IPMACT OF KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARD

COVID-19 AMONG COMMUNITY

LAS-ANOD SOOL SOMALIA

BY
1. ABDIASIS HASSAN AWAD
2. HALIMA SULEIMAN OSMAN
3. NAJMA HUSSEIN AWAD
4. FARTUN ABDIRAHMAN MOHAMED
5. FAHIMA MOHAMED ALI
SUPERVISOR USTAD. AHMED MOHAMED CIGE

THESIS SUBMITTED TO ILAYS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH

SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF NURSING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR
REQUIREMENT OF BACHELOR DEGREE IN NURSING.

AUGUST, 2022 LAS-ANOD SOMALIA

 CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives a brief explain about the background of the study, problem statement, research
objectives, research questions, scope of study, operational definitions, significance of study,
research rational.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus,
now called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly called
2019-nCoV). COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory infection that first discovered in December
2019, in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China (David, J. 2020).
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) is a global public health threat and has evolved to
become a pandemic crisis around the world, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) In response to this serious situation, COVID-19
declared as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization
(WHO) on January 30 and called for collaborative efforts of all countries to prevent the rapid
spread of COVID-19 (Ferdous, M., Islam, MS., Sikder, M., and Mosaddeq, AS. 2020 Oct.)

The site of infection determines the route of transmitting the virus among people directly via the
respiratory droplets and secretion and indirectly through contaminated inanimate surfaces Based
on the epidemiological investigations, the incubation period of the SARS-CoV-2 is between 1-14
days and the virus has been found to be contagious in the asymptomatic patients. The COVID-19
infection is more prominent in the elderly people with underlying diseases and the clinical
presentations include fever, cough, malaise and acute respiratory distress syndrome in few
patients which may eventually leads to death. However, in adults and children the disease is
usually presented with mild flu-like illness. (Alzoubi, H., Alnawaiseh, N., Al-Mnayyis, A.,
Lubad, M., Aqel, A., & Al-Shagahin, H. 2020 Mar)

The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough, and myalgia People
with COVID-19 also show no symptoms (People without Symptoms). Not everyone with
COVID-19 has an increasingly severe condition, except the elderly. People with COVID-19 who
have chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity have an increasingly severe
condition (Saefi, M., Fauzi, A., Kristiana, E., Adi, W., Muchson, M., Setiawan, M., Islami, N.,
Ningrum, D., Ikhsan, M., & Ramadhani, M. 2020 Aug)

At the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan city,
China. As of April 15, 2020, >1.9 million COVID-19 cases were confirmed worldwide,
including >120,000 deaths (Ceylan, Z. 2020 Aug 10;729:138817.)

Globally, as of 5 March 2021, there have been 115,289,961 confirmed cases of COVID-19,
including 2,564,560 deaths, to WHO. As of 5 march 2021 a total of 249,160,837 vaccine doses
have been administered (WHO, 5 MARCH 2021 https://covid19.who.int/).

Which countries will have the highest mortality from COVID-19?

The number could surprise you. when we took an initial look at total COVID-19
deaths, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation forecast showed that the countries with
the largest epidemics since February 2020 include India, the United States, Brazil, Russia, and
Mexico. This forecast took into account our estimates for deaths that have gone unreported. The
percentage of deaths missing from official statistics in these five countries ranged from less than
5 percent to 84 percent. (Pasovic, M., Troeger, Ch., Theovos., & Lonazo, R. NOV 17 2021)  

Over 22 300 deaths were reported in Africa in the last 28 days, compared with nearly 16 000
deaths in the previous 28 days. The continent is expected to reach 100 000 deaths in the coming
days. Thirty-two countries reported a rise in deaths in the last 28 days, while 21 reported flat or
falling rates. Africa’s COVID-19 fatality rate rose to 3.7% during the last 28 days compared to
2.4% in the previous 28 days and is and is now well above the global average (WHO, Rising
mortality as Africa 11 February 2021).

On 16 March 2020, Somalia recorded its first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19). In a matter of weeks, the disease spread to all states of the country with most cases
reported in Banadir region, followed by Somaliland and Puntland. The outbreak developed
rapidly during April, May and June 2020 but, since late June, the numbers of confirmed COVID-
19 cases and deaths have gradually declined. In August 2020, 114 cases of COVID-19 cases
were confirmed in Somalia, a decrease of 60% compared with 287 cases recorded in July 2020.
The positivity rate of tested cases was 2,2%, also a substantial drop compared with the rate of
50–60% reported in mid-June 2020. Between 16 March and 12 September 2020, 24 935
suspected cases of COVID-19 were tested in Somalia, of which 3389 were confirmed as positive
for COVID-19, and 98 deaths were recorded as COVID-19 related. Most confirmed cases (83%)
were aged between 20 and 60 years, with a median age of 32 (range 1 to 110) years and 74% of
the confirmed cases were males (WHO, Somalia March 2020).

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide and presents an
unprecedented challenge to public health, food systems and the world of work. The economic
and social disruption caused by the pandemic is devastating: tens of millions of people are at risk
of falling into extreme poverty, while the number of undernourished people, currently estimated
at nearly 690 million, could increase by up to 132 million by the end of the year (WHO, the
impact of covid-19, 13 October 2020).

Millions of enterprises face an existential threat. Nearly half of the world’s 3.3 billion global
workforce are at risk of losing their livelihoods. Informal economy workers are particularly
vulnerable because the majority lack social protection and access to quality health care and have
lost access to productive assets. Without the means to earn an income during lockdowns, many
are unable to feed themselves and their families. For most, no income means no food, or, at best,
less food and less nutritious food. The pandemic has been affecting the entire food system and
has laid bare its fragility. Border closures, trade restrictions and confinement measures have been
preventing farmers from accessing markets, including for buying inputs and selling their
produce, and agricultural 4 workers from harvesting crops, thus disrupting domestic and
international food supply chains and reducing access to healthy, safe and diverse diets. The
pandemic has decimated jobs and placed millions of livelihoods at risk. As breadwinners lose
jobs, fall ill and die, the food security and nutrition of millions of women and men are under
threat, with those in low-income countries, particularly the most marginalized populations, which
include small-scale farmers and indigenous peoples, being hardest hit. (ILO, FAO, & WHO. 13
October 2020)

It has caused millions of infections, and thousands of deaths worldwide. As of March 11, 2021,
confirmed COVID-19 infections number over 119 million individuals worldwide and has
resulted in over 2.6 million deaths, and 96 million recovered cases (WHO, 5 MARCH 2021
https://covid19.who.int/).

The impacts of COVID-19 to date have been significant on health, the economy and society. As
with many other diseases, COVID-19 has a more severe impact on vulnerable groups, including
older people, people with disabilities, ethnic minorities and those living in deprived areas.
Allowing the virus to grow exponentially would lead to impacts, in terms of loss of life and ill
health, that would be considered intolerable for society.

A pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and affected most of the world
(Habib, M., Dayyab, F., Iliyasu, G., & Habib, A. Jan 202).

As of early May 2021, sub-Saharan Africa has officially reported 3.2 million cumulative
COVID-19 cases and about 83,000 deaths, accounting for about 2% of global cases and deaths,
respectively, while representing 14% of the world’s population ( Kaneda, T. May 2021)

COVID-19 deaths in Somalia were at least 32 times higher than the figures reported by the
government during the early months of the pandemic, according to a new study.
The study, published by the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, estimates that between
3,200 to 11,800 people died from the effects of COVID-19 between March and September 2020
in the capital, Mogadishu.
In that period, the Somali government reported 99 deaths and 3,864 positive cases throughout the
country
Somalia reported its first case of COVID-19 on March 16, 2020. To date, the overall death toll
given by the Somali government stands at 1,180, and the number of positive cases is at 21,269 in
the country (Maru f, H, October 19 2021)

In Las-Anod Somalia we make our study to know how long impact of knowledge and practice
towards COVID-19 in community Las-Anod Sool Somalia.

Las-Anod covid-19 cases reported in jan2021 to jully2022 was number of screened/tested 2875
individuals were positive cases become 828, and negative cases was 2089, while the 68 cases
death (MSF, 2022).
1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1.4.1 General Objectives

To assess the impact of knowledge attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among community
Las-Anod Sool Somalia.

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

 To Identify the knowledge of COVID-19 among community Las-Anod.

 To asses attitude od COVID-19 among community Las-Anod.
 To identify the practice of COVID-19 prevention among Community Las-Anod.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION

 What is the knowledge attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among community Las-
Anod Sool Somalia?
 How much the impact of COVID-19 in Health, lockdown, socioeconomic and education
in community Las-Anod?

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY

1.6.1 Time Scope
The data of study will conduct from July up to October 2022 if Allah say.
1.6.2 Geographical Scope
this study will undertake is las-Anod is the administrative capital of the Sool region of Somalia
las-Anod population live estimates in 60,100 people.
Geographically Las-Anod is located at the center of prime grazing area known as the Nugaal
valley. The city is also close to the other high potential grazing areas of Hawd and Sool plateaus.
Las-Anod location gives the town a unique characteristic of strong urban-pastoral linkage before
the collapse of government in 1990.

1.6.3 content of scope

The study will define about the impact of knowledge and attitude and practice towards covid-19
as health, socioeconomic, education and lockdown in community Las-Anod Sool Somalia.
We will take the Dependent Variable in impact, knowledge, attitude practice (KAP)
And so, we will take the Independent Variables health, socioeconomic, education, lockdown.

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study has documented the impact of Knowledge Attitudes and Practices towards COVID-19
among community Las-Anod Sool Somalia.

This study has generated information and factors influencing exclusive the impact of knowledge
and practice toward COVID-19.

The data will be made available to the Ilays National University and its useful ministry of health
and other stakeholders for use in establishing a firm foundation and strategies the impact the
knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 in Las-Anod community.

The data will could also be helpful future researchers for baseline information. The findings of
the study also provide Las-Anod community as to make sure to develop national guideline of
COVID-19 impacts among Las-Anod community.

The findings will be useful the ministry of public health and sanitation (MOPHS) and other
organizations working in COVID-19 programs to design interventions to improve the knowledge
and practice towards COVID-19 in the area and other circumstances.

The findings will be also useful as contribution to the ongoing research efforts on knowledge and
practice of COVID-19.

And so, the findings will be also helping the government especially the minster of heath (MOH)
in Las-Anod when the minster needs to know prevalence impact of knowledge and practice
toward COVID-19 among community Las-Anod.

The data so will be helping the Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) to know and evaluate
the prevalence impact of knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 among Las-Anod
community in health, socioeconomic, education and lockdown.

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus. [26].
• Outbreak a sudden occurrence of something unwelcome, such as war or disease.

• Pandemic an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing

international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.
• Social Distancing keeping safe space between your-self and another people who are not
from your house hold

• Hand Hing is one of the best ways to protect your-self from getting sick.

• Good Practice: Refers to those study participants who correctly respond to practice
questions and score above the median value
• Poor Practice: Refers to those study participants who correctly respond to practice
questions and score median value and below median value.

• Health education is the social science that draws from the biological, environmental,
psychological, physical and medical sciences to promote health and prevent disease,
disability and premature death through education-driven voluntary behavior change
activity.
• Not knowledgeable about COVID-19 prevention: - those study participants who score
less than the mean score of knowledge questions about COVID-19 prevention
• Knowledge level: - the knowledge level of health care workers will divide into two
depending on the mean score of the knowledge questions as knowledgeable and not
knowledgeable.
• Knowledgeable about COVID-19 prevention: -those study participants who score
greater than or equal to the median score of knowledge questions about COVID-19
prevention.