6.

1 Is the state-space equation:

[ ] []
−2 3 0 1
ẋ ( t )= 1 0 0 x (t ) + 0 u ( t )
0 1 0 0

y ( t ) =[ 0 1 3 ] x (t )
Controlable? Observable?

1
6.2 Is the state-space equation:

[ ] [ ]
0 1 0 0 2
ẋ ( t )= 0 0 1 x ( t ) + 1 0 u ( t )
0 2 −1 0 0

y ( t ) =[ 1 0 −2 ] x ( t )
Controlable? Observable?

2
6.3

3
6.7

4
6.8

5
6.10

6
6.11

7
6.12

8
6.14

9
6.15

10
6.16

11
6.17 Check the controllability and observability of the Problem 5.1.

12
6.22

13
6.26

14
6.27

15
6.28

16
6.29

17
7.1 Given
s+ 2
^g ( s )=
( s −1 ) ( s+2 )
2

Find a three-dimensional controllable realization. Check its observability.

18
7.2

19
7.3

20
7.8

21
7.10

22
7.13 Use the Markov parameters of ^g ( s )=1/ ( s+1 )2 to find an irreducible companion-form realization.

23
7.14 Use the Markov parameters of ^g ( s )=1/ ( s+1 )2 to find an irreducible balanced-form realization.

24
7.15 Consider the two state-space equations:

ẋ ( t )= [ 11 20] x ( t ) +[ 10] u( t ) , y ( t )=[ 2 2 ] x (t )

And

[ ] []
ẋ ( t )= 3 −2 x ( t ) + 1 u (t ) , y ( t )=[ 2 −2 ] x ( t )
1 0 0

Are they minimal realization? Are they zero-state equivalent? Are they algebraically equivalent?

25
7.19

26
7.20

27
7.23

28