The current causes a downward force
on the wire.
wire
direction
of force
direction
of current
What is the arrangement of the magnetic poles?
S N
A
N S
B
N N
C
S S
D
1 B
2 B
3 A
4 A
5 B
6 D
7 A
8 C
9 C
10 D
11 D
12 B
13 D
14 C
15 A
16 D
17 B
18 D
19 C
20 C
21 B
22 A
23 B
24 D
25 A
26 A
27 D
28 C
29 B
30 B
31 A
32 B
33 B
34 A
35 C
36 D
37 C
38 B
39 A
40 A
41 B
42 A
43 C
44 B
45 D
46 C
47 C
48 C
49 A
50 D
51 D
52 B
53 C
54 B
55 B
56 B
57 C
58 C
59 B
60 B
61 A
62 A
1 Which statement about a magnet is correct?
A A magnet attracts a gold rod.

B A magnet does not attract a plastic rod.
C A magnet never repels another magnet.
D A magnet sometimes repels an unmagnetised nickel rod.
2 A student wishes to make a permanent magnet. She has an iron rod and a steel rod.
Which rod should she use to make the permanent magnet, and is this rod a hard magnetic
material or a soft magnetic material?
type of magnetic
rod
material
A iron hard
B iron soft
C steel hard
D steel soft
3 Two nickel bars are placed close to the N-pole of a bar magnet.
The nickel bars become magnetised.
magnet
nickel bars
S N P Q
Which row states the pole induced at P, the pole induced at Q, and the type of magnetic
force between P and Q?
pole induced pole induced force between

at P at Q P and Q
A N S attraction
B N S repulsion
C S N attraction
D S N repulsion
type of magnetic
rod
material
A iron hard
B iron soft
C steel hard
D steel soft
5 Which statement about magnetism is correct?
A An unmagnetised iron bar becomes magnetised when it is placed near a magnet.

B An unmagnetised steel bar can be magnetised by passing a current through it.
C The direction of magnetic field lines is from an S-pole to an N-pole.
D The N-poles of two magnets attract each other.
6 In which pair are both materials magnetic?

A aluminium and copper
B copper and iron
C iron and steel
D steel and aluminium
7 The diagram shows the magnetic field around two bar magnets.
Which diagram shows the poles of the magnets?
A N S N S
B N S S N
C S N N S
D S N S N
8 The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to make a magnet.
power supply
metal
coil
Which metal and which power supply are used to make a permanent magnet?
metal
etal p supply
A iron 6 V a.c.
B iron 6 V d.c.
C steel 6 V a.c.
D steel 6 V d.c.
9 A wire perpendicular to the page carries an electric current in a direction out of the page. There
are four compasses near the wire.
Which compass shows the direction of the magnetic field caused by the current?
B
A C
wire with
current out
of page
10 A man holding a starting pistol stands 640 m away from a spectator.
640 m
spectator
The spectator hears the sound of the starting pistol 2.0 s after seeing the flash from the pistol.
Using this information, what is the speed of sound in air?
A 160 m / s B 320 m / s C 640 m / s D 1280 m / s
11 Which group contains only non-ferrous metals?
A aluminium, brass, iron

B brass, copper, lead
C copper, iron, steel
D copper, lead, steel
12 An electromagnet with a soft-iron core is connected to a battery and an open switch. The soft-iron
core is just above some small soft-iron nails.
electromagnet
soft-iron core
soft-iron nails
The switch is now closed, left closed for a few seconds, and then opened.
What do the soft-iron nails do as the switch is closed, and what do they do when the switch is
then opened?
as switch is closed as switch is opened
A nails jump up nails fall down

B nails jump up nails stay up
C nails stay down nails jump up
D nails stay down nails stay down
13 Which action will demagnetise a magnetised piece of steel?
A Cool it in a freezer for several hours.

B Hit it repeatedly with a hammer.
C Put it in a coil carrying a direct current (d.c.).
D Put it near an unmagnetised piece of iron.
14 A student investigates the force on a bar magnet placed near a current-carrying coil. She carries
out three different experiments.
N S N S S N
magnet
attracted
to coil
experiment 1 experiment 2 experiment 3
In experiment 1, the magnet is attracted to the coil.
Which row shows what happens in the other two experiments?
experiment 2 experiment 3
A magnet attracted magnet attracted

B magnet attracted magnet repelled
C magnet repelled magnet attracted
D magnet repelled magnet repelled
15 Three cores of different metals, P, Q and R, are placed inside identical coils of wire.
At least one of the metals is non-ferrous.
The cores are held above some iron nails.
The three diagrams below show what happens when there is a current in the coils.
coil
+ + +
– – –
core
P Q R
iron
nails
The three diagrams below show what happens when the current is then switched off.
+ + +
– – –
P Q R
Which row identifies whether the core metals are ferrous or non-ferrous?
ferrous non-ferrous
A P Q and R
B P and Q R
C Q and R P
D R P and Q
16 Which row states whether each metal is ferrous or non-ferrous?
17 Which procedure may be used to demagnetise a steel bar?

A cooling it in a freezer for several hours
B earthing it with a copper wire for several seconds
C removing it slowly from a coil carrying an alternating current (a.c.)
D rubbing it in one direction with a woollen cloth
18 Which statement about a permanent bar magnet is correct?
A It is made from a soft magnetic material.

B It repels a non-magnetic material.
C Its field lines cross each other where the magnetic field is strong.
D Its N-pole repels the N-pole of another magnet.
19 Which metal could be used for a permanent magnet and which metal could be used for the core
of an electromagnet?
20 Which metal is suitable to use to make a permanent magnet?
A aluminium
B brass
C iron
D steel
21 The diagram shows two magnets and two iron rods placed in a line.
N S J N S K
magnet iron magnet iron
rod rod
Which magnetic poles are induced at the ends J and K of the iron rods?
22 Two iron nails hang from a bar magnet.
Which diagram shows the magnetic poles induced in the nails?
A B C D
bar N N N N
magnet
S S S S
N S N S
S N S N
N N S S
S S N N
23 Which row correctly shows whether copper and steel are ferrous or non-ferrous?
24 The ends of three metal rods are tested by holding end Q of rod 1 close to the others in turn.
R T
Q S U
rod 1 rod 2 rod 3
The results are as follows.
End Q: attracts end R,

attracts end S,
attracts end T,
repels end U.
Which of the metal rods is a magnet?
A rod 1 only
B rod 1 and rod 2
C rod 1 and rod 3
D rod 3 only
25 A permanent magnet is made from metal and an electromagnet uses a metal core.
Which metal is suitable for each of these purposes?
26 The diagram shows two bar magnets, stored with metal keepers across the ends. The keepers
help to keep the magnets magnetised.
magnet
keeper keeper
magnet
The material used for the keepers becomes strongly magnetised when placed in contact with the
magnets, but does not remain magnetised when taken away from the magnets.
What is a suitable metal to use for the magnets and what is a suitable metal to use for the
keepers?
27 The diagram shows a thin copper wire in a magnetic field. The current in the wire is from right to
left. This causes an upward force on the wire.
current
force on wire
The direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field are both reversed.
In which direction does the force act on the wire, after these changes are made?
A downwards
B into the page
C out of the page
D upwards
28 Which statement about magnetism is correct?
A Aluminium is a ferrous metal.

B A steel magnet can be demagnetised by heating it.
C The core of an electromagnet is usually made of steel.
D The magnetic field lines around a bar magnet are evenly spaced.
29 An electromagnet is used to separate magnetic metals from non-magnetic metals.
Why is steel not suitable as the core of the electromagnet?
A It forms a permanent magnet.

B It has a high density.
C It has a high thermal capacity.
D It is a good conductor of electricity.
30 An old and expensive steel watch becomes magnetised.
The owner wants to use the watch again. He must demagnetise the watch.
What is the best method to do this?
A Heat it until it glows red hot.

B Pass direct current though it.
C Place it in a plastic bag and put the bag in hot water for several hours.
D Place it in a solenoid that carries alternating current and then slowly remove it.
31 A hard magnetic material can be used to make a permanent magnet.
A soft magnetic material can be used to make a temporary magnet.
Which row shows whether iron and steel are hard or soft magnetic materials?
iron steel
A hard hard
B hard soft
C soft hard
D soft soft
32 How can a permanent magnet be demagnetised?
A cool the magnet for a long time

B hit the magnet repeatedly with a hammer
C leave the magnet in a coil which is connected to a battery
D shine bright light onto the magnet
33 In which pair are both metals ferrous?

B aluminium and steel
C copper and iron
D iron and steel
34 Which statement describes a property of a magnet?
A It attracts ferrous materials.

B It could have only one pole (north or south).
C It points in a random direction when suspended.
D It repels non-ferrous materials.
35 Which procedure may be used to demagnetise a steel bar?
A cooling it in a freezer
B earthing it with a copper wire
C placing it in a solenoid carrying a large direct current (d.c.)
D striking it repeatedly with a hammer
36 The diagram shows a magnet being brought near to an unmagnetised iron bar. This causes the
iron bar to become magnetised.
N magnet S X iron bar
Which magnetic pole is induced at X and how is the iron bar affected?
pole induced effect on iron bar
A north attracted
B north repelled
C south attracted
D south repelled
type of magnetic
rod
material
A iron hard
B iron soft
C steel hard
D steel soft

39 In two separate experiments, a magnet is brought near to an unmagnetised iron bar. This causes
the bar to become magnetised.
experiment 1 N magnet X iron bar
experiment 2 S magnet N iron bar Y
Which magnetic poles are induced at X and at Y?
40 An ammeter and an 18 Ω resistor are connected in series with a battery. The reading on the
ammeter is 0.50 A. The resistance of the battery and the ammeter can be ignored.
18 Ω
What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery?
A 9.0 N B 9.0 V C 36 N D 36 V

42 A horseshoe magnet is brought near to an unmagnetised iron bar.
N S
iron bar
Which row in the table shows the magnetic poles induced in the iron bar and the direction of the
forces between the bar and the magnet?
magnetic poles induced force between iron bar

in iron bar and magnet
A N S attraction
B N S repulsion
C S N attraction
D S N repulsion
43 Four nails, A, B, C and D, are tested to find which makes the strongest permanent magnet.
nail
N S
bar magnet
paper clips
One of the nails is placed against a bar magnet and the number of paper clips which the nail can
support is recorded. The bar magnet is then removed and the number of paper clips remaining
attached to the nail is recorded. Each nail is tested in turn.
Which nail becomes the strongest permanent magnet?
44 Each diagram shows two charged metal plates.
Which diagram shows the pattern and the direction of the electric field between the plates?
A B
– – – – – –
+ + + + + +
C D
– – – – – –
+ + + + + +
45 In which pair are both materials magnetic?

B copper and iron
C iron and steel
D steel and aluminium
46 Which methods could be used to demagnetise a magnet?
method 1: place it in an east-west direction and hammer it

method 2: place it in an east-west direction and heat it until it is red hot
method 3: pull it slowly from a coil that is carrying an alternating current
method 4: put it slowly into a coil that is carrying a direct current
A meth
me
met
methods
B meth
me
met
methods
C methods 1 and 2 only
D methods 3 and 4 only
47 The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to make a magnet.
power supply
metal
coil
Which metal and which power supply are used to make a permanent magnet?
metal power supply
A iron 6 V a.c.
B iron 6 V d.c.
C steel 6 V a.c.
D steel 6 V d.c.
1 B
2 C
3 A
4 C
5 A
6 C
7 C
8 D
9 C
10 B
11 B
12 A
13 B
14 C
15 C
16 D
17 C
18 D
19 D
20 D
21 B
22 A
23 C
24 C
25 C
26 C
27 D
28 B
29 A
30 B
31 C
32 B
33 D
34 A
35 D
36 A
37 C
38 A
39 A
40 B
41 A
42 C
43 C
44 D
45 C
46 A
47 D

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1 What is the function of a relay?

A to allow a current in one circuit to operate a switch in another circuit

A live wire disconnects the circuit

What is the greatest hazard?

when the current is 2 A when the current is 18 A

What is the reading on the voltmeter?

A 4.0 V B 6.0 V C 8.0 V D 12.0 V

Which fuse has blown?

A to connect the metal case of an appliance to the earth

8 A fuse is used to protect an electric circuit.

Which circuit shows the fuse in the correct position?

What is a suitable rating for the fuse in this circuit?

A 3.0 A B 6.0 A C 10.0 A D 13.0 A

Which circuit shows the fuse in the correct position?

The owner of the kettle replaces the 13 A fuse with a 3 A fuse.

What happens when the kettle is switched on?

A The fuse blows and the kettle is damaged.

sound travels from X to Y

The table shows her results.

A 0.4 s B 0.5 s C 0.6 s D 0.9 s

The lamp is not faulty.

The lamp is switched on. What happens?

A The fuse blows.

circuit-breaker in when the circuit-breaker operates it

A live wire disconnects the circuit

Which of the fuses are correctly placed?

A fuse 1, fuse 2 and fuse 3

insulated connecting wire

insulated connecting wire

How could the wires be prevented from becoming so hot?

A Connect a second fuse in the neutral wire.

when the current is 2 A when the current is 18 A

Several different fuses are available.

Which fuse should be connected at X?

Which components are suitable to use at X?

A a circuit-breaker, a fuse or a switch

A potential divider stores current

23 A fuse and a relay each use an effect of an electric current.

effect used by effect used by

A heating effect heating effect

What is the greatest hazard?

Input P is at a logic state 0 (low) and input Q is at a logic state 1 (high).

What are the logic states at output X and at output Y?

The speed of rotation of the coil steadily increases.

Which graph best shows how the output changes?

2 The circuit shown contains three ammeters X, Y and Z.

Which ammeter has the largest reading?

In the evening it gets dark.

resistance of LDR p.d. across LDR

A an ammeter in parallel for current, a voltmeter in series for potential difference

Which components are represented by P and by Q?

6 The diagram shows two resistors connected in a circuit.

What could be the combined resistance of this arrangement of resistors?

A 4.0 Ω B 6.0 Ω C 9.0 Ω D 18 Ω

A If one lamp stops working, the remaining lamps become brighter.

Which row correctly compares I2 and I3 with I1?

9 Which produces an electromotive force (e.m.f.)?

In which circuit do all four lamps have normal brightness?

11 The diagram shows a 40 Ω resistor and a 60 Ω resistor connected in parallel.

What is the total resistance between points P and Q?

C between 60 Ω and 100 Ω

The resistance of the variable resistor is decreased.

Which row shows what happens to the reading on each voltmeter?