Addelita Cancryn Intermediate Junior High School

7th Grade Science

Final Exam Study Guide Module K & B
Answer the following questions in full sentences:
1. What is an hypothesis? A hypothesis is a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific
investigation.
2. Explain the steps of the scientific method.
● Defining a Problem: A scientific problem is a specific question that a scientist wants to answer.
The problem must be well-defines or precisely stated, so that it can be investigated.
● Forming a hypothesis and making predictions: When forming a hypothesis, scientists make an
educated guess about the problem. A hypothesis must be tested to see if it is true. Before testing a
hypothesis, scientists make predictions about what will happen in an investigation.
● Planning an investigation: A scientific investigation must be carefully planned so that it tests the
hypothesis in a meaningful way. The scientists decide where to do the investigation (in the
laboratory or field) and determine what equipment is needed.
● Identifying variables: The independent variable of an experiment is identified in the hypothesis.
But scientist need to decide how independent variables will change, and they must identify other
variables that will be controlled. They must also determine how they will measure the results of
an experiment. The dependent variable is often measured in multiple ways.
● Collecting and organizing data: The data collected in an investigation must be recorded and
properly organized so that they can be analyzed. Data such as measurements and numbers are
organized into tables, spreadsheets, or graphs.
● Interpreting Data and Analyzing Information: After they finish collecting data, scientists must
analyze their information. Their analysis will help them draw conclusions about the results.
● Drawing and Defending Conclusions: Scientists conclude whether the results of their
investigation support the hypothesis. If the hypothesis is not supported, scientists may think about
the problem more and try to come up with a new hypothesis to test or they may repeat an
experiment to see if any mistakes were made. The scientists must also defend their information
when published against other scientists who might challenge it.
3. Who was the first person to describe cells? What year ? Robert Hooke was the first to describe
cells in the year of 1665.
4. What is a multicellular organism? Multicellular organisms are organisms made up of more than
one cell.
5. What is a unicellular organism? Unicellular organisms are organisms made up of only one cell.
6. Explain what is a stimulus and give an example. A change that affects the activity of an organism
is called stimulus. For Example: When your pupils are exposed to light—a stimulus—they
become smaller—a response.
7. Explain what is homeostasis give an example. The maintenance of a stable internal environment
is called homeostasis. For Example: Your body maintains homeostasis by sweating when it gets
hot and shivering when it gets cold. These activities help your body maintain a stable
temperature.
8. What is artificial selection? The practice by which humans select plants or animals for breeding
based on desired traits is artificial selection.
9. What are the 4 parts of natural selection? The four parts of natural selection are overproduction,
genetic variation, selection, and adaption.
10. What is a common ancestor? A common ancestor is the most recent species from which two
different species have evolved.
11. What are the 3 main parts of the cell theory? The three main parts of the cell theory are: All
organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of all organisms,
and all cells come from existing cells.
12. What are the 4 parts all cells have in common? All cells have cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA,
and organelles.
13. What are amber fossils made out of? Amber fossils are made out of tree sap.
14. What are cast fossils made out of? A cast fossil is made out of minerals in the sediment.
15. Who is Charles Darwin? Charles Darwin is the naturalist who boarded the British ship HMS
Beagle and went on his voyage. He created the theory of evolution when he studied the
finches and their different beaks.
16. Name one of the scientists who played a major role in developing the cell theory? One of the
scientists that played a major role in developing the cell theory is Theodor Schwann.
17. Who made the microscope? In 1665, Robert Hooke made the microscope.
18. What does cells mean in Latin? Cells mean little room in Latin.
19. Why are most cells small? Cells are small because their size is limited by their outer surface area.
The ratio of the cell’s outer surface area to the cell’s volume is called the surface area-to-volume
ratio. Smaller cells have a greater surface area-to- volume ratio than larger cells.
20. What are the functions of the cell membrane, organelles, and DNA?
● Cell Membrane: A protective layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the
inside of a cell and the cell’s environment. It also controls materials that move into and out of a
cell.
● Organelles: Organelles are specialized to perform a specific function.
● DNA: DNA provides instructions for all cell processes.
21. What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A prokaryote is a single-celled
organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while on the other hand, a
eukaryote is an organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus. Prokaryotes,
which include all bacteria and archaea, are usually smaller than eukaryotes. Most eukaryotes are
multicellular. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi are eukaryotes.
Know how to label the parts of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell.

Know the following vocabulary words:

- Cells, Fossil Record, Extinction, Fossil, DNA, Sexual Reproduction, Evolution, , Asexual
Reproduction, Decomposer, Consumer, Artificial Selection, Common Ancestor, Prokaryote,
Eukaryote, Stimulus, Homeostasis

● Cell: A cell is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.
● Fossil record: All of the fossils that have been discovered make up the fossil record which
provides evidence about the order in which species have existed and changed through time.
● Extinction: When all members of a species have died.
● Fossil: The remains or imprints of once-living organisms.
● DNA: Genetic material that provides instructions for all cell processes.
● Sexual Reproduction: When two parents produce offspring that share the characteristics of both
parents.
● Asexual Reproduction: When a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
● Evolution: The process by which populations change over time.
● Decomposer: Living things that break down dead organisms or wastes to get their food.
● Consumer: Living things that eat other organisms to get food.
● Artificial Selection: The practice by which humans select plants or animals for breeding based on
desired traits.
● Common Ancestor: The most recent species from which two different species have evolved.
● Prokaryote: A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-
bound organelles.
 ● Eukaryote: An organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus and have
membrane-bound organelles.
● Stimulus: A change that affects the activity of an organism.
● Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

How many parents are required for:

A. Asexual reproduction? One
B. Sexual reproduction? Two

Remember the following equations:

Surface area of cube = number of faces x area of face
Area of face of cube = length (side) x height (side)
Volume of cube = side x side x side

1. Cube A’s sides are 3cm long:

a. Calculate the surface area. 6(3 cm * 3 cm) Surface area of cube = 54 cm²
b. Calculate the volume. Volume of cube = 3 cm * 3 cm * 3 cm = 27 cm³
c. Calculate the surface-area-to-volume ratio. Surface area: volume = 54 cm²: 27
cm³
Surface area: volume = 2 cm²: 1 cm³
2. Cube A’s sides are 8cm long:
a. Calculate the surface area. 6(8 cm * 8 cm) Surface area of cube = 384 cm²
b. Calculate the volume. Volume of cube = 8 cm * 8 cm * 8 cm = 512 cm³
c. Calculate the surface-area-to-volume ratio. Surface area: volume = 384 cm²: 512
cm³
Surface area: volume = 3cm² : 4cm³