Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Interaction and Interdependence
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Interaction and Interdependence
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Kate E. Lapid
Co-Author – Language Editor : Felina L. Sarmiento, PhD.
Co-Author – Content Evaluator : Jeshamenme A. Baluyot
Co-Author – Illustrator : Kate E. Lapid
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 What I Need to Know

This module is written to help learners to demonstrate an understanding of biotic

potential and environmental resistance such as population distribution and
dispersal patterns and population size and density.

The learners categorize the different biotic potential and environmental resistance
(diseases, availability of food, and predators) that affect population explosion
(S11/12-IVhj-29)

Specific Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. define and differentiate biotic potential and environmental resistance;
2. illustrate and explain the different population distribution patterns;
3. differentiate population size and density; and
4. understand the different mechanisms that regulated population density.

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 What I Know

Direction: Describe the following box in relation to population distribution.

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 Lesson

1 Interaction and Interdependence

As a human being, how do you survive? How nature affects you as a person or how
do other people affect you and vice versa?

According to Wordometer, Philippines has 109,581, 078 people as of 2020 in line

with the 7.8 billion population of the world.
How do the race of humankind continuously rising while the other species of
animals become extinct? What would be the reason?

What’s In

Direction: Find the words that are related in the Process of Evolution.

K O V C I T E N E G
A R N E K C B M A L
T M U T A T I O N L
E M I G R A T I O N
V S M O O T H C W M
A D A P T A T I O N
J C R Y A N K R M D
T K R S T N M R L L
K D L Z E Y K H A H
B N O I T U L O V E

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 Notes to the Teacher

This module was designed and written to help you to be able to

appreciate and value life by taking good care of all beings, humans,
plants and animals.

What’s New

Direction: Answer the following based on your personal experience.

1. What are the changes that happen to you and your family in these
pandemic months?

2. How do you interact with other people in your household in these pandemic
months?

What is It

BIOTIC POTENTIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE

Biotic potential measures how well a species have adapted to survive by means of
defense mechanisms, resistance to adverse conditions, migration, and seed
dispersion.

Environmental resistance is adverse biotic and abiotic factors that raise the death
rate of a population like predators, parasites, unfavorable temperature, and lack of
water.

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DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Distribution or Dispersal is the pattern of space between individuals of the

population.
There are three types of distribution:
a. Clumped dispersion wherein individuals come in patches and may be
influenced by resource availability and behavior.
b. Uniform dispersion allows the individual species distributed evenly. It may
be influenced by social interactions such as territoriality.
c. Random dispersion is the location of one individual is independent of other
members of the population.

POPULATION SIZE AND DENSITY

Population size is the number of individuals in a population. The number of species

can be affected by the increasing number of the species or the decreasing number of
species. Generally, very small populations are at greatest risk of extinction.

Population density is the average number of individuals in a population per unit of

area or volume. It is influenced by death, birth, and movement (immigration and
emigration) among populations.

Carrying Capacity of Ecosystem determined by biotic and abiotic factors.

Carrying capacity is the optimal maximum density of a population can be
supported by a defined space.

Population Explosion it is the result of favorable condition to organisms will

lead to greater birth rate than the death rate.

Population Growth is due to a higher birth rate than the death rate. New
individuals are recruited into the population through growth and immigration.

This graph shows the Population density of Central Luzon in year 2017:

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Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/PefSPEBAG9pPJfs58

FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION DENSITY

A. Semelparity –Organisms can produce all their offspring in one
reproductive event. They reproduce only once and die.

B. Iteroparity –Pattern of repeated reproduction at intervals; number of

reproductive events and number of offspring per event vary among species.
i. Seasonal Iteroparity – Have distinct breeding seasons such as
temperate animals and forest trees.

ii. Continuous Iteroparity – individuals reproduce repeatedly and at

any time of the year and can be found in tropical species, parasites
and many mammals.

SELECTION THEORY

A. r – strategists are animals living in unstable environments and the ability to

reproduce rapidly (exponentially) is important. Organisms that are r-selected have
short life spans, are generally small, quick to mature and waste a lot of energy.
B. k – strategists are larger in size and have longer life expectancies. They are
stronger or are better protected and generally are more energy efficient. Their
reproductive strategy is to grow slowly, live close to the carrying capacity of their
habitat and produce a few progeny each with a high probability of survival.

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REGULATION OF POPULATION

Density-Dependent Regulation is biological (biotic) in nature that influence the

mortality of a population regardless of its density. Usually, the denser a population
is, the greater its mortality.

Density-Independent Regulation is typically physical or chemical (abiotic) in

nature that influence the mortality of a population regardless of its density.

What’s More

Direction: Identify the population distribution of Region III by coloring the

provinces based on the highest population density to the lowest population
density.

HIGHEST TO LOWEST

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/sZELimumLrtpU7Hr7

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Supply the concept map below with different understanding about
the relation of biotic potential and environmental resistance to population.

Environmental
Biotic Potential
Resistance

Population

Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)

Content All the facts and Some facts and The diagram does
(2x) information are information are not not cater the
present to the present to the diagram. information.
diagram
Relativity The diagram shows The diagram shows There is no
all the relationship. some of the relationship relation shown in
the diagram.
Coherence The words have Some words are not There is no
oneness of idea. aligned with other. oneness of idea.

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Draw a food chain that shows the relation of biotic potential and
environmental resistance to population density

Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)

Relevance All of the contents Some of the contents The diagram is
in the diagram are in the diagram are not relevant to
relevant to the relevant to the topic. the topic.
topic.
Creativity The diagram is The diagram is The diagram is
creatively made creatively made but not creatively
and has great has less impact. done.
impact

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 Assessment

Direction: Read the questions below and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write it on the space provided for.

_____ 1. Which of the following affects the population of species based on their
adaptability the environment?

a. Abiotic Potential c. Carrying Capacity

b. Biotic Potential d. Environmental Resistance

_____ 2. In the Philippines, Manila is the densest city, what do you think would be
the reason of people who wants to live in Manila?

a. it is the center of trade and industry

b. it has many job opportunity

c. it has large landmass

d. it is the capital of the Philippines

_____ 3. What is the maximum number of species based on its location?

a. Carrying Capacity c. Population density

b. Distribution d. Population size

_____ 4. What will happen when the condition is favorable to the species?

a. over population c. population explosion

b. population deficiency d. population growth

_____ 5. In the forest, lion tops the food chain as it come predator of most of the
animals living with them. What will be the effect if the number of preys decreases?

a. the number of lion also decreases.

b. the number of lion increases

c. the number of lion stays the same

d. lion will be the only species to survive

_____ 6. What is the number of individual species?

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 a. Carrying Capacity c. Population density

b. Distribution d. Population size

_____ 7. What is the average of individual population in its area?

a. Carrying Capacity c. Population density

b. Distribution d. Population size

_____ 8. What will happen when the birth rate is higher than the death rate?

a. over population c. population explosion

b. population deficiency d. Population growth

_____ 9. What is the production of species wherein it can only reproduce once in a
lifetime?

a. Itareparity c. Semalparity

b. Iteroparity d. Semolperity

_____ 10. What is the production of species wherein it can reproduce in repetition?

a. Itareparity c. Semalparity

b. Iteroparity d. Semolperity

_____ 11. What is an organism that has an ability to reproduce rapidly?

a. k-strategist c. m-strategist

b. l-strategist d. r- strategist

_____ 12. What is an organism that has longer life expectancy?

a. k-strategist c. m-strategist

b. l-strategist d. r- strategist

_____ 13. What is the population regulation that depends on biotic factor?

a. Density-Dependent Regulation

b. Density-Independent Regulation

c. Size- Dependent Regulation

d. Size- Independent Regulation

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_____ 14. What is the population regulation that depends on abiotic factor?

a. Density-Dependent Regulation

b. Density-Independent Regulation

c. Size- Dependent Regulation

d. Size- Independent Regulation

_____ 15. What type of distribution wherein individual species come in patches?

a. Clumped Dispersion c. Uniform Dispersion

b. Steady Dispersion d. Varying Dispersion

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 Additional Activities

Direction: Enumerate the different mechanism in regulating the population.

Density-Dependent Regulation Density-Independent Regulation

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 14
Density-Dependent Regulation Density-Independent Regulation
Predation Weather
Disease natural disasters
Competition
Parasitism
accumulation of
waste
Territoriality
WHAT’S IN
1. MUTATION
ASSESSMENT 2. ADAPTATION
1. b 6. d 11. d 3. MIGRATION
2. a 7. c 12. a 4. EVOLUTION
3. a 8. d 13. a 5. GENETIC
4. c 9. c 14. b
5. a 10. b 15. a
Answer Key