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    3B Ch.7 Areas and Volumes (III) - Compressed

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    Quick Review p73 Pyramids P76 Gircular Cones p.7.20 Frustums p.7a2 Spheres p.738 Formulas for Lengths, Areas and Volumes 2.749 Similar Shapes p.754 Geen Bc The pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu In every culture, death isa solemn issue thats treated witha certain degree of ane and respect. Kings of many nations would even prepare for their own deaths by building tombs in advance, For example, ancient Egyptian kings built pyamids as their tombs. Among these pyramids the tomb ‘of Pharaoh Khufu is the greatest. [t's pyramid of height 147 m, and its base isa square of se 230 m, aigsiny A. Circles and Sectors esta Find, in terms of, the circumference and the area of a circle of radius Solution Circumference of the circle = 2%¢% Sem loxem ‘Area of the cirle= 2x $* em? 25a em? Find, in terms of, the lengt cof 4B and the area of sector (O48 shown in the figure, WF 2xax 12em Cucke Circumference of «cle ~ Art of cies? Seer Aawkg= Snr Find, in terms of 2, the circumference and the Sem, area of a circle of diamet Find in terms of the length of CD and the area of sector OCD shown in the figure fad Measures Shape and space B. Prisms and Cylinders [7 von Figsre Forma Prism | Volume = base area > Bias — Arex ofl ltr fice ‘Toua surface rea = (ota ara ofl lateral aes + reo 2c area \ Gilinaer Volumes ah curved surfs area = 27h e Tota surface ar ‘The figure shows a triangular prism. ‘The figure shows a triangular prism (@) Find the volume of the | 90% ism a (©) Find the area ofall lateral faces of the prism (© Find the total surface area of the prism, (@) Find the volume ofthe prism. een (®) Find the area of all lateral faces of e the prism. (©) Find the total surface area of the (a) Base area of the prism aaa Volume ofthe prism = 12 « 10 em! = 20cm’ (@) Arca al lateral faces ofthe prism S+8+5)%10em" 80 em? (©) Total surface area ofthe prism 180+2% 12) em” ‘0095 and Volumes) C. Similar jgures Figures that hve the same shape are eae similar figures, The corresponding line segments of two similar figures are proportional. Take the two similar parallelogras on the right as an example. The ratio of the lengths of their bases is equal to the ratio oftheir eights In the figure, ABCD and EFGH ae simile In the figure, ABC and EFG are similar figures. Find the length of BF. figures. AD 1 BC and EH 1 FG. Find the length of BH, a - Mx ie . = oe a Review Exercise Find the volumes and the total sufuce urea ofthe following solids (1-3) (Give your answers in terms of rif necessary.) 1 a 4. In the figure, AABC~ ADEF Find the values of randy. 4 Measures, Shape nd Space TE onsen Wotan ae ‘The glass pyramid of Lowsre Museum in Paris and the pyramids in Egypt in the above photos look alike in shape In Geometry, solids of this type ae called pyramids. Some examples of different pyramids are ‘You can see that the base (ellow region) of a pyramid! may not be rectangular in shape It an be inthe shape of any polygon. So, pyramids are named according to the shape of their bases as shown above. Unlike prisms, pyramids do not have wniform eross-sections Let us learn some characteristics of a pyramid 1, ‘The base of « pyramid isa polygon 2, Except the base al ther faces ofa pyramid are called lateral faces, which are triangles in shape. 3, Allhe lateral faces moet ata common point called the verte. 4. The common edge of any two adjacent lateral faces is called & slant edge 5, The perpendicular distance between the vertex and the base isthe height of the pyran Tce toast ~[K— ig ie is EAL Cea Right Pyramids A pyramid which hasits vers vera abo or ts tues called argh pram The allowing ersone example of <) Rouen tion ah prema cate Note: @ 1. Thecentroid 0 ofa triangular base is atthe intersection ofits mediaas 2. Thecentroid O of a rectangular baseisat the (3) intersection of is diagonals, Let us now consider right pyramid VABCD with a rectangular base ABCD. 0s the centroid of the base and VO isthe eight of the pyramid. It has the following properties 1, O isequlastant from each corner of the bas, ie, 04=08=0C=0D, 2, _Allthe slant edges ae of equal length, y ie, VA=VB=VC=VD. 3, Alle lateral acs ar isosceles triangles, ie GVAB, AVBC, VCD, AVDA. (@) . 2 Measures Shape and Space Note: If the base ofa cght pyramid is a regular polygon, the pyramid is called regular pyramid. Some examples of regular pyramids are shown below: C3.) (@) raul pyramid with an (O) regular pyramid witha equilateral triangular base regular pentagonal base A Volumes of Pyramids ~joun smn SERCH e Explori 1g the volumes of pyramids 11, Thetlgure shows a cube and a regular square pyramid, How many such pyramids ise cube composed of? 2. Forsuch pyar, he volume V, the base sea is A andthe ight i ) (] bxpress te volume ofthe ee in terms ol e volume of the cube (i) peste volume ofthe cubein terms ot and Volume of he cube 0 (©) From te ests obtained in (0, expres the volume Vf the pyar in tems oA anh From Activity 7.1, we have volume ofa square pyramid =! x base area > height Infact, the above formula is applicable to any pyramids, eluding those Pyramids which are not right pyramids 1f 4 and h denote te base area and the height of e pyramid respectively, then thi ot pple Example 71) volume ofp : oe Tn the figure, the base area of pyramig VABC is 46cm’. If the height 0° the pyramid is 5 em, find the volume ofthe pyramid, Sotiton Quick Practice 7.1 The figure shows a pyamid VABCDE of base area 48 em? Ifthe height ofthe pyramid is 3m, ind the volume ofthe pyramid. aera 72) teeter angen 5 ‘The figure shows an onyx in a shape of a mo wgae wee regular pyramid with a square bas. Ifthe side of is base is 6 em and its velume is 10cm’ find its height Solution Lethem bee eight ofthe omy. LxG6x@yxh= 120 he The height of the onyxis 0 om. 19 | Quick Practice 7.2 In the figure, the volume of regular pyramid VABCD with a square base of side em is 48 em Find the hight ofthe pyramid. 9 Find he volume of pyrami gn the length of is {ETA Example 23) ions nem es “The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD with rectangular ba length 8 cm and width 6 em. The length of slot edge Vis 13cm. Find (@) the height of the pyramid, (the volume of the pyramid, Solution eso dem 6) ak (2) Consider right-angled triangle BDA. BD! = BA*+ AD" (Py. theorem) 2 eon on=!ap 08-00 Lctoem =Sem ‘Consider rightangled triangle VOB. VO"+ O= VBE _(Pyth. theorem) vo=ViF—$ am = Dem The height of the pyramid is 12m, a Quick Practice 7.3 “The figure shows a ight pyramid SACD witha rectangular base of length lem and width 12cm, The length of slant edge VBis V18K om. Find (2) the height ofthe pyramid, 0 (0) the volume ofthe pyramid 2.10 Deas ona votes ole Ban an 2. Find the volume of each ofthe following right pyramids ® e © 3. The figure sho base. IFAD = V3 a regular pyramid VABCD with « square ¥ ‘mand PD = Sem, find (@) the height of the pyramid ae (0) the volume ofthe pyramid, so 2 B Total Surface Areas of Pyramids Pomz:Woisne 710 ‘The total surfuee area ofa pyramid can be found by summing the areas ofall is lateral faces and the area ofits base. “otal surface cof a pyramid total area of lateral faces + base area For example wr ‘Measures. Shape and Space Grampie? A) gates een dow Inthe gue, ABCD isa regular pyramid with a square ase ABCD of side 10 em. Iti piven that the ength of the slant edge is 13 em and VE | DA. Find (@) thearea of AVDA, @) he total sure ren of pyramid VABCD. Solution Sst Ok nn paper ho af gh Attest tpto at (@) Consider right-angled triangle VEA Vis Bal= VAP (ey trem) fe ed a /\\s200 = 12m Anaot avDd= 1x Dax VE 1 10x 12m" (8) Total surface area of pyramid VABCD = total area of lateral faces + base area (460+ 1010) cs von 68) Quick Practice 7.4 In the igure, VABCD ie a regular pyramid with a square base ABCD. Is sven th EL 4, DA = 12cm andthe length ofthe slant edges 10cm. Find (@) theares of AVAB, so (©) the otal surce are of pyramid FABCD. n pr surface area ofa pram, en te Exampie 25) ate ‘The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD with a rectangular base ABCD. Its given that VAIL AB,VN 1 BC, AB= ISem, BC= 32cm Al and the height VO ofthe pyramidis 12 em, Find (@) thearea of AVAR, » c area of AVBC, (©) the total surface area of pyranid VABCD. Solution (=). Consider cg angled triangle VOM. rae fi [EF om coe Ma” 4 ‘x IBF em : 2 ben Araot Avan !aBx va . ae Zn = oem! a, (0) Consider sgh anll ane VON WN= VO" ON ey tearm) . ia. ey seem) fe ea no > V2 +9 om ope ‘Sem Area of avEC= bic Acx v3" res mentions (©) Total surface area of pyramid VABCD — @)esforstatents lat mesinene Quick Practice 7.5 “The figure shows a regular pyramid FABCD with a square base of side 24m. The height of the pyramid is 2m, Find the total surface are of a e Pyramid PABCD correct to 5 significant figures oy Serra for otal srac are of pyramid eens Find the total surface area ofeach ofthe folfowing right pyramids, a 2 The figure shows a regula: pyramidl VABCD with a square ‘ase ABCD. Its given that AB =3 mand the height VO of the pyramid is $ m. Find the total surface area of the yramidl correct to 3 signifiant igures Level T 4, Inthe figure, the base area of pyramid VABCDEP is 36 em the v height of the pyramid is Sm, ind the volume ofthe pyramid. oo 2. The figure shows a regular pyramid VABCD with a square base ¥ ABCD of side Sem. Ifthe bught of the pyramid is 9 em, find the ‘volume of the pyramid 3. The figue shows aright pyramid VABCD with a rectangular base v ABCD of length cm and with 7 em, If he beigt of the pyramid js 16m, ind the volume of te pyramid ae 25 Pre ese otsoe 4. The figure shows a pyramid VABCD. The base ABCD is a parallelogram of base 4 em ad height 3 em. Ifthe eight of the Pyramid is em, find the volume ofthe pyramid. == . If the volume of a pyramid with a square base of side 6 em is 228 em’, find the eight of the pyramid, Comoe?) 102m 16. The figure shows aright pyramid VAICD of volume 3584 em’. IF the base of the pyramid i «rectangle of length 28 em and width 16m, find the height of the pyramid. 242» 27. The igure shows a pyramid VABC. The base ABCisa ightangled noses triangle wth A= AC= em, Ite volume of pyramid VABCis 42cm’, find the height tthe pyramid. 7 8. The figure shows «git Its in shape ofa regular pyramid with & square base. IF is base area is 16 cm" and the ares of each lateral faces 20 om" find the toa surface area of the gift. ont 9. The figure shows a regular pyramid VABCD. The base ABCD is » square of side 13cm, The height VH of AVAB x 20 em. Fiad the ‘otal surface area ofthe pyramid. so Inthe Gur, VABCD i ight pyramid with a rectangular base ABCD, where 4 = 40 em axd BC ~ \Gcm. Te height V3 of AVAB and the height VN of AVBC ate 17 em and 25 em respectively. Find the total surface area ofthe pyramid, 20 The figure shows a regular pyramid VABCD witha square base ay ABCD of side 18crn, The height of the pyramid is 12cm. ay (Find the fength of VE: © (©) Find he total surface ara of the pyramid. se ne The figure shows a regular pyramid FABCD. The tase ABCD is a sure of side 1 em and the length of the stant edge 1S om, (@) Find he area ofthe lateral face FAB, 108 () Find the total surface ara of pyramid VABCD. Camara) ‘The figure shows a regular pyramid VABCD. The base ABCD is a y square of side I6em, The height VETof AVABis 17 em. Find (@) the height ofthe pyrami, sen Cevel2) () the volume ofthe pyramid. 1220em 3 The figure shows a regulte pyramid VABCD with square base v ABCD. leis given that AB'= 4em and VC= 10-em. Find Clare (a) thelength of AC, (en ore/¥em oon (©) the eight YE Of the pyramid, (on or2/5 om (0) he volume ofthe pyramid, 1°. a a i {Leave your answers in sud form) ‘The figure shows a pyramid VAMC. The base ABC is a right-angled| y triangle in which AB AC. Vis vertically shove A. Its piven that AB= 6emand BC= VB= 10em, mony (a) Find the height Ht of te pyramid. oon (0) Find the volume f he pyramid. es e a a Wz. sures, Shape and Space 16. 18 “The igure shows aright pyramid VABCD with a rectangu ABCD. Is given tha AB= I6em, BC= 12emand VC Find (@) the height VO ofthe pyramid, sn (0) the volume ofthe pyramid. 125m, The figure shows aright pyramid VABCD with a rectangular base ABCD. Is given that AC= 22m, BC = 24m and VC 26m. (@) Find the eight VE of the pyramid. s05en » (©) Find the volume ofthe pyramid. 20 ind the area of rectangle ABCD. 108 on (Give your answers correc to 3 significant Figures) The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD with rectangular base ABCD. Ie AB'= 10cm, BC = Sem and the height VH of AVAB is em, find (@) theneight VGor AFC, 124m (©) the ota surface are of the pyramid. 209 (Give your answers core to 3 significant figures) “The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD with a rectangular base ABCD. he height VIM of the pyramid is 8 em, AB= I2em and BC= Sem. Gz (2) Find the areas of @ avec, « (0 AVAB, 05 ot lr 26F8 on (©) Find the total surface area of pyramid VABCD, 0785 12/8) (Leave your answer in sud form necessary.) “The figure shows a epular pyramid VABCD with a square base ABCD of side 12-em. £ is & point on BC such that YE 1 BC. The total surface area of the pyramid is 386. (0) Find the rea ofthe lateral face VBC: eo 2 (©) Find the length of VE and the bight V# of the pyramid. (0) Findthe volume ofthe pyramid, “=" "20" 4-85" 2 Onnaeen ‘The figute shows a regular pyramid VABCD with a square base {BCD of side 10 er, The volame ofthe pyramid is 400 cm" (@) Find the height of the pyramid. 209 () Hence find the total sure area ofthe pyramid, 2800 The figure shows a regular tetrahedron VABC. The length of each cee is 8 em and VM 1 BC. Find ©) @ thelengthof VM, e360 (i) the area of each atral face, (©) the total surficeatea ofthe tetahedron, 11 (Give sour answers correct t03 significant figures) ‘The figure shows a pyramid VABC. Its base i an isosceles right ngled triangle with Al! = BC = Sem and ABC = Wt, The height Bo the pyramid i 12 em. (2) Find the area of AVAC. ss200 (Find the total surface asa ofthe pyramid. 1:7 (Give your answers correct 103 significant gues) A solid metal squae pyrami¢ P is melted and recast nto another sold square pyramid Q. The side ofthe base of pyramid Qs twice that of pyramid P. Ifthe heights of pyramid P and pyramid Q are pana Ni espetivels, find ig hg 4:1 In the figure, a solid eight pyramid with a rectangular base is put Jno rectangular tank. The height andthe base of the tank ar the same as that of the pyramid espetvely. The tank is then Fly ill with water. I the pyramid is taken out from the tank, find the peentage decrease inthe wer level 29 Wren swe rasmce j @ Circular Cones DT 5 ran nes soen rns ‘Objects the above photos are examples of solids which ure in the shape oa cirelar cone. A zcula cone does not have uniform cross-sections. A circular cone has the following characteristics: 1. _A.cireular cone has only one base and one verte. vex . 2. Thebaseisa cir 3. The distance from the vertex to any pot on the circumference of the base i called the slant height of the eieular cone. 4. The perpendicular distance between the vertex and the base isthe height ofthe cone. Note: A circular cone which has equal slant heights is called a right cirala ‘ome, Ina right circular cone, the tne joining the vertex to the centre of the base is perpendicular tothe bas. A Volumes of Right Circular Comes pom. wossmer2 Consider a regular pyramid, Ifthe number of sides ofits base increases [B)e09 radually, the polygonal base becomes a circle and thus the pyramid {pts Chat cone becomes aright circular eon Oren From the formula forthe pyramid, we have tote pt beta wench seta cna com — han an I rand eatin end hh wg deren rete en ns In fact, the above formula i vali for any circular cone (Example 76) rinstevimectacone sh Tn the Figure, the bs ius and th height of the right circular cone are Wem and 12cm respectively. Find the volume ofthe cone in terms of. Solution Volume ofthe cone Quick Practice 7.6 The figure shows a right circular cone of base radius 6 cm and eight 13 em, Find the volume ofthe cone in errs of 71s (Gxample 77) ‘The figure shows a righ circular cone of ase diameter 16cm and slant teen height 24.em, Find Find the volume of cone, given slant height (@) the height OF of the eone, (©) the volume ofthe cone (Give Your answers corset to 3 significant figures) | 7 Solution (2) Consider rightangled tangle OV4 - n= "Sem tem opm Ov*+ Oa? = Al (Pyth. theorem) a ov=Vave— 08 = 0248-8 om Vy = 32 em ¥ v fm (co. 10 35g ig) () Volume of the con mx 8852 om = 1520m! (cor. 35g. fe) Quick Practice 7.7 “The height and the slant height ofthe right circular cone inthe figure are rep. 7 em and 8m respectively, Find re (the base radius ofthe cons, (Een () the volume ofthe cone in terms of 280 on (Lene your answers insur formif necessary) xample 78) » 1 Solid metal cylinder of base radi $ em and height 12 em is melted rblem invading volumes ofa cane anda ayindse | Sig ‘and rocast nto a solid right circular cone of height 4 cm, Find the base radius ofthe cone Solution ane {Let rem be the base radius ofthe cone Think Further gy hig he ane tthe hah Volume of the cone = volume ofthe eyliner Lager nnmen Pia Quick Practice 7.8 A solid metal eylinder of base rads 8 cm and height 7 cm is melted and reat into a solid right circular cone of the same base radius us the cylinder, Find the height ofthe cone. 21 12 ® ee Qari 1. Consider a right circular cone wth base radius, height and volume F’ Complete te following table (Give your answers in terms of if ne>essary.) Base radius Height Volume of cone ® Sem tem = | » ora © Jor en? | @ 1s 2S em? 2 The figure shows aright circular cone of base radius 7 em and slat height 25cm, Find (@) the height ofthe cone, 220 (0) the volume ofthe cone. 225 (Give your answers in term of if necessary) 3. The figure shows a cup in the form of an inverted right oom: cireular cone of base radius 6 om and height 12 em. How ; many cups of water are needed to completely fill up a ylndrical container of base radius 12 em and height 0 em? B Total Surface Areas of Right Circular Cones je: “The surface of a right circular cone is composed of a curved surface and a base, Henee, total surface area of aright circular cone 12 Procrsscermine Sremrgen Exploring the curved surface area of a right circular cone The figures show a paper cup in the shape of a hollow right circular cone of base radius rand lant height Cut the paper cup along a slant height and flatten it ou to form a sector VAB as show. Pee cca eeu haere i 1. (@) From Figures (1) and (2, what i the relationship between the curved surface area of the ‘cone and the area ofthe Secor AB? (©) Hence, express the curved surface area of te cone in terms of 8 and Curved surface area ofthe cone = aul 2. (@) (By considenng Figure (3), expres AB in terms of Band. AB Q By considering Figure (1), exoress AB in terms of a 6 e terms of rand Be 5 oe 33. From the results obtalned in question 1) and question 2(), deduce 2 formula forthe curved surface are of the right cular cone terms af rand (&) Hence, express Curved surface area ofthe right ecuar cone = 2 « rom Activity 72, we can conclude that; for a right circular cone with base radius rand slant height 6 curved surface area ofthe con ant total surface area of the cone = mrt + a1? Example 7:9 Find wet surtace sents cone — Inte gue, the base rads ofa right ciealar cone i om andthe sant tight 10m, Find the toa ura area ofthe cone in terms of Des enavenmes Solution Technasaoi Curved surface area ofthe cone = 6x 10 cm? 607 em" ‘eco Base area of the cone = 2% 6 cm! 6m Total surface area of the cone = curved surface area + base area Quick Practice 7.9 The igure shows aright circular cone of bese radius 4 cm and slant height 66cm, Find te total surface area of he cone in terms of. zc Example, 710) rinse rol stan eo ‘The figure shows a ona gent height | 3 circular one of base nidius Sem and height 12cm, y (a) Find the stat height of the cone () Find the total sueface area ofthe cone in terms of Solution (a), Consider right-angled triangle YOA. aan VA = VO" OA (Py theorem) ¢ b pitas se Ss xe da /\_ sitesi nt agit sana = 13cm /. enrae Te slant height ofthe cene is 13 em, (©) Total surface area ofthe cone = (5% 13 + XS!) em? 907 em? Quick Practice 7.10 In the figure, the height and the slant bejght of the right cicular cone are 18cm and 17 em respectively. (@) Find the base radius ofthe coms eon (@) Find the total surace alta the cone in terms of 200s Presses sap ma suce (fxample 711) Problem inoling the curved surface area ofa cone In the figure, sector VAB is folded to form a right conical vessel of Testing ‘eight 24 em and capacity 800x en? : (a) Find the base radius of the ves (©) Find the curved surface are ofthe veel in terms of (©) Pete clans tht is rete than 4. Do you ate? Explain your answ/ * c Solution : (0) Letom othe base ads ofthe ves 00m: ‘The base radius ofthe vessil is 10 em. (8) Consider right-angled triangle AOV AV = VO?+ OA? (Pyth. theorem) om Av 12+ 10 om aa 260m ‘Curved surface area of the vessel ¢ = AX 10X26cm™ < tae radiss= oem, . aed shape ten (0. + Arenof the sector curved surface are ofthe veel Orme 8 ine co 2c XI6 = 260 tanec Abst ptctecme mange shpxmxas o< 40" ‘rove (earclengmotne sector @ = 138° (cor. to the nearest degres) , a ‘Areas and Volumes (i) Quick Practice 7.11 In the figure, sector V4 i folded 0 form a right cteular cone of eight 12m and volume 1007 em (4) Find the base ead of the cone. 5 (©) Find the curved surface area ofthe cone in terms of #85 (© Daisy claims that @is es than 0". Do sou agroe? Explain your answer, Consider aright circular cone with base radius rand ™* Nitetaenota cone are slant eight. Complete th: following table. (Give your nwers in terms of 7 if necessary.) of | 6m mr | Sem c Bsa en! In the figure, the eight and the base red ofthe right cirular ‘one are 6 em and 4 em respectively. Find the total surface area of the cane correct ta the nearest em”, cr In the figure, sector VAB of eadius 12 ¢m is folded to form Fight circular cone by joining VA and VB. (@) Find the cirumferenes of the base ofthe cane in terms of ron (©) Find the base radius o the cone. son (©) Kevin claims tite volume of the cone is greater than 600 em". Do you agree? Explain our answer oo ee (Un this exercise, unless otherwise specifi sve your answers core to 3 significant gues if necessry.) ee) Find the volumes of the following right cirlar cones in terms of. (= 3) anss78) i 3 |4. The figure shows a right circular coe of height 9 em and sant height Sem. ing the volume of the cone. GB=nvi™) eon {Give your answer in terms of For each of the following sight circular cones, find. Ean) (2) its curved surface area (6) its total surftce aa, (Givg your ansversin rms of 1) 8-7) ; anaes massa . =) 8 The figure shows a right circular cone of base radius 12m and ites seit I6em. Cisne?) (@) Find the curved surface area of the cone. ero () Find he total surface area ofthe cone {Give your answers in terms of 7.) v8 1. Onesie) | Consider a right circular cone ith base radi» eight hand slant height Complete the following table wd give your answers in terms of # if necessary. @ [oom | oe © [ee [i The volume ofa ight cicularcone is 100 em? aad its hase radius is Sem, (a) Find the height of the cone. 2260 (@) Find the toal surface area ofthe eons, ren Thetoal surface area of a right ctcuar cone i 10 em* and its base radius s 3 em, (Find the slant height of te cone, 128 (@) Find the volume of the cone. v8 In the figure, the base area of a right circular cone is 32 em? and the slant height is 9 em, (2) Find the base radius ofthe cone in sud form. en (8) Find the height ofthe cone. ven (9, Find she volume of the cone in tems of. The circumference ofthe bave of right circular cone is 123 em, xe, and the heights 8 em. (2) Find the base eadius of the cone (©) Find the slant height of tecone. en (0) Find the total surface ana of the cone in terms of ou As shown in the figure, the eight ofa ght conical tents 2.5 m and it covers an area of 4 mn the ground. Find the total surface area Gncloding the base of the test. In the igure, heap of sce piled into the shape ofa right circular cone, The sant height of thecone is 1.8 m and the perimeter of the base i 2:82 m. IF each nf rice weighs 280 kg, fad the weight of| the beep of rise, st 0 16, The figure shows two glases, One of them is in the shape of an inverted right cieular cone, while the other is in the shape of oe ‘lind, Originally, the conial gas is filled with some wine. The ‘win is then ftally poute into the eylindrica gas of hase radius 3m, Find the height of the win nthe elindsical glass. of Cevel2) 17. The volume ofa right circular comes 768% cm’, and the rato of its base radi tots height 34 (2) Find the lant height of thecone, () Find the total surface are ofthe cone. 252 \ (Give your answers in terms of if necessary) 18, The igure shows right-anled triangle POR with PR= 200m and QR = 1Sem. (4) What objct is formed if the triangles rotated about PR through 360° i (@) Find the volume of the object formed in). ssoorenr “NNN 0m (6 Find the total surface area of the object formed in). soaxen ie (Give your answers in terms of if necessary} ore 19. Ir thesvtor O42 shown in the figure is made into a conical vesel by joining 04 and OB ind (@) the base radius ofthe vessel, «sen (8) thecapacity ofthe vessel. sen a . © ae < 20, ‘The figure shows am inverted right conical paper eup of base radius Sem. The paper cup is then cut long its lant eight and Matoned to form a semi-circle > (@) Find the sadn of the semicircle. 19 (©) Find the capacity of the paper cup. =27en 8 a, n. 9 2 2. e 2s, OD Wess ondVoianes The figure shows a square cardboard ABCD. A sector ABD with "1 e conte Ais eu from the cardbsrd, and then folded to form a right conical vesa by joining AB and AD, som (2) Fiod the curved surface ate of the vest, 503 (©). David clans that the capacity ofthe vest is greater than an 32em. Do you agree? Exsluin your answer. Coanperit) y= ‘The Ggure shows aright conial cover of lamp. The base Fadius and the eight ofthe cover are 36cm and 27cm respectively, (@) Find the curved su (©) It the covers lattoned ox into a sector, find the angle of the sector. The figure shows a sold made up ofa cylinder and a right ctcular 4, ‘one, The base radi ofthe eylader and the cone ae both 1.$ m. The heights of the cylinder and the cone are 20 m and 2 m respectively. Find (@) the volume ofthe slid, 480 " () te total surice are ofthe solid. 2076 «solid metal cylinder of ight em and base caus 5 em is meld and As shown in the ‘recast into a solid right circuler cone of the same base radius asthe cylinder. Alan claims that the {ota surface area will be increased. Do you agsee? Explain your ansvet “Mary has right conial paper eup of bas radius 48 cm and slant hight 8 cm, anda cylindrical container of hase radius 10 cxn and height 15m, (2) Find the eapacity of the paper cup, 0 (©) Find the maximum number of eups of water pouring into the container withowt any overton | erie If the top part of « pyramid is cut away by a plane which is parallel to te face of the base of the pyramid, the solid which remains behind is called a frustum of the pyramid, pedestal on the sets is in the shape ofa frustum of pyramid Netettinfigue(. —¥ sir i « | ow \ a 2 | ‘Therefore, volume of the frustum of a pyramid = volume of the larger pyramid ~ volume of the smaller pyramid Similarly, i the top past of right circular cone is eut away by a plane = ‘whieh is parallel to the face of the base of the cone, the solid which retains bein is called a frustam of the circular cone. The cup of instant rood in the photo sin the shape of a fustum of aciteular cone. r 4 . woortae [ rerevstinniower y see s Therefore, volume of the fustum ofa right citcular cone lume ofthe larger right circular cone — volume of the smaller right circular cone Note: (a) ‘The height ofa frustum i the fet perpendicular distance 5 \ between its upper base and its lower bas, Ee (8) Ifthe plane that eu the pyramid or the cone is not parallel to the base then the remaining pat is NOT a feustum, The figure shows a frustum ABCDHERG. The upper base and the ptr lower base of the frustum are squares of sides 10 em and 4 em I respectively The height of pyramid VEFGH is 6 cm, and the height of frustum ABCDHEFG is 9 cm. Find the volumes of (© anit VERGH, Tene ©) mania Vanco, Seiatcatapeemnesiee yaa (6, tosum aBcoHEra eon” A fv! Solution ioe @ renin (0) Volume of pyania VERGH= 1 (4x4) 6em! D0) Vemeot pramid 4800=! (1011649) en? ; 500 em! (©) Volume of frustum ABCDHE: = volume of pyramid VAIECD ~ volume of pyramid) VERGH 50032) em” 468m" Quick Practice 7.12 “The Figute shows a frustum ABCDHERG. The upper base and the lower base of the frustum are squares of sides S em and 7.5 em respectively. I the height of pyramid VEFGH and the height of the frustum are 6 em and 3 em respectively find the volume of the fruscum. 1:875en re. ’ Manse Sapa Spt Crample 7.13) rm reromectire run oar cet cone 8% “The gure shows frastum ABCD of ight circular cone. The rai of the upper base and the lower base are 6 cm and 9 er especies, and the height ofthe fastum is Sem. art nr (@) Find he ength of VP (©) Find he volume of cone VBC (©) Find the volume ofthe frustum, (Give your answers in terms of if necessary) ("m= Solution Weta (0) ety = xem, then ¥Q= (+8) om v ee earat ae Yeomnecoatenntny | & ve a (eo de.~15) sen vps toc vO" 04 (Seer nd and asus “yt - mano ; ote Om 6x48 en a) Pg 6 VP= ex (Wane orn VAC= ea 6. (© © YO=(16+8)cm toma ‘Volume of gone VAD: pero or « Volume of the frustum = volume of cone VAD ~ volume of cone FBC (64841— 1927) cm? 6 em Quick Practice 7.13 ‘The igue shows a fustum ABCD of « right circular cone. The radius of tho upper bases Som, MN'=9 em and (2) Find the length of NA. 200 (8) Find the volume of cone VAD. sen (©) Find the volume ofthe frastum. 9 (Give your answers in terms of if necessary.) 734 Dies onevounes Consolidation Corner sare shows a frustum PORS of a right circular cone ‘The rai of the upper base and the lower base are 4 em and ‘em respectively The heignt of cone VSR is 4 em and that ‘ofthe frustum is em, Find (@) thevolumeof cone VFQ, © (©) the volume ofthe frustum, 2p (Give your ansvers in terms of 2.) 2. The figure shows a frustum ABCDHEFG. The upper base y and the lower base of the frustam are squares of sides 6 cm Ny and 12 em respestively, The height of the frustum is 4 cm, Find (@) the height of pyramid VABCD, son (the volume ofthe frustum, so (On this exercise unles otherwise spied, pve your answers correct 1 3 significant figures if necessary) Cavel) 1. The figure shows a frustum ABCDHEFG, The upper base and the lower base of the Fustum aze squares of sides 10cm and 15 cm respectively. The heights of pyramid VEPGH and pyramid VABCD are 6om and 9 em respectively Find the volumes of 0) sre 48, cna of frustum ABCDHEFG is 12.5 em. Find the volumes of — 135cm (@) pyramid VEFGH, © | () pyramid KABCD, (©) frastum ABCDHEFG, CEST) jen sr9en | 3. In the figure, ABCDHERG is 8 frustum of a right pyramid with height 12 em. Both bases of the frustum are rectangles ABl= Idem, BC= Sem, EF = 6em, FG= dem and the height of pyramid VABCD is 24 em. Find the volumes of (@) pyramid VABCD, 70. () pyramid VEFGH, (© frustum ABCDHEPG. ren 4. The figure shows frastum AICDEF. The upper base and the lower base of the feast are triangles of areas 27 en? and 75cm respectively. The height of pyramid VDEFis 12 em and the height of the Fustum is em, Find the volume ofthe fastum. = The figure shows a frustam ABCD of aright circular cone ‘Thedi ofthe upper base and the lower base are Tem and 14 em respectively Is given that PA = Gem and VN = 12cm. Find the volumes of (cone VAD, 202 (©) cone VBC, ‘020 (© frustum ABCD. sero (Give your answers in tems of 4) 16, The figure shows an inverted right conical paper cup of ase radius Sem and eight 8 cm which contains wate toa depth of 48 em fund the radius ofthe water surfaces 3 em. (@) Find the capacity of the papor cup. 222 () Find the volume of water needed to fill up the cup. eter 1. Inthe figure, ABDC isa frustum of a sight citculae cone. The radi fof the lower buse and the upper base are 3 em and 6 em respectively. tis given that 8 = Sem and VD = Wem. (@) Find the curved surfuce area of the rust, (©) Find the total surface aca of the frustum. soe (Give your answers in terms of 136 12) 8, The figure shows a frustum ABCDHEFG. The lower base is 3 square ACD of sie 18 em and the upper bases a square EFGH of side 6m. IVP = 8m, fied G@) thelengthof VO, (©) the volume of the rusts 40 9. The figure shows a frastum ABCD of a right citcular cone VBC. > ‘The radius of its lower base is 3 em. The height ofthe frustum i Sem, and the height of cone FAD is 6 em (9) Find the radius ofthe upper base. (©) Find the volume of the fistum ia terms of oe 10, The igure shows bucket inthe shape ofa righ frastum, The hh of the bucket i 30m, The radi ofthe upper base and the lower base ate LS em and 9 i respectively Find the capacity of the bucket in terms of x. eames) 100 on 11, Tho igure showsa frustum ASCDHEFG. The lower base and the ‘upper base ar squares of ares 64 en and 36 em? respoctvl. IF the height of the Feustum is6 cm, find the volume ofthe frvstum, 236 12, The figure shows frustum ABDC of a sight circular cone with y {BD = Wom. The adi ofthe upper base and the lower base are 12m and 18 respectively (@) Find (0) tne curve surface ofthe rust spate andthe ath of VB. pintng cost of each sof the frustum is .1, how much cs it cost to paint the frstum? 95 (Presses nape nd Soce 13, In the ir, some water is poured nto an iverted sight conial paper cup. The height and the base radios of the paper cup are OC _Soz #2 eo ' TDem and 6m respectively The bight ofthe water level cm. ==, | Find the inner surface area ofthe paper cup thats dey. 7 ov O14, The figure shows an inverted right conical ves of base radius 1S em and height 20 em which contains water to a depth of 16 om. Brian claims that 2300 em! more veer can be added into the vee without overflow, Do you agree? Explain your answer, vo 1S, Figure (a) shows @ right conical vest which contains ‘water toa depth of 20cm. After a stones placed in the Sel ip ante eel thes 2 ca, How : aefti2m Figure (Ifthe bight of the wes sea othe hn Kame is base ind f (©) thedameter of te wie srtac oon, 212 rons rom © techies aster ta rt, @) Spheres = In daily life, many objects are in the shape of a sphere. perwctacpers x oo temas caine be « tn the sphere shown on te ght, evry point on the surface of the ‘ sphere is equidistant from a fixed point O inside the sphere. The point is called the centre ofthe sphere. The distance between any point on the surface of the sphere and its centre (eg. OA, OB and OC is called the radius of the sphere e Note: The diameter ofa sphere is twice its radius @ A Volumes of Spheres ou The volume ofa sphere is determined by its radius IF r denotes the radius ofa sphere, then volume of a sphere Crample 724) rnsinevumeaspae Pevoimesta hee radius of the sphere in the figue is 6 em. Find encod pe Te the volume of the sphere in terms of ws proved by 9 Gok SC) You ean ase tert Solution te vom ota spnere x06) am! 3 Tsang a se em! ‘Volume of the sphere= Quick Practice 7.14 Find the volume ofa sphere with radius 4 cm, (Give your ansver correct to 3spnifcant figures) 2520 raged TAS) Sabatmnetenten tented Fs The volume of a bal s 9722 em’ Find the diameter ofthe ball 19 Solution Lat rem be the radius ofthe ball Volume ofthe ball= 972 em onan =o <-78 Diameter ofthe ball » 2% 9em Sem Quick Practice 7.15 Ga) Find the radius ofa sphere with volume 112 em* cornet to 3 significant figures 203en Find the volume ofa solid composed ofa Example 718) remsphereancacone sae igure shows aright circular cone whichis fully filled with ic cream, top part ofthe ice cream isin the shape of a hemisphere Ifthe base radius of th circular cone and the radius of the hemisphere are both m, and the height ofthe circular cone is 9cm, find the volume of the icecream in terms of Solution Volume of the icecream lume of the hemisphe 1 + volume of the eone sticaa's Lan xt?x3) en? rae = (18+ 272) em! 4Srem! ‘Quick Practice 7.16 A bullet is composed of cylinder and a hemisphere as shown in the figure. IF the base radius of the eylin ‘and the radi of the hemisphere a both 3 mm and the length ofthe bulls 25 mm, find the volume of the bull in terms of. S16 en Tool for meesuring matt spherical bets | \ T Cann, ‘reas and voles) Example 717) roviemineringievoumeotaspree sins AA sphere of radius 3 em is put into a cylindrical vessel containing some water, Ifthe base radius of the vessel is 6 em and the sphere is completely submerged inthe water, find the risen the water lve 2 7 Snawnaay see 3 -~ a Let hem be the rise in the water lew ‘Volume of the spre = volume of the rise in the water level Tbecing samp 737) Seeteny » hel “The rise inthe water levels em. Quick Practice 7.17 ‘A bull of radius 5 em can just be fited into a eyindicl can as shown in the figure. Water is then poured ito the cylinder nil che eslinder is | completely fled up. Find the depth of the water ifthe balls taken out from the eylindee ether “The diameter of a sphere is cm. Find the volume ofthe sphere terms of #. ou If the volume of a hemisphere is 150 em’, find the radius of the hemisphere correct 10 3 significant “The figure shows a solid metal cube of side lem. The cube is meltee and recast into a solid sphere, Find the radivs of the sphere correct to 3 significant figures. 623 =n WP conses tape ond space B Surface Areas of Spheres pjomsivaierenrs Wee sos esitore PER soci ipicen ee ee erases Stee Exploring the surface area ofa sphere In the following, we will use a foam ball, a cutter, ain anda thread ta guess the surtace ara ofa sphere Fare Fave raw 3 * eo . cE : = Fava gee) amie See eae eS ee ewet aoe 11. What isthe relationship between the areas ofthe curved surface and the flat surface of the hemisphere? Let be the radius ofthe foam ball. 2. (a) Express the area ofthe flat surface ofthe hemisphere in terms off => (©) Using the resuits obtained in question 1 and question 2), ‘express the curved surtace area ofthe hemisphere in tem of ce ay 7a (Diecast vokomes i) Inc forespher ofr — comee SRE : Gample 7:18) « Find the surface area of a sphere with diameter 30 em, fou (Give your answer in terms of 2.) ‘seen Surice ua espns 4x3(%) em? acne eet Mom | Sermon Quick Practice 7.18 (Give ouranswerin terms of.) seen (Crarapla 7.197 Kner aherphor een tet (€xample, urface area of a hemisphere zo a The radius of solid hemisphere sem. is total surface areas T80em?, Tena (2). Express the toal surface area ofthe hemisphere in terms of rand.» aad rome () Find the value of r correct to ? significant figures. oa Solution (Total surface area ofthe hemisphere © rose susan curved surface area + area ofthe lat surface one +a ont sar nt (©) Total surface area of the hemisphere sar = 780 = 9,10 (cor to 3s ig) Quick Practice 7.19 ‘The radius of a solid hemisphere rem. Its curved surface area is 16x em’. Find te value of (Leave your answer in sud form.) nas PPrecxues sane rd smne ea ofa 20d composed of Cama 72) encore ‘The figure shows a meine capsule composed oa einer and two ' Sottion acbe{tcms[{]] mm? ceteater se ee = 160mm? re Scanneniee = 2xax2x(IS—2%2) mm* _ : Total surface area of the capsule = (163+ 447) mm" = 60 mm Quick Practice 7.20 ‘The figue shows a solid. I isin thé shape of a hemisphere joined to a ten, cplinde. The overall height of the solid is 12 em and its diameter is 4 em. . Find the total surface ara of the sli. (Give your answer in terms of 2.) Forme for sirfoe oreo oF sphere Stes tage 1. Find the radius of a volleyball with surface area 1385 em! (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures) 05 ‘The diameter of a solid hemisphere is 4em. Find the total surfuee area ofthe solid in terms of Re 3. Ite figure, the inner surface area of a hollow sphere is "729m em andthe thickness of its slid parts 1.5 em. (@) Find the inner radius ofthe sphere, 19520 (©) Find the volume of the hollow sphere cores tothe nearest em 7a Exercise 7D) 3 mms (ln this xereise, unless otherwise spadfid, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.) (eel) 1. Find the volumes and the surfiee areas ofthe following spheres. Garg WET (Gie your aneyers in terms of) @ oe o be toa ec se = 108 et 2, Fin the volumes and the total surface areas of the followin hemispheres (Give your answers in terms of ) Cy 3. Find th radius ofa sphere in cach of the following cases (@) The surface ars of the spereis Mien ©) The volume of the sphereis 45007 em’, Ease) seen 4 Find the diameter of a solid hanisphere in each of the following cases (2) The volume of the hemisphere is [4 em’ () The total surface area ofthe hemisphere is 1922 cm’, EBT) The circumference of the Nat surface of a hemisphere (the yellow region in the igure) is 137 em Find the curved surface area ofthe hemisphere 22cm {6 Thearea of the largest crosssetion of a sphere ie Slat em? Find Va the volume ofthe sphere interns of one-one ( DW scces snopes space 10, The figure shows a spherical balloon with surface area 196z em (a) Find the radi of te alloon (@) Find the volume of the balloon correct to the nearest cm The surface area of sphere is equal to the total surface area of a oem cube of side 10cm. Find the radi of the sphere @ I 8 lead spheres of diameter 2m are melted and recast int a larger sphere, what isthe diameter of| the larger sphere? 1 he inner tadius of hollow sphere f 8 em, and the thickness of| its sold partis I cm, ind the volume of the solid part ofthe sphere in terms of. The volume of a sphere is equal to that ofa right circular cone with base radius 7 om and height 28cm, Find (@) the radius ofthe sphere, (©) the surface area of the sphere in terms of. our The figure shows a slid made up of a hemisphere and a cylinder of base ris 4 cm ain height 9 em, @ Find (©) Find the total surface area of the solid, CEame7 =) lume of the solid (Give your answers in terms of =) The figure shows a solid which consists of a cone of base radius en ‘cm, height 12cm and slant height 13 em, and a hemisphere of radi Se, (@) Find the volume of the solid. Ssmg=775) (©) Find the total surface ares of the said, 50 2 (Give your answers in terms of) Dire ana votes) ! Tevel 2) n. A chocolate ball of diameter 2.2m has ¢ nut inside it. Suppose the volume ofthe nu s 2. em’ and the cost of chocolate and that of a aut are Sem and SOS respectively. Find the cost of roca ball. In the ure, when 4 metal sphere is completely submerged in & cylindrical vessel of base diameter 64 cm, the water level rises by cm. Find the radius of the phere. GESTED) The solid in the figure is formed by a hemisphere and a eslinder. The radius of the hemisphere is 6 cm, The base rads and the hight of the csinder are 3 em and 6 em respectively (@) Find the votume of the slid. ese (©) Find the total surface aes of the solid. (Give your answers in terms of :) A bull can just be fed into «cubic eontine of side 10 em as shown in dhe figure. Water is then poured into the container until the container is completely filed un. Find the depth of the water if ‘he balls akon ou from the container em > lod ‘The figure shows a cylingsical container of base diameter 4 em and height 10 em, It conitns some water of depth 7.5 em. Harry ims ‘that if 60 spherical marbles of radius 0.5 cm are completely submerged inthe container, the water will overflow. Do you agree? Explain our answer roses so nsex: ow. a on, on, In the figure test tubo is standing upright on table 1 consists of ‘eylindrical part of base radius [3 em and a hemispherical part of| the same rads. 60 em? of waters poured into the test ube, ind the depth of waterin the test tbe. a9 The sold inthe figures obtained by drilling a conical hoe of base rai Sc and ght Sem om a wooden emp f rai (@) Find he volume of the solid (©) Find the total surface area of the solid and leave your answer in surd form. et rs 254 (Give your answers in terms of #2) ‘The fgue shows a solid consisting of right circular cone and a hemisphere. The volume ofthe cones that of the hemisphere (9) Find the eight ofthe cone. 6 (b) ened th total surface are of the oi intro In the figue, the intemal rags of hemispherical ceramic with uniform thickness 11 em, The volume of the ceramic is 92a em! (@) Find the external radius of the esramic. on (6) Find the total surface area ofthe ceramic. 72% (Give your answers in terms of if necesary) A manufacturer is going to paint a protection coating to prevent a stel cake mould from gsting oxid, The shape of the mould isa hemisphere of capacity L44 em and thiekness I mm. (@) Find the nner radius of thecake mould, ¢7 () Find the otal surface are ofthe mould in terms of #7 3 ©) I the coating costs $025fem, Hind the cost forthe ‘manufacturer to paintone mould. 5116 ¢ renee 24. The figure shows a sausage inthe shape of « hemisphere of radius 0 7 cm joined to a esinder of gt hem, where = Sr. The volute ofthe sausages 13cm! (@) Find the values of rand (©) The sausage is eu into two pars of equal volume along a plane Parallel to the base ofthe cylinder. Find the length of each Part. aSemanaseon 2S, Asshown in the figure, when a slid metal sphere of radi rem is meld and recast nto a soli ight ‘ireular cone, the base radi of the cone is the same asthe radius ofthe sper, (a) Find the height of the one in terms of 2 seen 4 s cone is larger than that ofthe sphere. Do you — (0) James claims thatthe tov surface area of the agre? Explain your answer. ss Formulas for Lengths, Areas and Volumes QV Tivmuvan cama Up til now, we have learnt many fermulas for calculating lengths (ce: perimeters and circumferences in plane figures. For example: Perimeter ofa rectangle = 2a +5) Circumference ofa circle = 2r ‘We can seo that lengths in plane figures are sums of the lengths (or "multiples ofthe lengths) of some ine segments. Hence, we say that the ‘measurement of length is a linear measurement, ic. one-dimensional Note: The common units of linet measurements are mm, em, m, km How about the measurement for areas and volumes? Exploring the characteristics of formulas for area and volume 11. (@) Write down the formulas forthe areas of the following figures. im @ pea = peas are (©) Check the number of measurements of lengths multiple together in each of the above formulas for areas. Are they ll qual to 27 {Wote:o? = a>a's considered as TWO measurements of lengths multiplied together) No 2.) Wite down the formula forthe areas and the volumes ofthe follwing figures A , / ‘ Curved surface area= 220" Curved surface area Surface area = —_ Volume = —__#* 750 (DW ieessand vous) (©) Check the number of measurements of lengths multiplied together in each ofthe above formulas orares Ave ty al equatto2?- C13) (Zve Ln (©) Check the number of measurements of lengths multiplied together in each ofthe above formulas for volumes. Are they al equal to 3? (ves On From Activity 74, we ean sce that each measurement of areas includes ‘product of two lengths othe sum of the products of two lengths. For example area ofa trapeciu x(a+ b)xh curved surface area of acon th ED samo ‘Thus, we say that the measurement of area is a quadratic measurement, ie. wo-dimensional measurement Note: The common units of quadratic measurements are mun’, em, mk Moreover the measurement of volumes each includes the produet of three lengths or the sum of the products of three lengths. volume of a eyinder = 27° volume ofa triangular prisn “Thus, we say thatthe measurement of volume is cule messurement, ic three-dimensional measurement. Note: The common units of eubic measurements are mm, em km’ 281 reves pesos CFT (@) In the figure, a cylindrical hole of base radius rand height i fs drilled from a tight circular cone of base radius ® and ‘eight 2. Complete the following table Dimension of the measurement represented hy the expression 2 Fen 3m aRlR OE aici i mike (@) For the expressions in (a), determine which of them may represent the volume o the solidi te figure based on the dimension of measurement. aoe weno Referring to the given figures, determine the dimensions of the measurements represented by the following expressions. (1-5) 1) Sats wee © 2 @ athe © @rb+eraye (erat ° 2 @ » © a Oren) | 4 @) Ones art ©) 2nft—F feren s @ Las+9 0) ates 4b+ 20) © seat 640) 6. Leta, band e be the linear measurements ofa figure, What isthe dimension of the measurement = EES 4. Imcach ofthe fllowing, two formulas wih diferent subjetsf and Fare given. Determine which represented bythe expresion | formula ean possibly represent the tol surace area or the volume of the given slid as shown. 53 Po ees 1 8 Each ofthe following isthe formula fr ether the area or the volu ‘mand mare constants, Find the wales of mand (o) Votumecttheotid= Sf) mea.e-t (0 Volumcot tests Hear ars RA) moan (©) Total surface area of the solid @B Similar Shapes In daily life, we sometimes se figures that have similar shapes. Here are some examples Ca A Similar Plane Figures [e020 For two similar plane Figures, thee isa relationship between the ratio of * jamnpbovom mrt, their areas and the ratio of thei corresponding sides or line segments), ee Activity 7 ‘The relationship between lengths and areas of simil plane figures In each of the following pairs of plane figures, the larger one is obtained by enlarging the smaller lone by a scale factor o Let and represent the length of corresponging line segments or radi ofthe orginal figure and the enlarged one respectively, while A, and 4; represent the aeas of the crigina igure ané the enlarged one respectively. 1. Complete the following table, 7S) ati feng Sitar plane gure tcoreponding des (orine segments) Fectngls eu = Ane) (Dees ana vues) 2. Fortwo similar plane Figures, whats the relationship between the rato of areas andthe ratio cl conespondng ses (ore segran #7 From Activity 75, we ean draw te following conclusion: For two similar plane figure, the rato of their areas is equal to the square of the ratio of any par of ther corresponding sides {oF lise segment) In other words if we use and ft represent the corresponding sides (or line segments) of two similar plane es; Ay and A, to represent the corresponding areas of the figues, then 8 | er Example 7:21) Find ne arent acicse s ‘he atioof the adi of wo cis is 3.1 the are ofthe at @ cite 18 em’, find the area ofthe larger circle . nyt cee ea Solution ae | A a ae 3 for urs ‘area of he smaller circle Gis ofthe smaller ice ‘Theat he two cies serena ‘ Area ofthe lrgeritle Ara of thelargercicle_ 25 Area ofthe larger circle Quick Practice 7.21 The sides of to squares ae i the eat 4:7. IF the area of the larger square is 98 em, find the are ofthe smaller squa xample 722) ‘The arcas of two similar plane figures are 98 et i respectively Ifthe perimeter of the larger (gute is 36 em, find the perimeter of the smaller figure Solution ihn: Perimeter ofthe smaller figure)? area ofhe smaller figure @ rs torstdents Perimeter of the ager igure | ~ area of he larger ure Te poimetenefthe tne 8 Quick Practice 7.22 “Tho tato of the areas of two regular hexagons is 25:9. If the lenath of @ side of the smller hexagon is 21cm, Sind the length ofa side ofthe Inez peony Caample?.23) rovensinarngsminrvingis ssi ‘The figure shows BABC, where D and E are the mid-poins of AB and 4 AC respectively. I the area of AABCis 40 em find (@) thearea of ADE, () the area of quadrilateral DBCE Solution ©: Pr scents (a) = AABC~AADE (AAA) ym me portncerm, Arcaof AADE _(40) woke ob ‘Areaof A4BC (4B) Woon Area of ADE Wem Area of AADE (0) Avea of quadrilateral DBCE = area of AABC~ area of AADE ’ (40 - 10) cm Quick Practice 7.23 Inthe igure, ADB and AECarestrught ines, AD: DB= ABB IF the atea of AADE is Lec find te aren of quadrilateral DBCE. 200! ws | Forma forsimio plane ures, Meters Find the value of in each ofthe following pairs of similar plane figures Find the value of y in each of the following pairs of similar plane figures. In the figure, ACE and BCD ae straight lines. A// DE und AB: DE=2:3, (@) the perimeter of 4ABCis 32 em, find the pevimeter of ACDE se () Ifthe area of ACDB is 156m find the area of ABC. "x B Similar Solids ]~- mn? Like sila plane figures, there are relationships among the Dotmnrogn ‘ (a) lengths of the corresponding sides (or line segments), mam (©) areas ofthe corresponding suraees, © volumes of any wo similar solids, ety cvs CGPS ssssca imei ‘The relationship between lengths, areas and volumes of simil solids tn each of the following pas of sols, the larger one is obtained by enlarging the smaller one by @ scale factor of k Let 6, and 4, represent the lengths of corresponding line segments of the original slid andthe enlarged one respectively. Let , and A, represent the areas of corresponding srlaces ofthe orginal sold andthe enlarged one respectively. (Dire nd vues Let ¥ ad V, represent the volumes ofthe origina sold and the enlarged one respectively. 11. Complete the following table Tato of nate ] |_ sige (ortine segment) a) inde 4B) oR 2. Fortwo similar solids, what isthe relationship berween each ofthe following pais ofthe ratios? Fillin the boxes withthe appropeate ince. oP o(P From Activity 7.6, we can draw the following conclusion en ca ss Fortwo similar solids = |. the ratio f the areas of thet corresponding surfaces is equal Th to the square of the ratio of any pair of corresponding sides {or line sezments), 2 the ratio of their volumes is equal t the cube ofthe rato of any par of corresponding sides or line seamen) Tn other words if we use f, and & 1 representa pair of corresponding nents) of two similar oli; 4, and; o represent the areas of pair of corresponding surfaces; V, and V to represent the sides (or tine se corresponding volumes of the solids then =~ Yon 60 on Dr sug nswce | The ratio of the heights of 100 similar pyramids is 3:7. Ifthe total sure area of the larger pyramid i 98 em’, find the total surface area ofthe smaller pyramid, Solution Qs sor stators Tota suiace are ofthe 3p Fer ent iok t ot Tantra aso ep re” (7) Semetel ecoenceg Total surface sre ofthe sale pyramid _9 ee on » Total surface area ofthe smaller pyramid = 2 98cm? Wom? Quick Practice 7.24 “The ratio of the diameters of two spheres is 9: 16. F the surfce area of ‘the smaller sper is 40.5 cm, find the surface area of the larger sphere Exampie 7225) Find the total uae ara of silat cone ‘There are two similar circular cones. The volume of the smaller cone is i that ofthe larger cone (@) Find the ratio of the height of the smaller cone to that of the larger cone () I the total surface area ofthe larger cone i 100 em find the total surface are ofthe smaller cone. € eieen Testy Bue 725 xm) © er sases Haig fhe smaller coe) 1 sp, © [feeahr ofthetarercone } ” 8 necompensn ie Heit ofthe sale cone 1 sont Tit of ie largercone ™ 2 age 38 The ratio of the height of the smaller cone to that of the uly op Jarger cone is 1:2. Sees ota wt gy) “Total surfiogaea ofthe amar cone ©) “Totus re ofthe recone Total suri rea ofthe mal 100 en Total srfaee area ofthe sulle cone 10 Quick Practice 7.25 There ate two similar bots The tote surface areas of the smaller bottle and the larger bottle are SO em and 1400 em! respectively (@) Find the ratio ofthe eight of th smaller bol 10 that ofthe large bot» (©) 1 the capacity of the larger bot 125 Lind the capacity ofthe smaller bot (Cxampie 7.26) rsiesina Inthe figure, ABDC isa frustum of a right cieular cone VCD. The heights of cone VA and frastum AADC are 4m and 6 cm respectively. ® Find the ratio of the curved surfuce area of cone cone VCD. VAB to that of (Find the ratio of the volume of cone FB to that of frstum ABDC Solution sit of cone A ihe of sone PCD) Curved surface area of come VA @ Cursed surface ares of sone VCD “The ratio of the curved surface area of cone VAB to that of cone VCDs 4:25, () Let F, and ¥ be the volumes of cone Aland cone VCD respectively Testing tame 738) tof cone VCD) iad VD The vues cl oe Oireerandvaunest) @ or tor students DP reeves sce ausmnce Volume of one VA Volume offastum ABDC ~ ‘The ratio ofthe volume of cone VA2 to that of frustum ABDCi88 IN. Quick Practice 7.26 In the figure, a pyramid is cu along a plane parallel 10 its base tw obtain a smaller pyramid A and afrustim BI the heights fof pyramid and frustur are 6 est and 3 em eespectivey, Find the eatio of the total area of all neal faces of pyramid to that of frustum «2 (erie Find the value of x in each of the following pairs of similar solids ® AQ iF | In the figure, a frustum is obtained by cutting a smaller cone from a larger cone. The ratio of the volume of the smaller cone to that ofthe larger cone i 8:27 (@) IF the height of the larger cone is 15 em, find the height of the smaller cone, oon () Find the ratio of the curved surface area of the smaller one to that of the frustum, 5 ange alse Cirsium ayy (Cxrercise 7F ) inthis exercise, unless otherwise specified, give your answers corec to 3 significant figures necessary) cH Find the unknowns inthe following pis of similar plane figures (1-3) Litem ' Insach of the folowing pais of similar solids und B, 4) find theratios of (a) the total surface area of to that of 2, (8) the volume of 4 to that of 8. ie. een oo oa4, & 8 Find the unknowns in the following pits of similar solids. ($8) os sen ry et Presses sme mesons 9. The areas of two similar 10d stars a8 shown are in the ratio 9:4. If the perimeter of the larger star is 45 em, find the perimeter of the smaller star. CEa722) en 10, The igure shows two similar paintings A and B with lengths of diagonals 42 em and 48 cm respectively. What isthe area of pinting 4 asa percentage of thearea of painting BY 2%. 11, The heights of two similar solid gold horse in a jewellery shop t 2 shor a3 em ad $m epee the smaller bors Weighs 0.8 kg, find che weight ofthe larger hore, (Assume the Po ‘eight ofthe horse is proportional is volume) 97019 Te oe (Geez), 12, The zeal area of a playground is 784 mF the area ofthe playground on the map it 49 cm find theseale of the map. 1-0 13, The volumes of two similar circular cones are 54cm? and 128 em’ respectively, and the height of the larger cones 16 cm. (2) Find the height ofthe smaller cone. (Find the ratio ofthe base radius of the smaller cove o that af the larger co (6) Find the ratio ofthe curve surface area ofthe smaller cone to that of the larger 14, In the igure, the total surface areas of two similar sold eylindrs ‘A and B are 1 em and 50 em respectively (2) Find the aio ofthe curved surface atea of to that of . 9 () Ifthe volume of 4 ix 4m find the volume of B. 280 18, Inthe igure AEPG-and ABCD are two similar rectangles AGD and AEB ae sraight Hines f AE : AB = 3:5 find the ratio ofthe area ofthe yellow region to that ofthe bv region. 9 16. 1. 20, a, Diesandvounesa “The figure shows AABC, ADB and AEC are straight nes Is given “ that AD: DB= 4:1 (2) Write down a pai of similar triangles. <0 ano () Find the ratio of the area ofthe orange region to that of the yellow region, Coane) : Tn the figure, ABC, AFB and BDC ave sruight lines. AB/JED and 4 ACH FD. Its given that BD: DC= 2:1. Let X, ¥ and Z be the a areas of ABDF, parallelogram 4FDE and ACED respectively . (2) © Find ¥s(V+ V4 Zand 2104 YZ) 09.1.0 le (Fed r+ 42) 09 2 (0) If the area of ACED is 10 em", henoe of otherwise, find the rea of parallelogram AFDE, «= Inthe figure, a pyramid is cut along a plane paral o its base o obtain «salle pyrmid and astum. Ifthe DS fade ee leo healer pana att Sao aise, a ‘The figue shows a container inthe shape of aright circular cove with rater of depth Sem. If Harry poured some water inc the container such thatthe depth of water inreased by I cm, find the percentage ‘ncreasein the area ofthe wet srface ofthe container When a sphere expand inder heating is surace area increases by 21%. Find the percentage increase in (®) theradius of the sphere, 10% (8) the volume ofthe sphere, ‘The igure shows a right pyramid VDEF and its frustum ABCFDE, where VC: CF= 2:1 (@) Find the ratio of the total area of lateral faces of pyramid PABC that of frustum ABCEDE, « (@) the volume of pyramid VAC i 16 em’, find the volume of peramid VDER., on (apa 22, In the figure, the volumes of two similar eight circ sad ADE are in the ratio 27:8 cones ABC 4 (@) Find the ratio of the radius of the lower base to that of the upper base of frastum BCED. 3:2 (©) the curved surface area offeustum BCED is 20cm’ find the curved surface area of cone ADE. 1223. Inthe figure, two similar frustums ar obtained from a right cireular cone with base radius 30m ad height 25 cm. Let rom be the radi of the upper base of the smaller fastum, (@) Find the value ofr. 108 (@) Find the volume of the smaller rustum in terms of 27008 24, 4 and B are to similar solid stone fish of length 6em and respectively. When stone fish Ais put into 2 rectangular vessel which contains some wator,the water level rises by 0.8 em. What isthe further ie in the water level when stone fish Bs put into the ves? 225. The figure shows two wooden cubic boxes A and B with outer sides Sem and 10 em Both of them are of uniform thickness 0.5 em. Billy claims that they are similar solids: Do you agree? Explain your 166 1. Pyramid coann Volume = ‘Total surface area = total are of lateral faces + base area Example 1 Refer tothe regular pyramid VABCD on the right. \ sa! fo ° a Right cheular cone Volume = ar / ced fe a= whe Ta ute r= r+ Example 2 Refer othe ight ciel one VA nthe sgh 108+ OF = va (th too) Veet hee Sad? “otal surface are ofthe cone = (8303x542) ex 2. Sphere : ‘tinone Sa? Ey Ke Surface area = 4a? Example 3 Refer totes on be ah. Yelume of te sphere Serco the sphere Seaxé a! sawug at = 280m 4, Formulas for measurement ‘The measurement of lengths a linear measurement, ie. one-dimensional measurement The measurement of area isa quadratic measurement, two-dimensional measurement “The measurement of volume is «cubic measurement, Le three-dimensional measurement 5. Similar shapes (@) Similar plane figures (©) Similar solids If we use 6, and 6 to represent a pair of corresponding sides (or line vegmens) of two similar plane Figures; Ay and 4s we use and 6 co represent a pair of corresponding sides ot line segments) of two similar solids; 4 and 4, to represent nto ste atv aa A,_ (4%) my [4% (AF a 15 [= ef] Find he unknowns xan yn the pir of sitar cones a shows on the ight (Give your angers interme i aces) i fee a ee 168 Qumazm (ln this exercise, unless otherwise specified, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary) 1, Determine whether each ofthe following statements i correct. Iti corres, puta “4” the box otherwise, puta" (2) Allee lateral foes ofa right pyramid ae isosceles triangles a (6) The net of «right circular cone is composed of «sector and a circle a (©) Fora circular cone of base radius rand height, the measurement Yr isa quadratic measuremen Ea) (@) Fortwo similar pyramids, 4 and 8, the ratio ofthe total areas of al lateral surfaces of to is equalto the ratio of the base areas of 4 to B. Find the volumes ofthe following solids. 4) npuccircom 2 Find the total surface areas of the fellowing solids ¢$ ~7) 8. The ratio of the corresponding sides of two similar plane figures 3:4, Find the ratio of the areas ofthe smaller pane Figure to the larger plane figure. © 9, The Figure shows a frustum ABCD of a right circular cone. The radii of the upper base and the lower base are 3 em and 6 em respectively. WW = Sem and Vif = 10 em. Find the volume of the frustum, 0 (Revision Exercise 7) (ln this exercise, unles otherwise specified, give your answers correct 10 3 significant figure if necesary) Gea) Shee 1. Find the volume and th otal surface area ofthe regular pyramid inthe figure. wars om 2. Find the volume of the pyramid im the figure. 24 gto ‘3. Find the volume andthe total surface area of the right cirular cone in the figure. (Give your answers in terms of.) 4. Find the volume and the total suface aes of the hemisphes the figure (Give your answers in terms of 1.) ‘5. Thesurface area of «spheres 201 cm (@) Find the radius of the sphers «co (©) Find the volume of the sphere, 6. The figure shows a fustum ABCDHEFG, The upper base and the lower hase of the frustum ate squares of sides 8 em and 16 em respostively. The heights of pyramids VARCD and VEFGH are 9. and 18cm respectively. Find the volume ofthe frustum. ste 9. e 10. on. e 2 Grenendveune an The sl in the fei compose of # inde and hemisphere Find is volume and tosis area ams of. 1A | L ‘The sold inthe figure is composed ofa right circular cone and ea ¢ ‘cylinder. Find is volume and total surface ae in terms of ) |oan > mp Explain youransver. you Bod on 220, The figure shows a right circular cone with base diameter 10 em. It ° isgiven that 2 AV = 6, wher AB ia diameter ofthe bas, (@) Find the total surface area ofthe eone in terms of. 7! (©) Find the volume of the cone. 27 21, Thre identical tenis balls of radius 4 cm can just be fied into a colindrcal can. Find the volume of the empty space in the can in terms of x. 20 922, The figure shows a sold steel part which is composed ofa cylinder and a hemisphere, The base racius and the height of the cylinder are 5 em and 20 cm respectively, nd the radius of the hemisphere is 10 cm. Ifthe stoe partis melted and recast nto a solid sphere find the radius of the sphere. 628 23, The figure shows the vertical eoss-seetion of hemispherical bowl ‘The capacity and thickness of the bowl are 14" cm and 0.5 em respestively, Find the volume of the material required to make the bow. i220 24, ‘The figure shows a slid which is composed of « hemisphere and & cinder of the same volume. The radius ofthe hemisphere is ual to the base radius of the elinds. The volume ofthe solids 36m (@) Find the radius ofthe homispes () Find the height ofthe einer, on (©) Find the total sur ez ofthe solid in terms of #89 rc sss, shape and Space “The figure shows a conical vest of base radius 12cm and height Sem. It contains water of 1500 em! IF 23 identical slid spheres of radi 2 em ate put into the vessel and completely submerged in the Wate, wll the water overflow? Explain Your answer © 26, Inthe figura frustum ABCD i eut fom a righ circular cone VBC of base radius 3 em and height 12 em, The radius ofthe upper base And the eight of the Frastum are 2em and hem respective (®) Find the value of h. + (©) Find the volume of the frustum in terms ofa. ©'27. The figure shows an iron container in the shape of an inverted hollow frustum which i eu fom a regular pyramid VABCD. ABCD isa square of side 16cm, EFGH is a square of side 8 cm, and the height of the container is 6 em. (@) Find the bight ofthe original pyramid VABCD. 20m (©) Find the volume ofthe container. so 28, An inveried right conical veel of height 12cm is fully filled with water, The base diameters 14 em (@) Find the volume ofthe wate inthe conical vessel in terms of. © isis sie aie meee e int aeylnsal vse! with the te ba dameter an height ast ft conve : Nessa Find the water level of the cylindrical vese, «on (a) Find the area ofthe surface inside the clinical vesel that is in contact with water in terms of. 1st 128, The figure shows a conical objet that is composed of small right circular cone VAB and a frastum ACDB. The heights of the smal ‘rear cone and the Fustum are 3 m and 4m respectively (@) Find the ratio of the cursed surface area of the sll crear ‘cone to that ofthe Feastum. 240 (©) The curved surface of the small eieular cones now painted in purple and that of the frastum is punted in gren. If 2 cans of purple paint have been used to put the cone, how many cans fof green paint ae equiod to paint the frutum? {Give your answer in fraction) © 2m. 2 “The figure shows a creuae cone that i composed of thee part, ‘one is cirlar cone A, one is © smaller fastum andthe remained ‘one is bigger frustum C. Suppose the heights of thee pats are the (@) Find the ratio ofthe curved surface areas of slid 410 B10 C (©) Find the ratio of the volumes of solids 4 t B10 C ° Tn the figure, ABCD is trapezium where AB i! DC. AC mesis BD a PIs given that AB: DC=3: Sand theara of AAPBis 4S em (2) Weite down a pai of similar triangles. 20 () Find the area of ACPD. 125. (©) Find the area ofthe trapezium, 5009 AA regular tetrahedton is a pyramid in which the four faces are congruent equilateral triangles Suppose the sie ofthe tetrahedron is dam, find (2) the total surge are ofthe tetrahedron, 277 () the volume ofthe tetrahedron. 78 ‘An hourglas consists of 180 height of each cone i 10cm. The two cones ate connected at thei common verex by a small hole which allows water to flow from one cone tothe other cone. At the beginning, the depth of the water in the upper cone is Sem. Find the depth of dhe water in the lower ‘one when all the water has loved down tothe lower cons, 0 tical right circalar cones and the “Tho figure shows right conic funnel of height 12.m and capacity 128 em*, Initially, i is Fully filed with liquid, The liquid leaks through a small hole at the apex of the Funsel into an empty ‘indica container. When the depth ofthe liquid inside the Funnel Towers by 3m, the depth of the liguid inside the eylindrial (@) Find the base area of thecslinrial container, 48 (8) When the liquid inside the Funnel i completely transfered to the cylindrical container without any overflow, what is the epi of the liquid inside the elindrial container? 0 The figure shows a frustum of a right circular cone, in which the radii of the upper base and the lower base are 3 em and 6 em respectively. The volume and te height of the frstum are 105z em! and rom respectively (@) Find the value off (©) Find the curved surface area ofthe rustum, Dien adore Ta wae 236, O31 é s {A sold right pyramid with » square base of side 6 cm and height Wem is put nto rectangular container with the same square base ss the pyramid. Waters then poured into the container toa depth of (@) Find the volume of the pyramid that is below the water surface, (@) IF the pyramid i taken out from the container, ind the depth of water inthe container, c472en [Mrs Lee is planning to make tasty circular fruit pie. The pie should be big enough to serve 25 guests I she estimates that each vest sable to eat a smaller circular frit pie of diameter 10 em, ‘what isthe diameter of the frit pie that she should make? (Assume the thiknes of theft pie remains unehanged.) 020 A cslindscal container of base radius Sem is inital led with some water, Then, two similar cylinders, as show in the igure, are put into the container and they ae totally immersed in wate. The ‘water lvl is nrensed by 7 em. The volume ofthe larger cylinders 13S en (2) Find the volume ofthe smaller eylinderin terms of sax =» () Find the ratio ofthe curved surface area of the smaller eylindor to that ofthe larger lines. « (©) Weis given that (1) the sum of ase rai ofthe two similar eyinders ase rains ofthe container, 2) the sum of heights of the two similar eyinders haht of the container ‘Are the container and the two cylinders of similar shapes? Explain your answer. os The figure shows a frstum of a right eirular cone The radi ofthe upper base and the lower base are and R respectively. The height ofthe frustum ish. Let VP = Show that @ » © met te tm =! si Multiple Choice Questions \ i. Inthefigure, VABCD isa right pyramid with 3, square base isthe point of intorsction of AC and BD. Its given that AD = 3em and pyramid, A) Wem BR dSem © wen! D. em? oem, Find the volume of the “Dr Nees anavtunes 5 The sold in te igure sfrmed bya ight circular cone and aright cylinder. Which of the folowing can be expressed by arr 64 28)? : ae A. Thevolume ofthe sold 2. The igure shows a sold ight ireslarcoe eeu e of cured suace wea 135 sn, Find the ane te steer eed ee CTheciumfrene ofthe bao he cine ae 1D. The height of the solid ~ he ih ofthe oil © ikem ‘ >. 2em 3. Given thatthe yume of hemisphere is : 18x em find is curved ura rea nwa aa A Ben “he fire shows sphere A, a ilar cone et Band onder C The the sis ae of : the eume bight If their volumes ae, 2 © ae ‘and ¢ respectively, which of the following is. >. 2am = e The figure shows sphere ameter de A. a>b>6 toluneis¥. Which of he fllong canbe B coda the fom forthe ura ae of the sper? G chard D. b>a>e a ie D 7. Four identical spheres of radius 3 em are melted and recast into a citcular cone of height 3m, Find the base area of the cone orem? 1 en? 36 on? 4 em? 178 Tn the figure, the ngths ofthe corresponding 10 slant edges of to sila pyramids ae 10 em and 30cm respoctively If theta area ofall lateral faces ofthe smaller pyramid i em, then the total are larger pyramids falar foes of the B64 em @ oem D. 27d em. In the figure, ABCD is frostam of right circular cone The adi ofthe upper base and the over base are em and em respective The height of cone VAB is 9 om. Find the volume ofthe frastum. Bux en? © xem D. 48cm! The figure shows # container which is standing upright, The container isin the shape of an inverted sight pyramid with « square base of side 6 em. The height of the container is 6m, 9 em? of water is poured into the container, Find the depth of the A. 075em BR Lsem © 2em B) sem Sample Question and Suggested Solution “The figure shows a container inte form of a eastum which s made by cutting off the lower part of an inverted righ circular cone of base radius 36 em and height 8 em. The height of the containor is 30cm. “The container is placed on a horizontal table Some waters now poured into the container. The rive of the water surface measured is 24cm. Find the area ofthe wet curved stface ofthe contner in terms of (masks) Solution 5) @ —_Letrembe te base radius of thelower pat ofthe mere right _| Common Motes circular cone. Some studens 1.8" vG ‘wrongly use the eight xo 8 ofthe container t zi find the radius of the ad lower part of the res

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