HOMEWORK: Which participants are realised

by a noun construction and which by a clause?

(“noun or nominal constructions” include pronouns)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. O'Brien might know that he had been arrested.

2. They can be granted intellectual liberty because they
have no intellect.
3. He did not know whether the thing was really
happening, or whether the effect was electrically
produced.
4. What you told me hasn't changed the way I feel
about what I want to do.
 S (nominal) P O (clausal)
1.O'Brien might know (that he had been arrested).

S (nominal) P O (nominal) Adjunct (clausal)

2. They can be granted intellectual liberty (because
they have no intellect).
S (nominal) P O (clausal: two coordinated clauses)
3. He did not know (whether the thing was really
happening), or (whether the effect was electrically
produced).
S (clausal) P O (nominal)
4. What you told me hasn't changed the way (that I
feel about (what I want to do)).
HOMEWORK: In the following sentence, identify the
subject, the predicate and the object/s, if any.

______________________________________________________________________________________

1. What was to be done, Orlando could not think.

2. They forced us to remember their user name

and password.
 O (clausal) S (nominal) P
1. What was to be done, Orlando could not think.

S (nominal) P O1 (Nominal) O2 (infinitival phrase)

2. They forced us to remember their user name

and password.
 Coordination

A syntactic relation by which two

constituents (words, phrases,
clauses or sentences) express a
relation of equality (i.e., neither
constituent is part of the other/s).
 Different types of phrases can be
coordinated:
• The students made progress slowly but
surely.
• Neither the bride nor the groom turned up
at the wedding.
• He studies English and another language
that I can’t remember right now.
• I’ve lost my glasses, so I can’t see a thing.
• He exceeded the speed limit, namely
50mph.
 Different types of phrases can be
coordinated:
• The students made progress slowly but
surely.
• Neither the bride nor the groom turned up
at the wedding.
• He studies English and another language
that I can’t remember right now.
• I’ve lost my glasses, so I can’t see a thing.
• The judge proved that he exceeded the
speed limit, namely 50mph., and he was
charged with speeding.
 Identify the type or relation involved:
• The students made progress slowly but
surely.
• Neither the bride nor the groom turned up at
the wedding.
• He studies English and another language
(that I can’t remember right now).
• [I’ve lost my glasses], so [I can’t see a thing].
• [The judge proved that he exceeded the
speed limit, namely 50mph.,] and [he was
charged with speeding]
 Identify the type or relation involved:
• The students made progress slowly but surely.
Adversative
• Neither the bride nor the groom turned up at the
wedding. alternative
• He studies English and another language (that I
can’t remember right now). copulative
• [I’ve lost my glasses], so [I can’t see a thing].
Illative
• [The judge proved (that he exceeded the speed
limit, namely {explanatory} 50mph.,)] and [he was
charged with speeding]. copulative
 Classify the sentences as simple, compund, complex or
compound-complex:
• The students made progress slowly but surely.
SIMPLE
• Neither the bride nor the groom turned up at the
wedding. SIMPLE
• He studies English and another language (that I
can’t remember right now). COMPLEX
• [I’ve lost my glasses], so [I can’t see a thing].
COMPOUND
• [The judge proved (that he exceeded the speed
limit, namely 50mph.,)] and [he was charged with
speeding]. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
 References
• COORDINATION (Apunte de Cátedra)

• GRAMMAR AND LINGUISTICS (Apunte de Cátedra)

• HISTORY OF GRAMMATICAL STUDY (Apunte de

Cátedra)

• RADFORD, A. (2009) Analysing English Sentences. Ch

1 (GRAMMAR)