QUANTITATIVE REASONING 3

Quantitative Reasoning
Quantitative reasoning involves the ability to solve Sol. (a) Price increased = 85 - 80 = ` 5
various problems through mathematical ability along 5
\ Percentage increased = ´ 100 = 6.25%
with logical and mental ability. Quantitative reasoning 80
test is designed to test the ability of a candidate to solve
Ex. 05 In an exam of 80 questions, a correct
the various Mathematical problems which are
answer is given 1 mark, a wrong answer is given -1
encountered in day to day life. To solve the problems on
Quantitative reasoning, a candidate should have a mark and if a question is not attempted there are zero
knowledge of concepts of Arithmetic or basic marks. If a student attempted only 80% of the
Mathematics. questions and got 32 marks, then how many questions
did he answer correctly?
Examples given below, will give you a better idea about (a) 48 (b) 16 (c) 56 (d) 32
the types of questions asked in various examinations. 80 ´ 80
Sol. (a) Question attempted = 80% of 80 = = 64
Ex. 01 A man climbing up a wall of 24 m high. He 100
climbs 16 m in a day but slipped back by 3 m 40 cm in Now, let the number of questions answered correctly = x
the evening. How far had the man reached on that day? \ Number of questions answered wrongly = 64 - x
(a) 11.4 m (b) 12.6 m According to the question,
(c) 12 m 40 cm (d) 19 m 40 cm x ´ 1 + (64 - x) x - 1 = 32
Sol. (b) Distance covered by man in a day x - 64 + x = 32
= (16 - 3.4) m = 12.6 m Þ 2x = 64 + 32 Þ 2x = 96
\ x = 48
Ex. 02 The weights of 4 boxes are 90, 40, 80 and 50
kilograms. Which of the following cannot be the total \ Number of questions answered correctly = 48
weight, in kilograms, of any combination of these Ex. 06 How many odd numbered pages are there in
boxes and in a combination a box can be used only once? a book of 1089 pages?
(a) 200 (b) 260 (a) 542 (b) 545 (c) 544 (d) 546
(c) 180 (d) 170 Sol. (b) Odd pages in the book are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … 1089.
Sol. (a) For option (b), 90 + 40 + 80 + 50 = 260 Here, every alternate page is odd starting from 1. So, if the
For option (c), 90 + 40 + 50 = 180 total number of pages was an even numbered, then the half
For option (d), 90 + 80 = 170 number of pages will be odd numbered and half will be
But in option (a), the sum of any numbers given in question even. But, here the total number of pages is odd.
is not 200. Total number of pages + 1
So, required number of pages =
2
Ex. 03 A shepherd had 17 sheeps. All but nine 1089 + 1 1090
died. How many was he left with? = = = 545
2 2
(a) 17 (b) 9
(c) Nil (d) 8 Ex. 07 At the end of a business conference all the
Sol. (b) According to the question, ‘All but nine died’. ten people present, shake hands with each other only
This statement means that ‘All except nine died’ i.e. nine once. How many handshakes were there altogether?
sheeps remained alive and others died. (a) 20 (b) 45 (c) 55 (d) 90
So, shepherd was left with 9 sheeps. Sol. (b) Clearly, the total number of hand shakes
= 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 45
Ex. 04 John used to buy petrol at the rate of ` 80
It can also be calculated with the help of formula.
per litre till last month. Now he buys it at the rate of
n (n - 1)
` 85 per litre. By what percentage did the petrol price Total number of handshakes =
2
increase as compared to last month? where, n = number of people
(a) 6.25% (b) 8.35% 10 (10 - 1) 10 ´ 9 90
(c) 5.5% (d) 10% Total number of handshakes = = = = 45
2 2 2
 4 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

Ex. 08 There are deer and peacocks in a zoo. By Students who can play only Flute and Guitar
counting heads they are 80. The number of their legs = 10 - (3 + 2 + 4) = 10 - 9 = 1
is 200. How many peacocks are there? \ Students who can play only Flute = 12 - (3 + 3 + 1)
(a) 60 (b) 50 (c) 20 (d) 30 = 12 - 7 = 5
Sol. (a) Assuming deer = d and peacock = p Ex. 10 A survey of 100 candidates with respect to
´4
Head ® d + p = 80 ¾ ¾¾® 4d + 4 p = 320l …(i) their choice of icecream flavour-vanilla, chocolate and
Legs ® 4d + 2 p = 200 ® 4d + 2 p = 200 …(ii) strawberry produced the following information. 50
(As, a deer has 4 legs and a peacock has 2 legs) candidates like vanilla, 43 like chocolate, 28 like
From subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get strawberry, 13 like vanilla and chocolate, 11 like
120 chocolate and strawberry, 12 like strawberry and
2 p = 120 Þ p = = 60
2 vanilla and 5 like all the three flavours. How many
Ex. 09 In a music class, 12 students can play flute, candidates like chocolate and strawberry, but not vanilla?
(a) 24 (b) 10 (c) 32 (d) 6
11 can play guitar and 10 can play violin. 6 students
Sol. (d) According to the given information,
can play flute as well as guitar and 3 out of these can
also play violin. 3 students can play only guitar and 100 13

4 students can play only violin. How many students

Vanilla Chocolate
can play only flute? (50) 5 (43)
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
Sol. (b) According to the given information, 12 4 11
6
Strawberry (28)
Flute 5 3 3 Guitar Since, number of candidates who like chocolate and
(12) 3 (11)
1 2 strawberry = 11
4 Violin And, number of candidates who like all the three flavours
(10)
(chocolate, vanilla, strawberry) = 5
Students who can play only Guitar and Violin \ Number of candidates who like chocolate and strawberry,
= 11 - (3 + 3 + 3) = 11 - 9 = 2 but not vanilla = 11 - 5 = 6

Practice Questions
1. The sum of all the 3-digit numbers which are formed (c) is equal to Yellow balls minus Green balls
by the digits 1, 2 and 3 without repetition of digits, is (d) Cannot be ascertained
(a) 1233 (b) 1321 (c) 1323 (d) 1332 6. Two horses A and B run at a speed of 3 : 2 ratio in the
(e) None of these first lap; during the second lap the ratio differs by 4 :
2. A florist had 133 roses. She sold 5/7 of them. How 7; during the third lap the ratio differs by 8:9. What is
many roses had she left? the difference in ratio of speed altogether between the
(a) 58 (b) 38 (c) 57 (d) 19 two horses?
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2
3. ‘4 is even and 8 is odd’. What is the truth value of this?
(a) Given statement is true (b) Given statements is false 7. The number of students in an art class is increasing
(c) 32 (d) Cannot be determined month after month as follows. Find the number of
students in June from the following information.
4. At a party, the number of girls is half the number of
boys. After an hours, five boys leave the party and Month Number of students
three girls join the party. How many people were January 1
present at the party an hour before?
February 2
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 24 (d) 22
March 4
5. There are some balls of Red, Green and Yellow colour
lying on a table. There are as many Red balls as there April 7
are Yellow balls. There are twice as many Yellow balls May 11
as there are Green ones. The number of Red balls is
June ?
(a) is equal to the sum of Yellow and Green balls
(b) is double the number of Green balls (a) 16 (b) 13 (c) 15 (d) 14
 QUANTITATIVE REASONING 5

8. The heights of three towers are in the ratio 5 : 6 : 7. If 18. A man has ` 480 in the denominations of one-rupee
a spider takes 15 min to climb the smallest tower, how notes, five-rupee notes and ten-rupees notes. The
much time will it take to climb the highest one? number of notes of each denomination is equal. What
(a) 15 min (b) 18 min (c) 21 min (d) 54 min is the total number of notes that he has?
(a) 45 (b) 60 (c) 75 (d) 90
9. The weights of 4 boxes are 80, 60, 90 and 70 kg.
Which of the following cannot be the total weight, in 19. In a company, 60% workers are males. If the number
kilograms, of any combination of these boxes and in a of female workers in the company is 800, what is the
combination a box can be used only once. number of male workers in the company?
(a) 300 (b) 230 (c) 220 (d) 290 (a) 1600 (b) 1400 (c) 1900 (d) 1200
10. The price of onions is shown below for every fiftheen 20. The flowers kept in a basket doubles in every one
days. Find the price in the 3rd week of February. minute. If the basket gets completely filled by flowers
in 30 min, then in how many minutes 1 th of the
Period Dec. Dec. Jan. Jan. Feb. 1st Feb. 4
1st 3rd 1st 3rd week 3rd basket was filled with flowers?
week week week week week 15 45
(a) 15 min (b) 28 min (c) min (d) min
Price 20 60 40 120 100 ? 2 2
21. Some birds are sitting on two branches A and B. If
(a) 140 (b) 300 (c) 180 (d) 320
one bird of the branch A fly away and sit on branch B,
11. 8 people are present in a meeting. In the end of then the number of birds on both the branches will
meeting all people shake hand to each other. Find the become equal. But if a bird from branch B flies and
number of handshakes at the end of a meeting? sits on the branch A then the number of birds on
(a) 56 (b) 28 (c) 48 (d) 64 branch A is double of branch B. What number of
birds were sitting on branch A at the beginning?
12. A person is given 1 rupee for shooting at the target
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
and if he misses, then he has to give 1 rupee. If he
gets 30 rupees for 100 chances then how many 22. A factory produced 1858509 cassettes in the month of
chances did he miss? January, 7623 more cassettes in the month of
(a) 25 (b) 35 (c) 40 (d) 45 February and owing to short supply of electricity
produced 25838 less cassettes in March than in
13. There were a total of 10 bicycles and tricycles. If the
February. Find the total production in all?
total number of wheels was 24, how many tricycles
(a) 5557312 (b) 5983245
were there?
(c) 5564935 (d) 5608988
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 18 (d) 4
23. Which number will be in the middle if the following
14. P is greater than Q by 60% and greater than R by
numbers are arranged in descending order? 4456,
30%. The ratio of Q and R is
4465, 4655, 4665, 4565
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(a) 4456 (b) 4465 (c) 4565 (d) 4655
(c) 13 : 16 (d) 16 : 13
24. Two persons A and B get the same salary. Their basic
15. In a group of cows and hens, the number of legs are
pay are different. The allowances of A and B are 65%
14 more than twice the number of heads. Find the
and 80% of the basic pay respectively. What is the
number of cows?
ratio of the basic pay?
(a) 5 (b) 7
(a) 17 : 15 (b) 7 : 5
(c) 10 (d) 12
(c) 11 : 10 (d) 12 : 11
16. If it takes two workers, working separately but at the
25. A train is running 3 min late and further being late
same speed, 2 h and 40 min to complete a particular
3 s/min. Find how long this train will be delayed
task about how long will it take one worker,
one hour?
working at the same speed, to complete the same task
(a) 1140 min (b) 1150 min
alone?
(c) 1160 min (d) 1200 min
(a) 1 h 20 min (b) 4 h 40 min
(c) 5 h (d) 5 h 20 min 26. A machine cuts the wooden log into 10 m pieces and
take 6 s to cut a 10 m piece. Find the time to cut the
17. Sonu and his friend Rahul went for shopping. Sonu
3 km long wooden log into pieces?
had ` 500 with him while Rahul had ` 240. Sonu spent
(a) 174 s (b) 180 s (c) 1794 s (d) 1800 s
twice as much as Rahul on shopping. Now, Sonu has
three times as much money as is left with Rahul. How 27. A tailor has to cut 10 shirt pieces of equal length from
much money did Sonu spend? a roll of fabric. He cuts at the rate of 45 shirt pieces in
(a) ` 220 (b) ` 60 a minute. How many rolls would be cut in 24 min?
(c) ` 440 (d) ` 120 (a) 120 (b) 108 (c) 84 (d) 72
6 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

28. In a zoo, there are rabbits and pigeons. If heads are Directions (Q. Nos. 36-38) Consider the following
counted, there are 200 heads and if legs are counted information and answer the questions based on it.
there are 580 legs. How many pigeons are there? In a group of 75 students, 12 like only cabbage, 15 like only
(a) 90 (b) 100 (c) 110 (d) 120 cauliflower, 21 like only carrot, 12 like both carrot and
29. In a plane, line X is perpendicular to line Y and cabbage, 13 like only capsicum and 2 like both capsicum
parallel to line Z, line U is perpendicular to both lines and cauliflower.
V and W, line X is perpendicular to line V. Which one of 36. The difference between the people who like carrot and
the following statement is correct? cauliflower is
(a) Z, U and W are parallel (a) 6 (b) 18 (c) 16 (d) 4
(b) X, V and Y are parallel
(c) Z, V and U are all perpendicular to W 37. What is the percentage of students that do not like
(d) Y, V and W are parallel cabbage?
(a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 24 (d) 68
30. Marry said, ‘‘a number which I am thinking is divisible
by 2 or 3.’’ This statement is false, if the number which 38. How many students like only one vegetable?
I am thinking. (a) 60 (b) 61 (c) 65 (d) 71
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 11 (d) 15
Directions (Q. Nos. 39-41) Read the following
31. A father invites some boys and girls on his son’s birthday. information and answer the following questions.
The number of boys is less than 2 the number of girls.
In a class of 40 students, 28 can speak Tamil and 30 can
Father gives ` 10 to boys and ` 20 to girls as a gift. If total
amount spent is ` 280, find the number of boys. speak Telugu. All students can speak at least one of the
(a) 8 (b) 10 two languages.
(c) 12 (d) 14 39. Find the number of students who can speak only
Tamil.
32. 5 students A, B, C, D and E are present in an
(a) 8 (b)10 (c) 12 (d) 14
examination. If C got 5 marks less than B, D got 10
marks more than B and 20 marks less than A and E 40. Find the minimum number of students who can speak
got 22 marks more than B and B got 40 marks. Then, both Tamil and Telugu.
how many marks did A get? (a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 18 (d) 22
(a) 52 (b) 60
41. Find the number of persons who can speak only
(c) 64 (d) 70
Telugu?
33. A group has some cows, bulls and 45 hens. Every 15 (a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 14
animals are herded by a herdsman. The number of
42. A travel agent surveyed 100 people to find out how
bulls are twice the number of cows. If total numbers
many of them had visited the cities of Mumbai and
of heads is 186 less than total number of legs (with
Bengaluru. 31 people had visited Mumbai, 26 people
herdsman). Find the number of herdsmen?
had visited Bengaluru and 12 people had visited both
(a) 6 (b) 8
cities. Find the number of people who had visited
(c) 10 (d) 12
neither Mumbai nor Bengaluru.
34. Consider the following venn-diagram. (a) 12 (b) 55 (c) 19 (d) 45

Math
43. A survey of 500 TV viewers produced the following
50
information. 285 viewers watch football games, 195
12 12 viewers watch hockey games, 115 viewers watch
5
English 30 10 75 basketball game, 45 viewers watch football and
Hindi
basketball games, 70 viewers watch football and
hockey games, 50 viewers watch hockey and
500 candidates appeared in an examination comprising basketball games and 50 viewers do not watch any of
of tests in English, Hindi and Mathematics. The three games. How many viewers watch exactly one of
diagram gives the number of candidates who failed in the three games?
different tests. What is the percentage of the (a) 440 (b) 365
candidates who failed in atleast two subject? (c) 205 (d) 325
(a) 0.078 (b) 1.0 (c) 6.8 (d) 7.8
44. In an airline, hot drinks and iced tea were served to
35. According to a survey report, 62% people watch news 120 passengers. 75 passengers enjoyed hot drinks and
on doordarshan, 44% people read newspaper and 24% 62 enjoyed iced tea. If 40 enjoyed both, then how many
people read newspaper and watch doordarshan both. passengers enjoyed none of the beverages?
How many percentage of people neither read (a) 15 (b) 12
newspaper nor watch doordarshan. (c) 23 (d) 25
(a) 8% (b) 18% (c) 10% (d) 0%
 LOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL REASONING 3

Logical and Analytical

Reasoning
Analytical thinking involves objective analysis of facts to Propositions
form a judgement. Proposition is a statement giving a relation between two
Analytical reasoning questions are designed to assess terms. It is also known as premise.
the ability to consider a group of facts and rules and
determine what could or must be true. Classification of Proposition
Analytical reasoning questions test a range of deductive This classification is based upon the quantity and
reasoning skills. These include quality of proposition. Here, quantity denotes whether
the proposition is universal or particular and quality
l Comprehending the basic structure of a set of
denotes the proposition is affirmative or negative.
relationships by determining a complete solution to
the problem posed. There are four types of propositions which are as
follows:
l Reasoning with conditional (‘‘if-then’’) statements and
recognising logically equivalent formulation of such Propositions Quantity Quality
statements. A All A are B Universal Affirmative
l Inferring what could be true or must be true from E No A are B Universal Negative
given facts and rules.
I Some A are B Particular Affirmative
l Recognising when two statements are logically
O Some A are not B Particular Negative
equivalent in context by identifying a condition or rule
that could replace one of the original conditions while Venn Diagram Representation of Four Propositions
still resulting in the same possible outcomes.
Types of
In this chapter we will discuss six types of problems Venn Diagram
Propositions
1. Syllogism
A : All S is P
2. Statement and conclusion S Always
P
3. Statement and Argument
4. Statement and Assumptions E : No S is P S p Always

5. Assertion and Reason Some S are P

Either S p [All S are P]
6. Cause and Effects
I : Some S are P or S Some S are P
1. Syllogism P [All S are P]

Syllogism is a greek word which means inference or

deduction. or P Some S are not P
S [All P are S]
It is deductive argument in which conclusion has to be
drawn from the given statements. Either P S
Some S are not P
[Some P are not S]
In this type of questions, a set of statements along with O : Some S are not P
two or more conclusions is given on the basis of these or P Some S are not P
[All P are S]
statements candidates are required to check the S
correctness of conclusions whether the conclusions
or S p Some S are not P
follows from statement or not. [No S are P]
 4 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

Directions (Ex. Nos. 1 and 2) In each of the following Sol. We can draw all possible cases as given below
questions two statements along with a set of conclusions is
Car Buses Scooters Buses
given. You have to take the statements to be true even if they
seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and
decide which of the following conclusions logically follows
Scooters Cars
from the given statements (a) (b)
Give answer
Here, using both diagrammatical representations we can
(a) if only Conclusion I follows
conclude either ‘Some cars are buses’ or ‘No cars are buses’
(b) if only Conclusion II follows
Hence, atleast one of the conclusions must be true.
(c) if neither Conclusion I nor II follows
(d) if both Conclusions I and II follow Ex. 3 Some statements are given in following
Ex. 1 Statements Some birds are Donkeys. question followed by some conclusions. You have to
take the given statements to be true even, if they
All donkeys are stupid.
seems to be at variance from commonly known facts.
Conclusions I. All birds are stupid. Then answer the following question.
II. Some birds are stupid.
Statements Some walls are doors.
Sol. (b) Some doors are coats.
Some costs are chairs.
Birds Donkeys Conclusions I. Some chairs are doors.
II. Some coats are walls.
Stupid III. No Chair is doors.
(a) Only II follows (b) Only III follows
Conclusions I. ✗ II. ✓ (c) Either I or III follows (d) Only I follows
Here, only Conclusion II follows. Sol. (c)
Ex. 2 Statements All teachers are students. Walls Doors Coats Chairs
No student is girl.
Conclusions I. × II. × III. ×
Conclusions I. All girls are students.
or
II. Some girls are student.
I or III makes complementary pairs. Either I or III follows.
Sol. (c)

Teachers Girls 2. Statement and Conclusions

Students
Conclusions
I. 7 II. 7
Hence, neither Conclusion I nor II follows.
Complementary Pair of Conclusions
(‘either’ or Situation)
In drawing inferences from given statements, students
are required to be more attentive to select
complementary pair of conclusions, where neither of the
conclusions is definitely true but a combinations of both
makes a complement argument pair.
Let us consider the example
Statements Some cars are scooters.
Some scooters are buses.
Conclusions I. Some cars are buses.
II. No cars are buses.
In these type of questions a statement is given followed
by some conclusions. The candidate is required to go
through the statements throughly and then decide
which of the given conclusion follows on its basis.
A statement is a formal account of certain facts, views,
problems or situations expressed in words. A conclusion
is a belief or an opinion that is the result of reasoning
out a given statement.
Directions (Ex. Nos. 4 and 5) In the following questions a
statement is followed by two conclusions I and II. Taking
the statement to be true decide which of the given
conclutions definitely follows from the given statement.
Ex. 4 Statement In a one day cricket match, the
total runs made by a team were 200. Out of these,
160 runs were made by spinners.
Conclusions
I. 80% of the team consists of spinners.
II. The opening batsmen were spinners.

(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Neither I nor II follows
(d) Both I and II follow
Sol. (c) According to the statement, 80% of the total runs
were made by spinners. So, I does not follow. Nothing about
the opening batsmen is mentioned in the statement. So, II
also does not follow.
Ex. 5 Statement followed by some conclusions are
given below.
Statements I. Knowledge is not a skill. It is learning
and experience.
II. The illiterate are not those who
cannot read and write but those who
cannot learn.
Conclusions I. Those who cannot read and write are
literate.
II. Knowledge and skill are two
different things.
Find which of the given conclusions logically follows
from the given statements.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both I and II follow
(d) Neither I nor II follows
Sol. (b) From Statement I, knowledge is learning and
experience, it is not a skill. Hence, knowledge and skill are
two different things. So, Conclusion II follows. Statement II
does not mean that those who cannot read and write are
literate. So, Conclusion II does not follows.
3. Statement and Argument
An argument is a fact or set of facts that is being given
by a person to support an idea, statement or theory in
its favour or against it.
In this topic, a statement followed by certain arguments
is given. The statement is concerned with an issue.
These issues may be political, social or economical. The
arguments are in favour or against the given statement.
Generally, the two arguments are contrary to each other
and refer to the positive and negative results of the
action as mentioned in the statement issue.
Directions (Ex. Nos. 6 and 7) Study the following
instructions carefully and then answer the questions that
follow. In making decisions about important questions, it
is desirable to be able to distinguish between ‘strong’ and
‘weak’ arguments so far as they relate to the questions.
‘Weak’ arguments may not be directly related to the
question and may be of minor importance or may be
related to the trivial aspect of the question. Each question
below is followed by two arguments numbered I and II.
You have to decide which of the arguments is a ‘strong’
argument and which is a ‘weak’ argument?
LOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL REASONING 5
Give answer
(a) if only Argument I is strong
(b) if only Argument II is strong
(c) if neither I not II is strong
(d) if both I and II are strong
Ex. 6 Statement Should luxury hotels be banned
in India?
Arguments I. Yes, these are place form where
international criminals operate.
II. No, affluent foreign tourists will
have no place to stay.
Sol. (b) The luxury hotels are symbols of country’s
development and a place for staying the affluent foreign
tourists. So. argument II is a strong one. Argument I is a
weak argument because ban on luxury hotels is not a way
to stop the international criminals.
Ex. 7 Statement Should there be no examination
upto Std IX in all the schools in India?
Arguments I. No, students need to go through the
process of giving examinations right
from young age.
II. Yes, this will help students to think
laterally and achieve their creative
pursuits.
Sol. (d) Argument I is strong as school is the ground where
we prepare for the future battles of life. Argument II is
strong as examinations kill our creativity, turning us all
into more clerks.
4. Statement and Assumptions
In this, a statement is given and assumptions are drawn
from it. An assumption is something assumed, supposed
and taken for granted. The implicity of the two
assumptions is in question. The implication means the
hidden meaning, something which is derived from and
as such based upon the statement.
Directions (Ex. Nos. 8 and 9) In each question below is
given a statement followed by two Assumptions I and II.
You have to consider the statement and the following
assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is
implicit in the statement.
Give answer
(a) if only I is implicit (b) if neither I nor II is implicit
(c) if only II is implicit (d) if both I and II are implicit
Ex. 8 Statement The Prime minister is expected
to announce an expansion in his ministry shortly. A
newspaper report.
Assumptions
I. The newspaper has quoted authentic sources.
II. The newspaper has reliable sources for the news.
Sol. (c) The newspaper has not quoted any authentic
sources, so I is not implicit, but II is implicit.
 6 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test
Ex. 9 Statement Education and social change are
complementary; and leads to a steady loss of tradition
on people’s mind.
Assumptions
I. There is a direct relationship between education
and social change and decline of tradition on
people’s mind.
II. Traditions can make priceless contribution to
society.
Sol. (a) Only Assumption I is implicit in the given
statement. Assumption II is a generalised conclusion.
5. Assertion and Reason
Assertion is a strong and forceful statement or claim
made in regard with a thing, element for its use and
effects. Reason means a fact, event or statement that
provides an explanation to the assertion.
This topic is basically designed to judge the candidate’s
technical knowledge and his ability to reason out correctly.
In the questions, two statements are given. Out of these
two statements, one is the Assertion (a) and other is the
Reason (R). It is required to analyse whether the reason
is an optimum and correct explanation of the assertion.
Some times both assertion and reason are correctly
stated facts but the reason does not correctly explain the
assertion. So, different possibilities can exist between
these two statements and accordingly the correct
answer is marked from the given alternatives.
Directions (Ex. Nos. 10-13) Each of these questions has
an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R).
Give answer
(a) if both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct
explanation of ‘A’
(b) if both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct
explanation of ‘A’
(c) if ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) if ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Ex. 10 Assertion (A) A body weights less when
immersed in water.
Reason (R) Newton’s law explains the above
phenomenon.
Sol. (c) A is true and R is false. A body weights less when
immersed in water but this law was given by Archimedes’,
not by Newton.
Ex. 11 Assertion (A) The steam engine was
invented by James Watt.
Reason (R) There was a problem of taking out water
from flooded mines.
Sol. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A. The problem of pumping out water from
the flooded mines required the need of a self-working
engine which led James Watt to invent the same.
Ex. 12 Assertion (A) We feel colder on mountains
than on plains.
Reason (R) Temperature decreases with altitude.
Sol. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A. Above the sea level, temperature decreases
with an increase in altitude which makes mountain peaks
colder.
Ex. 13 Assertion (A) Plants convert light energy
into chemical energy during the process of
photosynthesis.
Reason (R) Sugar produced from photosynthesis by
plants is used by human beings as a source of energy.
Sol. (a) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
6. Caused and Effects
Cause is the logical or scientific reason of an event that
has occured and Effects to this cause are the
consequences of that event.
In this type of questions, two statements are given and
the student has to identify whether they are
independent causes or effects of independents causes or
a common cause etc., and accordingly have to select the
answer options.
Directions (Ex. Nos. 14 and 15) In each of these
questions, two Statements I and II are given. These may
have a cause and effect relationship or may have
independent causes or be the effects of independent
causes.
Give answer
(a) if Statement I is the causes and Statement II is its effect
(b) if Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect
(c) if both Statements I and II are effects of independent
causes
(d) if both Statements I and II are effects of some common
cause
Ex. 14
I. The prices of petroleum products dropped
marginally last week.
II. The State Government reduced the tax on
petroleum products last week.
Sol. (b) State Government reduced the tax on petroleum
products last week, that is why the price of petroleum
products dropped marginally, so Statement II is the cause
and Statement I is the effect.
Ex. 15
I. Many people visited the religious place during the
weekend.
II. Few people visited the religious place during the
week days.
Sol. (c) Both statements are effects of independent causes.

Practice Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-20) In the following questions
certain statements and conclusions are given. You have
to take statements as true even if they seems to be at
variance from commonly known facts, then answer the
following questions.
1. Statement Medals are awards.
Conclusions
I. All awards are not medals.
II. All medals received are called awards.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusions I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
2. Statements
1. Some fruits are vegetables.
2. All vegetables are plants.
Conclusions
I. Some plants are vegetables.
II. Some fruits are plants.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both I and II follow
(d) Neither of them follows
3. Statements
1. All animals are dogs.
2. All dogs are birds.
Conclusions
I. All animals are birds.
II. All birds are animals.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusions I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
4. Statements
1. Some books are mobiles.
2. Some calculators are mobiles.
Conclusions
I. Some mobiles are calculators.
II. Some mobiles are books.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion I follows
(c) Both Conclusions I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
10. Statements
5. Statement
1. No flower is a pot.
2. No pot is a garden.
Conclusion
I. No flower is a garden.
II. All garden are pots.
LOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL REASONING 7
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusion I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
6. Statements
1. Some food are sweet.
2. Some food are sour.
Conclusions
I. All food are either sweet or sour.
II. Some sweets are sour.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusions I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
7. Statements
1. All children are students.
2. All students are players.
Conclusions
I. All players are students.
II. All children are players.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusion I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
8. Statements All Student are boys.
No boy is dull.
Conclusions
I. There are no girl in the class.
II. No student is dull.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusions I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
9. Statements
1. No girl is a parrot.
2. Sowmya is girl.
Conclusions
I. Sowmya is not a parrot.
II. All girls are not Sowmya.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Either Conclusion I or II follows
(d) Niether Conclusion I nor II follows
1. Most players are men.
2. Some men are singers.
Conclusions
I. Some singers are men.
II. Some players are singers.
8 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

(a) Only Conclusion I follows 16. Statements

(b) Only Conclusion II follows 1. Some yeas are decades.
(c) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
2. All centuries are decades.
(d) Both Conclusions I and II follow
Conclusions
11. Statements I. Some centuries and years.
1. All cupboards are watches. II. Some decades are years.
2. All watches are costly. III. No century is a year.
Conclusions (a) Conclusion I and II follow.
I. All cupboards are costly. (b) Neither Conclusion I nor II follow
II. Some costly things are cupboards. (c) Only Conclusion I follows
(a) Only Conclusion I follows (d) Only Conclusion II follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
17. Statements
(c) Both of them follow
1. No cow is a chair.
(d) Neither of them follows
2. All chairs are tables.
12. Statements
Conclusions
1. All English movies are violent.
I. Some tables are chairs
2. Some people like watching English movies.
II. Some tables are cows.
Conclusions
III. Some chairs are cows.
I. All people watching English movies like violence.
IV. No table is a cow.
II. All people who like violence watch English (a) Either II or III follow (b) Either II or IV and I follow
movies.
(c) Only I follows (d) All conclusions follow
(a) Only I follows (b) Only II follows
(c) Neither I nor II follows (d) Both I and II follow 18. Statements
1. Some buds are flowers.
13. Statements
2. All flowers are trees.
1. Some human creature are angles.
3. All trees are leaves.
2. All angles are doctors.
Conclusions
Conclusions
I. Some leaves are buds.
I. Some human creatures are doctors.
II. Some doctors are human creatures. II. All flowers are leaves.
(a) Only I follows (a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only II follows (b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both I and II follow (c) Both I and II follow
(d) Neither I nor II follows (d) Neither I nor II follows

14. Statements 19. Below are given statements. You have to take the
given statements to be true even if they seem to be at
1. All teachers are experienced.
variance with the commonly known facts and then
2. Some teachers are spinsters. decide which of the given conclusions logically follows
Conclusions from the given statements.
I. Some experienced are spinsters. Statements
II. Some spinsters are experienced. 1. All rats are hills.
(a) Only Conclusions II follows 2. All hills are rivers.
(b) Either Conclusion I or II follows (a) Some rivers are rats (b) No river is a hill
(c) Both Conclusions I and II follow (c) All hills are rats (d) No river is a rat
(d) Only Conclusion I follows
20. Read the given statements carefully and answer the
15. Statements question.
1. Blue is black and some black is red. Statements
2. All red is green but not yellow. 1. All teachers get angry.
Conclusions 2. Some teachers are sad.
I. Some Blue is Green. 3. Sad people may cry.
II. No Black is Yellow. Which of the following conclusion is true?
(a) All sad people cry
III. Some Black is not Yellow
(b) Some teachers may cry
(a) Only I and II follow (b) Only II and IV follow (c) All angry people are teachers
(c) Only I and III follow (d) Only I, II and IV follow (d) All sad people get angry

Directions (Q. Nos. 21-28) In the following questions,
each question has a statement followed by two conclusions.
Taking the statement to be true, decide which of the given
conclusions definitely follows from the given statement.
Indicate your answer as
Give answer
(a) if only I follows (b) if only II follows
(c) if neither I nor II follows (d) if both I and II follow
21. Statement Good health is dependent on right eating
habits. Most of the people do not follow any rule
regarding eating.
Conclusions
I. Most of the people have poor health.
II. People are ignorant of proper eating habits.
22. Statement Black cloud follows thunder. Rains follow
thunder.
Conclusions
I. Thunder is the cause of rain.
II. Black cloud is the cause of thunder.
23. Statement Workers feel highly motivated when they
get sense of involvement by participating in the
management of companies.
Conclusions
I. Workers should be motivated to produce more.
II. Workers should be allowed to participate in the
management of companies.
24. Statement Industrial revolution which first of all
started in Europe has brought about modern age.
Conclusions
I. Disparity between rich and poor results in revolution.
II. Revolution overhauls society.
25. Statement America’s defence secretary reiterated
that they would continue to supply arms to Pakistan.
Conclusions
I. Pakistan is incapable of manufacturing arms.
II. It would ensure peace in the region.
26. Statement Success cannot be achieved without hard
work.
Conclusions
I. Every hardworking person is successful.
II. Every successful person is hardworking.
27. Statement Unlike Aryabhata, moon is a natural
satellite of the Earth.
Conclusions
I. Aryabhatta is not a satellite.
II. Moon is star and Aryabhatta is a satellite.
Find which of the given conclusions logically follows
from the given statement.
28. Statement Customer service cannot be enforced. It
has to come from within.
Conclusions
I. Customer service should be voluntary.
II. Employees do not serve customers.
LOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL REASONING 9
29. A statement follows by some conclusions are given
below.
Statement Based on his performance, Rajesh got a
poor rating in his office.
Conclusions
I. Rajesh did not perform well.
II. The rating given to Rajesh was not up to the mark.
Find which of the given conclusions logically follow
from the given statements.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both I and II follow
(d) Neither I nor II follows
30. Statements followed by some conclusions are given below.
Statements
1. Depleting natural resources is a major concern in
our country.
2. Unless we go for renewable energy sources in a big
way increase in population being a heavy burden
on the energy resources, will reduce the quality of life.
Conclusions
I. Depleting natural impacts quality of life.
II. Use of renewable energy sources is a solution to
counter increase in population.
Find which of the gives conclusions logically follows
from the given statements.
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both I and II follow
(d) Neither I and II follows
Directions (Q. Nos. 31-35) In making decisions about
important questions, it is desirable to distinguish between
a ‘strong’ argument and a ‘weak’ argument. A ‘strong’
argument must be both important and directly related to
the question. A ‘weak’ argument may not be directly related
to the question and may be of minor importance or may be
related to the trivial aspect of the question. Each question
below is followed by two arguments numbered I and II. You
have to decide which of the arguments is ‘strong’ and which
is ‘weak’.
Give answer
(a) if only Argument I is strong
(b) if only Argument II is strong
(c) if neither I nor II is strong
(d) if both I and II are strong
31. Statement Should there be a total ban on use of
plastic bags?
Arguments
I. No, instead the thickness of plastic bags, which can
be used without much damage to the environment,
should be specified.
II. Yes, use of plastic bags causes various problems
like water pollution and water logging and hence,
it is necessary to ban it.
 10 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test
32. Statement Should coal engines be replaced by electric
engines in trains?
Arguments
I. Yes, coal engines cause a lot of pollution.
II. No, India does not produce enough electricity to
fulfil even the domestic needs.
33. Statement should English be the medium of
instruction for higher education in India?
Arguments
I. Yes, even in advanced countries like UK and USA,
the medium of instruction is English for higher
education.
II. Yes, English is much widely spoken language in
the world today.
34. Statement Should there be only a uniform rate of
income tax irrespective of the level of income?
Arguments
I. Yes, this will substantially reduce the work of the
officials of the income tax department.
II. No, this will reduce government tax collection to a
large extent.
35. Statement Should all the factories in the cities be
shifted to the outskirts, far away from the main city?
Arguments
I. Yes, this is an essential Step for controlling
pollution in the city.
II. No, such a Step will lead to lot of inconvenience to
the employees of the factories and their families as
well.
Directions (Q. Nos. 36-40) In each question below is
given a statement followed by two Assumptions I and II. An
assumption is something supposed or taken for granted.
You have to consider the statement and the following
assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is
implicit in the statement.
Give answer
(a) if Assumption I is implicit
(b) if Assumption II is implicit
(c) if neither I nor II is implicit
(d) if both I and II are implicit
36. Statement Apart from the entertainment value of
television, its educational value cannot be ignored.
Assumptions
I People take the television to be means of
entertainment only.
II The educational value of television is not realised
properly.
37. Statement Ten candidates who were on the waiting
list could finally be admitted to the course.
Assumptions
I Wait-listed candidates get admission with difficulty.
II A large number of candidates were on the waiting
list.
38. Statement In Mumbai, railway trains are
indispensable for people in the suburbs to reach their
places of work on time.
Assumptions
I Railway trains are the only mode of transport
available in the suburbs of Mumbai.
II Only railway trains run punctually.
39. Statement The mangoes are too cheap to be good.
Assumptions
I When the mango crop is abundant, the prices go
down.
II The lower the selling price, the inferior is the
quality of the commodity.
40. Statement Of all the newspapers published in Delhi,
‘The Time and Space’ has the largest number of readers.
Assumptions
I Volume of readership of all the newspapers in
Delhi is known.
II No newspaper in Delhi other than ‘The Time and
Space’ has large readership.
Directions (Q. Nos. 41-44) Each of these questions has
an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R).
Give answer
(a) if both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct
explanation of ‘A’
(b) if both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct
explanation of ‘A’
(c) if ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) if ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
41. Assertion (A) India’s ‘Republic Day’ falls on 26th
January.
Reason (R) Constitution of India, declaring India as
a ‘Republic’, came into force on 26th January 1950.
42. Assertion (A) India is a democracy.
Reason (R) India is a developing country.
43. Assertion (A) In India, the judiciary is independent
of the executive.
Reason (R) Judiciary favours the government and
helps in the implementation of its plans.
44. Assertion (A) A salt water fish drinks sea water
whereas a fresh water fish never drinks water.
Reason (R) A salt water fish is hypertonic to its
environment while a fresh water fish is not hypertonic
to its environment.
45. An Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below.
Assertion (A) Leakages in household gas cylinders
can be detected.
Reason (R) LPG has a strong smell.
Choose the correct option.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation of A
(c) Both A and R are false
(d) A is true but R is false
 LOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL REASONING 11

46. An Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below. Directions (Q. Nos. 51-60) Below in each question are
Assertion (A) Beri - Beri is a viral infection. given two Statements A and B. These statements may be
Reason (R) Vitamin deficiency causes diseases. either independent causes or may be effects of independent
Choose the correct option. causes or of a common cause. One of these statements may
(a) A is false but R is true be the effect of the other statement. Read both the
(b) A is true but R is false statements and decide which of the following answer
(c) Both A and R are false choices correctly depicts the relationship between these two
(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation statements.
of A Give answer
47. An Assertion (A) and a Reason (R) are given below. (a) if Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect
(b) if Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect
Assertion (A) We prefer to wear white clothes in
winter. (c) if both statements are effects of independent causes
Reason (R) White clothes are good reflectors of heat. (d) if both statements are effects of some common cause
Choose the correct option. 51. A. Domestic price of petrol has gone down.
(a) A is true but R is false B. International price of crude oil has decreased.
(b) A is false but R is true 52. A. Ahmed is a healthy boy.
(c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation B. His mother is very particular about the food he
of (A) eats.
(d) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
53. A. Ravi died while on the way to the hospital.
explanation of A
B. A car dashed into the motorcycle Ravi was driving.
48. An Assertion (A) and a Reason (R) are given below.
54. A. The average day temperature of the city has
Assertion (A) Rainwater harvesting reduces soil increased by about 2 degrees in the current year
crosion. over the average of past ten years.
Reason (R) Rainwater harvesting is not important for B. More people living in rural areas of the state have
conservation of water. started migrating to the urban areas in comparison
Choose the correct option. with the earlier year.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A 55. A. Most of the shopkeepers in the locality closed their
shops for the second continuous day.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct
explanation of A B. Two groups of people living in the locality have
(c) A is true, but R is false
been fighting with each other with bricks and
stones, forcing people to stay indoors.
(d) A is false, but R is true
56. A. The Government has decided to increase the prices
49. An Assertion (A) and a Reason (R) are given below. of LPG cylinders with immediate effect.
Assertion (A) Penguins are birds, found in the B. The Government has decided to increase the prices
hottest regions of the earth. of Kerosine with immediate effect.
Reason (R) Birds in hot regions do not have wings.
Choose the correct option. 57. A. Party ‘X’ won clear majority in the recently held
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
state assembly elections.
of A
B. Of late, there was unrest in public and also among
(b) Both A and R are ture, but r is not the correct
the members of the ruling party of the state.
explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false 58. A. Staff members of the university decided to go on
(d) Both A and R are false strike in protest during the examinations.
B. The university administration made all the
50. An Assertion (A) and a Reason (R) are given below. arrangements for smooth conduct of examination
Assertion (A) Perennial rivers mostly originate from with the help of outsiders.
the Himalayas.
59. A. In the university examination, overall performance
Reason (R) The fountains in the Himalayas feed the of students from college ‘X’ was better
rivers. than that of students from college ‘Y’.
Choose the correct option.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation B. Majority of the students depend upon coaching
of A classes for university examinations.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct 60. A. The Government of state ‘X’ decided to ban
explanation of A working of women in night shifts and also in late
(c) A is true, but R is false evening hours.
(d) A is false, but R is true B. The percentage of working women has a significant
rise in the last one decade.
 12 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (c)
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (c) 49. (d) 50. (c)
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (d) 57. (d) 58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (c)

Hints & Solutions

1. (b) 7. (b) Conclusions I.ü II. ✗
medals awards or medals awards Students From the above figure, only I follows.
13. (c)
Children
Conclusions I. û II. ü
Human
So, only Conclusion II follows. Angles
Creature
Players
2. (c)
Conclusions I. û II. ü Doctors
From the above figure,
Fruits Conclusions I. ü II. ü
Vegetables Only Conclusion II follows.
From the above figure, both I and II follow.
8. (c)
14. (c)
Plants
Students Dull
Conclusions I. ü II. ü Teacher Spinsters
Both the conclusions follow.
Boys
3. (a) Birds
Conclusions I. ü II. ü Experienced
From the above figure, Conclusions I. ü II. ü
Animals Both Conclusions I and II follow. From the above figure. Both Conclusion I and
II follow.
Dog 9. (a) Girls
Parrot 15. (c)
S
Yellow
From the above figure. S = Sowmya Green
Only Conclusion I follows. From above figure, only Conclusion I follows.
4. (c) Blue Red
10. (a) Black
Books Moblies Calculators Players Men Singers

Conclusions I. ü II.ü Conclusions I. ü II. ✗ Conclusions I.ü II. ✗ III. ü

From the above figure. Form above figure. Only Conclusion I follows. From the above figure. Both Conclusions I and
Both Conclusions I and II follow.
11. (c) III follow.
5. (d) Flower Pot Garden 16. (d)
Y C or Y C
Cup-
or Garden board
D D
Flower Pot Watches
Conclusions I. ✗ II. ü III. ✗
Conclusions I. ✗ II. ✗ Costly
From above it is clear that only Conclusion II
Form the above figure. Conclusions I. ü II. ü follows.
Neither Conclusion I nor II follow. Form the above figure, Both of the Conclusion 17. (b)
6. (d) follow.
Sour Food Sweet Cow Chair
12. (a)
Conclusions I. ✗ II. ✗ English Table
Liking
From the above figure. movie
Conclusions I. ü II. ü III. ✗ IV. ü
Neither Conclusion I nor II follows.
Violent From above figure either II or IV and I follow.