CALABARZON

CALABARZON
Regional Physical
Framework Plan
2017-2046
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate
Change Adaptation Enhanced
CALABARZON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

Regional Land Use Committee
Table of Contents
RDC Resolution v
Message of the RDC Chairperson vii
Message of the RLUC Chairperson ix
Acknowledgement xi
List of Tables xiii

List of Figures xvii
List of Maps xix
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Chapter 2: Vision, Overall Goal and Objectives 7

Chapter 3: The Planning Environment 9
Chapter 4: The Regional Physical Framework Plan 97
Development Challenges 97
Region's Spatial Strategies 100
Strategic Development Clusters 104
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 128
Settlements Development 133
Production Land Use 155
Protection Land Use 175
Infrastructure and Utilities Development 184
Chapter 5: Plan Implementation, Monitoring and 207
Evaluation Mechanism
List of Acronyms 209
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | iii

RDC Resolution
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | v

Message
The CALABARZON Regional Physical Framework

Plan (RPFP) 2017-2046 is a long-term Plan that
guides the physical and spatial development of
the Region.
Given the increasing and conflicting demands for

land due to our fast urbanization and
industrialization, CALABARZON values efficient
and effective allocation of land and other resources.
We took stock of our various physical and spatial
developments including changes in land use,
enactment of new laws and policies, new datasets generated from the latest census
and adjustments in local government unit compositions in the reformulation of
the RPFP.
The preparation of the Plan is a concerted effort of the various stakeholders in the
Region, thus, I would like to express my gratitude to the members of the Regional
Development Council and Regional Land Use Committee, and our local planners
and mappers who significantly contributed in creating the CALABARZON RPFP
2017-2046.
I would like to encourage everyone to work with the RDC in the implementation
and monitoring of this Plan. Together, we can make CALABARZON
human-centered, well-planned, vibrant, and a globally competitive
industrial Region.
HERMILANDO I. MANDANAS
RDC Chairperson
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | vii

Foreword
The CALABARZON Regional Physical

Framework Plan (RPFP) 2017-2046 is a disaster-
risk reduction and climate change adaptation
(DRR-CCA) enhanced plan which promotes
effective and efficient allocation of land resources
given the fast urbanization and industrialization.
The DRR-CCA enhanced CALABARZON RPFP

strengthens our objective to provide firmer basis
for land use related sectoral plans, and to
reconcile and rationalize land use development
proposals among adjoining localities and contiguous areas. It offers policies and
strategies to promote a balanced agro-industrial development, and protect prime
agricultural lands and critical ecosystems from unabated land use conversions and
conflicting land uses.
The CALABARZON RPFP highlights the center, corridor and wedges approach to
direct and stimulate development and growth from west to east, as well as strengthen
the north to south development and access corridors. Further, it is consistent with
the National Spatial Strategy and the Luzon Spatial Development Framework which
advocates concentration to increase overall densities of settlements, connectivity to
promote physical and functional integration, and vulnerability reduction to increase
resiliency of the population to natural and human-induced disasters and socio-
economic shocks.
The reformulation of the CALABARZON RPFP is a multi-stakeholder approach

which involves several consultations with various stakeholders in the region and
combined efforts of the regional and provincial planners and mappers.
As a blueprint for regional physical and spatial development, it is our hope that the
CALABARZON RPFP will be able to link regional and local framework plans and
guide regional line agencies, local government units, and private sector in their land-
use related activities towards a sustainable resource management.
LUIS G. BANUA
NEDA Region IV-A Director and
RLUC Chairperson
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | ix

Acknowledgement
Special acknowledgement is expressed to the members of the Regional Land Use
Committee led by the National Economic and Development Authority
Region IV-A:
• Ayala Land, Inc.

• Department of Agriculture Region IV-A
• Department of Agrarian Reform Region IV-A
• Department of Energy – Energy Policy and Planning Bureau
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region IV-A
• DENR - Environmental Management Bureau Region IV-A
• DENR - Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region IV-A
• Department of the Interior and Local Government Region IV-A
• Department of Public Works and Highways Region IV-A
• Department of Justice Region IV-A
• Department of Science and Technology Region IV-A
• Department of Tourism Region IV-A
• Department of Trade and Industry Region IV-A
• Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board – Southern Tagalog Region
• Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
• Laguna Lake Development Authority
• Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
• National Commission on Indigenous Peoples Region IV-A
• Office of Civil Defense Region IV-A
• Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers – Batangas Chapter
• Philippine Industrial Estate Association, Inc.
• Provincial Planning and Development Office – Cavite
• Provincial Planning and Development Office – Laguna
• Provincial Planning and Development Office – Batangas
• Provincial Planning and Development Office – Rizal
• Provincial Planning and Development Office – Quezon
• Regional League of Local Planning and Development Coordinators of the
Philippines, Inc.
• University of the Philippines Los Baños College of Human Ecology
Special acknowledgement is also given to the following data and resource

materials providers:
• Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines

• Commission on Higher Education Region IV-A
• DA – Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region IV-A
• DA - Bureau of Soils and Water Management
• DENR - National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
• DOST – Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration
• DOST – Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xi

• DTI - Philippine Economic Zone Authority
• Department of Education Region IV-A
• Department of Health Region IV-A
• Department of Information and Communications Technology
Luzon Cluster 2
• Department of Social Welfare and Development Region IV-A
• Local Water Utilities Administration
• National Economic and Development Authority Region X
• NEDA – Regional Development Staff
• National Electrification Administration
• National Irrigation Administration Region IV-A
• National Telecommunications Commission Region IV-A
• Philippine Ports Authority Project Management Office Batangas and
Marinduque-Quezon
• Philippines Statistics Authority Region IV-A
List of Tables
NO. TITLE PAGE
3.1 Land Area per Province (in square kilometer), CALABARZON 10
3.2 Political Subdivision, CALABARZON, 2019 10
3.3 CALABARZON Population and Annual Growth Rate, 2000, 14
2010 and 2015
3.4 Distribution of Cities/Municipalities, By Population Size, 17
CALABARZON, 2015
3.5 CALABARZON Population Density, 2000, 2010 and 2015 17
3.6 Percentage Distribution of Urban Population, 17
CALABARZON, 2015
3.7 CALABARZON Built-up Areas, 2015 19
3.8 5-Level Network of Settlements, 2015 19
3.9 Slope range per province in CALABARZON 22
3.10 List of Proclaimed Watershed Forest Reserve 24
3.11 Critical Watersheds Supporting National Irrigation System 26
3.12 Distribution of Rock by Type 27
3.13 Status of Land Classification Based on 2006 Land Classification 31
Data per Province
3.14 Forest Cover within Forestlands Based on 2006 Land 31
Classification Data per Province
3.15 Proclaimed/Declared Protected Areas under NIPAS 34
3.16 List of NIPAS Initial Components 34
3.17 Additional Areas for Protection 36
3.18 Seasonal Temperature Increase (in oC) in 2020 and 2050 Under 39
Medium-Range Emission
3.19 Seasonal Rainfall Change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 Under 39
Medium-Range Emission Scenario
3.20 Frequency on Extreme Events in 2020 and 2050 Under 39
3.21 Gross Regional Domestic Product and Growth Rates, 51
Philippines and CALABARZON, 2009-2016
3.22 Top 10 Commodities per Area Planted (in hectares) per 52
Province, CALABARZON, 2016
3.23 Volume of Production of Livestock and Poultry by Type and 53
Province (in metric tons), CALABARZON, 2016
3.24 Gross Value Added in Industry Sector (in ‘000,000), 54
CALABARZON, 2009-2016
3.25 Gross Value Added in Services Sector, CALABARZON, 54
2009-2016
3.26 Number of operating economic zones and industry locators by 57
province, CALABARZON, 2015-2016
3.27 Merchandise Exports, Total Approved Investments and 57
Domestic Sales in CALABARZON, 2012-2016
3.28 Population 15 Years Old and Over and Employment Status, 58
3.29 Shift Share Analysis of GRDP, CALABARZON, 2011 and 2016 60
(in billion PHP)
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xiii

NO. TITLE PAGE
3.30 Regional Shift, 2011 and 2016 (in billion PHP) 60
3.31 Employment Location Quotient, CALABARZON, 2011-2016 61
3.32 Road Distance and Travel Time between Manila and Regional 66
Centers by Public Transport
3.33 Road Density, CALABARZON, 2016 68
3.34 Length of Existing National Bridges by Province, 70
CALABARZON, 2016
3.35 Port throughput (Passenger, Shipcalls and Cargo), 72
3.36 Inventory of Airports, CALABARZON, 2018 74
3.37 CALABARZON ICT Infrastructure, 2012-2016 76
3.38 Summary of the Validation of the CMTS and Broadband 77
Access, 2016
3.39 Number of Powered-Up Sites with Free WiFi Internet Access 77
and PoP Established, CALABARZON 2016-2017
3.40 Status of Water Supply, 2016 78
3.41 Water Supply Situation, CALABARZON, 2015 78
3.42 Number of Water Districts and Population Served, 79
CALABARZON, 2015
3.43 Water Sanitation, 2016 79
3.44 Status of Irrigation Development in CALABARZON, 2016 80
3.45 Existing Power Plants in CALABARZON, 2017 81
3.46 Status of Household Electrification in CALABARZON, 81
2015-2016
3.47 Status of Household Electrification by Province, 2015-2016 81
3.48 Solid Waste Management in CALABARZON, 2012-2016 82
3.49 Annual Average Income and Expenditure, in PHP 83
3.50 Number of Government and Private Hospitals, Authorized Bed 84
Capacity, 2015
3.51 Number of SHS Buildings, PSIP Classrooms, BUB Projects, 87
2014-2015
3.52 Number of HEIs and Programs, AY 2015-2016 87
3.53 Number of Graduates per Discipline, AY 2015-2016 88
3.54 Number of Day Care Centers in the Region, 2017 91
3.55 Social Welfare Facilities in CALABARZON, 2015 91
3.56 List of Approved CADTs in CALABARZON 93
3.57 Poverty Incidence Among Population, 2009 to 2015, in percent 94
4.1 CALABARZON Built-up Area and Population Exposed at 142
High Risk Level to Different Hazard Types, 2015
4.2 Estimated Population Projections and Population Density, 142
by Province
4.3 Distribution of Cities/Municipalities, By Population Size, 2015 147
4.4 Summary of Network of Settlements, 2046 147
4.5 5-Level Network of Settlements, 2046 147
4.6 Additional Land Requirement, 2046 150
4.7 Areas Suitable for Urban Expansion in CALABARZON 151
4.8 Comparison of Suitable Areas for Urban Expansion and Future 151
Land Requirement per Province
4.9 Crops Area Planted/Harvested 157
4.10 Production Land Use Decision Zones 168
4.11 Proposed Tourism Clusters 175
NO. TITLE PAGE
4.12 List of protected areas in CALABARZON 179
4.13 Area of Built-Up Area and Production Land Use Within the 183
Protected Areas in the Region
4.14 Area Highly Susceptible to Hazards in CALABARZON 183
(in hectares)
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xv

List of Figures
NO. TITLE PAGE
3.1 Projected Seasonal Temperature Increase (in oC) in the 40
Philippines in 2020 and 2050
3.2 Projected Rainfall Change (in %) in the Philippines in 2020 and 40
2050
3.3 Distribution of GRDP by Sector, CALABARZON, 2009-2016 52
3.4 Fisheries Production by Province, CALABARZON, 2004-2014 53
3.5 Distribution of Employed Persons by Sector, CALABARZON, 58
2009-2016
3.6 CALABARZON Population Pyramid, 2015 59
3.7 Manufacturing Employment Location Quotient by Region, 61
2011-2016
3.8 Same-day Tourist Arrivals, CALABARZON, 2011-2016 64
3.9 Overnight Tourist Arrivals, CALABARZON, 2011-2016 65
3.10 Employees, Rooms, and Accredited Establishments, 65
CALABARZON 2011-2016
3.11 Paved National Roads, CALABARZON, 2015-2016 68
3.12 National Road Condition, CALABARZON, 2015-2016 68
3.13 CALABARZON National Road Network 69
3.14 Proposed and On-going Bypass and Diversion Road Projects, 69
CALABARZON, 2018
3.15 Volume Capacity Ratio, CALABARZON 71
3.16 Annual Average Daily Traffic, CALABARZON, 2015 71
3.17 Proportion of Households and Sitios with Electric 82
Connections, CALABARZON, 2016-2017
4.1 The Four Policy Areas of the Physical Framework Plan 130
4.2 CALABARZON Population Projection 142
4.3 Estimated Population Projection per Province 142
4.4 Overall Production Framework 168
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xvii

List of Maps
NO. TITLE PAGE
3.1 CALABARZON Location Map 9
3.2 CALABARZON Provinces 11
3.3 CALABARZON Population Map, 2000 13
3.6 Municipalities With Population Density Higher Than The 15
Regional Average, 2015
3.7 CALABARZON Population Density Map, 2000 16
3.10 CALABARZON Built-up Area, 2003 20
3.13 CALABARZON Network of Settlements, 2015 21
3.14 CALABARZON Slope, 2015 23
3.15 CALABARZON Lakes 25
3.16 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Batangas 28
3.17 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Laguna 29
3.18 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Quezon 29
3.19 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Rizal 30
3.20 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Cavite 30
3.21 CALABARZON Forest Cover, 2003 32
3.24 Existing Protected Areas in CALABARZON 35
3.25 CALABARZON Climate Map 38
3.26 Active Faults in CALABARZON 42
3.27 CALABARZON Ground Shaking Hazard Map 44
3.28 CALABARZON Liquefaction Hazard Map 45
3.29 CALABARZON Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map 46
3.30 CALABARZON Tsunami Inundation Hazard Map 47
3.31 CALABARZON Volcanic Hazard Map 48
3.32 CALABARZON Flood Hazard Map 49
3.33 CALABARZON Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map 50
3.34 CALABARZON Economic Zones 56
3.35 CALABARZON Tourism Development Areas 63
3.36 CALABARZON National Roads, 2016 67
3.37 CALABARZON Ports 73
3.38 Airports in CALABARZON 75
3.39 Hospitals in CALABARZON 85
3.40 CALABARZON HEIs and SUCs 90
3.41 Approved Certificate of Ancestral Domain 92
3.42 CALABARZON Poverty Incidence, 2009 94
4.1 CALABARZON RPFP 2004-2030 Spatial Strategy 101
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xix

NO. TITLE PAGE
4.2 CALABARZON Centers, Corridors, Wedges 102
4.3 Strategic Development Cluster 1 105
4.15 Laguna Lake Cluster 127
4.16 Taal Lake Cluster 129
4.17 Regional Physical Framework Plan of CALABARZON 2017-2046 131
4.18 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility 136
to Flooding
4.19 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility to 137
Rain-Induced Landslide
4.20 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility 138
to Liquefaction
Earthquake-Induced Landslide
Ground Shaking
4.23 Tsunami-Prone CALABARZON Built-Up Area 141
4.24 CALABARZON Projected Population Map, 2046 145
4.25 CALABARZON Projected Population Density Map, 2046 146
4.26 Proposed Network of Settlements, 2046 149
4.27 Settlement Suitability Map in CALABARZON 152
4.28 Existing Settlement and Expansion Areas in CALABARZON 153
4.29 CALABARZON SAFDZ, 1990 158
4.30 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ, 2015 158
4.31 2015 Built-up Area within 1990 CALABARZON Strategic 159
Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones
4.32 Economic Zones within Protection Land Use 161
4.33 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Environmentally 163
Constrained Areas
4.34 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Protected Areas 164
4.35 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Forest Cover 165
4.36 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Protection 166
Land Use
4.37 CALABARZON Ecotourism Sites within Protection Land Use 167
4.38 Existing Production Land Use Map in CALABARZON 170
4.39 Proposed Production Land Use Map in CALABARZON 171
4.40 Existing Protection Land Use Map of CALABARZON 177
4.41 Protected Areas in CALABARZON 181
4.42 Indicative Protection Land Use in CALABARZON 185
4.43 Proposed Major Roads, Railways, and Bridges in CALABARZON 187
4.44 Seaports in CALABARZON 191
NO. TITLE PAGE
4.45 Airports in CALABARZON 193
4.46 CALABARZON Transportation Solution, 2017-2046 195
4.47 Cell Sites in CALABARZON 196
4.48 Mobile Network Coverage 197
4.49 Irrigation Projects in CALABARZON 200
4.50 Flood Control Projects in CALABARZON 202
4.51 Sanitary Landfills in CALABARZON 205
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xxi

Chapter 1
Introduction
Overview
CALABARZON, also known as Region driven the population upward and in
IV-A, is bounded by Metro Manila 2015, CALABARZON had the highest
(National Capital Region) and Central population nationwide.
Luzon Region (Region III) in the north,
and MIMAROPA (Region IV-B) and However, the growing economy and
Bicol Region (Region V) in the south. It high population growth bring greater
is politically subdivided into 5 provinces, demand for land to support production
1 highly urbanized city, 19 component and settlements. The competing demand
cities, 122 municipalities, and 4,011 for land coupled with the constraints on
barangays. The five provinces are Cavite, hazards, protection of the environment
Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon. and impact of climate change are
issues that have to be resolved through
The Region plays a key role in the participatory rational land use planning.
Philippine economy as it contributes
the second highest share to the Gross Hence, the Regional Physical Framework
Domestic Product (GDP). It has also the Plan (RPFP) 2017-2046 serves as the
largest contribution to the manufacturing guide for the physical development of
output of the country. Industry and the Region through policies, strategies
services are the main drivers of economic and programs to achieve the vision of
growth in CALABARZON. CALABARZON: A Region of vibrant
economic diversity and vitality with
Its thriving economy and proximity to the progressive, well-planned town clusters
National Capital Region (NCR) make it inhabited by God-loving people enjoying
an attractive location for many industries globally competitive, balanced and
as well as job seekers. In-migration has resilient ecosystems.
Rationale
The Letter of Instructions No. 1350 location of people and resources to ensure
mandates the Regional Development a sustainable and competitive economy,
Councils to synchronize and coordinate adhere to the highest environmental
efforts toward the optimum utilization standards and achieve a good quality of
of the Region’s land and other related life throughout the Region.
resources through the formulation of
the RPFP. The RPFP is a long-term plan The RPFP provides an overarching
spanning 30 years that provides strategic framework for medium-term Regional
and long-term perspective on the future development plans which contain more
development of the Region. It aims to guide specific and short-term strategies,
decisions on how land and other natural programs, and projects to achieve the
resources will be put to its most beneficial desired physical or spatial development in
use, and at the same time managed and the Region.
conserved for the benefit of present and
future generations. In particular, the It is necessary to update the existing
RPFP seeks measures on how to best CALABARZON RPFP 2004-2030 given
influence the relationship between the the rapid physical and urban development
Chapter 1 Introduction | 1
taking place in many parts of the Region. Further, the CALABARZON RPFP
From 2002 to 2019, the number of cities in 2017-2046 will be enhanced to
the Region doubled from 8 to 19 with one mainstream disaster risk reduction (DRR)
highly urbanized city, Lucena City. The and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)
updated RPFP will also be harmonized as guided by the National Economic
with the national and local development and Development Authority and
plans and policies. Consistent with the United Nations Development Program
National Spatial Strategy (NSS) and the Guidelines on Mainstreaming DRR in
Luzon Spatial Development Framework Subnational Development and Land Use/
(LSDF), the Region’s spatial strategy will Physical Planning. DRR and CCA will
be updated to incorporate the three policy guide the policies and strategies in the
areas on concentration, connectivity and RPFP’s four major land uses, which are:
vulnerability reduction. The updated Settlements Development, Production
Provincial Development Physical Land Use, Protection Land Use, and
Framework Plans (PDPFP) of the Region’s Infrastructure and Utilities Development.
five provinces and Comprehensive Land
Use Plans of highly urbanized and other
cities will also be incorporated in the new
RPFP which will span from 2017 to 2046.
Purpose and Objectives

The RPFP serves as the “blueprint” to 3. guide government agencies and
guide public and private investments on private developers, particularly those
the desired physical development of the undertaking large-scale projects, on
Region. Specifically, it aims to: the proper project location and the
implementation of the necessary
1. provide a firmer basis for sectoral mitigation measures or works;
plans especially those that relate to 4. provide a basis for adjudicating
the physical aspects of development conflicts arising from the
like land, natural resources and implementation of land use plans,
infrastructures, as well as the socio- development projects, and similar
economic dimensions that aim to activities that straddle the boundaries
lessen vulnerabilities and improve of two or more provinces and
resilience of communities to disasters municipalities/ cities and;
and infectious disease outbreaks; 5. provide a basis for inter local
2. reconcile and rationalize land use government unit (LGU) and LGU,
and development proposals among national government agency,
adjoining localities and with higher and private sector cooperation
level framework plans; or collaboration.
Guiding Principles and General

Assumptions
The strategies and activities to implement principles will also serve as yardsticks
the RPFP will be guided by a set of for planning activities as well as in
principles to ensure a sustainable, determining and evaluating investment
inclusive, and integrated form of physical decisions. The guiding principles are
development in the Region. These as follows:
2 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Anchor on and adhere to laws growth, the development of an integrated
concerning the environment and resilient transport and infrastructure
and ecology systems to support the efficient movement
of people and goods will be put in place.
The RPFP recognizes the constitutional Further, the ease of doing business
provision of the rights of the people to a will be continuously improved to
balanced and healthful ecology (Article attract investments.
II, Section 16 of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution). To ensure ecological Strengthen urban and rural
integrity for the present and future relationships and forging linkages with
generations to benefit from, it advocates neighboring Regions
adherence to environmental laws such as
the National Integrated Protected Areas The economic and physical linkages
System Act or Republic Act (RA) 7586, between urban and rural areas in the
and laws concerning environmental Region will still be identified, strengthened
standards such as the Clean Water Act and maximized. Consistent with the
(RA 9275), Clean Air Act (RA 8749), and NSS principle on spatial integration,
the Ecological Solid Waste Management consumption (urban) and production
Act (RA 9003), among others. (rural) areas will be linked to achieve
physical and economic integration through
Promote a sustainable pattern of appropriate infrastructure systems.
development throughout the Region Areas of cooperation and partnership
with neighboring Regions which are
Consistent with the NSS principle on NCR, Central Luzon, MIMAROPA
agglomeration, the plan proposes to and Bicol will also be identified and
rationalize the movement of people and existing ones, strengthened. The areas of
development activities to major urban cooperation can include environmental
centers and large towns to enhance their protection, transport planning or inter-
roles as administrative centers and hubs of Regional connectivity, food security,
economic activities as well as to prevent tourism development, employment, and
further loss of forest or protected lands poverty alleviation.
and key production areas. This will be
complemented by growth in rural areas Facilitate access to basic services
by adopting alternative development and advocate equitable allocation
approaches. This means maximizing of resources
the best use of the built environment
and infrastructure without sacrificing Improvement in the quality of settlements
environmental quality and historical in the Region requires the provision of
heritage to improve the quality of the adequate basic social services on health,
urban environment. education, social protection, and peace
and order. This need is more pronounced
Foster competitiveness of the in areas with high poverty incidence
Regional economy which are mostly located in rural, remote
and island municipalities in the Region;
To maintain the Region’s competitive thus, special attention must be given to
edge, there is a need for industry these areas to provide more opportunities
specialization and complementation to improve their quality of life. Aside
within the Region and linkage to high from improving the physical or spatial
value global value chain, intensified condition of settlements, efforts must also
innovation and adoption of science and be focused to enable communities to gain
technology, and increase investments greater access to basic goods and services
in education and skills development of that are essential to a person’s well-being.
the population. To support the Region’s
Mainstream Disaster Risk Proper and transparent platforms for
Reduction and Climate Change people and organization engagement
Adaptation to ensure individual and on development direction-setting and
economic resiliency decision-making will also be provided.
The RPFP recognizes that disasters and Integrate and promote coherence
climate change are real and need to be of various development plans and
integrated with physical planning to coordinated approach to address the
reduce its negative impacts to individuals various concerns at the Regional level
and to the Region’s economy. Thus, the
Region’s disaster profile and climate By integrating the PDPFPs and other
change projections are mainstreamed sector plans, the RPFP addresses
into the plan, as well as corresponding physical development concerns that cut
strategies and interventions. The plan across political subdivisions, sectors,
also acknowledges the importance of and geographic space and elevates
ridge-to-reef approach to physical these concerns within the perspective
planning which considers the impacts of of the Region. By providing a physical
activities in upstream/highland ecosystem framework and general land use policies
to downstream/lowland ecosystems that and strategies for the Region, the RPFP
can affect environmental quality and also seeks to promote coherence of
vulnerability to disasters, and may require various local development plans through
cross-boundary cooperation. the alignment of development objectives
and thrusts.
Encourage wide participation
of stakeholders and promote The implementation and achievement
public-private partnership and of the goals and objectives of the
good governance RPFP relies on the crucial support
from public and private stakeholders
The continued involvement of individual especially local governments which are
citizens, the business community, and expected to translate the RPFP into more
non-government organizations to the implementable plans and regulations at
development efforts in the Region will the provincial, city and municipal level.
be encouraged to develop ownership Continuous support from legislators,
and shared responsibility. The strong national government agencies and the
participation of the private sector in the private sector to allocate the needed
Region’s development will be sustained resources, especially financial, are
and new areas for partnerships will be also important to achieve the desired
explored to maximize available resources. long-term development in the Region.
Organization of the Plan

The DRR-CCA enhanced RPFP is Region that was formulated through a
composed of five chapters, namely: participatory process. Chapter 3 provides
• Chapter 1 - Introduction an analysis of the planning environment
• Chapter 2 - The Vision, Major Goals which describes the land and other
and Objectives physical resources of the Region and
• Chapter 3 – The Planning Environment development trends on population and
Chapter 4 – The Plan proper according settlements, income, services, poverty,
to the four major land use areas transportation, access, and utilities.
• Chapter 5 – Plan Implementation
Chapter 4 is the core of the RPFP which
After the Introduction, Chapter 2 presents details the Region’s spatial strategies,
the vision, goals and objectives of the land use strategies, and key programs

and projects by major land use policy
area on: a) Settlements Development,
b) Production Land Use, c) Protection
Land Use, and d) Infrastructure and
Utilities Development.
Chapter 5 discusses the institutions and

mechanisms to implement the Plan
which involve the Regional Development
Council, the Regional Land Use
Committee and the Regional Project
Monitoring Committee. It also discusses
RPFP implementation in terms of other
Regional and local plans, financing,
monitoring and evaluation, as well as
advocacy and support activities to move
the Plan forward.
Chapter 2
Vision, Overall Goal, and

Objectives
Vision
This vision reflects the views and The vision speaks of the Region’s promise
aspirations of the people of to be the most livable industrial Region
CALABARZON in the future. It was where no one is poor that will be achieved
developed as a result of a consultation through high and sustained economic
process participated by Regional and growth that creates massive and decent
local stakeholders in the Region. The employment and reduces poverty. It also
attainment of the vision is a shared points out the aspirations of its citizens to
responsibility by the public and private live in well-planned communities which
sectors. The vision is formulated, have decent and adequate housing, access
as follows: to quality services and utilities, green and
public places, good public transportation,
“CALABARZON: A Region and other amenities. The vision also
of vibrant economic diversity gives due regard to reducing negative
and vitality with progressive, environmental impacts of development
well-planned town clusters inhabited and ensuring that natural and human
by God-loving people enjoying communities are resilient against disasters
globally competitive, balanced and and shocks.
resilient ecosystems.”
Overall Goal
As a framework for long-term 2. Protect, enhance and manage
development, the overall goal of the prudently the physical, natural and
RPFP is to identify long-term policy man-made assets of the Region
directions and strategic program thrusts including water and air quality, soil
to promote a balanced and integrated and minerals;
approach to harness the potential of 3. Ensure the integrity of the physical
all areas in the Region that will help environment by mainstreaming
achieve Regional cohesion, build a DRR and CCA and reducing the
strong Regional economy and promote impact of disasters and infectious
livable communities conducive to work disease outbreaks;
and recreation. 4. Create and strengthen vibrant, robust
and culturally stimulating centers
To guide the achievement of the vision or communities with high quality
and overall goal, the following objectives built environment as focal points
are proposed: for development;
5. Improve accessibility to jobs
1. Strengthen the competitiveness of and maximize linkages between
the Regional economy in agriculture, consumption areas or markets and
industry and services to address social production areas;
and economic disparities and to focus 6. Facilitate the equitable distribution
appropriate interventions on lagging of basic services and facilities
areas in the Region;
Chapter 2 Vision, Overall Goal, and Objectives | 7

including education, health care and
recreational facilities; and
7. Establish sustainable and responsive
transport systems and other
infrastructure in a coordinated and
cost-effective manner.

Chapter 3
The Planning Environment

Geographic Location
CALABARZON is bounded on the southeast by Bicol Region, on the south by
north by the National Capital Region, MIMAROPA Region, and on the west by
on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the Manila Bay.
Map 3.1 CALABARZON Location Map
Chapter 3 The Planning Environment | 9

Land Area
The Region has a total land area of Among its five provinces, Quezon has
16,228.61 square kilometers and accounts the largest land area with 8,706 square
for 5.4 percent of the country’s total land kilometers and accounts for 53.6 percent
area of 300,000 square kilometers. It is the of the Region’s land area.
6th smallest in terms of land area among
the 17 Regions of the country.
Table 3.1 Land Area per Province (in square kilometer), CALABARZON
PROVINCE LAND AREA (SQ KM) % TO TOTAL
Cavite 1,287.55 7.93
Laguna 1,759.73 10.84
Batangas 3,165.81 19.51
Rizal 1,308.92 8.07
Quezon 8,706.60 53.65
CALABARZON 16,228.61 100
Political Subdivisions
In 2002, Executive Order No. 103 General Trias, Imus, Tagaytay and
divided Region IV into Region TreceMartirez in Cavite, the Cities of
IV-A or CALABARZON and Region Biñan, Cabuyao, Calamba, San Pablo,
IV-B or MIMAROPA. At that time, San Pedro and Santa Rosa in Laguna, the
CALABARZON Region consisted of 5 Cities of Batangas, Lipa, Tanauan and Sto.
provinces, 1 highly urbanized city, 9 cities, Tomas in Batangas, Antipolo City in Rizal
132 municipalities, and 4,009 barangays. and Tayabas City in Quezon.
CALABARZON is composed of the The City of Calamba serves as the regional

provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, center as provided for in Executive Order
Rizal and Quezon. It has 25 congressional No. 246 series of 2003 “Designating
districts, 1 highly urbanized city Calamba City as the Regional Center of
Lucena City, 19 component cities, 122 Region IV-A”.
municipalities, and 4,011 barangays. The
cities include Bacoor, Cavite, Damariñas,
Table 3.2 Political Subdivision, CALABARZON, 2019

HIGHLY
CONGRESSIONAL
PROVINCE CAPITAL DISTRICTS
URBANIZED CITIES MUNICIPALITIES BARANGAY
CITY
Cavite Imus City 8 - 7 16 829

Laguna Santa Cruz 6 - 6 24 674
Batangas Batangas City 6 - 4 30 1,078
Rizal Antipolo City 4 - 1 13 188
Quezon Lucena City 4 1 1 39 1,242
CALABARZON 28 1 20 122 4,011
Source: DILG Region IV-A, House of Representatives

Map 3.2 CALABARZON Provinces

Population and Settlements
Population Size and Distribution to non-connectivity of these island
municipalities to the Luzon main island.
In 2015, the population of
CALABARZON reached 14.41 million Table 3.4 shows the distribution of
which represents 14.27 percent of the municipalities according to population
country’s population of 100.98 million. size within each province. The largest
It is 1.53 million higher than the cities and municipalities are concentrated
population of NCR, making it the most in Cavite with eight followed by Laguna
populous Region in the country. and Rizal with six each, while the smallest
cities and municipalities are found
The population of CALABARZON mostly in Quezon (24), Laguna (18) and
increased by 1.80 million people from Batangas (16).
12.61 million in 2010 to 14.41 million in
2015. Among the five provinces, Cavite Density
has the biggest population with 3.68
million while Quezon had the lowest with With a land area of 16,576 square
2.12 million. kilometers, the 2015 population density
of the Region was recorded at 870 persons
Maps 3.3 to 3.5 show the changes in per square kilometer. It is higher than
population of CALABARZON. The size the country’s population density of 337
of the circle represents the population persons per square kilometer but is much
of the cities and municipalities. Since lower than the NCR’s 20,785 person per
2000, the Region’s population increased square kilometer.
in municipalities and cities near NCR
and the major national roads going to Due to its proximity to Metro Manila,
Lucena City and Batangas City. Cities the Region serves as a catch basin for
and municipalities near NCR have larger Metro Manila’s population and industries.
populations than those that are not near Rapid population movement is most
NCR. This means people are drawn evident towards Cavite, Laguna and
to areas that they have access to social Rizal, which are the highly urbanized and
and economic opportunities as well industrialized areas of the Region. This
as transportation. is reflected in the population density of
Cavite at 2,410 per square kilometer, Rizal
This observation was supported by the at 2,439 per square kilometer, and Laguna
location of fast-growing municipalities at 1,574 per square kilometer. Out of 142
and cities in CALABARZON which cities and municipalities, 63 or 44.37
are all located near NCR. Rodriguez in percent of the cities and municipalities
Rizal came in first with a population of have a population density higher than the
369,222 in 2015 from 45,275 in 2000 regional average.
for an additional population of 323,947.
This was followed by Antipolo City, However, CALABARZON was able to
Bacoor City and Dasmariñas City establish Lucena City which is far from
with an additional population from NCR but with a population density of
2000 to 2015 of 305,520, 294,410 and 3,319 per square kilometer, higher than
279,499, respectively. that of Laguna, Rizal and Cavite. This is
mainly because of flourishing retail and
Slowest population growth was in Quezon, commerce, and industries in Lucena City.
Quezon at only additional population of
724, followed by Tingloy in Batangas at
891. The slow growth may be attributed

Map 3.3 CALABARZON Population Map, 2000

As shown in the population density maps, of CALABARZON is concentrated more
population density in CALABARZON in urban areas because of the goods,
increased from 2000 to 2015. This is more services and facilities the urban setting
evident in the dark shaded areas in Rizal, brings. However, it can be noted that
lower Cavite, and municipalities and the percentage of urban population
cities along the national roads going to decreased from 67.4 percent in 2000 to
Batangas Port, Sta. Cruz and Lucena City. 59.7 percent in 2010 and increased to 66.4
The population density growth rate of the percent in 2015, higher than the national
Region is 3.07 percent for the period 2000 level of urbanization at 51.2 percent.
to 2010 and 2.71 percent for 2010 to 2015. The slight decline in the proportion of
urban population may be attributed to
Urbanization the changes in the operational definition
of urban areas that were approved by
Urbanization refers to the transition from the National Statistical Board Resolution
rural to urban barangay classification No. 9, series of 2003. Based on the 2003
signifying a change in human habitat with definition, a barangay may be classified as
respect to the physical, demographic, and urban if: 1) it has a population size of 5,000
economic characteristics of the barangay. or more; 2) it has at least one establishment
Among the physical characteristics with a minimum of 100 employees; and
are street pattern, presence of facilities 3) it has five or more establishments
and amenities, while demographic with 10 to 99 employees and five or more
characteristics considered population facilities within the two-kilometer radius
density and economic characteristics from the barangay hall.
involved, presence of establishments
and type of occupation engaged in Growth Rate and Doubling Time
(NSO, 2003).
The Region recorded an average annual
In 2015, Rizal had the highest percentage population growth rate (AAPGR) of 2.58
of urban population at 93.6 percent, percent between 2010 and 2015. Although
followed by Laguna at 75.7 percent it is lower by 0.49 percentage points
and Cavite at 72 percent. The cities of compared to the AAPGR between 2000
Antipolo, Santa Rosa and Cabuyao, and and 2010, it ranks first among the Regions
municipalities of Taytay and Kalayaan in the country with highest population
were entirely urban. Lucena City was 92.5 growth rate.
percent urban.
Among the provinces, Cavite recorded
Urban-rural growth development the highest increase in population with a
shows that the Region has increasing growth rate of 3.37 percent, mainly due to
urban population compared to rural in-migration.
population. This means the population
Table 3.3 CALABARZON Population and Annual Growth Rate, 2000, 2010
and 2015
PROVINCE AND HIGHLY TOTAL POPULATION POPULATION GROWTH RATE
URBANIZED CITY 1-MAY-00 1-MAY-10 1-AUG-15 2000-2010 2010-2015
Cavite 2,063,161 3,090,691 3,678,301 4.12 3.37

Laguna 1,965,872 2,669,847 3,035,081 3.11 2.47
Batangas 1,905,348 2,377,395 2,694,335 2.24 2.41
Rizal 1,707,218 2,484,840 2,884,227 3.82 2.88
Quezon (Excluding Lucena City) 1,482,955 1,740,638 1,856,582 1.61 1.23
Lucena City 196,075 246,392 266,248 2.31 1.49
CALABARZON 9,320,629 12,609,803 14,414,774 3.07 2.58
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Map 3.6 Municipalities With Population Density Higher than the Regional Average, 2015

Map 3.7 CALABARZON Population Density Map, 2000

Population growth is attributed mainly Existing Settlement Pattern
to in-migration for work and with
these migrant workers bringing their The spatial pattern and settlement
families. Increasing life expectancy also hierarchy in the Region is generally
contributed to population growth. characterized in terms of the roles and
functions of cities and municipalities and
With a 2.58 percent annual growth, the also based on population size. In general,
Region’s population is expected to double settlements with larger populations
in 20421, a rate that is much faster than yield wider scale of activities, and more
that of the Philippines and NCR. varied and complex activities because of
greater opportunities for division of labor
and specialization.
1
Computed using rule of 69 and CALABARZON’s
2010-2015 population growth rate of 2.58
Table 3.4 Distribution of Cities/Municipalities, By Population Size,

CALABARZON, 2015
PROVINCES 120,000 to 1,200,000 50,000 to 120,000 50,000 and below
Cavite 8 8 7
Laguna 6 6 18
Batangas 5 13 16
Rizal 6 6 2
Quezon 2 15 24
CALABARZON 27 48 67
Source: 2015 Census of Population and Housing
Table 3.5. CALABARZON Population Density, 2000, 2010 and 2015

PROVINCE AND HIGHLY POPULATION DENSITY
URBANIZED CITY 2000 2010 2015
Cavite 1,352 2,025 2,410
Laguna 1,020 1,385 1,574
Batangas 612 763 865
Rizal 1,444 2,101 2,439
Quezon (excluding Lucena City) 170 199 212
Lucena City 2,445 3,072 3,319
CALABARZON 562 761 870
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2000 and 2010 Census of Population and Housing, and 2015 Census
of Population and Land Management Bureau
Table 3.6 Percentage Distribution of Urban Population, CALABARZON, 2015

PROVINCE AND HIGHLY PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION
URBANIZED CITY 2000 2010 2015
Cavite 86.8 63.1 72.0
Laguna 83.5 71.9 75.7
Batangas 44.4 32.7 41.8
Rizal 95.8 92.7 93.6
Quezon (excluding Lucena City) 20.2 29.4
Lucena City 90.8 92.5

CALABARZON 67.4 59.7 66.4
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 processed by NRO IV-A

The identification of hierarchy is based connected areas which may serve as
on the typologies of settlements set by the transit stations, interchange, established
National Spatial Strategy, as follows: neighborhood, or general corridor
areas. The potential for transit station
• The international (or potential areas qualify to be the appropriate
international) centers comprise of locations for significant new growth.
around 1.2 million and larger population.
These centers have or possess a strong • The provincial centers have population
potential to have direct international from 50,000 to 120,000. In general, these
linkages as indicated by the presence centers have extended city-municipal
of international airports, major central service coverage but do not go beyond
business districts that serve national their host province. These centers can
or international companies and the support some national chains such as
availability of globally branded and McDonalds, DHL distribution centers,
high-end commodities (e.g. luxury as well as small Regional or provincial
automobiles). The contiguous areas airports, hospitals and non-deluxe
of San Pedro-Calamba, Bacoor- hotels. There are 48 settlements in
Dasmariñas, and Cainta-Antipolo are this category.
included in this category.
• The local centers have population below
• The Regional centers have population 50,000. The most obvious indicator
ranging from 120,000 to 1.2 million. is the presence of some form of food
This is a broad spectrum of centers, retail—from the local carinderia to a
which have markets that serve well Jollibee fastfood restaurant—and a local
beyond their local boundaries. These health clinic or similar facility. Almost
centers are able to support Regional half (47%) of the Region’s settlements
branches of national-level franchises are in this fifth tier, comprised of local
and services (e.g. SM regional malls, or rural centers. The smallest settlement
a range of automobile dealerships, is the island municipality of Jomalig
deluxe hotels, call centers), base in Quezon with a population of 7,417
ports, and residential subdivisions of based on the 2015 census.
Metro Manila-based developers. For
CALABARZON, these are Antipolo Built-Up Areas
City, Dasmarinas City, Calamba City,
Batangas City and Lucena City. The total built-up area of the Region is
estimated at 1,245.62 square kilometers
• The sub-regional centers are relatively in 2015. This represents 11.84 percent of
large settlements that form the market the total land classified as Alienable and
catchments of Regional centers. Disposable. Among the provinces, Cavite
They also connect to and serve as has the highest built-up area of 330.61
service centers of smaller provincial square kilometers.
and local centers. The areas have a
minimum population size of 120,000. In general, the total built-up areas
As sub-regional centers grow, they tend increased by 10.84 percent from 1,123.76
to merge with adjacent regional centers square kilometers in 2010.
to form even larger metropolitan areas.
A total of 22 settlements in the Region Maps 3.10 to 3.12 show how fast
are included in this category. These built-up areas in CALABARZON were
towns and cities are also considered as growing. From 2003 to 2010, the Region’s
the corridors in the cluster approach. built-up areas increased at a very fast
The corridors are primarily annual average growth rate of 18.01
transportation arteries linking centers percent. However, for the period 2010
to centers. These are accessible and to 2015, built-up areas increased only

at an annual average growth rate of 2.08 attributed to concentration in existing
percent. The slow growth rate may be built-up areas.
Table 3.7 CALABARZON Built-up Areas, 2015

PROVINCE BUILT UP AREAS CERTIFIED A& D % OF BU FROM A&D
Cavite 330.61 1,077 30.69
Laguna 270.23 1,347 20.06
Batangas 272.11 2,712 10.03
Rizal 206.61 639 32.34
Quezon 166.06 4,744 3.50
CALABARZON 1,245.62 10,519 11.84
Table 3.8 5-Level Network of Settlements, 2015

CATEGORIES POPULATION CENTERS
Metropolitan Centers ≥1.2 million population National Capital Region Cities
Regional Centers ≥120,000-1.2 million Antipolo City
population Calamba City
Dasmariñas City
Batangas City
Lucena City
Sub-Regional Centers Minimum 120,000 Cavite (7) Laguna (5) Batangas (4) Rizal (5)
Population City of Bacoor Cabuyao City City of Tanauan Binangonan
City of General City of Biñan Lipa City Cainta
Trias City of San Pedro Nasugbu Rodriguez
City of Imus City of Santa Santo Tomas San Mateo
General Mariano Rosa Taytay
Alvarez San Pablo City Quezon (1)
Tanza Sariaya
Trece Martires
City
Silang
Provincial Centers 50,000-120,000 Cavite (8) Laguna (6) Quezon (15) Batangas (13)
population Alfonso Bay Atimonan Balayan
Cavite City Calauan Calauag Bauan
Carmona Los Baños Candelaria Calaca
Indang Pila Catanauan Calatagan
Kawit Nagcarlan City of Tayabas Ibaan
Naic Santa Cruz Gumaca Lemery
Rosario (Capital) Infanta Lian
Tagaytay City Lopez Malvar
Rizal (6) Lucban Rosario
Angono Mauban San Jose
Baras Mulanay San Juan
Morong Pagbilao San Pascual
Teresa San Francisco Taal
Pililla Tagkawayan
Tanay Tiaong
Local Centers 50,000 and below Cavite (7) Laguna (18) Batangas (16) Quezon (24)
Amadeo Alaminos Agoncillo Agdangan
General Emilio Cavinti Alitagtag Alabat
Aguinaldo Famy Balete Buenavista
Magallanes Kalayaan Cuenca Burdeos
Maragondon Liliw Laurel Dolores
Mendez-Nuñez Luisiana Lobo General Luna
Noveleta Lumban Mabini General Nakar
Ternate Mabitac Mataasnakahoy Guinayangan
Magdalena Padre Garcia Jomalig
Rizal (2) Majayjay San Luis Macalelon
Cardona Paete San Nicolas Padre Burgos
Jala-Jala Pagsanjan Santa Teresita Panukulan
Pakil Taysan Patnanungan
Pangil Talisay Perez
Rizal Tingloy Pitogo
Santa Maria Tuy Plaridel
Siniloan Polillo
Victoria Quezon
Real
Sampaloc
San Antonio
San Andres
San Narciso
Unisan

Map 3.10 CALABARZON Built-up Area, 2003

Map 3.13 CALABARZON Network of Settlements, 2015

Physical Resources
Topography rural settlements, industrial, institutional,
and infrastructure development. Quezon
The spatial pattern and settlement has the largest of these areas followed
CALABARZON has one of the most by Batangas.
varied landforms in the country,
consisting of flat coastal area, upland Areas with slopes ranging from 8 to 18
interior areas of slightly moderate percent are moderately sloping to rolling
rolling or undulating plains and hills, are also suitable for agriculture. Around
and mountains. 32 percent of the land areas are in this
category. Quezon has the largest of these
Part of the southern foothills of the Sierra areas followed by Batangas.
Madre Mountain ranges can be found in
the eastern portion of the Region while Areas with 18 to 30 percent slope or
the Bondoc Peninsula is located in the strongly sloping to moderately steep are
southern part of the Region. Among the suited for plantation forest. These areas
mountains in the Region are Makiling, are only around 3 percent of the total land
Batulao, Makulot, Malarayat, and Palay- area and Quezon has the largest of these
Palay/ Mataas na Gulod. Active volcanoes areas followed by Batangas.
such as Banahaw and Taal are also found
in the Region. Areas within 30 to 50 percent slope or
steep hills and mountains are suitable for
Slope production forest. Most of these areas are
in Quezon and Rizal.
Slope, which controls the direction and
often the quantity of surface drainage and The remaining 24.6 percent of the Region’s
influences soil erosion susceptibility and land has a slope gradient of more than 50
rainfall infiltration into the soil, is one of percent which are solely for forest reserve
the most important land characteristics mountains. Quezon has the largest of
being considered in land use these areas followed by Batangas.
suitability evaluation.
In general, the Region poses a good
Around 30 percent of the Region’s total opportunity for agriculture, urban and
land area is within 0 to 8 percent slope. rural settlement, industrial, institutional,
These are level to undulating lands and and infrastructure development as more
best suited for agriculture, urban and than half of its land area, 59.73 percent,
has slope ranging from 0 to 18 percent.
Table 3.9 Slope range per province in CALABARZON
SLOPE RANGE (%)
STRONGLY
GENTLY MODERATELY VERY STEEP TOTAL
PROVINCE LEVEL TO
SLOPING TO SLOPING TO
SLOPING TO STEEP HILLS
HILLS AND
NEARLY LEVEL MODERATELY AND MOUN- (HA)
UNDULATING ROLLING MOUNTAINS
(0-3%) STEEP TAINS (30-50%)
(3-8%) (8-18%) (>50%)
(18-30%)
Cavite 26,603 30,438 40,330 7,644 6,154 17,586 128,755

Laguna 47,194 24,460 50,487 10,558 18,658 24,616 175,973
Batangas 25,253 54,624 118,490 12,810 17,750 87,654 316,581
Rizal 7,330 6,448 33,232 332 33,950 49,600 130,892
Quezon 141,976 73,360 289,044 16,314 139,026 210,940 870,660
CALABARZON 248,356 189,330 531,583 47,658 215,538 390,396 1,622,861
% to total land 15.30 11.67 32.76 2.94 13.28 24.06 100

area

Map 3.14 CALABARZON Slope, 2015

Water Resources
Lakes Bays
The Region is endowed with abundant The Region has five bays, namely: 1)
water resources, such as the Laguna Lake, Manila Bay which covers Rizal and Cavite
the country’s largest lake with a total area and shared with NCR, 2) Balayan and
of 381,320 ha, and Taal Lake, the third adjacent Bays which are shared by 12
largest lake with a total area of 263.18 municipalities of Batangas; 3) Laguna de
square kilometers. CALABARZON has Bay which covers portion of Laguna and
nine lakes, seven of which are found in Rizal; 4) Tayabas Bay and 5) Lamon Bay
San Pablo City shared with Nagcarlan in Quezon.
and Rizal, Laguna, namely, Bunot,
Calibato, Mohicap, Palakpakin, Pandin, Watersheds
Sampalok, and Yambu.
CALABARZON has 14 proclaimed
watershed forest reserves and 24 critical
watersheds supporting the National
Irrigation System.
Table 3.10 List of Proclaimed Watershed Forest Reserve

NAME OF WATERSHED LOCATION PROCLAMATION
FOREST CITY/ AREA (HA)
RESERVATION (WFR) PROVINCE MUNICIPALITY NO. DATE
Malabanban WFR Laguna San Pablo City 384.21 82 February 24, 1999
Caliraya-Lumot River WFR Laguna Paete, Cavinti, 10,770.71 573 June 25, 1969
Kalayaan, Lumban
Real-Infanta WFR Quezon Infanta, Real 384 158 February 13, 1967
Polillo WFR Quezon Polillo 130 72 August 09, 1966
Binahaan River WFR Quezon Pagbilao 465 735 May 29, 1991
Panukulan WFR Quezon Panukulan 178.68 290 November 06,

1993
Umiray Watershed Reserve Quezon General Nakar 16,772.75 264 September 28,
1993
Mulanay WFR Quezon Mulanay 25.6 296 July 21, 1938
Lopez WFR Quezon Calauag, 418 566 June 22, 1940

Guinayangan
Tibiang-Domagandong WFR Quezon Guinayangan 280 295 July 21, 1938
Calauag WFR Quezon Calauag 327.86 367 January 02, 1939
Alabat WFFR Quezon Alabat 688 156 September 18,

1987
Buenavista Watershed Quezon Buenavista 356 166 June 27, 1937
Maulawin Quezon Tayabas 204 365 January 02, 1939
Kaliwa River Forest Quezon General Nakar 11,608.00 573 June 26, 1969
Marikina WFR Rizal Antipolo City, 18,966.00 2840 January 29, 1986
Montalban, Tanay,
San Mateo
TOTAL 61,958.81
Source: DENR Region IV-A (2016 ENR Statistics)

Map 3.15 CALABARZON Lakes

Table 3.11 Critical Watersheds Supporting National Irrigation System
NAME OF RIS CITY/ RIS SERVICE
NO. NAME OF WATERSHED SUPPORTED
PROVINCE MUNICIPALITY AREA (HA)
1 Balanac River Watershed Balanac RIS Laguna Magdalena, 1,056

Majayjay and Luisiana
2 Mabacan River Watershed Mabacan RIS Quezon Lucban 492
3 Llano River Watershed Mayor RIS Laguna, Quezon Santa Maria, Siniloan, 372
Real
4 Sta. Cruz River Watershed Sta. Cruz RIS Laguna Santa Cruz, Magdalena, 3,100
Nagcarlan
5 San Antonio River Watershed Sta. Maria RIS Laguna, Rizal, Sta. Maria, Tanay, Real 801
Quezon
6 NPC Tailrace and Lewin Creek Lumban RIS Laguna Lumban 102
Laguna FLIS 3,033
7 Macabling River Watershed Macabling RIS Laguna Santa Rosa City 752
8 San Cristobal River Cabuyao East PIS Laguna Cabuyao City, Calamba 575
Watershed City
San Cristobal RIS Laguna Calamba City 387
Diezmo RIZ Cavite Silang, Tagaytay City 810
9 San Juan River Watershed San Juan RIS Laguna Calamba 509
Batangas Sto. Tomas,
Tanauan, Malvar
Cavite FLIS 13,083
10 Maragondon River Watershed Balayugan A-Dam Cavite Naic 984
Balayugan B-Dam Cavite Naic 717
11 Caisobo River Watershed Culong-culong Cavite Indang 611
Dam
12 Labac-Alemang River Sahing Dam Cavite Naic 467
Watershed
Bancud Dam Cavite Indang 506
13 Timalan River Wtershed Tres Cruses Dam Cavite Tanza 872
14 Canas River Watershed Bayan Dam Cavite General Trias
Plucena Dam Cavite General Trias 794
Matanda A-Dam Cavite Tanza 1,026
Matanda B-Dam Cavite Tanza 940
15 Ylang-ylang River Watershed Pasong Kastila Cavite Imus 532
Dam
Butas Marcelo Cavite General Trias 969
Dam
San Agustin Dam Cavite Dasmariñas 692
Butas Navarro Cavite General Trias 660
Dam
16 LasongCamachile River ButasLawangBato Cavite General Trias 632
Watershed Dam
17 Imus River Watershed Julian Dam Cavite Imus 431
Makuling Cavite Dasmariñas 338
Luksuhin Cavite Dasmariñas 528
Embarcadero Dam Cavite Dasmariñas 941
18 Zapote River Watershed Molino Cavite Bacoor 443
19 Palico River Watershed Palico RIS Batangas Tuy, Nasugbu 386
20 Lagnas River Watershed Lagnas RIS Quezon Candelaria 753
21 Janagdong River Watershed Janagdong RIS Quezon Candelaria, Sariaya 329
22 Dumacao River Watershed Dumacao RIS Quezon Tayabas 2,227

NAME OF RIS CITY/ RIS SERVICE
NO. NAME OF WATERSHED SUPPORTED
PROVINCE MUNICIPALITY AREA (HA)
23 Agos River Watershed Agos RIS Quezon General Nakar, Infanta, 1,119
Real
Rizal Tanay, Teresa
24 Marikina River Watershed Wawa Dam Rizal Tanay, Montalban, Anti-
polo, Baras and Teresa
TOTAL 42,969
Source: DENR Region IV-A (2016 ENR Statistics)
Land Resources
CALABARZON has a total land area of of freshwater marshes are the three types
16,228.61 square kilometers or 5.4 percent of soil are commonly found in the Region.
of the country’s total land area.
Around two-thirds of the total land
However, the quality of the land has been area of the Region is characterized by
decreasing due to erosion, deforestation, well-drained, deep, low fertility acid
and land conversion. Moreover, weather soils which is best for roots crops and
change has brought prolonged droughts agro-forestry.
and excessive rains which affected the
productivity of the land, including quality Rock Type
of surface water. Thus, lower yields of
crops have been experienced. Climate Different kind of rocks can be found in
change is expected to be more pronounced the Region. Among these are quarts,
in the coming years. limestone, sandstone, granite and
volcanic rocks.
Soil Physiography
Clay (clay loam, loam and sandy loam);

fine sandy loam (silt loam, adobe and
sandy clay loam); and hydrosol or the soil
Table 3.12 Distribution of Rock by Type

PROVINCE LOCATION/DISTRIBUTION ROCK TYPE
Cavite Greatest part of Cavite Volcanic materials, tuff, cinders, Basalt, breccia, agglomerate
and interbeddings of shales and sandstones
Laguna Southern shores of Laguna de Bay, Alluruim conglomerate sandstone, Tuffite, andesite basalt and
Western side of Mount Makiling, volcanic Breccia
Nagcarlan and Mt. Lagula
Batangas Greatest part of Batangas Andesite, limestone, agglomerate Tuff, alluruim, quartz-
diorite, Metavolcanics and metasediments
Rizal The whole area Metavolcanic, diorite, sedimentary Rocks and limestone
Quezon Bondoc Peninsula, Polillo Island Limestone, diorite, andesite
and other parts of Quezon
Source: Bureau of Mines and Geo-Sciences, 1993

Mineral Resources
CALABARZON has a variety of potential in terms of iron, limestone,
mineral resources, both metallic and shale or silica, and concrete aggregate
non-metallic. Among the metallic or sand gravel. On the other hand, the
mineral are gold, copper, chromite, iron, probability of occurrences of mineral
manganese, and nickel. Non-metallic deposits with economic potentials within
minerals present are andesite, basalt, clay, Cavite is considered unlikely. The only
gravel and sand, marble, limestone, clay, mineral deposits of commercial value in
feldspar, silica sand, and rock aggregates. the area are volcanic rocks such as basalt
and andesite.
Batangas has the highest potential for
copper ore, gold, lead, and clay, and it is As of 2016, 0.17 percent or 28.85
the only province with barite and gypsum. square kilometers are covered by
Quezon Province is the second highest in mining tenements which are subject to
terms of availability of copper ore, gold, mandatory relinquishment.
and limestone while Rizal has the highest
Map 3.16 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Batangas

Map 3.17 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Laguna
Map 3.18 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Quezon

Map 3.19 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Rizal
Map 3.20 Mineral Resources Map, Province of Cavite

Land Classification
Alienable and disposable (A&D) lands The Region has an estimated total forest
constitute 64.6 percent of the total cover of 2,643 square kilometers or 16.28
land area of CALABARZON while percent of the total land area and 48.06
35.4 percent is forestland. As Quezon percent of the total classified forestlands.
has the biggest land area among the Forest cover declined by 8.77 percent or
provinces, it also has the largest A&D 254 square kilometers from 2004 to 2018.
land with 45.10 percent of the Region’s
A&D and 69 percent of the Region’s
forestland. A&D lands can be used for
residential, agriculture, commercial,
industrial, institutional, and other
similar purposes.
Table 3.13 Status of Land Classification Based on 2006 Land Classification Data
per Province
PROVINCES TOTAL
CATEGORY
CAVITE LAGUNA BATANGAS RIZAL QUEZON (sq. km.)
Total Land Area 1,288 1,760 3,166 1,309 8,707 16,229

Certified A and D 1,077 1,347 2,712 639 4,744 10,519
Classified Forestland 169 390 377 670 3,893 5,499
Unclassified Forest Land 41 23 77 - 69 210
Established Forest Reserves - 36 - 226 726 988
Established Timberland 141 323 288 439 3,057 4,248
National Parks and GRBS/WA - 28 85 - 95 208
Military and Naval Reservations 28 3 1 6 37
Civil Reservations - - - - 0 0
Fishponds - - 3 - 14 18
Source: DENR Region IV-A 2018ENR Statistics
Note: NAMRIA advices to maintain the 2006 Land Classification data while waiting for the enactment of the
law fixing the final forest land limits of the country and the completion of the Land Management Bureau’s
Cadastral Project to determine the administrative boundary of the LGUs.
Table 3.14 Forest Cover within Forestlands Based on 2006 Land Classification Data
per Province
FOREST COVER (SQ. KM.)
IN
PROVINCE TOTAL IN A&D LAND
CLOSED OPEN MANGROVE FORESTLAND
FOREST
Cavite 25 - 24 2 21 5
Laguna 146 12 134 - 45 102
Batangas 43 3 35 4 14 29
Rizal 167 41 125 - 163 4
Quezon 2,262 639 1,440 184 1,794 468
CALABARZON 2,643 696 1,758 189 2,036 607
Source: DENR Region IV-A 2018 ENR Statistics

Map 3.21 CALABARZON Forest Cover, 2003

Protected Areas
Expanded NIPAS Areas Protected Landscape; 8) Pamitinan

Protected Landscape; and 9) Upper
RA No. 11038 otherwise known as the Marikina River Basin Protected
Expanded National Integrated Protected Landscape (formerly Marikina
Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 2018, Watershed Reservation).
amending RA 7586, was established in
response to the increasing needs to protect Initial Component
areas which are outstandingly remarkable
and biologically important, from the The initial components of NIPAS, as
intense impact of human activities defined in RA 7586, refers to areas or
such as increasing population, resource islands in the Philippines proclaimed,
exploitation and industrial development. designated or set aside, pursuant to a
It also aims to sustain human life and law, presidential decree, presidential
development through securing the proclamation or executive order as
perpetual existence of all native plants and national park, game refuge, bird and
animals for the Filipino people of present wildlife sanctuary, wilderness area, strict
and future generation. nature reserve, watershed, mangrove
reserve, fish sanctuary, natural and
The NIPAS refers to the classification and historical landmark, protected and
administration of all designated protected managed landscape/seascape as well
areas to maintain essential ecological as identified virgin forests before the
processes and life-support systems, to effectivity of NIPAS Act of 1992. At
preserve genetic diversity, to ensure present, there are 10 initial components
sustainable use of resources found therein, for legislative enactment, these are:
and to maintain their natural conditions 1) Unnamed National Park,
to the greatest extent possible. Wildlife Sanctuary and Game
Preserve; 2) Kaliwa Watershed
The protected areas are categorized into: Forest Reservation; 3) Umiray
1) strict nature reserve; 2) natural park; 3) River Watershed Forest Reserve;
natural monument; 4) wildlife sanctuary; 4) Alibijaban Island Wilderness Area;
5) protected landscapes and seascapes; 5) Mulanay Watershed Forest Reserve;
6) resource reserve; 7) natural biotic 6) Infanta Watershed Forest Reserve;
area; and 8) other categories established 7) Polillo Watershed Forest Reserve;
by law, conventions or international 8) Alabat Watershed Forest Reserve;
agreements, which the Philippine 9) Binahaan River Watershed Forest
government is a signatory1. Reserve; and 10) Minasawa Island Game
Refuge and Bird Sanctuary.
To date, the Region has nine protected
areas legislated under the NIPAS, Additional Sites
namely: 1) Mts. Banahaw-San
Cristobal Protected Landscape; 2) Mts. Additional protected areas are areas
Palay-palay/Mataas na Gulod Protected notwithstanding the NIPAS areas
Landscape; 3) Taal Volcano Protected with outstanding physical features,
Landscape; 4) Hinulugang Taktak anthropological significance, and
Protected Landscape; 5) Quezon biological diversity in accordance
Protected Landscape; 6) Maulawin Spring with the result of the study of the area,
Protected Landscape; 7) Buenavista particularly through forest occupants’
survey, ethnographic study, and protected
1
Republic Act No. 7586 or the National Integrated area resource profile, among others.
Protected Areas System Act of 1992

Table 3.15 Proclaimed/Declared Protected Areas under NIPAS
NAME OF PROTECTED PROCLAMATION DATE OF
LOCATION AREA (HA)
AREA NO. PROCLAMATION
Mts. Palay- palay/ 1315 July 27, 2007 Ternate and Nasugbu Batangas 3,972.7
Mataas na Gulod
Protected Landscape
Taal Volcano 923 November 19, Municipalities of Talisay, Malvar, 62,292.16
Protected Landscape 1996 Tanauan City, Mataas na Kahoy,
Laurel, Agoncillo, Sta. Teresita,
Cuenca, Alitagtag, Lipa City, Balete,
and San Nicolas Province of
Batangas and Tagaytay City,
Province of Cavite
Hinulugang Taktak 412 November 17, Antipolo City, Rizal 3.58
Protected Landscape 2000
Mts. Banahaw-San 411/ RA 9847 December 11, Laguna, Quezon 10,900.59

Cristobal Protected 2009
Landscape
Quezon Protected 394 June 2, 2003 Municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre 1,042.85
Landscape Burgos, and Atimonan, Province of
Quezon
Maulawin Spring 295 April 23, 2000 Guinayangan, Quezon 183.15
Protected Landscape
Buenavista Protected 294 April 23, 2000 Mulanay, Quezon 287.24
Landscape
Pamitinan Protected 901 October 1, 1996 Rodriguez, Rizal 609.15
Landscape
Upper Marikina River 296 November 24, Municipalities of Antipolo, 26,125.64
Basin Protected 2011 Montalban, San Mateo and Baras,
Landscape (formerly Rizal
Marikina Watershed
Reservation)
Table 3.16 List of NIPAS Initial Components

NAME OF PROTECTED AREA LOCATION AREA(HA)
Unnamed National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Laguna, Quezon 146,310
Game Preserve
Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reservation General Nakar, Quezon and 35,150
Tanay, Rizal
Umiray River Watershed Forest Reserve General Nakar, Quezon 16,722.75
Alibijaban Island Wilderness Area San Andres, Quezon 430
Mulanay Watershed Forest Reserve Mulanay, Quezon 25.6
Infanta Watershed Forest Reserve Infanta, Quezon 384
Polillo Watershed Forest Reserve Polillo, Quezon 130
Alabat Watershed Forest Reserve Alabat, Quezon 688
Binahaan River Watershed Forest Reserve Pagbilao and Mauban, Quezon 465
Minasawa Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary Burdeos, Quezon 4
Non-NIPAS Areas Non-NIPAS areas include: 1) coastal

and freshwater wetlands; 2) secondary
Non-NIPAS areas are those that have growth forests (>50 percent slopes
outstanding physical and aesthetic and > 1000 meter elevation); 3) protected
features, anthropological significance, agricultural lands; 4) buffer strips and
and biological diversity but not yet easement along waterways and shorelines;
included under NIPAS. These 5) important bird areas; and
areas should also be accorded 6) ecotourism sites (natural/cultural
equal importance and protection. heritage areas).

Map 3.24 Existing Protected Areas in CALABARZON

Table 3.17 Additional Areas for Protection
NAME OF PROTECTED AREA LOCATION AREA(HA) STATUS
Masungi Rock Protected Tanay, Rizal 1,623.84 Initial Consultation. Currently under a
Landscape 10-year co-management agreement
with LGU Tanay izal per MOA dated
September 26, 2011
Kanan River Watershed General Nakar, 26,000 Initial PA Plan
Quezon
Ragay Gulf Quezon and 36,712.08 Initial PA Plan
Camarines Sur
Mapanghi Cave Initial Screening
Sumuot Cave Initial Screening
Maricaban Sprint Initial Screening and Initial PA Plan
Mt. Lobo Initial PA Plan and for Regional Review
and Recommendation with lacking
requirements
Dagatan Lake Natural Tayabas, Quezon 333 Regional Review and Recommendation
Monument with lacking requirements
Wetlands Lakes
Wetlands refers to areas of marsh, fen, Laguna de Bay and Taal Lake are among
peat lands or water, whether natural or the major lakes in the country. Laguna
artificial, permanent or temporary, with de Bay is the country’s largest lake
water that is static or flowing, fresh, with a surface area of 949 sq. km. and a
brackish or salty, including marine shoreline of 220 kilometers. It is a source
areas where depth during low tide does of water for raw water abstraction, power
not exceed six meters. Wetlands are generation, municipal and domestic uses,
important for water storage, fishery and irrigation water, navigational lane for
agricultural production, preservation passenger and cargo boats, aquaculture,
of wildlife habitats, maintenance of recreation, open fishing, flood control
water stables, shoreline stabilization, and a “virtual” cistern for domestic,
water purification and flood prevention. agriculture and industrial effluents3.
Wetlands are categorized as: 1) inland
wetlands; 2) coastal/marine wetlands; and Taal Lake is the third largest lake in the
3) human-made wetland. country with an aggregate area of 263.18
sq. km, around nine percent of which is
Inland Wetlands occupied by Taal Volcano Island. Taal
Lake is a potential source of treatable
Inland wetlands refer to inland water for domestic use. The Lake is home
deltas, rivers/streams/creeks, waterfalls, to “tawilis”, an endemic fish considered as
freshwater, brackish/alkaline lakes, one of the few freshwater “Sardinella” in
peatlands, freshwater marshes and the world, and “duhol”, one of the three
swamps while coastal wetlands include freshwater sea snakes in the world4.
sea bays and straits, seagrass beds,
coral reefs, marine shores, sand bars, Other lakes found in the Region are
sandy islets, and dune systems, Tadlak Lake, Bunot Lake, Calibato Lake,
estuarine and deltas, mud sand or salt Mahicap Lake, Lake Palakpakin, Pandin
flats, and mangrove swamps among Lake, Yambo Lake and Sampaloc Lake.
others. Human-made wetlands, on the
other hand refer to ponds, irrigated
agricultural land, salt pans, dams
and reservoirs2.
2
National Wetlands Action Plan for the Philippines 3
Laguna Lake Development Authority
2011-2016 4
DENR-PAWB Wetland Action Plan
Rivers and River Basins Type IV, on the other hand, is
characterized by an even distribution
The Region is also home to four of rainfall throughout the year. This can
of the major river basins in the only be felt in the central part of Quezon,
country, namely, Umiray River including the islands of Alabat.
(Quezon and Bulacan), Kaliwa-Kanan
River (Quezon), Pasig River (Manila and Seasonal Temperature Change
Rizal), and Pansipit River (Batangas).
Based on the study conducted by
Swamps, Marshes and Peatlands PAGASA entitled “Climate Change in
the Philippines”, the highest seasonal
Lalaguna Marsh is one of the major temperature increase is projected by 2050
swamps/marshes in the country. It is during the hottest months of March-
located in the tip of Lamon Bay, April-May at 2.2oC in the provinces of
Quezon Province, with an estimated area Cavite and Batangas, while in the coldest
of 4 square kilometers5. It is used for months of December-January-February,
fishing, duck and geese raising, and also as highest temperature increase of 2.0oC is
a source of water hyacinth, which is used projected in the province of Cavite.
for weaving mats and baskets6.
Seasonal rainfall change
Climate and Weather
In 2050, the volume of rainfall is
The Region has four types of climate based projected to decrease during the cold
on the data gathered and analyzed by the months of December-January-February
13 climatological stations of PAGASA in and during the dry/hot months of
the Region. March-April-May. On the other hand,
there will be a significant increase in
Type I Climate, which is characterized rainfall volume in Cavite and Rizal
by a distinct dry season from November during the wet months of June-July-
to April and wet season during the rest August. In general, the Region has drier
of the year, is the only climatic type that summer months and has more frequent
prevails in the provinces of Cavite and and heavy rains during the rainy months.
Batangas. This type of climate is also
present in the western portion of Laguna The projected seasonal temperature
and Rizal. It is the climate favorable to increase, seasonal rainfall change and
agricultural activities. frequency of extreme events in 2020
and 2050 under the medium-range
Type II Climate is characterized by a very emission scenario in the provinces in
pronounced maximum rainy period from CALABARZON are presented in Tables
November to January, with no distinct 3.18 to 3.20.
dry season. It covers the easternmost part
of Quezon including the Polillo Group
of Islands.
Type III, which shows relatively dry

season from January to April and wet
during the year covered the eastern part
of Batangas, Laguna, and Rizal.
5
DENR 2009
6
DENR 2011

Map 3.25 CALABARZON Climate Map

Table 3.18 Seasonal Temperature Increase (in oC) in 2020 and 2050 Under
OBSERVED BASELINE CHANGE IN 2020 CHANGE IN 2050
PROVINCE (1971-2000) (2006-2035) (2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Cavite 25.7 28.2 27.3 26.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.9
Laguna 25.0 27.5 27.5 26.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9
Batangas 24.2 26.5 25.9 25.6 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.9
Rizal 25.4 27.9 27.6 26.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9
Quezon 25.1 27.2 27.6 26.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8
Source: PAGASA
Table 3.19 Seasonal Rainfall Change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 Under Medium-Range
Emission Scenario
OBSERVED BASELINE CHANGE IN 2020 CHANGE IN 2050
PROVINCE (1971-2000) (2006-2035) (2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Cavite 124.9 242.8 985.7 579.0 -26.1 -28.2 13.1 0.4 -19.1 -30.5 24.2 5.9
Laguna 629.2 386.8 845.0 1066.5 -20.2 -31.5 2.9 2.9 0.1 -34.8 6.8 0.4
Batangas 231.1 280.4 856.5 746.4 -29.9 -24.1 9.1 0.5 -11.1 -23.1 17.2 6.3
Rizal 262.4 241.5 1001.3 821.8 -13.1 -30.7 12.4 -0.9 -11.5 -39.8 24.8 -0.8
Quezon 827.7 382.7 670.0 1229.3 -6.5 -18.6 2.9 5.2 6.6 -20.6 6.5 0.9
Source: PAGASA
Table 3.20 Frequency on Extreme Events in 2020 and 2050 Under Medium-Range
Emission Scenario
NO. OF DAYS W/ RAINFALL
NO. DAYS W TMAX>35OC NO. OF DRY DAYS >200MM
PROVINCES STATIONS OBS
(1971- 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050
2000)
Cavite Sangley 630 1,697 2,733 7,352 6,635 6,565 6 9 9

Laguna No data
Batangas Ambulong 928 8,010 8,016 8,226 6,081 6,049 6 14 9

Rizal No data
Quezon Alabat 53 132 733 6,629 7,025 7,042 20 58 70

Tayabas 22 791 1,434 6,771 4,717 4,668 17 9 12
Casiguran 575 1,720 2,768 6,893 4,520 4,887 23 54 57
Infanta 350 378 1,112 5,903 4,006 4,015 22 39 34
Source: PAGASA
Environmentally Constrained Areas

Environmentally constrained areas are natural hazards, the geologic hazards or
areas prone to natural hazards. The geohazards and hydrologic hazards.
country, by reason of its geographic,
geologic and tectonic setting, is prone Geologic hazards
to several geologic and natural hazards.
The recognition of these hazards is Geologic hazards refer to natural and
important to increase public awareness human-induced geological processes
in order to prevent and/or minimize that pose threat or risk and have the
destruction to property and great loss potential of causing destruction to man’s
of life. Generally, there are two types of life and property. Almost all types of

geologic hazards occur in the Philippines rocks or rock materials below the earth’s
except hazards associated with surface. Earthquakes occur along tectonic
glacier and seasonal snowfall. Among plate margins and active faults.
the geologic hazards are earthquakes,
landslide, tsunami, faulting and Among the active earthquake
volcanic eruptions. generator that may affect the Region are
the Philippine Trench, East Luzon Trench,
Earthquake Hazards Manila Trench, Lubang-Verde Island
Fault, Lipa Faults and the Valley Fault
Earthquakes range from feeble System. The Valley Fault System consists
shaking to violent trembling of the ground of the East Valley Fault and the West
produced by sudden displacement of Valley Fault.
Figure 3.1 Projected Seasonal Temperature Increase (in oC) in the Philippines in
2020 and 2050
Figure 3.2 Projected Rainfall Change (in %) in the Philippines in 2020 and 2050

The East Valley Fault is about 10 km long the low-lying areas near or surrounding
which traverses the municipalities of the Balayan Bay, Batangas Bay and Lobo
Rodriguez and San Mateo in Rizal in Batangas, low-lying areas of Angono,
Province and can generate a 6.2 San Mateo, Rodriguez in Rizal and the
magnitude earthquake, with intensity northeastern Polillo and Lucena-Tayabas,
VIII in the epicenter. The West Valley in Quezon.
Fault is approximately 100 km long and
transects portions of NCR, Region III Landslide
and CALABARZON (Rodriguez, San
Pedro City, Biñan City, Sta. Rosa City, Landslide refers to the downslope
Cabuyao City, Calamba City, Carmona, movement of sliding masses of soil
General Mariano Alvarez and Silang). and/or rock detached from the
West Valley Fault can generate a 7.2 underlying stationary part of the slope.
magnitude earthquake with intensity VIII This occurs when slope materials are no
in Metro Manila and nearby provinces1. longer able to resist the force of gravity.
It is sometimes called mass movement
Ground Shaking or mass wasting. In general, areas with
steep slope underlain by clayey soil or
Ground Shaking refers to the disrupting highly weathered or fractured rock and
up-down sideways motion of the ground transected by or near an active fault are
attendant to an earthquake event. In large vulnerable to this hazard.
magnitude earthquakes, ground shaking
can cause building collapse, liquefaction Landslide prone areas include the
and landslides. Carmona-Silang areas along the trace
of West Valley Fault; the Tagaytay
The entire Region is prone to ground Ridge and nearby steeply sloping areas.
shaking. The magnitude, however, will Deeply incised rivers, which are
depend on the intensity of the earthquake, common in Cavite, are also prone to this
the characteristic of the underlying rocks hazard. Steeply sloping areas in
and proximity of the epicenter. Calamba, Los Baños, San Pablo, Paete,
Kalayaan, Mabitac, Siniloan, and Famy
Liquefaction are identified landslide prone areas in
Laguna. The steep topography of San
Liquefaction refers to a process that Mateo, Antipolo, Morong, Tanay,
transforms the behavior of loose, Teresa, Pililla and Baras are the areas in
water-saturated soil from solid to Rizal prone to this hazard. In Quezon
liquid. This occurs during intense ground province, the municipalities in Bondoc
shaking and results in forcible expulsion Peninsula, Calauag, Lopez and Atimonan
of water and sediments to the surface in are the areas prone to landslide.
the form of water and sand fountaining.
Soils, which are most likely to liquefy, are Ground rupture
the recent alluvial deposits composed of
sands and silts (usually less than 10,000 Ground rupture refers to the offset
years old), with high groundwater levels or tearing of the ground surface by
and poorly compacted fills are susceptible differential movement along a fault
to this hazard. during an earthquake. This effect
is generally associated with Richter
Among the areas susceptible to magnitudes of 5.5 or greater and
liquefaction are the coastal areas of is restricted to particularly
Cavite, low-lying areas in Laguna, areas earthquake-prone areas.
near or surrounding the Laguna de Bay,
Displacements range from a few
1
The Valley Fault system in Greater Metro Manila
Area Atlas millimeters to several meters and the

Map 3.26 Active Faults in CALABARZON

damage usually increases with increasing is one of 15 “Decade Volcanoes” that
displacement. Significant damage is have been identified by the volcanology
usually restricted to a narrow zone community as presenting large potential
ranging up to 300 meters wide along the hazards to population centers.
fault, although subsidiary ruptures may
occur three to four kilometers from the Mount Banahaw, which lies between the
main fault. provinces of Laguna and Quezon, is a
complex and stratovolcano. The volcano
Ground rupture may occur in areas has four recorded eruptions since 1970,
traversed by active faults. The most the latest eruption is dated in 1909.
effective way to mitigate ground rupture
is to avoid construction in the near active The hazards posed by volcanoes are mostly
faults by setting buffer zones. associated with eruptions. These include
lava flows, and base surges, ash or tephra
Tsunami falls, tsunami, seiche and fissuring.
Tsunami refers to water waves or seismic Hydrologic Hazards

sea waves caused by large-scale sudden
movement of the sea floor, due usually Hydrologic hazards include fluvial (river)
to earthquakes and on rare occasions flooding and coastal flooding. Floods are
to landslides, volcanic eruptions, or generated by excessive rainfall associated
human-induced explosions. These waves with tropical cyclone occurrences.
can reach up to tens of meters above
sea level. River Flooding
Among the areas susceptible to tsunami River flooding occur when the capacity
are the coastal areas of Cavite, Batangas of stream channels to conduct water
and Quezon. Lake tsunami also occurs in is exceeded and water overflows
Taal Lake during the explosive eruptions the riverbanks. Floods are natural
of Taal Volcano that create large phenomena and maybe expected to
magnitude waves on the lake water occur at irregular intervals on all stream
induced by the sudden displacement and rivers.
of materials caused by explosions,
blasts, pyroclastic flows, landslides and Coastal Flooding
earthquakes at or near the lakeshore.
Coastal flooding is caused by storm
Volcanic Hazards surges, often exacerbated by storm
run-off from the upper watershed.
The CALABARZON Region has two Tsunamis are a special type of sea-borne
active volcanoes, Taal Volcano and flood. Storm surges are an abnormal
Mt. Banahaw. rise in sea water level associated with
hurricanes and other storms at sea.
Taal Volcano, found in the province of Surges result from strong on-shore winds
Batangas, is a complex cinder and tuff and/or intense low-pressure cells and
cones formed inside a large caldera ocean storms.
with a total area of 23 sq. km. It has 35
identified cones and 47 craters. Since
1572, Taal Volcano has erupted at
least 34 times. Since early 1991, the
volcano has been restless, with swarms of
earthquakes, new steaming areas, ground
fracturing, and increases in water
temperature of the lake. Taal Volcano

Map 3.27 CALABARZON Ground Shaking Hazard Map

Map 3.28 CALABARZON Liquefaction Hazard Map

Map 3.29 CALABARZON Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map

Map 3.30 CALABARZON Tsunami Inundation Hazard Map

Map 3.31 CALABARZON Volcanic Hazard Map

Map 3.32 CALABARZON Flood Hazard Map

Map 3.33 CALABARZON Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map

Regional Economic Performance
The Gross Regional Domestic Product second to Metro Manila. The Region’s
(GRDP) is the estimated total income or industry sector was the main contributor
output of goods and services accounted to the national output.
for by the following sectors: agriculture,
industry, and services. Sectoral Distribution of GRDP
Regional Growth and Share to The agriculture sector’s share to

National Economy GRDP has been decreasing since
2009 until 2014, when it showed
From 2009 to 2016, the GRDP slight improvement until 2016. The
of CALABARZON increased from services sector, on the other hand, had
PHP904 billion to PHP1.36 trillion. The stable rates of share, averaging at 32.3
Region’s share to the country’s gross percent. Meanwhile, industry sector
domestic product (GDP) slightly continued to be the Region’s main
decreased from 17.06 percent in 2009 to economic contributor with an average
16.8 percent in 2016, placing the Region share of 61.4 percent.
Table 3.21 Gross Regional Domestic Product and Growth Rates, Philippines and
GRDP (IN P ‘000,000) RegionAL SHARE GROWTH RATE (%)
YEAR
PHILIPPINES CALABARZON (%) PHILIPPINES CALABARZON
2009 5,297,240 903,911 17.06% - -
2010 5,701,539 1,009,390 17.70% 7.6% 11.7%
2011 5,909,000 1,026,047 17.36% 3.6% 1.7%
2012 6,311,671 1,097,789 17.39% 6.8% 7.0%
2013 6,750,709 1,170,989 17.35% 7.0% 6.7%
2014 7,164,016 1,230,928 17.18% 6.1% 5.1%
2015 7,600,175 1,302,297 17.14% 6.1% 5.8%
2016 8,126,403 1,364,951 16.80% 6.9% 4.8%
Note: GRDP is at constant 2000 prices since 2009.
Source: Philippine Statistical Yearbook, PSA
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry production, it can be noted that Batangas

province has the largest area planted
The major crops produced in the and sugarcane is one of the major crops
Region in terms of area planted are produced in the province. Further, the
coconut, palay, corn, sugarcane, banana, province has the largest area attributed to
mango, and coffee. Coconut production mango production. The top three varieties
comprised the bulk of cropland use in of mango produced in the province are
CALABARZON, utilizing 64 percent of carabao mango, pico, and indian mango.
the total cropland.
The decrease in percent share of the
The provinces of Quezon, Laguna, and agriculture, fisheries and forestry (AFF)
Batangas are the major areas of coconut sector to GRDP from 2009 to 2016 was
production. Quezon accounts for the due to the declining performance of the
77 percent of the total areas allotted for crop subsector which has been greatly
coconut production in CALABARZON affected by unfavorable weather and
and has the largest allocation of croplands climatic conditions.
to coconut production. For sugarcane

Figure 3.3 Distribution of GRDP by Sector, CALABARZON, 2009-2016
70 62.3 61.3 61.3 61.3 62.0
60.3 58.7 64.3
60
Percent Share to GRDP (%)
50
40 32.8 32.1 32.4 32.5 34.8
31.1 32.6 30.4
30
20
6.9 6.6 6.6 6.3 5.4 5.7
10 6.1 5.5
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Year
AFF Industry Services
Table 3.22 Top 10 Commodities per Area Planted (in hectares) per Province,
CALABARZON, 2016
CROP CAVITE LAGUNA BATANGAS RIZAL QUEZON CALABARZON
Coconut 13,607 60,000 36,305 270 375,026 485,208
Palay 10,572 31,261 13,761 8,254 52,920 116,768
Corn 831 1,477 6,624 285 25,867 35,084
Sugarcane 1,385 142 25,693 - 85 27,305
Banana 3,742 6,372 5,665 1,535 9,781 27,095
Banana saba 2,102 3,700 3,825 995 5,850 16,472
Mango 1,132 135 11,198 810 674 13,950
Coffee 8,250 621 3,897 60 644 13,472
Coffee Robusta 7,600 468 2,407 36 403 10,914
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
The Region is also one of the top In Rizal Province, Tanay, Morong, and
producers of livestock and poultry such Pililia municipalities host most of the
as hogs, chicken, chicken eggs, and cattle. province’s commercial piggery and
Livestock and poultry production poultry farms. While the municipalities
accounted for 55 percent of the total in the first, third, and fourth districts of
agriculture output and has been Laguna such as San Pedro, Biñan, Liliw,
increasing from 2011 to 2016. Production Pagsanjan, Nagcarlan, and Calauan,
activities for swine and chicken poultry among others, are host to a significant
in the Region are mostly concentrated number of commercial piggery and
in the provinces of Batangas and Rizal, poultry farms.
and an increasing trend was observed
in recent years in the province of Fishery-related resources in the Region
Laguna, particularly in backyard chicken are composed of several major fishing
poultry and commercial duck, hog, and grounds covering the coastal waters of
broiler production. Manila Bay, the Batangas Coast including
Balayan and Batangas Bays, Tayabas
In Batangas, most of commercial piggery Bay, Lamon Bay, and Ragay Gulf, which
farms are located in the municipalities is shared with the Bicol Region, and
of Malvar, Rosario, and Lipa City. freshwater lake bodies and inland waters
Commercial poultry farms, on the other principal, of which are the Laguna de
hand, are located mostly in San Jose, Bay, Taal Lake, and Seven Lakes.
Lipa City, Rosario, and Mataas na Kahoy.

CALABARZON ranks fifth among Among the fisheries subsectors,
the country’s major fishery producing aquaculture is greatly affected by
Regions in 2014. During the period weather disturbances which caused
2004-2014, total Regional production damages to infrastructure and other
averages 384,682.97 metric tons with production inputs. Likewise, the
an estimated value of 21 billion pesos at depletion of fishing grounds due to
constant prices. Among the provinces, destructive fishing activities may have
the combined fishery harvests of Rizal affected the declining production of the
and Quezon constitute 63 percent of fishery sector, particularly for commercial
the CALABARZON’s average annual and municipal fisheries.
production. The bulk of fish harvested
in the Region is contributed by the Industry
aquaculture subsector, averaging 45
percent of Regional fishery output, while From 2009 to 2016, the industry
37 percent and 18 percent have been sector’s output increased from
contributed by municipal and commercial PHP545,475 million to PHP837,489
fishery, respectively. million, with increased share to GRDP
from 60 percent to 64 percent.
Table 3.23 Volume of Production of Livestock and Poultry by Type and Province
(in metric tons), CALABARZON, 2016
CHICKEN DUCK
LOCATION CARABAO CATTLE HOG GOAT CHICKEN DUCK
EGG EGG
Cavite 998 15,951 167,664 2,228 102,612 106,256 34 31
Laguna 236 3,013 29,614 258 27,164 5,573 29 28
Batangas 1,815 2,471 44,078 341 44,860 4,399 73 821
Rizal 3,792 6,427 47,395 833 65,096 4,935 368 1,433
Quezon 436 792 76,305 137 88,698 19,111 79 35
Source: : PSA CountrySTAT
Figure 3.4 Fisheries Production by Province, CALABARZON, 2004-2014

Rizal
Quezon
Laguna
Cavite
Batangas
Region IV-A
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Commercial Municipal Aquaculture
The manufacturing sub-sector was the estates in the Region since the late 1990s
main contributor of the sector during brought by the Special Economic Zone
the 8-year period. The manufacturing Act of 1995 (RA 7916).
industry accounted for about two-thirds
of the overall Regional economy and In the CALABARZON Region, a
contributed an average of 40 percent to range of industrial and manufacturing
the national output in manufacturing activities are commonly found in specific
which is the highest in the country. This contiguous areas comprising of cities
sub-sector grew at an average of 7.1 and municipalities. These areas currently
percent driven by the increase identified as the Region’s industrial
in production by the industrial parks/ centers are the following:

Rizal, Cavite-Laguna, and Carmona-Trece subsector rose from about PHP71,980
Martirez areas, which are contiguous with million in 2009 to PHP103,374
Metro Manila; Greater Batangas million in 2016. The development of
Industrial Center and Upland Industrial the small and medium enterprises,
Center composed of Sto. Tomas, Tanauan, expansion, and modernization of
Canlubang, San Pablo and Lipa City. trade support facilities such as ports
and road networks contributed
Services to the income expansion in the service
sector as a whole.
The services sector’s gross value added
(GVA) continuously increased during Impact of Disasters and Climate Change
the 2009-2016 period, from PHP296,288 to Macroeconomy
million to PHP452,873 million. This
was mainly due to the steady growth CALABARZON’s location and
of the subsectors of transportation, varied landforms and topography
communication and storage, trade, make it susceptible to geological and
finance, ownership of dwelling, private hydrometeorological hazards such as
and government service. The trade rain-induced landslide, flooding,
industry, the main growth driver of tsunami, volcanic hazards, earthquakes
the sector, posted an average growth and earthquake-triggered landslide, and
rate of 4.95 percent during the 8-year storm surges.
period. In absolute terms, the GVA for the
Table 3.24 Gross Value Added in Industry Sector (in ‘000,000), CALABARZON,
2009-2016
MINING & ELECTRICITY, GAS &
YEAR INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION
QUARRYING WATER SERVICES
2009 545,475 1,316 473,447 37,128 33,584

2010 628,756 1,780 547,089 42,083 37,804
2011 629,125 1,838 548,548 40,742 37,997
2012 672,758 1,876 581,084 50,325 39,473
2013 717,989 2,100 620,057 57,295 38,536
2014 764,007 2,287 664,102 57,710 39,906
2015 807,516 2,696 700,331 61,850 42,638
2016 837,489 2,648 725,607 63,409 45,823
Note: GRDP is at constant 2000 prices since 2009.
Source: Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2009 and 2013
Table 3.25 Gross Value Added in Services Sector, CALABARZON, 2009-2016
(in PhP ‘000,000)
YEAR SERVICES TCS1 TRMV MPHG2 FIN INT3 RERBA4 PADCSS5 OTHER
2009 296,288 65,152 71,980 29,616 73,577 11,945 44,018
2010 313,720 64,804 78,038 31,820 78,233 12,813 48,012
2011 329,178 67,037 81,438 33,513 85,363 12,928 48,899
2012 355,519 72,296 87,376 37,229 93,113 13,833 51,672
2013 381,761 75,989 90,596 42,441 103,088 14,613 55,031
2014 396,065 81,015 91,479 45,739 106,414 15,199 56,216
2015 422,646 85,785 97,792 48,481 113,590 15,320 61,674
2016 452,873 91,199 103,374 52,484 121,776 16,465 67,572
1
Transport, Storage, and Communication
2
Trade and Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles, Personal and Household Goods
3
Financial Intermediation
4
Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities
5
Public Administration & Defense; Compulsory Social Security

The Region’s estimated damages and mostly in the provinces of Laguna,
losses incurred due to typhoons and Cavite, and Batangas. Other economic
earthquake amounted to PHP 10.16 zones in the Region are IT centers and
billion within the period 2014-2017. parks, medical tourism park, tourism
economic zones, and agro-industrial
Among the typhoons that hit the Region economic zones.
within the same period, biggest damages
and losses was brought by Typhoon Most locators are of the assembly
Glenda in 2014, which amounted to PHP type-industries utilizing imported
8.88 billion or 74 percent. Provinces that raw materials which are not agriculture
incurred the largest amount of damages based. The bulk of export products are
and losses were Laguna, Quezon, and electronics, semi-conductors, chemicals
Batangas in agriculture sector, particularly and garments. Most of the establishments
production of high-value commercial are manufacturing industries such as
crops and fisheries. In 2017, a series of processed food, garments and footwear
strong earthquakes with magnitude industry, housewares, decors and wood
within 5.5 to 6.0 hit Batangas province. products, and electronics, among others.
The episodes of earthquake swarms Most of these industries are located in
brought extensive damages and losses to the urban areas of the CALABARZON
infrastructures, industry, trade and particularly in Antipolo, Cainta, and
services, and even cultural sites Taytay in Rizal; Bacoor, Imus, Carmona,
amounting to PHP 1.55 billion. Heavily Silang, and Dasmariñas in Cavite; San
hit municipalities were Mabini, incurring Pedro, Binan, Cabuyao, Sta. Cruz, Los
51 percent of total damages and losses, Baños, Calamba, San Pablo, and Sta. Rosa
and Tingloy, incurring 35 percent. in Laguna; Batangas City, Lipa City,
Tanauan City, Sto. Tomas City, Bauan, and
Although the damages and losses San Pascual in Batangas; and Lucena City,
incurred due to disasters were not enough Candelaria, and Sariaya in Quezon.
to negate the growth in the Region’s
economy, impact of the disasters were Merchandise exports from the economic
felt by the sectors at the micro level. zones have been fluctuating with
Typhoon Glenda greatly impacted significant increase during 2013 and
agriculture sector as observed by the huge 2016. The increase in merchandise
amount of losses to crops and fisheries exports was mainly attributed to improved
production. On the other hand, the performance of economic zones located
earthquake swarm in Batangas hardly hit in Laguna. Meanwhile, total approved
industry and services. investments declined by 25.27 percent
from 2015 to 2016 due to hesitation of
Exports and Investments investors to expand investments because
of changes on priority policies, programs
The number of operating economic and projects of the new administration.
zones in the Region increased from 48 in The sales of micro, small, and medium
2015 to 53 in 2016. With the additional enterprises also declined from PHP
operating economic zones, number of 1,063 million to PHP 1,034 million in
industry locators in the Region posted 2016. Among the reasons that attributed
a 5 percent increase from 1,794 to to poor sales performance of MSMEs is
1,884. Among the additional economic the inability of its product packaging to
zones established in 2016 are three capture market interest. Moreover,
manufacturing special economic MSMEs are also behind in terms of
zones (MSEZ) and one IT center financial capabilities and technology,
and IT park. MSEZ comprised the making their produce less competitive
majority (66%) of economic zones than other products.
established in the Region and found

Map 3.34 CALABARZON Economic Zones

Labor and Employment Unemployment rate decreased to 7.2
percent in 2016 from 10 percent in 2006.
Total population of 15 years old and over The decreased unemployment rate in the
in the Region increased from 7.1 million Region during the 10-year period may
in 2006 to 9.3 million in 2016. This indicate that, despite the rapid increase
showed an average annual growth rate of in the Region’s workforce population and
2.9 percent over the 10-year period. in-migration from Metro Manila, the
Region was able to provide jobs in the
For the period 2006 to 2016, average industry sector and the growing services
employment rate stood at 90.9 percent, sector. The underemployment rate in the
lower than the national average at 92.6 Region averaged at 17.2 percent which
percent but better than the National may be due to limited jobs for highly
Capital Region’s average at 87.5 qualified or skilled workers or inadequate
percent. The Region’s highest pay of some jobs.
employment rate was recorded in 2016
at 92.8 percent, with the increased By industry group, the service sector
demand for labor in the industrial absorbed the bulk of workers in the
estates/economic zones. The lowest rate Region. It accounts for an annual average
was recorded in 2009 at 89.6 percent due of more than 59.8 percent of the total
to domestic economic crisis and political Regional employment. The share of the
problems experienced in the country. sector in the Regional employment rose
Population increase due to natural from 58.2 percent in 2009 to 62.7 percent
population growth and in-migration in 2016. Employment in theindustry
and the seasonal nature of some types of sector also increased from 24.1 percent
work in the industry and services sector in 2009 to 27.5 percent in 2016. Though
constrain the Region in achieving a high the industry sector was only second
employment rate. to the highest employer in the Region,
Table 3.26 Number of operating economic zones and industry locators by province,
2015 2016
PROVINCE OPERATING INDUSTRY OPERATING INDUSTRY
ECONOMIC ZONES LOCATORS ECONOMIC ZONES LOCATORS
Batangas 14 273 15 305
Cavite 11 680 14 704
Laguna 19 837 19 870
Quezon 1 1 1 1
Rizal 3 3 4 4
CALABARZON 48 1,794 53 1,884
Source: PEZA
Table 3.27 Merchandise Exports, Total Approved Investments and Domestic Sales in
TOTAL APPROVED
MERCHANDISE EXPORTS DOMESTIC SALES
INVESTMENTS
YEAR
VALUE GROWTH VALUE GROWTH VALUE GROWTH
(US$ M) RATE (PHP M) RATE (PHP M) RATE
2012 21,761.90 -0.83% 120,371.84 6.66% 719.34 8.72%
2013 22,864.78 5.07% 80,900.14 -32.79% 850 18.16%
2014 22,890.39 0.11% 103,849.50 28.37% 978 15.06%
2015 22,990.77 0.44% 106,326.89 2.39% 1,063 8.69%
2016 23,901.67 3.96% 79,460.77 -25.27% 1,034 -2.73%
Source: PEZA and DTI Region IV-A

Table 3.28 Population 15 Years Old and Over and Employment Status,
POPULATION 15 LABOR FORCE
EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT UNDER-
YEAR YEARS AND OVER PARTICIPATION
RATE RATE EMPLOYMENT RATE
(IN ‘000) RATE
2006 7,052 63.5 90.0 10.0 18.1
2007 7,233 63.3 90.8 9.2 15.6
2008 7,415 62.3 90.0 10.0 16.1
2009 7,596 63.2 89.6 10.4 16.5
2010 7,808 63.6 90.5 9.5 17.4
2011 7,988 64.7 90.3 9.7 17.9
2012 8,100 64.4 91.1 8.9 17.9
2013 8,259 64.1 90.5 9.5 17.6
2014 8,438 65.5 91.8 8.3 18.7
2015 8,576 64.5 92.0 8.0 18.2
2016 9,341 64.2 92.8 7.2 15.5
Source: Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2009, Regional Socioeconomic Trends 2014
Figure 3.5 Distribution of Employed Persons by Sector, CALABARZON, 2009-2016

2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Agriculture Industry Services
the Region is the highest contributor enterprises that can increase employment
among all Regions to the country’s in the sector.
employment in industry sector.
Children with ages 5-9 comprises the
On the contrary, the employment share majority of the population in
of the agriculture sector declines during CALABARZON. Nevertheless, the
the same period. Employment in the working population is still greater
agriculture sector decreased from 17.8 than the dependent population. In
percent in 2009 to 9.7 percent in 2016. next five years, about 20 percent of the
The agriculture sector, contributed current population is expected to join the
an average of 14.5 percent to the overall labor force while an increase of about 41
employment. The inability of the sector percent in the labor force is expected in
to absorb new entrant to the labor force the next 15 years. This indicates the need
as well as its low labor productivity, for more efforts in providing quality
especially in the rural areas, aggravates education and creating job opportunities
the poverty situation in the Region, to be able to absorb the expected work
thus, there is a need to accelerate policies, force in the following years.
programs, and projects that would
strengthen and expand agricultural-based

Economic Specialization economic activities were influenced by
those of the National Capital Region due
A Region’s degree of economic to its proximity to it. These economic
specialization is largely determined by activities were dominated by the
its economic activities and employment industry sector and the services sector to
levels. In the past years, CALABARZON’s some extent.
Figure 3.6 CALABARZON Population Pyramid, 2015
Using shift-share analysis1 to highlight social work, hotels and restaurants, and
economic growth due to Regional factors recreational, cultural, and sporting
or local advantage, the Region’s economic activities. This showed that the Region
activities were still greatly dominated has its competitive advantage in these
by the industry sector, particularly, subsectors and thus, a potential
mining and quarrying where 71 percent investment area.
of the subsector output in the Region
can be accounted to Regional activities. In general, the contribution of the
However, the biggest contribution of Regional economic activities to shifts
the Regional activities was observed in the industry and services sectors
in the AFF sector where it accounted (i.e. Regional shift) were negative which
for 74 percent of the Region’s output means that Regional factors do not
(i.e. percentage share of Regional shift). contribute to the growth of these
More than being the top producer of sectors. This shows that CALABARZON
livestock and poultry, the proximity is losing its competitive advantage
of the Region to key market areas in production of these sectors
contributes to the high Regional especially the manufacturing subsector
growth of the sector. Among the which has the biggest contribution
Regions, CALABARZON has the most to the Regional economy. This can also
economic activities in terms of financial mean that manufacturing and other
intermediaries and other services which industry and services production have
comprised of education, health and picked-up in other Regions. The large
1
Shift share is a standard Regional analysis method
base of the manufacturing subsector in
that attempts to determine how much of Regional CALABARZON also constrains it to grow
growth can be attributed to national trends and how as high as or higher than other Regions
much is due to unique Regional factors. Shift share with a lower base.
helps answer why employment is growing or declining
in a Regional industry, cluster, or occupation (Source:
http://www.economicmodeling.com/2011/12/05/ Employment levels showed that the
understanding-shift-share-2/, Accessed on service and industry sectors accounted
June 18, 2018
for the bulk of Regional employment Moreover, the service sub-sectors on
averaging at 60.4 percent and 26 percent, Transport, Storage and Communication
respectively, during the 2011 to 2016 (TSC) and Real Estate, Renting and
period. The Region’s average employment Business Activity (RERBA) show
share to the national employment of the potential for expansion. The growing
industry sector was at 19.8 percent while industry sector factored in the growing
the services sector 13.6 percent. demand for the services. Other
contributing factors that caused the
The manufacturing sector’s employment upsurge in demand for services were the
location quotient (LQ) for the last six continuous development and promotion
years is consistently above 2, showing of the small and medium enterprises
the Region’s high concentration and and the expansion and modernization
specialization in manufacturing. This of trade support facilities such as ports
is expected since the Region is host to (Dalahican Port in Quezon and Batangas
many export-oriented economic zones. Port in Batangas), and improvement of
CALABARZON also has the highest LQ road network.
on manufacturing among the Regions.
Table 3.29 Shift Share Analysis of GRDP, CALABARZON, 2011 and 2016
(in billion PHP)
NATIONAL % SHARE OF
SECTOR SHIFT-SHARE INDUSTRY MIX RegionAL SHIFT
SHARE RegionAL SHIFT
AFF 10.23 24.15 -21.48 7.56 73.9

MAQ 1.00 0.62 -0.32 0.71 70.7
Manufacturing 173.41 207.22 26.28 -60.09 -34.6
Construction 19.15 16.61 17.40 -14.87 -77.7
EGWS 7.80 14.27 -1.88 -4.59 -58.8
TSC 24.16 25.16 0.33 -1.32 -5.5
TRD 21.94 30.56 1.18 -9.80 -44.7
Financial 18.97 12.58 3.89 2.50 13.2
Intermediation
RERBA 35.53 32.36 7.14 -3.97 -11.2
PAD 3.75 4.77 -1.89 0.86 23.0
Other Services 18.85 18.28 -0.52 1.08 5.7
National Share: Regional growth due to growth of the national economy
Industry Mix: Regional growth due to performance of the sector/subsector
Regional shift: Regional growth due to Regional factors (minus the national share and industry mix)
% share of Regional shift to the total Regional growth
Source of data: PSA; computed by NEDA Region IV-A
Table 3.30 Regional Shift, 2011 and 2016 (in billion PHP)
SECTOR/Region NCR 1 2 CAR 3 4A 4B 5
AFF -6.19 3.19 3.10 -1.73 17.93 7.56 -4.07 1.35
MAQ 0.00 1.14 1.62 -2.45 0.17 0.71 -5.14 -0.67
Manufacturing 41.88 -0.47 -0.14 -18.08 18.49 -60.09 1.48 0.01
Construction -41.44 5.45 0.55 -5.58 -8.98 -14.87 -1.27 2.40
EGWS 0.95 -1.93 0.47 0.02 5.60 -4.59 0.21 2.25
TSC -3.13 -0.99 0.60 -0.19 -4.65 -1.32 0.52 0.28
TRD 4.04 0.89 0.32 0.21 -5.51 -9.80 -0.24 1.41
Financial Intermediation -11.21 0.09 0.48 0.36 1.40 2.50 0.40 1.01
RERBA 13.84 -0.80 -0.06 0.71 -3.85 -3.97 -0.64 -1.92
PAD -1.87 5.05 -0.15 -5.03 0.31 0.86 0.50 0.47
Other Services -1.03 -0.91 -1.33 -0.32 -3.27 1.08 0.70 0.51
Source of data: PSA; computed by NEDA Region IV-A

These make CALABARZON function of more hotels, restaurants, hospitals,
as domestic and international cargo educational, and banking institutions also
transshipment and trading hub of attributed to the increased demand for
the country. Likewise, the Region has economic activities in the service sector.
become a destination of multinational
firms outsourcing information and Tourism
technology-related ventures as evidenced
by 13 IT centers and parks in the Region. The Region is home to diverse, natural,
Housing projects in the areas of Cavite, historical, cultural, and human-made
Rizal, and Laguna and the establishment attractions as well as general and special
Figure 3.7 Manufacturing Employment Location Quotient by Region, 2011-2016
2.50
2.00
Location Quotient (LQ)
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Year
NCR CAR I II III IV-A MIMAROPA V
Table 3.31 Employment Location Quotient, CALABARZON, 2011-2016

SECTOR 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Agriculture and Forestry 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.45 0.42 0.37
Fishing 0.74 0.66 0.57 0.61 0.59 0.32
Mining and Quarrying 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.17 1.17 0.21
Manufacturing 2.04 2.06 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.03
Electricity, Gas and Water Supply 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.67 1.67 1.00
Construction 1.30 1.27 1.26 1.18 1.13 1.24
Trade and Repair of Motor Vehicles, 1.08 1.04 1.04 1.01 1.01 1.05
Motorcycles, Personal and
Household Goods
Hotels and Restaurant 1.30 1.38 1.40 1.39 1.34 1.35
Transportation, Storage and 1.24 1.16 1.14 1.16 1.17 1.19
Communication
Financial Intermediation 1.33 1.25 1.17 1.31 1.23 0.84
Real Estate, Renting and 1.41 1.80 1.80 2.25 1.80 1.69
Business Activities
Public Administration and Defense; 0.90 0.88 0.92 0.92 0.89 0.81
Compulsory Social Security
Education 1.00 0.97 0.94 1.00 1.00 0.99
Health and social work 1.17 1.25 1.25 1.17 1.23 1.20
Other Services 1.32 1.09 1.12 1.14 1.08 1.13
LQ = 1: Equal concentration between the Region and national
LQ > 1: Region has higher concentration than national
LQ < 1: Regional has lower concentration than national
LQ = 0: Mutually exclusive situation (sector/industry does not exist in the Region)

interest products attractive to domestic and Pila and the Turumba Festival in
and international tourist markets. Each Pakil. Like Cavite, agri-tourism is also
province has its own diverse attributes becoming popular in Laguna with the
that are attractive to the tourist market. emergence of farm-to-table and organic
farms and accommodations.
In Cavite, Tagaytay City continues to be
a magnet for tourism in the Region with Taal Volcano and Protected Landscape
its cool climate and proximity to Metro (TVPL) is an icon of the Batangas
Manila. Tourism development continues Province, which is usually clustered
to flow with property development taking with the neighboring Tagaytay City. The
place in the area. These include Skyranch, municipalities of Talisay and San
Ayala Malls, Robinsons’s Supermart Nicolas are the main jump-off points
and an array of high rise buildings to this centerpiece attraction of the
and condominium. These facilities Province of Batangas. The Bird Sanctuary
complement the needs of the local and in San Nicolas is one of the attractions
foreign tourists, which would lead to around Taal Lake and Volcano Island,
an enjoyable and longer stay. Various aside from mountain trekking and
types of restaurants and nightspots also horseback riding in the area. Lobo,
abound in Tagaytay City. Other tourist Batangas is also identified as an
products offered in the Tagaytay include ecotourism site in Batangas. This
Puzzle Mansion, Nurture Wellness complements the nearby town of San
Village, and MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Juan which presents various water
Conference and Exhibition) areas. activities. Nasugbu, Mabini, and
Calatagan towns are also endowed with
Cavite also boasts of leisure estates scuba diving sites and swimming areas.
and golf courses. For its historical National shrines and landmarks also
assets, Corregidor Island and Aguinaldo abound in the province of Batangas.
Shrine remain popular landmarks
among war veterans, students, and local Rizal Province is known for
tourists. Agri-tourism is fast becoming an its home-grown artists, historical
endeavor in the province. landmarks, and ecotourism sites.
New tourist products offered in the
Laguna Province is endowed with province are the Pililla Windfarm in
numerous hot springs, waterfalls, and the municipality of Pililla, the Masungi
forest areas mostly found in Calamba Karst, a newly identified ecotourism
City, Los Baños, and Pagsanjan, Majayjay, site in CALABARZON, and Regina
Nagcarlan and Pangil. Several tourist Rica Contemplation Area, a pilgrimage
sites such as Pagsanjan Falls and site, both in Tanay. Cultural attractions
Enchanted Kingdom have been in the include the Higantes Festival and the
Region’s tourist map in the past 20 art galleries spread out in Angono and
years. Moreover, Mt. Makiling Forest Binangonan. Antipolo City is known
Reserve located in the province is for its Hinulugang Taktak Falls which
identified as a key ecotourism site in also homes the Shrine of Our Lady
CALABARZON. Another ecotourism of Antipolo that attracts pilgrims and
site in the province is the Tayak Hill visitors. Daranak and Batlag Falls are
located in the municipality of Rizal. also frequented in Tanay especially in
Historical landmark assets such as summertime. Restaurants and other
the Rizal Shrine in Calamba City also entertainment areas are increasing in
abound the province. Laguna is also Antipolo City, Tanay, Pililla, and Baras.
immersed with cultural attractions
such as embroidery, wood carving, Quezon Province is also endowed
footwear-making, and paper mache with natural, cultural, and
found in Lumban, Liliw, Pangil, Paete, human-made attractions. It is known

Map 3.35 CALABARZON Tourism Development Areas

for its Pahiyas Festival, a traditional of new destinations and continuous
thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest improvement of accessibility through
celebrated in several towns. More improved road network, and provision of
recently, the province celebrates the better facilities and services in the Region.
week-long ‘Niyogyugan Festival,’ On the other hand, arrival of foreign
a feast of thanksgiving for the tourists declined slightly from 2015
bountiful harvest of coconuts which is to 2016.
Quezon’s main agricultural product.
Mt. Banahaw in the municipality of Same day tourists account for the
Dolores is also a destination among majority of tourists in the Region. For
the pilgrims and local tourists. Lately, both the same day and overnight
Kamay ni Hesus in Lucban town, tourists, local travelers comprise
another pilgrim site, gained prominence the bulk of the recorded tourists
as the biggest tourist drawer on in CALABARZON. This indicates
same-day visitor in CALABARZON in the need to develop more quality
2014. Beach areas and accommodation establishments for accommodation
establishments are found in Sariaya, and amenities for leisure and
Lucena City, Real, Lucban, while adventures to encourage longer stay in
homestays are popular in Alabat. The the tourist destinations.
REINA area (Real, Infanta and Gen.
Nakar) and POGI (Polillo Group Despite the increase in rooms from
of Islands) in the Pacific side is an the DOT-accredited accommodation
emerging tourist destination for establishments, same day arrivals were
ecotourism and adventure tourism. significantly higher than the overnight
The said clusters of municipalities have tourists in the Region which can be
bonded to develop their Area Plan for partly attributed to the Region’s proximity
Tourism, with assistance from DOT and to Metro Manila and other neighboring
NEDA Regional Offices. Regions and also to the limited or weak
promotion or marketing of multi-day
Arrivals tour packages and activities targeted for
various tourist groups. Meanwhile,
Same day and overnight tourist accredited tourism establishments in
arrivals increased by 20.49 percent and the Region increased by 18.9 percent
17.98 percent, respectively, in 2016. providing for 5.08 percent increase in
The increase was mainly brought by employment generated in the sector.
stronger and wider social media exposure
Figure 3.8 Same-day Tourist Arrivals, CALABARZON, 2011-2016

30,000,000.00
25,000,000.00
20,000,000.00
15,000,000.00 Foreign
Domestic
10,000,000.00
5,000,000.00
0.00
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Figure 3.9 Overnight Tourist Arrivals, CALABARZON, 2011-2016
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000 Domestic
Foreign
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 3.10 Employees, Rooms, and Accredited Establishments, CALABARZON

2011-2016
10,000.00
Employees in DOT-
accredited
8,000.00 establishments
6,000.00 Rooms from DOT-

accredited
4,000.00 accommodation
establishments
2,000.00 Accredited tourism
enterprises
0.00
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Transportation and Communication

CALABARZON is accessible through The rapid urbanization can be attributed
land and sea transportation system. to the development of industrial parks,
Roads, bridges and ports are important economic zones, commercial centers
links for trade, tourism, service activities and housing projects due to its proximity
and transport of commodities within and to the NCR. This resulted in increased
outside the Region. demand for transport and development
of transport infrastructure facilities
Roads and network based on inter-modal
transport system.
CALABARZON hosts the most
number of manufacturing companies The road distance and approximate travel
predominantly located in the province time by public transport between Manila
of Laguna, semi-conductors and and the Regional centers (i.e. Dasmarinas
electronic companies in the provinces City, Calamba City, Batangas City,
of Cavite and Batangas, and garments Antipolo City and Lucena City) are
manufacturers in the province of Rizal. provided in Table 3.32.

The Region is dominated by road-based For highly urbanized areas mostly
transport system, particularly major found in Cavite, Rizal and Laguna, the
national roads connecting primary and road density (to population) needs to
secondary urban centers. These roads be increased to cater to the movement
link the CALABARZON provinces to of more people and goods. While for
other Regions in the North and South. rural areas, the road density needs to
be improved against the total arable
The total length of national roads has land area1.
increased from 2,517.30 kilometers (km)
in 2016 to 2,542.32 km in 2017, or an In 2016, around 97 percent of the
increase of 25.02 km which was national roads in the Region were already
brought about by the conversion of paved, an increase of 3 percentage points
local roads into national roads from the previous year (Figure 3.11).
(e.g. completed Quezon Eco-Tourism The remaining three percent of unpaved
Road). Approximately 154 km of national roads are located in Quezon Province
roads were constructed and rehabilitated. with a length of 87.66 km.
In terms of road density (to total land Figure 3.12 shows the quality of the
area), CALABARZON has the second national roads in CALABARZON. There
highest at 15.34 km per sq km, a far was a slight improvement as national
second to NCR with 187.50 km per roads in good condition increased from
sq km in 2016. Cavite has the highest 42.75 percent (1,072.05 km) to 50.03
road density at 0.29 km per sq km of percent (1,259.69 km) of the total road
land area, followed by Quezon (0.27 length. However, 11.78 percent of
km per sq km) and Rizal (0.20 km per national roads are still in bad condition,
sq km). Batangas and Laguna have the thereby requiring rehabilitation.
lowest road density at 0.18 km per
sq km of land area each. For road Road widening projects along
density (to population), CALABARZON primary roads, construction of bypasses,
has 0.17 km per 1000 population. diversion roads and underpass are
Among the provinces, Quezon has the being implemented to alleviate traffic
highest density with 0.44 km per 1000 congestion. In 2017, a total of 14.73
population mostly because it has the km of tourism roads and 30.24 km of
lowest population among the provinces. farm-to-market roads were completed
On the other hand, Rizal has the lowest under the DOT-DPWH Convergence
density with 0.08 km. per population due Program and the DA-DPWH partnership,
to its relatively high population, followed respectively. In addition, the DTI-DPWH
by Cavite and Laguna which also have Roads Leveraging Linkages of Industry
high population and relatively shorter and Trade (ROLL-IT) approved eight
road network. 1
To guide local planning, the urban road
requirement/standard is 2.4 km per 1000 population
while the rural road requirement/standard is 1.5 km
per 100 hectare (CLUP Guidebook Volume 2, 2014)
Table 3.32 Road Distance and Travel Time between Manila and Regional Centers by
Public Transport
RegionAL CENTERS ROAD DISTANCE (KM) TRAVEL TIME (HR/MIN)
Dasmarinas City, Cavite 49.8 1 hour and 24 minutes
Calamba City, Laguna 53.1 1 hour and 15 minutes
Batangas City, Batangas 107.0 2 hours and 4 minutes
Antipolo City, Rizal 18.9 1 hour and 2 minutes
Lucena City, Quezon 161 3 hours and 41 minutes
Source: Google maps

Map 3.36 CALABARZON National Roads, 2016

projects, while the DILG in partnership intersection and construction of
with LGUs implemented 27 projects missing gaps to connect the provinces
under the KALSADA Program. of Cavite and Batangas via General
Aguinaldo-Magallanes-Nasugbu. Lopez
The construction of the underpass Bypass Road and Gumaca Bypass
along the Manila South Road Road are also on-going. However,
underpass at Lucena-Tayabas obstructions such as electrical posts,
Table 3.33 Road Density, CALABARZON, 2016

ROAD DENSITY INDICES
Region/PROVINCE
KM. OF ROADS/SQ. KM (AREA) KM. OF ROADS/000 POPULATION
Batangas 0.18 0.21
Cavite 0.29 0.12
Laguna 0.18 0.12
Quezon 0.27 0.44
Rizal 0.20 0.08
CALABARZON 0.15 0.17
Source: DPWH
Figure 3.11 Paved National Roads, CALABARZON, 2015-2016

2015 2016
120
94 97
100
80
60
40
20
6 3
0
Paved Unpaved
Figure 3.12 National Road Condition, CALABARZON, 2015-2016
Source: 2016 CALABARZON Regional Development Report and DPWH

telecommunication utilities and trees To accelerate infrastructure development
have prevented motorists from using the and improve inter-Regional connectivity,
newly widened roads and caused delay in the following 15 inter-Regional
the completion of road widening works. connectivity projects are proposed:
1) General Nakar to Umiray
The on-going and proposed bypass and Road to Dingalan, Aurora
diversion roads that will traverse the Road; 2) Atimonan-Mauban Road;
Region are shown in Figure 3.14. 3) Bay-Antipolo Highway; 4) Teresa
Road to Marikina-Infanta Highway
to Manila-East Road; 5) Mass
Figure 3.13 CALABARZON National Road Network
Figure 3.14 Proposed and On-going Bypass and Diversion Road Projects,
CALABARZON, 2018

Transit System (Taytay-Binangonan); projects for the roads in red color should
6) Real-Polillo Island-Larap, Jose be proposed and for the long-term, plan
Panganiban, Camarines Norte RORO for measures on roads in light brown
System; 7) Cavite-C5 San Jose Del color should be laid out.
Monte Expressway; 8) Batangas to
Calapan Bridge; 9) Batangas to Tingloy This supports the Annual Average Daily
Island to Puerto Galera Floating Traffic (AADT) data in 2015 which shows
Bridge; 10) Naic to Corregidor Island to that the annual AADT (Figure 3.16).
Mariveles Bridge; 11) Sangley Domestic
Airport; 12) Quezon-Bicol Expressway; A high AADT coupled with a high
13) San Andres to Masbate to volume capacity ratio means severe
Bogo, Cebu RORO system; traffic congestion at a particular section
14) Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road; of a highway. As shown in 2015 AADT
and 15) Calamba to NCR and to points map, the highest volume can be seen
in Rizal Ferry. along the major thoroughfares adjacent
or closely connected to the NCR and in
Road Volume Capacity Regional centers.
In 2016, there were 1,187,957 Recognizing that transportation

registered vehicles. This is roughly plays a vital role in development,
6 percent higher compared to 2015. the RDC approved the
Around 86 percent of these registered CALABARZON Traffic Management
vehicles are privately owned. Plan 2017-2022 in December 2017 to
provide a framework for agencies and
The road volume capacity ratio (VCR) local governments which aims to improve
refers to the ratio of vehicles passing a the level of service of road network and
point in one hour with the maximum ensure a smooth flow of traffic in the
number of cars that can pass a certain Region. The Traffic Management
point at a reasonable traffic condition Plan identified several strategies and
and is used to assess traffic condition. The corresponding programs and projects
dark red lines indicate roads with VCR which include expanding road capacity,
greater than 1.0 or those operating already constructing alternate routes, enhancing
beyond and above capacity. On the traffic control strategies, strengthening
other hand, the green lines show roads capabilities of local governments in traffic
with VCR lower or equal to 0.25 or those management and project development,
that are still operating at its capacity. and establishing a unified system in the
The VCR in the Region is illustrated in enforcement of traffic laws, among others.
Figure 3.15.
Bridges
Looking at the map, transport
planners or DPWH should provide In 2016, the Region has a total of
strategic immediate actions on roads in 641 bridges with a total of 18,369
dark brown color. In the medium-term, lineal meters along the national road,
Table 3.34 Length of Existing National Bridges by Province, CALABARZON, 2016
AREA NO. OF BRIDGES OVER-ALL LENGTH (L.M)
Batangas 151 4,722
Cavite 104 3,500
Laguna 107 2,418
Quezon 236 6,514
Rizal 43 1,215
CALABARZON 641 18,369
Source: Google maps

Figure 3.15 Volume Capacity Ratio, CALABARZON
Figure 3.16 Annual Average Daily Traffic, CALABARZON, 2015
37 percent (236) of which are located in This can create income for
Quezon Province with an overall length of farmers and ultimately upgrade the
6,514 lineal meters. socio-economic and environmental
conditions in the area. It will also
CALABARZON is directly linked to improve the mobility of agricultural
Central Luzon through the Umiray products and commercial goods.
Bridge which measures 358 meters and However, the connecting roads from both
connects the municipalities of General CALABARZON and Region III need to
Nakar in Quezon Province and be completed and improved.
Dingalan in Aurora Province.

Sea Ports system including solar-powered lighting
systems, repair of public comfort rooms
Sea ports link the Region’s island and port police headquarters.
municipalities and other Regions to
CALABARZON. Water transport In 2017, the non-containerized
facilitates exchange of goods and services cargo increased by 9.17 percent while
and enables tourism and other economic the containerized cargo throughput
activities among different Regions. increased by 25.56 percent from the
previous year. Being a bigger port,
The two major ports are the Batangas Port Batangas Port had a higher share at
in Batangas City and the Lucena Port. 89 percent. Among the major cargoes
The Batangas Port serves as a vital point handled at Batangas Port include
for shipments and passengers from the high density rocks, steel and
nearby islands of Mindoro and lumber. On the other hand, copra,
Romblon in MIMAROPA Region and coconut oil, palay and coal, are among
Caticlan in Western Visayas the cargoes being handled at Lucena Port.
Region. At present, it operates as
a domestic passenger sea travel On a similar note, the number of
port and an international container passengers using Batangas and
terminal port. On the other hand, the Quezon Ports increased by 11.01 percent
Lucena Port ships passengers and cargoes compared to last year due to deployment
to the provinces of Marinduque and of fast, modern and new RoRo and
Romblon in MIMAROPA Region and fastcraft vessels and the favourable
Masbate Province in Bicol Region. response of the public to the promotion
of ecotourism programs encouraging
Rehabilitation and repair projects in inter-island RoRo travel. Additional
three different ports in Batangas (Bauan, routes of RoRo vessels and availability
Nasugbu and Batangas) were completed of good berthing facilities may be the
to enhance port operations and services. reasons for the increase in the number of
These include repair of port lighting vehicles which landed in Batangas Port.
Table 3.35 Port throughput (Passenger, Shipcalls and Cargo), CALABARZON,
2016-2017
2016 2017 PERCENTAGE CHANGE
Cargo throughput in metric tons 25,896,467 28,272,003 9.17
Passenger Traffic 7,831,396 8,693,410 11.01
Containers (TEUs) 157,319 197,534 25.56
Shipcalls 47,189 54,574 15.65
Source: Philippine Ports Authority Project Management Office (PPA-PMO) Batangas and
Marinduque-Quezon
Aside from the two major ports, the 9) Jomalig; 10) Mabini; 11) Mauban;
Region has 26 ports which support 12) Mulanay; 13) Padre Burgos;
economic activities in the island 14) Panukalan; 15) Patnanungan;
municipalities of Quezon and Batangas 16) Perez; 17) Polilio; 18) Real; 19) San
Provinces. Five of these ports (i.e. Ports Andres; 20) Tingloy; and 21) Unisan.
of Bauan, Lobo, San Juan, Calatagan
and Nasugbu) are located in Batangas The port of Real ferries passengers to the
Province under the PPA. On the Polillo group of Islands, in particular,
other hand, 21 ports are under the Jomalig, while Atimonan port services
administration of LGUs. These are the Alabat Island municipalities of the
ports of: 1) Atimonan; 2) Alabat; 3) province. The port of San Andres serves
Burdeos; 4) Calauag; 5) Cotta; 6) as entry point of passengers and cargoes
Cotta; 7) General Luna; 8) Gumaca; from Masbate in Bicol Region.

Map 3.37 CALABARZON Ports

Airports cater to commercial flights. The private
airstrips cater to chartered flights
The airports in CALABARZON are particularly to transport passengers
of the general aviation type. General to tourism destinations. The military
aviation is typically described as all bases are located in Cavite City and
aviation other than scheduled Lipa City. The Balesin and Calatagan
commercial flights and military airports are mostly utilized by
aviation such as unscheduled commercial tourists who visit popular leisure resorts
operations, corporate flight operations in Polillo Island, Quezon and Nasugbu,
and private aviation. Batangas as well as golf courses,
particularly in Calatagan, Batangas.
There are eight operational airports in
the Region (Table 3.36). These are Given the congestion of the NAIA
classified into two Civil Aviation and the limited area for expansion to
Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) accommodate long-term passenger
operated airports, four private demand, other operational airports
airstrips, and two military bases. servicing Metro Manila have been
Four of these airports are located in explored for possible development
Quezon Province, three are in Batangas including the existing Danilo Atienza
Province and one in Cavite Province. Airbase, formerly U.S. Naval Station
The Jomalig and Alabat Airports which Sangley Point in Cavite City.
are being operated by CAAP do not
Table 3.36 Inventory of Airports, CALABARZON, 2018
AIRPORT NAME LOCATION CLASSIFICATION
1. Alabat Airport Perez, Alabat, Quezon CAAP Operated Airport
2. Jomalig Airport Jomalig, Polillo Island, Quezon CAAP Operated Airport
3. Pagbilao Grande Island Aerodrome Pagbilao, Quezon Private Airstrip
4. Balesin Airstrip Polilio, Quezon Private Airstrip
5. Hacienda Bigaa Airstrip Calatagan, Batangas Private Airstrip
6. Barradas Airfield Tanauan City, Batangas Private Airstrip
7. Fernando Airbase Lipa City, Batangas Military Base
8. Danilo Atienza Airbase formerly Cavite City, Cavite Military Base
U.S. Naval Station Sangley Point
Source: CAAP
Major improvements are being resumed operation in 2010 after a long
undertaken in Sangley Point Airport suspension. However, the operation was
which include the construction of fire again stopped in 2012 due to a damaged
station buildings and administration bridge in Sariaya, Quezon in 2012. As of
building, and asphalt overlay of airport October 2016, railroad commuter lines
runway. The Sangley Point Airport operate in sections from: 1) Tutuban in
was also proposed to be developed Manila to Mamatid in Cabuyao, Laguna;
into a domestic airport and into an 2) Naga to Sipocot in Camarines Sur; and
international logistics hub. The logistics 3) Naga to Legaspi in Albay.
hub is envisioned to become a modern
container port and airport complex. In 2015, the Philippine government
proposed the North-South Railway
Railways Project (NSRP) to revive a key portion of
the national railway network which aims
The PNR used to operate a commuter to provide rapid transport within major
line from Tutuban to Calamba City and cities, including long distance travel
long-haul to Quezon up to Bicol Region. in Luzon. The NSRP, which comprises
The long-haul from Manila to Bicol the North Line and South Line, is a

Map 3.38 Airports in CALABARZON

two-section railway system that will Communication and Technology (ICT)
cover the existing north main line from infrastructure are being put in place.
Metro Manila to San Fernando, La Union
and south main line from Metro Manila The number of installed landlines has
to Legaspi, Albay up to Matnog, Sorsogon been decreasing from 2012 to 2016 as
and spur line to Batangas City. a result of the shift to wireless phone
subscription or mobile phones. There
The NSRP was unbundled into is higher demand for wireless landlines
two projects: a) Project 1 (PNR or mobile phones because of
South Commuter Line) – commuter affordability, flexibility and accessibility.
line operating between Tutuban and The Philippines has also become one
Calamba City using Build-Gradual- of the fastest-growing internet user
Tr a n s f e r - O p e r a t e - a n d - M a i n t a i n population in the world with 530
(BGTOM) contractual arrangement percent growth from 2010 to 2014.
which covers approximately 54 This encouraged network service
kilometers; and b) Project 2 (PNR Long providers to construct additional
Haul Line)– long haul line operating cellular sites.
between Calamba City to Sorsogon,
with branch from Calamba City to Generally, the number of cellular sites
Batangas City using Build Transfer with network has been increasing over
contractual arrangement which covers the years. However, there was a slight
580 kilometers. decrease in 2016 brought about by stiff
competition among networks which
The PNR South Commuter Line from resulted in mergers and acquisition.
Tutuban, Manila to Los Baños, Laguna Similarly, the number of cellular sites
is targeted for completion by 2022 while with broadband or internet connection
the PNR Long-Haul line (Calamba City, has been rising rapidly due to increasing
Laguna and Bicol) is targeted to be demand and entry of new players in the
completed by 2024. market for the past six years.
Communications In 2016, National Telecommunications

Commission (NTC) Region IV conducted
Being an industrial Region and home to a validation on Cellular Mobile
a growing services sector and enterprises, Telephone Service (CTMS) and
a reliable and efficient communication Broadband coverage in the Region.
system is crucial. As such, several NTC Region IV reported that a number
policies, programs, and projects to of barangays are still not covered
increase the availability of broadband by CMTS or broadband service.
connections and provide faster Eighty-eight percent of the 4,018
communications for business processes, barangays have CMTS coverage, while
disaster risk information dissemination 74 percent have broadband coverage.
and other economic activities, geared NTC Region IV recorded a minimum
towards strengthening of Information, broadband speed of 0.01 MHz in
the Region.
Table 3.37 CALABARZON ICT Infrastructure, 2012-2016
INFRASTRUCTURE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
No. of installed landlines 744,257 746,177 582,789 no data no data
No. of subscribed landlines 97,168 92,616 55,050 no data no data
No. of cellular sites with network 2,089 2,518 2,782 2,343 2,026
No. of cellular sites with 214 1,201 1,159 1,433 1,704
broadband or Internet Connection
Source: CALABARZON Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Table 3.38 Summary of the Validation of the CMTS and Broadband Access, 2016
MUNICIPALITY BARANGAY 2016
WITH WITH
PROVINCE WITH CMTS WITH CMTS
BROADBAND BROADBAND BROADBAND
COVERAGE COVERAGE
COVERAGE COVERAGE SPEED
(%) (%)
(%) (%)
Batangas 100 100 98 83 0.01 MHz
Cavite 100 100 99 85 0.01 MHz
Laguna 100 97 95 85 0.01 MHz
Quezon 95 93 68 50 0.01 MHz
Rizal 100 100 100 99 0.01 MHz
CALABARZON 99 97 88 74
Source: NTC Region IV
In 2017, the number of powered-up sites environment; and 4) promotion. The first
with free WiFi internet access significantly pillar, human resource, seeks to provide
increased by 260.71 percent from the necessary manpower required by the
previous year. This can be attributed to industries. On the other hand, the second
the enactment of Republic Act 10929 pillar, infrastructure, aims for adequate
entitled “An Act Establishing the Free provision of roads, telecommunication,
Internet Access Program in Public power, buildings, and other backbone
Places in the Country”. Provision of services. Enabling environment aspires
funds through the Act had also to improve governance, access to finance
contributed to the significant increase. and peace and security, while the
On the other hand, the number of promotion pillar aims to advertise or
Point of Presence (PoP) established was market the region to possible local
the same for 2016 and 2017. PoPs are and foreign investors.
essential network elements where
equipment that route, store or transmit In 2016, the provincial government of
internet data are housed (Table 3.39). Cavite rolled out the Wireless Access
Program on Governance in selected
Recognizing that ICT plays an areas which provided free internet
important role in development, the access to its constituents. The program
RDC through the Regional intends to improve the delivery of
Information and Communications public services through giving the
Technology Committee approved the public easy access to relevant information
CALABARZON ICT Plan on March 14, such as official announcements, road
2018 to sustain ICT initiatives and harness safety and disaster preparedness tips,
the potential of the region as the center educational services, market and gas
of ICT development. Generally, the plan prices, and emergency hotline numbers,
adopts four pillars as the primary drivers among others.
of ICT development, namely: 1) human
resource; 2) infrastructure; 3) enabling
Table 3.39 Number of Powered-Up Sites with Free WiFi Internet Access and PoP
Established, CALABARZON 2016-2017
PERCENTAGE
INDICATOR 2016 2017
CHANGE
Number of powered-up sites with free WiFi 28 101 260.71
internet access
Number of Point of Presence Established 1 1 0
Source: DICT Luzon Cluster 2

Utilities and Infrastructure Services
Water Resources located in the province as well as the
numerous tourist facilities.
Water Supply and Sanitation
The existing water infrastructure system
The provision of dependable and safe in the Region can be categorized into:
water supply is essential for agricultural, 1) Level I – a system that is commonly
domestic, commercial and industrial suitable for rural areas where houses are
activities. As such, there is a need thinly dispersed catering to an average
to manage the Region’s water of 15 households within a 250-meter
resources efficiently. distance (e.g. well or spring with an
outlet but no distribution system);
In 2016, the water supply in 2) Level 2 – a system that is mostly
CALABARZON came from three appropriate for rural and urban outlying
different types of sources: 1) five from areas where houses are clustered
surface water; 2) 65 from springs; and tightly catering to an average of 4 to 6
3) 1,048 from wells (Table 3.40). In households within a 25-meter
addition, there were 733,367 service distance (i.e. communal/public
connections to these water sources. faucets and piped distribution
network); and Level 3 – a system
Cavite has the most number of service with piped distribution networks and
connections with a total of 239,122 individual household connections.
and the highest average production per
month at 5,755,495 cubic meter (m3) As of 2015, 61 percent (8,764,183) of
per month. Meanwhile, the province the population were provided with
of Batangas has the highest average Level III water supply services, around 29
consumption per month at 22.64 m3/ percent with Level I (26 percent was safe
month due to the number of industries and 3 percent was unsafe) and 10 percent
with Level II.
Table 3.40 Status of Water Supply, 2016

AVE. AVE.
SERVICE
PROVINCE SURFACE WELLS SPRINGS PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION
CONN. M3/MONTH
M3/MONTH
Batangas - 487 2 5,596,943 181,212 22.64
Cavite - 326 8 5,755,495 239,132 18.47

Laguna - 135 6 5,392,992 191,245 20.9
Quezon 5 67 49 2,304,798 83,273 20.78
Rizal - 33 1,206,916 38,505 21.43
CALABARZON 5 1,048 65 20,257,144 733,367 104.22
Source: Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) Water Data Bank, 2016
Table 3.41 Water Supply Situation, CALABARZON, 2015

LEVEL % OF POPULATION PROVIDED POPULATION COVERED
Level I 29 4,168,753
Level II 10 1,476,073
Level III 61 8,764,183
Total 100 14,414,774
Rizal - 33
CALABARZON 5 1,048
Source: LWUA and PSA

There were 455 waterless municipalities The Region had a total of 61 operational
in the Philippines, 23 of which can be water districts as of 2015. Despite
found in CALABARZON, particularly having the most number of operational
in poor communities in Quezon water districts, Quezon had the least
Province as of 2011 (MDG Achievement percentage of population served at only
Fund in the Philippines). As defined by 44.72 percent out of the 1,254,329 covered
the National Anti-Poverty Commission by the water districts. Meanwhile, the
(NAPC), these are areas with more water districts in Cavite Province were
than 50 percent of the population of able to serve roughly 80 percent of the
poor households having no access to covered population.
safe water and characterized by
high incidence of waterborne The number of households with
and sanitation-related diseases. The access to safe water increased from 60
government, through the Department of percent in 2015 to 97 percent in 2016.
the Interior and Local Government, the Similarly, households with sanitary
NAPC, and the Department of Health, toilets increased from 2015 to 2016 by
has been continuously implementing the 11 percentage points. However, there are
provision of potable water supply under still households without sanitary toilets
the Sagana at Ligtas na Tubig sa Lahat who practice open defecation recorded
program to provide water especially to at 11 percent in 2016. This may result in
poor and waterless communities. major health and environmental
problems, if not addressed.
Table 3.42 Number of Water Districts and Population Served, CALABARZON, 2015
NUMBER OF WD POPULATION SERVED
PROVINCE NO. OF LGUS POPULATION OPERATIONAL POPULATION
WD COVERED TOTAL %
Cavite 23 3678301 12 1807603 1453350 80.40
Laguna 30 3035081 11 1813923 1031726 56.88

Batangas 34 2694335 17 1753904 923836 52.67
Rizal 14 2884227 4 298515 145744 48.82
Quezon 41 2122830 17 1254329 560939 44.72
CALABARZON 142 14414774 61 6928274 4115595 56.70
Table 3.43 Water Sanitation, 2016
NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS WITHOUT SANITARY
NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH
NO. OF TOILETS (UNSANITARY,
PROVINCE SANITARY TOILETS
OPEN DEFECATION)
HOUSEHOLDS
NO. % NO. %
Cavite 764,069 723,191 94.65 40,878 5.35
Laguna 624,540 574,577 92.00 49,963 8.00

Batangas 551,242 464,311 84.23 86,931 15.77
Rizal 597,012 544,953 91.28 52,059 8.72
Quezon 431,152 367,687 85.28 63,466 14.72
CALABARZON 2,968,015 2,656,018 89.49 311,998 10.51
Irrigation Admininstraiton (NIA) to construct

irrigation facilities in new areas, as well as
The total irrigated area in the Region was restoration and rehabilitation of old ones.
609 square kilometers as of 2016. This Development is focused in the province
increased by 6.32 percent from the of Quezon, particularly in the third and
previous year and can be attributed to the fourth districts which have high potential
intensive drive of the National Irrigration for agriculture.

The status of irrigation development Macalelon Irrigation Projects are among
in the Region is shown in Table 3.44. the major on-going projects in the
Quezon has the highest estimated provinces of Quezon and Batangas.
irrigable area and service area at 259
square kilometers and 195 square Meanwhile, the cumulative cropping
kilometers, respectively. On the other intensity increased from 147 percent in
hand, Rizal Province has the least 2016 to 151 percent in 2017. This can
estimated irrigable area and service area be attributed to the rehabilitation of 83
at 85 square kilometers and 56 square irrigation systems and construction
kilometers, respectively. Laguna Province of 18 new small irrigation systems in
has the largest remaining area for the Region.
development at 78 square kilometers,
followed closely by Quezon Province at Flood Control
64 square kilometers.
In 2017, the DPWH implemented a
In 2017, a total of 3.28 square kilometers total of 192 flood control projects.
were newly irrigated, 2.02 square These include the construction and
kilometers restored, 37.74 kilometers repair of dikes, seawalls, river control,
length of canal linings rehabilitated and revetment, drainage mains, waterways
145 structures rehabilitated. Nationwide and other flood control structures to
projects are expected to be completed mitigate flooding.
by June 2018. The Quipot and
Table 3.44 Status of Irrigation Development in CALABARZON, 2016
ESTIMATED
SERVICE AREA % OF IRRIGATION REMAINING AREA FOR
PROVINCE IRRIGABLE AREA
(sq km) DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
(sq km)
Cavite 186 147 79.11% 39
Laguna 241 163 67.70% 78

Batangas 88 47 53.85% 40
Rizal 85 56 66.14% 29
Quezon 259 195 75.26% 64
CALABARZON 859 609 70.88% 250
Source: NIA
Energy, Power and Electrification as a result of the government’s

commitment to continuously improve
The Region hosts a number of power the reliability, availability and resiliency
plants that supply electricity to the of energy infrastructure and facilities
Luzon Grid. As of 2017, there were 32 through electrification programs such
power plants located in the Region with an as the Sitio Electrification Program
aggregate installed capacity of 10,202.65 (SEP) of the National Electrification
megawatts (MW) and a dependable Authority (NEA). The SEP provided
capacity of 9,271.35 MW. The biggest funding assistance among electric
share is from natural gas-fed plants with cooperatives for their extension
3,291.00 MW or 35.50 percent of the of distribution lines to remote
total dependable capacity, followed by sitios with the provision of free
coal-fired plants with 2,338.00 MW or household connection.
25.2 percent.
In 2016, Batangas Province had the
The number of energized households highest electrification rate (Table 3.47)
in the Region (Table 3.46) increased at 98.14, followed closely by Cavite
by 1.27 percentage points from 95.40 Province at 97.81 and Laguna at 96.59.
percent in 2015 to 96.67 percent in 2016 The provinces of Quezon and Rizal

Province had the lowest electrification In 2017, the proportion of households
rate at 95.47 and 94.80, respectively. served with electric connections
All provinces’ electrification increased decelerated by 2.83 percentage points
in 2016. primarily due to inclement weather
and difficulty in reaching remote areas
As of 2017, there are three electric which hindered the installation of
cooperatives in the Region: a) Laguna electrical lines and transport of materials
Electric Cooperative, Inc.; b) Batangas for installation and the establishment
Electric Cooperative Inc., and c) Quezon of additional temporary houses in
Electric Cooperative, Inc. These rural areas. On the other hand, sitios
cooperatives work with local electric served with electric connection slightly
cooperatives to distribute electric supply improved by 0.67 percentage points.
to target municipalities.
Table 3.45 Existing Power Plants in CALABARZON, 2017
NUMBER OF POWER PLANTS CAPACITY PERCENT SHARE (%)
FUEL TYPE GRID
EMBEDDED INSTALLED DEPENDABLE INSTALLED DEPENDABLE
CONNECTED
Coal 9 - 2,445.00 2,338.00 23.96 25.22
Oil-Based 2 - 662.40 542.00 6.49 5.85

Diesel 1 - 12.40 12.00 0.12 0.13
Oil Thermal 1 - 650.00 530.00 6.37 5.72
Gas Turbine - - - - - -
Natural Gas 5 - 3,445.50 3,291.00 33.77 35.50
Renewable Energy 6 10 1,384.80 1,171.10 13.57 12.63
Geothermal 2 1 468.00 444.40 4.59 4.79
Hydro 3 4 964.05 838.15 9.45 9.04
Wind - 1 54.00 21.40 0.53 0.23
Biomass 0 1 8.20 3.40 0.08 0.04
Solar 1 3 108.30 79.90 1.06 0.86
Total 22 10 10,202.65 9,271.35 100 100
Source: Department of Energy (DOE), 2017
Table 3.46 Status of Household Electrification in CALABARZON, 2015-2016

ITEM 2015 2016
HH Population Projected 3,432,898 3,509,353
Served 3,274,849 3,392,611

Unserved 158,049 116,742
HH Electrification Level 95.40% 96.67%
Source: DOE Region IV-A
Table 3.47 Status of Household Electrification by Province, 2015-2016

HH ELECTRIFICATION
HH POPULATION SERVED UNSERVED
PROVINCE LEVEL
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
Cavite 879,074 898,782 856,950 879,123 22,124 19,659 97.48 97.81
Laguna 767,077 783,706 737,816 756,974 29,261 26,732 96.19 96.59

Batangas 620,913 641,161 586,687 629,264 34,226 11,897 94.49 98.14
Rizal 693,894 707,081 651,344 670,311 42,550 36,770 93.87 94.80
Quezon 471,940 478,623 442,052 456,939 29,888 21,684 93.67 95.47
Source: DOE

Figure 3.17 Proportion of Households and Sitios with Electric Connections,
2016 2017
96.14
93.31
92.53
91.86
Households with electric connections (%) Sitios with electric connections (%)
Source: NEA
Rural electrification will continue to Solid Waste Management (SWM) Plans

cover the remaining areas with no which contain prioritize strategies to
electric connections. According to the reduce waste and improve solid waste
NEA, the implementation of the Task management. Despite the increase in the
Force Kapatid will be implemented to SWM plans, only 51 LGUs were able to
expedite the restoration of electric have approved SWM Plan because of the
supply after the occurrence of disasters. difficulty in acquiring the Waste Analysis
The task force consists of volunteers from and Characterization Study which is a
electric cooperatives and private pre-requisite for SWM Plan formulation.
distribution utilities.
As of 2016, the Region has eight open
Solid Waste Management dumpsites which include controlled
disposal facilities and only 23
The solid waste diversion rate in the sanitary landfills. A decreasing trend for
Region had been increasing from monitored open dumpsites and
33 percent in 2012 to 60 percent controlled disposal facilities can be
in 2016 but only 23 out of the 142 observed from 2015 to 2016. Meanwhile,
LGUs were found to be compliant to the Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
Republic Act No. 9003 “Ecological Solid being monitored increased from 30 MRFs
Waste Management Act”. Approximately in 2013 to 54 MRFs in 2016.
93 percent of LGUs have 10-year
Table 3.48 Solid Waste Management in CALABARZON, 2012-2016

INDICATORS 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Solid Waste Diversion Rate 33% 40% 43% 50% 60%
Number of LGUs compliance to RA 9003 increasing increasing increasing increasing 23
Solid Waste Management Plan 1 2 6 28 132 LGUs submitted but
only 51 were approved
Closure and rehabilitation of open dumpsites/ 5 5 5 32 15
controlled dump facilities
LGUs with approved 10-year SWM Plan 1 2 6 28 132
Monitoring of Materials Recovery - 59 64 - 54
Facilities (MRF) increased
Open Dumpsite (OD) monitored 38 39 41 46* 8*
Controlled Dump Facilities (CDF) monitored 45 49 43
SLF Monitored 16 16 19 20 23
Monitoring of MRF composting increased - 43 increasing increasing 46
Source: DENR-EMB Region IV-A
*includes OD and CDF

Income, Service Access, and Poverty
Family Income percent in 2009, the challenge of ensuring
that poverty reduction efforts are being
Income and Expenditure felt by the majority of its population is
still evident in the prevailing
On the average, in 2015, a family in the income inequality.
Region earns PHP 312,000 and spends
PHP 269,000. This shows increased On the average, in 2015, the poorest
family income and expenditure from families in the Region posted an annual
13.6 percent in 2012 to 14.5 percent in income of 111,000 pesos or 9,250.00
2015, respectively. This is also equivalent per month while the richest families
to an increase in savings at 7.6 percent. earn 817,000 pesos in a year or 68,083
pesos monthly. This is consistent with
Income Inequality the Region’s Gini coefficient which also
shows a minimal improvement from 0.42
Despite the Region’s improved poverty in 2012 to 0.40 in 2015.
incidence of 9.1 percent in 2015 from 11.9
Table 3.49 Annual Average Income and Expenditure, in PHP
INDICATOR 2009 2012 2015
Number of Families 2,406,000 3,082,000 3,251,000
Average Annual Income 249,000 284,000 312,000
Average Annual Expenditure 213,000 243,000 269,000
Source: PSA Region IV-A
Social Services which hinders the non-achievement of

the Region’s target. At the local level, the
Health and Nutrition low prioritization and lack of policies
addressing maternal mortality also
Infant mortality rate (IMR) increased contributed to the poor performance.
from 9 infant deaths per 1,000 live births
in 2015 to 10 infant deaths in 2016. The target prevalence of underweight
Despite a slight increase, the Region met and severely underweight pre-school
its target on infant mortality rate which children in CALABARZON was met.
is 22 infant deaths per 1,000 live births The figure decreased from 7 percent
in 2016. On under-five mortality rate, in 2014 to 5.12 percent in 2015 and
the Region recorded 13 deaths per 1,000 to 4.90 percent in 2016. On the other
live births both in 2015 and 2016. Among hand, there is an increasing prevalence
the causes of infant deaths include of over-nutrition in the Region
pneumonia, bacterial sepsis of newborn, from 2.16 percent in 2015 to 4.30
fetal death with unspecified cause and percent in 2016 due to unhealthy diet and
respiratory distress. food choices and lack of physical activity.
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) slightly The proportion of households with per
improved in 2016 at 63 deaths per 100,000 capita intake below 100 percent dietary
live births. However, the Region is still far energy intake is still at 31 percent. This
behind its target of 52 deaths per 100,000 can be attributed to the lack of sustainable
live births. There is a need to address local nutrition programs including key
the weak coordination among program projects that are capable of delivering
implementers, poor service delivery planned nutrition outcomes as stipulated
networks and limited trained manpower in the Philippine Plan of Action for

Nutrition (PPAN). Other contributing Among the provinces, Batangas has
factors include poverty, disaster the most number of hospitals with 67,
vulnerability of some areas, and limited mostly private, and the highest bed
food choices. capacity of 2,213. All provinces fall
short of the standard bed to population
Government Health Services ratio of 1 bed per 1000 population. The
limited health service delivery is most
The Region’s health manpower to evident in Cavite which has the highest
population ratio significantly improved population among the provinces but with
from 2015 to 2016. There have been the second to the least bed capacity next
significant increases in the number of to Rizal which is less populated.
medical doctors to population such that
the ratio improved from 1:84,624 in 2015 Batangas Medical Center, the Regional
to 1:56,052 in 2016 but still far from hospital of CALABARZON, is situated
the planning standard of 1:10,000. The in Batangas City. On the other hand, the
nurses to population ratio also increased provincial hospitals of Cavite, Laguna,
significantly and almost achieved its Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon are located
target and standard ratio of 1:20,000. in the municipalities/cities of Trece
The midwives to population ratio also Martirez, Sta. Cruz, Lemery, Morong,
improved from 1:12,542 in 2015 to 1:8,042 and Lucena, respectively. There are also
in 20161. However, challenges in hiring Drug Rehabilitation Center and Women
still arise such as low takers for doctor Children Crisis Center in Laguna.
positions, restrictions on the number of
hired local LGU personnel as mandated Susceptibility of Health Sector
by law, and limited budget. to Disaster
The number of health facilities in the The Philippines has been vulnerable
Region increased. As of 2015, there were to disasters due to its geographical
264 hospitals, of which 75 percent are location2. With that, the Region
private hospitals (197 hospitals) and only experienced numerous typhoons,
25 percent are public or government flooding and other climate-related
hospitals (67 hospitals). Total bed disasters over the years. Among these
capacity was 7,078 with 1,660 for disasters are the Typhoon Glenda,
government hospitals and 5,418 for Typhoon Nona and the Northeast
private hospitals. These hospitals are Monsoon, and Typhoon Nina which
categorized mostly as first level and struck in July 2014, December 2015 and
primary care hospitals. December 2017, respectively.
2
The United Nations 2009 Global Report on Disaster
Risk Reduction ranks the country as the third most
disaster-prone country globally with the most
1
The planning standard is 1 midwife per 3,000 to number of people exposed and displaced annually
5,000 population due to disasters.
Table 3.50 Number of Government and Private Hospitals, Authorized Bed
Capacity, 2015
GOVERNMENT PRIVATE
PROVINCES BED BED LEVEL
NO. NO.
CAPACITY CAPACITY
Cavite 13 314 41 817 Primary Care/ Level 1
Laguna 15 512 41 722 Primary Care/ Level 1
Batangas 12 120 55 2,213 Primary Care/ Level 1
Rizal 10 294 29 714 Primary Care/ Level 1
Quezon 17 420 21 952 Primary Care/ Level 1
CALABARZON 67 1,660 197 5,418
Source: DOH Region IV-A
Map 3.39 Hospitals in CALABARZON

TY Glenda (2014) affected over 1.4 projects include the construction of
million people or 367,486 families and school libraries, faculty rooms, school
a total of PHP 91,556,000.00 worth of fences, provision of school furniture,
damages on health facilities was rehabilitation of classrooms, Gulayan sa
reported in Laguna, Quezon and Rizal. Paaralan, among others.
These health facilities include public
and private hospitals, and rural health Due to disasters, school buildings and
units. In terms of casualties, 75 were classrooms were damaged. For instance,
reported dead, 768 injured and six were TY Glenda (2014) in resulted to a total of
missing. TY Nina (2016) in incurred an PHP 254,879,003.35 damages to schools.
estimate of 202,847 affected people TY Nona (2015) and Nina (2016),
or 51,867 affected families, four on the other hand, incurred a total of
fatalities, four injured and 18 missing. A PHP 850,000 and PHP 106,132,176
total of PHP 7,039,309 damage to health damages to schools, respectively. Other
facilities was also reported. than the school facilities and equipment
affected, students and teachers, teaching
Disasters not only impact on materials and school supplies were also
infrastructure such as health facilities lost and damaged. Furthermore, regular
but also to the conditions of affected teaching schedules and classes were
individuals and families. For instance, disrupted, resulting to missed lessons and
in the Post Disaster Needs Assessment additional class hours or days required
conducted after disasters, medical for make-up classes. Schools were also
conditions and health needs were given used as evacuation centers in time
importance and prioritized. of disasters.
Basic Education Net Enrolment Rate
For the whole Region, there are a total Net enrolment for kindergarten,
of 2,730 public primary schools and 662 elementary and secondary posted
primary schools, as recorded in 2013. a decrease of 6.28, 14.08, and 13.13
The province of Quezon has the most percentage points, respectively, from
number of schools while Rizal and school year 2013-2014, 2014-2015
Cavite have the least for elementary and to SY 2015-2016. The decrease in
secondary, respectively. enrolment rates is due to the decrease in
school-age population and change in
The number of classrooms in the Region school age requirement starting six
increased due to the increased public years old.
spending on classroom constructions
with the implementation of the Cohort survival rate improved by 10.47
Public-Private Partnership School percentage points from SY 2014-2015 to
Infrastructure Project (PSIP), SY 2015-2016. The secondary level, on
the K to 12 Program, and the the other hand, also showed an increase
Bottom Up Budgeting (BUB). of 3.68 percentage points from SY
2014-2015. Completion rate in both
With the implementation of Senior levels, elementary and secondary, also
High School (SHS) as the last mile of the increased by 12.53 and 4.59 percentage
K to 12 Basic Education Program, a total points in the same period, respectively.
of 2,673 SHS buildings were constructed The improvement in student retention
from 2014 to 2015. On the other hand, and completion can be attributed to
with the PSIP Phase I, a total of 4,255 existing DepEd Special Curricular
classrooms were constructed. Projects Programs and child protection policies
funded under the BUB increased including the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013,
from 76 in 2014 to 121 in 2015. These feeding programs in partnership with

LGUs and NGOs, and distribution of Centers of Excellence/ Development
school supplies and materials. In SY
2014-2015, the teacher-pupil ratio for There are 18 Center of Excellence
elementary is 1:41 while the teacher- programs and 19 Center of Development
student ratio for the secondary is 1:28. Programs in 2016.
Higher Education Various fields with center of excellence

include teacher education, hotel and
The Region has one National University, restaurant management, agricultural
the University of the Philippines Los engineering, agriculture, forestry,
Baños, and five State University and environmental science, veterinary
College, one in each province with several medicine, biology, chemistry,
branch/ satellite campuses. mathematics, statistics, information
technology, development communication,
medical technology, criminology
and tourism.
Table 3.51 Number of SHS Buildings, PSIP Classrooms, BUB Projects, 2014-2015
NO. OF SHS BLDGS NO. OF PSIP CLASSROOMS NO. OF BUB PROJECTS
PROVINCES
2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015
Cavite 78 445 600 728 12 21
Laguna 101 525 776 902 5 16
Batangas 48 554 641 701 18 9
Rizal 110 104 207 326 21 57
Quezon 390 318 959 1598 20 66
CALABARZON 727 1,946 3,183 4,255 76 33
Source: DepEd Region IV-A
Table 3.52 Number of HEIs and Programs, AY 2015-2016

HEIs
PROVINCES PROGRAMS
TOTAL SUC LUC PRIVATE HEIs
Cavite 75 15 2 57 1,160
Laguna 83 10 5 68 1,269
Batangas 56 12 3 41 909
Rizal 64 10 3 51 686
Quezon 51 15 2 34 601
CALABARZON 329 62 15 251 4,625
Source: CHED Region IV-A
Fields with center of development Graduates

include biology, electrical engineering,
information technology and The Region was able to produce a total
business administration. of 72,389 graduates in 2015. Majority
of the graduates are from the fields of
Enrolment business administration, education,
science and technology, and information
In 2016, there are a total of 432,361 technology-related discipline. On the
enrollees in the Region. Majority of other hand, few graduated from fine and
the enrollees are in private colleges applied arts, and law and jurisprudence.
(53 percent) and state universities and
colleges (39 percent).

Table 3.53 Number of Graduates per Discipline, AY 2015-2016
DISCIPLINE AY 2015-2016 GRADUATES
Business Administration and Related 25,394
Education Science and Teacher Training 11,156
IT-Related Disciplines 10,982
Engineering and Tech 9,050
Medical and Allied 3,143
Social and Behavioral Sciences 2,916
Other Disciplines 2,258
Service Trades 2,051
Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries 1,792
Mass Communication and Documentation 1,011
CALABARZON 72,389
Source: CHED Region IV-A
Accreditation Technical Vocational Education

and Training
The Region improved its performance
in higher education in terms of program In terms of technical vocational education
certification, masteral and doctoral training (TVET) enrollees and graduates
graduates (PhD). In 2016, a total of 637 in 2016, both increased by 8,457 and
programs were accredited which increased 22,552, respectively. The increase can
by 26.4 percent from 469 programs be attributed to the increase in TVET
in 2015. funds from the government and also to
the increased interest of the youth in
The grants included in the K to 12 both rural and informal sectors to pursue
Transition Program and other financial TVET for faster employment.
assistance offered by CHED to higher
education institutions (HEIs) may Persons assessed and certified also
have contributed to the increase of increased in 2015 by 35,047 and 30,421,
the HEIs’ accredited programs. An respectively. The positive performance
increasing number of HEIs also included was due to public’s growing appreciation
enhancement and accreditation of their on the value of state certification
programs in their strategic plans and (National Certificate I to IV) affirming
budget, recognizing the competitive workers’ competence in their respective
and internationalization trends in fields and the increasing demand for
higher education. certified and highly skilled industry and
service workers.
The substantial rise in the number of
masteal graduates of 5,537 in 2016 Similar to basic education, disasters result
was facilitated by various graduate to damaged facilities in universities and
scholarships and other forms of colleges, and affected education system,
assistance offered. Progress in faculty teachers and students. Furthermore,
development in terms of PhD attainment given the vulnerability of the Philippines
is also shown by the 12 percent and Region with disasters and hazards,
increase to 2,223 in 2016 from 1,958 in disaster rehabilitation and resiliency
2015. This was encouraged by inclusion are being integrated in the education
of post-graduate achievements in the curriculum as one of major programs
development programs of various being offered. For instance, Batangas State
academic institutions. University is crafting a course offering
on Disaster Resiliency Education for
Adaptation and Mitigation.

Crime Situation corporations for the benefit of
the PWDs through programs
The total crime volume declined by 15.05 and activities.
percent from 75,884 in 2014 to 64,463 in
2015. The crime incidents based on PNP Elderly People
blotter cases reported a total of 46,848 or
72.67 percent of the total crime volume. Based from the 2015 Census of
Of the crime volume, 32.18 percent Population, there are 575,738 persons 60
were index crimes while 67.82 percent years old and over in the Region, around
were non-index crimes. Of the 46,848 8 percent of the Region’s total population.
crime incidents, 24,381 were cleared,
thereby attaining a 47.79 percent Crime The number of indigent senior citizens
Clearance Efficiency, which decreased by covered by social pension increased
11.23 percent from the recorded 2014 rate. by 14.4 percent from 72,285 in 2015 to
82,661 in 2016 due to strengthened
Poor Households partnership and better coordination with
the LGUs. Despite the increase in the
In 2016, the target areas covered by 4Ps number of beneficiary senior citizens,
remained at 100 percent. However, the there are still issues related to out-of-date
number of poor households covered payrolls such as presence of deceased
by 4Ps decreased by 3.7 percent from beneficiaries, misspelled names, and lack
328,256 in 2015 to 316,033 in 2016. This is of address of beneficiaries that needs
because some of the former beneficiaries to be addressed to make the system
of the program are now classified as more efficient.
non-poor and some families were no
longer eligible as their children have Children
finished college. Furthermore, 100 percent
of 4Ps were covered by the Philippine There are 4,887,981 children in the
Health Insurance Corporation. Region as recorded in the 2015 Census
of Population, majority of which are aged
Persons with Disabilities 1 to 9 years old3.
Based from the 2010 National Population To ensure the protection of children,
Census, there are about 192,664 disabled national laws such as the Presidential
persons in the Region, of which majority Decree 603 or the Children and Youth
is from ages 5 to 24 and 40 to 64. Welfare Code and the Executive Order
No. 53, “Strengthening the Committee
Republic Act No. 7277, otherwise for the Special Protection of Children
known as the Magna Carta for Disabled (CSPC), Amending for this Purpose
Persons, affirms the rehabilitation, Executive Order No. 275 (s.1995)”
self-development and self-reliance, were enacted. At the Regional level,
and integration of PWDs into the the Regional Sub-Committee for the
mainstream society. In line with this, Welfare of Children (RSCWC) functions
the Republic Act 10070 mandates that as the coordinating body in ensuring
all LGUs should establish Persons that appropriate policies, programs and
with Disability (PWDs) Affairs Office. projects are being implemented for the
Furthermore, Executive Order No. protection of children. Furthermore,
417 states the appropriation of at least the Regional Inter-Agency Council on
one percent (1%) of the total yearly 3
Children are persons below 18 years of age, or
budget of all National Government over 18 years of age but is unable to fully take
Agencies and instrumentalities including care of herself/himself from abuse, neglect, cruelty,
Government Financial Institutions and exploitation or discrimination because of a physical
Government-owned and controlled or mental disability or condition (R.A. 9231 and
R.A. 7610)

Map 3.40 CALABARZON HEIs and SUCs

Anti-Trafficking Violence against DILG Memorandum Circular 2012-120
Women and their Children focuses on enjoins all Local Chief Executives to
lessening and eradicating the incidences appropriate 1 percent from their internal
of violence. revenue allotment for the strengthening
and implementation of programs,
Programs for children were also being projects and activities of the Local
done by various agencies such as DOH Council for the Protection of Children as
focusing on their health and nutritional mandated by RA 9344. LGUs also ensure
status, DOLE on child labor, DepEd on the participation of children in the local
continuous capacity development and governance. Furthermore, programs and
ensuring access to education, and DSWD projects of the LGUs are being monitored
on social protection such as Pantawid and assessed through the Child Friendly
Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Moreover, Local Governance Audit.
Table 3.54 Number of Day Care Centers in the Region, 2017
PROVINCE TOTAL DAY CARE CENTERS (DCC) ACCREDITED DCC CATERED CHILDREN
Cavite 809 533 45,912
Laguna 769 286 43,479
Batangas 1,163 534 45,675
Rizal 607 174 35,026
Quezon 1,325 1,085 42,251
CALABARZON 4,673 2,612 212,343
Source: DSWD Region IV-A
Table 3.55 Social Welfare Facilities in CALABARZON, 2015

NAME OF FACILITIES/
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
Bahay Tuluyan ng mga Bata A residential institution established to provide care, protection ,and rehabilitation to
(Home for Girls), Bagong girls ages 5 to 17 - who are victims of sexual abuse (rape, incest, acts of lasciviousness,
Bayan, Dasmariñas, Cavite sexual exploitation, abandonment, negligence, and physical abuse and maltreatment)
The Regional Heaven An alternative form of family care providing 24-hour group living on temporary basis
Agriculture to disadvantaged, abused women and their qualified dependent whose needs cannot
Compound, be adequately met by their own families and relative over a period of time. It was
Rosario, Batangas established in 1997 with the partnership with the Congressional Spouses Foundation
Inc. (CSFI)
National Training Schools Provides protection and parental care to CICL. To enable the CICLs who cannot undergo
for Boys rehabilitation in the community to benefit from an intensive treatment of their deviant
Barangay Sampaloc, behavior and anti-social attitudes in a residential setting and prepare him for successful
Tanay, Rizal adjustment with his family and community after discharge.
Haven for the Elderly A residential facility that provides care to male and female senior citizens who are aban-
Barangay Sampaloc, doned, neglected, and needy. It has a bed capacity of 300 and was established on
Tanay, Rizal September 30, 1969.
Field Office Resource This serves as the resource operation center of DSWD - CALABARZON during disaster
Operations Center and has 30,000 family food packs as stockpile at any given time. DSWD plans to trans-
Barangay San Jose, fer this center to Dasmariñas City as the facility is located in the vicinity of the West
GMA, Cavite Valley Fault.
Social Welfare Institutions Indigenous People
The Region has five existing social welfare In 2010, at most 16,754 indigenous people
facilities which are being operated by (IP) who potray unique practices reside
the Department of Social Welfare and in CALABARZON. The IP communities
Development. These are: a) Bahay Tulayan are the Badjao, Aeta, Remontado, and
ng mga Bata; b) the Regional Heaven; Dumagat. The Dumagat/Remontados
c) National Training Schools for Boys; are moving and roaming in one place,
d) Haven for the Elderly; and e) Field doing their daily chores of hunting and
Office Resource Operations Center. gathering food. The areas they covered

Map 3.41 Approved Certificate of Ancestral Domain

were General Nakar and Infanta in Learning System also incorporated special
Quezon, Sta. Maria in Laguna, and curriculum for the IPs.
Antipolo City, Tanay, and Rodriguez
in Rizal. The approved certificate of ancestral
domain5 title (CADT) in the Region
The Department of Education continues are in General Nakar with 163,641 ha,
to implement its IP Education Curriculum Rodriguez and San Mateo, Rizal with
Framework4 which recognizes the right 19,523 ha, Catanauan, Quezon with 1,015
of the IPs in basic education and is in ha, and Tanay Rizal with 24,667 hectares.
line with the provisions of the Philippine
Constitution on encouraging learning 5
Ancestral domain as defined under R.A. 8371 otherwise known as the
systems and recognizing, respecting, Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 refers to all areas generally belonging
to indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples (ICC/IPs) comprising
and protecting the rights of indigenous lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under
claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or
communities. The DepEd’s Alternative through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial,
continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure
4
IPEd is an integral part of the inclusiveness of the or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government
projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private
enhanced basic education (IP Education Curriculum individuals/corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic,
Framework, DepEd Order No. 32, s. 2015) social and cultural welfare
Table 3.56 List of Approved CADTs in CALABARZON

# of Rights
CADT No. LOCATION ICCs/IPs AREA (ha)
Holders
RO4-NAK-1208-097 Gen. Nakar, Quezon and Dumagat 163,641.46 3,515
Montalban Rizal
RO4-TAN-0709-130 Tanay, Rizal Dumagat/Remontado 24,667.01 6,294
RO4-ROD-0512-158 Rodriguez and San Mateo, Rizal Dumagat/Remontado 19,523.47 3,995
RO4-CAT-1115-191 Catanauan, Quezon Aeta 1,015.49 670
Grand Total 208,847.43 14,474.00
Some of the problems which beset IPs Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are
are: 1) the titled properties within the among the most vulnerable population
ancestral domain areas; 2) the because they can be exposed to
encroachment by lowlanders and exploitation. However, in 2016, the
other settlers in the area; 3) the lack of number of OFWs covered by social
support from the local as well as national security decreased from 100 percent
government agencies in the development in 2015 to 94 percent, as some OFWs
of the area; 4) the peace and order; became in-active or have stopped paying
and 5) the delineation of their AD. membership contribution. Despite the
decrease in membership contribution,
OFWs OWWA continues to provide social
protection services to both active and
From 2005 to 2015, majority of the non-active members. The number of
Filipino emigrants6 came from the NCR distressed OFWs assisted decreased from
with 240,451 followed by CALABARZON 303 in 2015 to 41 in 2016 which may be
with 162,826. Among provinces, four out due to poor information dissemination of
of the five provinces in the Region, Cavite, OFWs services at the local level and lack
Laguna, Rizal and Batangas, are also in of functional OFW help desks.
the Top 10 province of origin of registered
Filipino emigrants.
6
Filipino emigrants are those leaving the Philippines
for family reunification, marriage migration or skills-
based migration, with an intention to stay for long-
term or permanently overseas. They are immigrants or
permanent visa holders (2015 Commission on Filipino
Overseas Statistics)

Poverty Situation the 3.4 poverty incidence in 2012. This
can be attributed to internal migration of
The Region’s poverty incidence declined low-income households and individuals
from 11.9 percent in 2009 to 9.1 percent brought about by resettlements from
in 2015. The decline in poverty incidence the NCR and nearby provinces. Quezon
maybe attributed to the improvement province also exhibited a high poverty
in the overall economic performance of incidence of 22.7 which is above the
the Region wherein the ‘transient poor’ Regional and national poverty incidence
households or the households that live of 9.1 and 21.6, respectively. The relatively
just below the poverty threshold were able high poverty incidence of the Quezon
to cross the poverty line because some province, despite its decline from the
household members were able to find jobs previous year’s 25.2, can be attributed to
or engage in business activities and earn the slow growth of the agriculture sector
enough income. in the Region which is the province’s
main economic activity and limited
While the poverty incidence in the livelihood opportunities.
Region declined, the poverty incidence in
Cavite province rose to 6.8 percent from
Table 3.57 Poverty Incidence Among Population, 2009 to 2015, in percent

PROVINCE 2009 2012 2015
Philippines 26.3 25.2 21.6
Region IV-A 11.9 10.9 9.1
Batangas 17.1 19.0 9.3
Cavite 3.2 3.4 6.8
Laguna 8.4 6.4 5.4
Quezon 29.8 27.5 22.7
Rizal 8.6 6.1 5.4

Source: PSA Region IV-A
Map 3.42 CALABARZON Poverty Incidence, 2009


Chapter 4
The Regional Physical

Framework Plan
Development Challenges
CALABARZON’S geographic location and migration of people local residents
is one of the main factors for its higher from rural to urban areas. The continuous
economic output compared with other movement of people to urban areas near
Regions. However, this advantage also Metro Manila has resulted to urban
gave rise to the following challenges: problems such as congestion, heavy traffic
and transport problems, deterioration of
High population and uncontrolled the environment, spread of diseases, and
growth of urban areas inadequate or poor quality of basic social
services. Oftentimes, the infrastructure
CALABARZON is the most populous and level of basic services of receiving
Region in the country with 14.41 million areas are often outpaced with the influx
people with also the highest average of people. On the other hand, sending off
APGR of 2.58 percent, from 2010 to areas which have decreasing population
2015. Cavite has the fastest population also suffer and at risk to receive less
growth at 3.37 percent followed by Rizal priority in the provision of social and
with 2.88 percent. Quezon has the lowest infrastructure development programs.
population growth at 1.23 percent.
Unplanned settlements and areas
Among the cities and municipalities, for urban expansion
Antipolo City has the largest population
with 776,386 people followed by the The urban challenges have not been
Dasmariñas City with 659,019 people and fully addressed primarily due to weak
Bacoor City with 600,609 people. implementation of physical plans by most
LGUs. Many LGUs were unprepared
While the Region’s population growth for the continuous influx of people
has slowed down from 3.07 percent in demanding higher level of services and
2000-2010 to 2.58 percent in 2010-2015, land for development.
the population continues to grow fast due
to reduction of premature deaths, longer As of 2019, only 49 out of the 142
life span, high fertility rate, population municipalities and cities or about 35
momentum and in-migration. percent have approved Comprehensive
Land Use Plans while around 42
Majority or 66.4 percent live in urban percent have approved Comprehensive
areas. Sixty percent of the population Development Plans. While all the five
reside in Regional and sub-regional provinces have approved Provincial
centers consisting of 12 municipalities Development and Physical Framework
and 15 cities. These localities are grouped Plans, there is still a need to strengthen
into so-called “catchment area or cluster.” the province’s oversight and coordination
with LGUs in their jurisdiction to steer
The distribution of population is the development towards the province’s
result of in-migration from other regions desired vision. Further to the approval
Chapter 4 The Regional Physical Framework Plan | 97

of the Comprehensive Land Use Plans town and city centers have also worsened.
(CLUPs), zoning techniques and As of 2016, around 11.78 percent of
ordinance of urbanized and urbanizing national roads are in bad condition and in
LGUs need to be looked into to ensure need of rehabilitation.
that these include flexible and innovative
zoning regulations that will be able to The numerous road widening projects
adapt to rapid development. along primary roads were designed to
address the increasing volume of vehicles
With the fast growing population, but road obstructions such as electrical
the increasing demand for affordable posts, telecommunication utilities, trees,
and accessible housing, especially for parked vehicles and establishments along
low-income families, has resulted in the road right of way have prevented motorists
increase of informal settler families (ISFs) from using them.
and ISF settlements in the Region. In
2011, of the estimated 1.5 million ISFs Land transport need not be confined
nationwide, 15 percent or 221,284 were in to roads. Railways which used to run
CALABARZON1. These ISF settlements through CALABARZON have to be
are usually located in urban or urbanizing restored to transport cargoes and
areas where there are better economic passengers. Mass transport is the answer to
opportunities. Many ISFs reside in high traffic congestions.
risk areas and privately-owned land areas
which make them more vulnerable to Apart from land transport, water
calamities and eviction. transport is essential for CALABARZON
to connect to the other regions and
The influx of population in unplanned to connect the island municipalities.
and poorly developed settlements However, the use of the Batangas port
has made it even more difficult for is not maximized due to inadequate
government to provide the basic services ancillary services
and infrastructures. These settlements
are characterized by poor or no sewerage The seamless integration of different
and septage system, underdeveloped transport modes and efficiency of
flood control and drainage systems which transfer facilities such as terminals in
result to flooding and improper waste urban areas where there is high traffic
disposal and management The lack or congestion, and physical linkages
limited open areas for recreation, poor between urban and rural areas need
access to transportation and utilities, to be improved. Further, the quality of
and inadequate social and basic services, transport infrastructure and other
among others are often the outcomes of support facilities and utilities need to be
unplanned communities. improved to meet national and global
standards, enhance mobility of the public,
Inadequate infrastructure and reduce negative environmental impacts
utilities support facilities and become resilient to disasters.
While CALABARZON has the second On telecommunications and ICT,

highest road density nationwide at 15.34 CALABARZON’s growing population
km per sq km., road density in highly and expanding industry and services
urbanized areas in Cavite, Rizal, and sectors require faster and reliable
Laguna still needs to be increased to cater internet connection. The Region is faced
to the growing number of vehicles and with poor quality of internet connection
people. Peak-hour traffic congestions in and limited free internet access in
public areas which can limit productivity
1
HUDCC et. al., Developing a National Informal
and participation in the global economy.
Settlements Upgrading Strategy for the Philippines
Final Report, July 2014

Decreasing Agricultural Lands ecosystems. Illegal extraction of resources
occur in encroached forestlands or
Land devoted for agricultural production protected areas, putting the biodiversity
has been decreasing through the years of the ecosystem at risk.
because of continuous conversion to other
non-agricultural uses. Due to rapid urbanization and unplanned
or poorly managed settlements, solid
In a span of 30 years, from 1988 to 2018 waste management has become a major
a total of 21,072 hectares of agricultural challenge. The insufficient number
lands in CALABARZON, under the of materials recovery facilities and
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform alone, sanitary landfills, coupled with poor
have been approved by the Department implementation or lack of local solid
of Agrarian Reform for conversion. waste management system and limited
Premature conversion also happens when technical and financial capability have
the LGU reclassifies agricultural lands all contributed to the deteriorating
for other uses through its Sanggunian quality of the environment especially in
without going through the proper process urban areas.
or when agricultural lands are abandoned
and left idle. The growing population The environmental quality of major
has driven the increased demand for rivers and Laguna de Bay have also not
settlement, industrial, and commercial improved due to domestic wastes mostly
lands. Conversion intensified as land from ISFs and upland communities,
value increased. agricultural run-off, and industrial
effluents or untreated wastes being
As of 2015, production areas for discharged into water bodies. Other
agriculture and fisheries have been protected water bodies such as the
declining at an annual average rate of 0.15 Taal Volcano Protected Landscape are
percent. This has contributed to declining also threatened by encroachment and
production of major high value crops such negative effects of economic and
as cacao, coffee, sugarcane, banana, white residential activities.
corn, coconut and palay, and the very low
performance on rice production with Air pollution is also a major concern in
only around 17 percent of the Region’s urbanized and highly urbanized areas
rice requirement met for the period 2012 as it can result to increase in respiratory
to 2015. This resulted to the declining diseases. Sources of air pollution include
performance of the crop subsector which industry, vehicles, and poor wastes
has been contracting at an average of 1.34 disposal. Air quality monitoring and
percent annually from 2011 to 2015. strategies to improve air quality are also
lacking in many urban areas.
Deteriorating Environmental
Quality Disaster and Climate
Change Risks
The increasing human and economic
activities have strained the environment Disasters bring about damages and losses
in providing the needed resources to the environment and vulnerable groups
to support productive sectors as well who reside in hazard-prone areas.
as provide areas for expansion of
settlements. While there are continuous The changing climatic conditions have
efforts to rehabilitate denuded forestlands also aggravated the frequency and
and mangrove areas, illegal logging, magnitude of disasters. The damages
small-scale mining and settlements can and losses from Typhoon Glenda in 2014
still be found in some upland or forest alone were estimated at PHP8.88 billion.
The effects of prolonged droughts, strong

typhoons and increase in torrential Volcano Island which was declared
rainfall have already contributed to the as a permanent danger zone and the
decline in production in the agriculture surrounding areas of Taal Volcano which
and fisheries sector. Intense tropical are susceptible to base surge. With the
storms with heavy rainfall can also cause extent of displacement and prolonged
flooding and landslides in low-lying and economic disruptions in areas affected
steep or mountainous areas, respectively. by the Taal Volcano eruption there is a
The poor, in particular, are more exposed clamor to declare the Taal Volcano Island
and at risk to disasters due to limited as a “No Human Settlements Zones”,
resources and access to services. which is in line with the Presidential
Proclamation No. 235 series of 1967,
In the January 12, 2020 Taal Volcano Presidential Proclamation No. 923 series
eruption, around 490,333 individuals of 1996 and the President’s declaration,
were displaced at the height of evacuation. among others.
These individuals are from the Taal
The Region’s Spatial Strategies

To achieve the Region’s vision, goals, and north-south development and access
development outcomes, a sound spatial corridors. This approach links urban and
strategy is imperative. rural populations better through greater
interplay of economic activities that, in
Urban Growth Clusters effect, can generate additional income and
and Resource-Based Area employment opportunities.
Development Clusters
Centers are the nucleus of economic
In the first CALABARZON Regional activities with high population densities
Physical Framework Plan 2004-2030, connected by built infrastructures and
the spatial strategy divided the Region multimodal transportation system.
into two development zones or clusters: Corridors are primarily transportation
1) Urban Growth Cluster (UGC) arteries linking centers to centers serving
consisting of several groups of highly as transit stations, interchange, established
urbanized and contiguous municipalities neighbourhood or general corridor
and cities which shall serve as the hub of areas. Wedges are tracts of land between
economic activities in terms of industrial, corridors with less dense population and
commercial financial and services with limited housing and supporting facilities
minimal activities in agriculture, and and services. It also includes green
2) Resource-based Area Development corridor, protection and production areas.
Cluster (RBADC) which function as
production and protection areas. While there are similarities between the
previous RPFP’s spatial strategy with the
current CCW strategy, the latter strategy
Centers, Corridors and Wedges
identified transport corridor areas in the
Region which will link major Regional
In Regional Development Plan (RDP)
centers and which will also be developed
2011-2016, the Centers, Corridors and
to support settlements development and
Wedges (CCW) approach was adopted as
economic activities.
the Region’s spatial strategy where various
settlements in the Region were grouped
Regional Agglomeration, Connectivity
according to the said categories. The CCW
and Vulnerability Reduction
approach seeks to direct and stimulate
development and growth from west to east
In line with the National Spatial Strategy
of CALABARZON, as well as strengthen
of the National Physical Framework

Map 4.1 CALABARZON RPFP 2004-2030 Spatial Strategy

Map 4.2 CALABARZON Centers, Corridors, Wedges

Plan and the Luzon Spatial Development Among the benefits from the economies
Framework, the Region adopted the of scale and agglomeration are lower
three interrelated strategies namely, production costs, increased business
Regional Agglomeration, Connectivity opportunities, high-quality skilled labor,
and Vulnerability Reduction the in RPFP better employment opportunities, which
2017-2046. would all contribute to reducing poverty.
Conversely, there are also diseconomies
Regional Agglomeration of agglomeration, such as excessive
competition, crowding, and congestion.
Regional agglomeration aims to decongest In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the
Metro Manila by promoting scale and densification of urban areas is identified
agglomeration economies in Regional and as one of the contributing factors in the
sub-regional centers and to manage the spread of the virus, together with other
growth of large and more environmentally factors such as with lack of healthy food
constrained metropolitan centers. options, green spaces, and recreational
The Regional agglomeration strategy facilities, unequal access to healthcare,
specifically aims to optimize benefits and air pollution and destruction of
from agglomeration, increase viability biodiversity. In order to reap the benefits
of wider variety and higher levels of of agglomeration and prevent suffering
services with bigger markets, and reduce from its drawbacks, it is essential to
encroachment into agricultural land resolve the existing major challenges of
and other environmentally sensitive or existing urban clusters, which is poor
protected areas. living environment, poor infrastructure
and service delivery, among others.
Regional Agglomeration seeks to enhance
the ability of existing built-up areas/ Connectivity
settlements to absorb as much growth
as possible in order to increase the scale Connectivity strategy aims to improve
and efficiency of urban-based production the linkages among settlements and key
services and markets while minimizing production areas by connecting rural
agricultural land conversion. Hence, areas to growth centers or strengthening
the Region will continue to promote urban-rural linkages. This strategy
urbanization and industrialization specifically aims to increase access to
within the growth centers while new and improve the efficiency of markets,
developments will be promoted in the manage growth and development
localities identified as corridors. With the of settlements according to specific
limited land resources, the Region will urban plans and reduce vulnerability
also promote vertical development such during emergency situations by
as development of medium rise buildings, increasing redundancy of transportation
inner city revitalization and renewal routes, communication and other
and infilling. infrastructure facilities.
There will also be concentration of With the projected increase in

employment facilities and services by population, the Region will promote
promoting efficient land-use patterns the development of multi-modal and
such as multiple-use and transit oriented intelligent transport systems and further
development in urban and urbanizing develop the internal and external linkages
areas, providing and improving physical to other Regions to increase efficiency
and regulatory support for industry and and support a competitive regional
other businesses to thrive, and developing economy. Thus, major interconnectivity
accessible and dense residential areas projects will be pursued to strengthen
that will provide opportunities for linkage with Luzon and Visayas Regions.
residents to work closer to home. An efficient and reliable multi-modal

public transport together with better Vulnerability Reduction
pedestrians is encouraged especially
in urban centers. Road vehicle density Vulnerability reduction efforts
will be closely monitored to minimize will be integrated with regional
traffic congestion and road usage. agglomeration and connectivity
Diversion and by-pass roads will objectives. CALABARZON will aim to be
also be constructed to ease major a climate resilient region by establishing
chokepoints. Logistics support will also disaster or climate resilient infrastructure
be provided to industry locators as well as and facilities that will reduce the risk
dependable information-communication and negative impacts of disasters to
technology networks. communities. These infrastructure
and utilities include roads, floodways,
Efficient transport and communication dikes, hospitals, schools, government
linkages between urban centers, offices, and electricity, water and
urban-rural areas and rural-rural communication systems which are critical
areas will be pursued through the during calamities. The construction
construction and maintenance of of green buildings and other energy
paved roads, improvement of ports and and resource efficient technologies will
establishment of reliable communication also be promoted. Settlements on high
and high-speed internet networks. risk areas will be avoided or relocated
Furthermore, connectivity between to reduce exposure and damage due
production, settlement and market areas to hazards.
will be improved with the integration
of land use and transport planning in Climate adaptation measures which
local development plans as well as major include the preservation and protection of
programs and projects. watersheds, forests, historical and cultural
sites, as well as environment-friendly
production of goods and services will also
be supported.
Strategic Development Clusters

Since the Region’s first RPFP was In view of these recent developments and
approved in 2006, CALABARZON’s to guide future development of provinces,
population and economic activities cities and municipalities consistent with
have intensified requiring more physical the Region’s long-term vision, growth
resources for settlements development clusters in the first RPFP have been
and production land use to be supported updated or expanded into strategic
by adequate and effiicient infrastructure development clusters.
and utilities development. For instance,
major urban growth clusters in different The criteria for identifying and
provinces, i.e Central Cavite and Western determining the clusters are: contiguity,
Laguna, identified in the previous RPFP commonalities in terms of physical
can now be grouped into one cluster configuration, functional roles, and socio-
given recent inter-connectivity transport economic potentials and constraints. The
projects and heightened economic development clusters are identified to
linkages between provinces. Similarly, guide the desired direction for growth
urban growth centers within provinces given their functional roles to the Region’s
have also expanded or can be planned as and country’s economy.
one metropolitan development (i.e. parts
of Northern Cavite and Central Cavite, SDC 1: Cavite and Laguna Industrial
and Metro Batangas). and Commercial Cluster

Map 4.3 Strategic Development Cluster 1

• Cavite: Bacoor City - Imus City - At present, the large and heavy industries,
Dasmariñas City – Kawit - General which are mostly manufacturing, are
Mariano Alvarez – Carmona – Noveleta concentrated in Calamba City, Santa
- Cavite City – Rosario - General Trias Rosa City, Cabuyao City, Rosario, and
City – Naic –Tanza -Trece Martires City General Trias City. Supporting the heavy
- Tagaytay City - Silang industries are the medium to light
• Laguna: San Pedro City - Binan City industries and service providers on
– Santa Rosa City - Cabuyao City - transport, storage or warehouse, and
Calamba City - Los Baños - Bay communication located in Carmona,
Santa Rosa City and Binan City.
This cluster includes major cities and fast
urbanizing municipalities in Northern and The industrial and commercial
Central Cavite and Western Laguna which cluster also serves as a major entry
will serve as the center for industrial and point to CALABARZON and caters
commercial development in the Region to increasing and diverse population
and will provide the highest level of urban brought in-migration. The level of
services and amenities to its residents. The services, commercial activities, social
two existing regional centers in the cluster, services, research, and administrative
Dasmariñas City in Cavite and Calamba centers will continue to expand and
City in Laguna as well as prominent need to be further improved to serve
emerging growth centers such as Silang the growing population. The highly
and City of Trece Martires in Cavite will developed commercial and industrial
be further developed into livable urban centers will also serve nearby emerging
centers with adequate and well planned growth centers and link rural areas to
residential areas, commercial centers, growth and market centers. Los Baños
recreational areas, and host to industries and Indang, Cavite shall continuously
providing employment to residents in be promoted as tertiary education and
the area. The quality and efficiency of research centers, given the presence of the
government services need to be ensured University of the Philippines Los Baños,
and must be able to provide a conducive Cavite State University, the International
environment for investments and growth Rice Research Institute, the Philippine
to cater to the needs of its high population. Council for Agriculture Resource and
Research Development, the Southeast
In particular, Tagaytay City’s growth Asian Regional Center for Graduate
will be managed to ensure that it will Study and Research in Agriculture,
be within its carrying capacity and Ecosystems Research and Development
unobstructed views of Taal Lake and the Bureau, Southern Tagalog Agriculture,
integrity of the ridge facing Taal Lake at Aquatic and Resources Research and
risk are not compromised. To achieve this, Development and Extension Consortium
reforestation activities, proper zoning, and the ASEAN Center for Biodiversity.
including land and water management
practices need to be implemented. Due to On land transport, the cluster is well
Tagaytay’s location, it has attracted high- connected to Metro Manila through
end residential subdivisions and rapid the South Luzon Expressway. The new
commercialization. Development will Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) has made
have to be controlled in such a way that travel faster between Manila (Pasay City)
there is adequate and affordable housing and Bacoor City and Kawit in Cavite.
for locals and maintenance of the city’s The opening of the Muntinlupa Cavite
public buildings and facilities such as Expressway (MCX) also improved
markets, plazas, and the like. Research the connection between San Pedro
on the carrying capacity of Tagaytay City City in Laguna, Bacoor City in Cavite
needs to be undertaken to have a sound and Southern part of Metro Manila
basis in its development. (Muntinlupa City and Las Pinas City).

There are also main thoroughfares in on prime agricultural land and protected
Cavite and Laguna province connecting areas. Critical ecosystems such as Mount
adjacent cities and municipalities. Makiling, major water bodies like the Imus
However, heavy traffic congestion has River and Laguna Lake as well as coastal
been building up due to increasing areas will be protected to ensure their
number of residents, private vehicles, ecological integrity while providing
trucks, and other large vehicles. This calls livelihood and recreation. Responsible
for high capacity and quality transport tourism will also be continuously
infrastructure and facilities to ensure promoted in key areas in the cluster which
efficient movement of people and goods. have cultural and ecological significance.
The completion of the Cavite-Laguna
(CALA) Expressway Project connecting Due to the presence of multiple hazards
CAVITEX and SLEX would reduce including active fault lines in the cluster
traffic congestion in Governor’s Drive, and vulnerability of a high number
Aguinaldo Highway and Sta. Rosa- of population, disaster mitigating
Tagaytay Road, provide better connectivity measures will be adopted, in particular,
for economic zones in Northern Cavite ensuring that critical infrastructure and
and Western Laguna and boost the overall government facilities are disaster resilient
competitiveness of CALABARZON as an and that building standards are followed.
investment destination.
SDC 2: Metro Batangas Cluster
The revival of the North-South Railway
project will also greatly improve mobility Santo Tomas - Tanauan City – Malvar
in the cluster as well as access to Metro - Lipa City - San Jose – Ibaan -
Manila. A spur line to Cavite has also been Batangas City - San Pascual – Bauan –
proposed. An alternative thoroughfare Mabini - Tingloy
in the western side of Laguna (Laguna
Expressway, Calamba City-Los Baños This Metro Batangas cluster covers
Bypass Road) can also improve transport Batangas City, Lipa City, Tanauan City
and ease traffic congestion already as well as urbanized municipalities and
experienced in the area. Further, the emerging growth centers of Santo Tomas,
Northern Cavite area, in particular Cavite Malvar, San Jose, Ibaan, San Pascual,
City has been proposed as alternative Bauan, and Mabini. The existing heavy
airport to the already congested Manila and large industries such as
International Airport. However, the petrochemicals, ship building and ship
establishment of a regional airport may repair, and processing located in Batangas
be constrained by the available land City will be modernized and expanded
and air space, and close proximity to to nearby coastal municipalities of San
residential areas. Pascual, Bauan, and Mabini to take
advantage of the Batangas Port. The
Prime agricultural lands will be preserved industrial area of existing manufacturing
to serve as buffer zones and open spaces economic zones in Tanauan City, Santo
between and among industrial estates/ Tomas and Malvar will be fully maximized
parks, residential and commercial areas. as part of the Region’s core industrial
Thus the present industrial space will be corridor which spans the western side of
fully maximized and plans for industrial Laguna and central Cavite.
expansion shall be studied carefully
including the selection of sites and types of Complementing the heavy industries in
industries to be established to ensure that the northern and southern area are light
productive croplands and fishing grounds and service oriented industries in Lipa
will be preserved. Mixed use and medium- City. While Batangas City serves as the
rise development will also be promoted to industrial and current administrative
avoid land conversion and encroachment center, Lipa City’s central location gives


it an advantage as a service, institutional, SDC 3: Western Cavite and Batangas
and commercial center of the cluster Agriculture and Tourism Cluster
to reach most of the municipalities in
Batangas province. • Cavite: Ternate – Maragondon –
Magallanes – Alfonso – Amadeo
With the entry of large industries, higher – Indang - Mendez – General
in-migration and population growth are Emilio Aguinaldo
expected which will further expand trade, • Batangas: Nasugbu – Lian – Calatagan
commerce, and services in the cluster. – Tuy – Balayan – Calaca – Lemery –
Thus, residential areas need to be well Taal - San Luis
planned and integrated with commercial,
recreational, and industrial areas. Higher This cluster is composed of the upland
level of institutional services on tertiary and coastal municipalities of Cavite
education, research, and health primarily and Batangas whose main economic
provided by Batangas State University and activities are agriculture and services.
the St. Cabrini Medical Tourism Park will The agricultural production in this area
also be further developed to cater to the will supply the agricultural needs of
needs of the metropolitan population as the urban areas of Cavite and Batangas.
well as nearby towns. The cluster shall be the producer of rice,
corn, vegetables, coffee, and sugarcane
The Metro Batangas’ main transport as well as fish from both coastal and
backbone is the Apolinario Mabini inland fishing. The development of the
Superhighway (AMS) formerly known agricultural sector in the cluster would
as the STAR Tollway. To ensure smooth require the improvement of secondary
travel throughout the expressway, the and farm-to-market roads, adoption
two-lane bridges need to be expanded of modern farming technology and
into four lanes. There is also a need practices, as well as improving the
for better traffic management, road quality, packaging and marketing of
expansion or bypass roads to ease products. The municipality of Indang
congestion within the central business will serve as the agricultural research and
areas of Batangas City and Lipa City. development center of the cluster given
the presence of the Cavite State University
Agricultural, poultry and fishery which will support the advancement of
production in some areas of the cluster farming for high value crops (coffee), rice,
will also be continued as this caters to corn and promote horticulture.
demand not only in the province but even
in the region and Metro Manila. The natural environment (beach and
mountain), agricultural as well as cultural
Protection of marine and coastal resources will be the base for tourism
resources will also be ensured in key activities in the cluster. The municipalities
marine biodiversity and tourism areas of Nasugbu, Lian, and Calatagan are
such as Anilao in Mabini, Tingloy and coastal municipalities with stretches of
Verde Island Passage in Batangas City. beaches while the rich forests of Mounts
The Verde Island Passage is proposed as a Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected
strict protection zone that should be used Landscape (MPPMNGPL) spans from
for ecotourism purposes only. Ternate and Maragondon in Cavite to
Nasugbu in Batangas. At present, the
Ecotourism and cultural tourism will MPPMNGPL is closed for rehabilitation
also be continuously pursued in key brought about by the high influx of hikers
areas in the cluster such as Mabini and and for the Protected Area Management
Tanauan City. Board to put in place better regulations.
Cultural promotion and development will
also be strengthened in the municipalities


of Taal and Agoncillo which have a rich proximity to Lipa City also makes it a
history and preserved cultural assets, natural urban development expansion
such as old churches and museums, and path of the city. For higher level of services
sustained local festivities. and economic opportunities, this cluster
will relate to the Metro Batangas area.
Considering the ridge to reef approach and
DRRM and CCA concerns, developments SDC 5: Laguna Lakeshore and
in the area will be subjected to strict Banahaw Cluster
environmental safeguards and monitoring
as the upland, protected, and coastal areas • Laguna: Alaminos – Calauan – Victoria
can affect the quality of groundwater and – Pila – Santa Cruz – Pagsanjan –
the lake water on downstream areas in Cavinti –Lumban – Kalayaan – Paete
Cavite, along Metro Manila, and other – Pakil – Pangil – Rizal – Nagcarlan –
towns surrounding Taal Lake. Liliw – Magdalena – Majayjay - Luisiana
• Quezon: Lucban
SDC 4: Batangas Agri-based and
Tourism Cluster This area is composed of municipalities
in the western side of Laguna along the
Taysan – Lobo – Rosario - Padre Garcia coast of Laguna de Bay and other upland
- San Juan municipalities of Rizal, Nagcarlan, Liliw,
and Majayjay in Laguna and Lucban in
This cluster is composed of predominantly Quezon whose main economic activities
rural municipalities in the eastern side of are agriculture and fishery. The area will
Batangas. Economic activities in these be developed as a food basket, eco-
areas are mostly on livestock, fishing, and agri-tourism destination in
and agriculture. The municipalities of CALABARZON. Focus shall be given
Padre Garcia and Taysan in Batangas are on the production of lowland rice,
livestock and poultry producers known vegetables, plant and orchid nurseries,
for their animal auction markets. The and fruit and forest trees. Agro-forestry
existing livestock and poultry production shall be encouraged at the foot of
in the area shall be sustained with due Mt. Banahaw.
regard to the environment to meet the
demand in the urban areas of Batangas, Ecotourism activities shall be promoted
other provinces in the Region and even in in the areas of Pagsanjan-Lumban-
Metro Manila. Kalayaan and Paete-Pakil-Pangil. Tourism
activities will be strongly linked with local
Meanwhile, the municipalities of Lobo industries such as handicrafts and
and San Juan are coastal municipalities furniture, shoemaking and local
which rely on fishing and also have delicacies, among others. Eco- and agri-
beautiful beaches, mangrove areas, rich tourism will also be strongly promoted
marine life and other natural tourist in the areas of Rizal, Nagcarlan, Liliw,
destinations which attract visitors Majayjay, and Lucban. To sustain and
from Metro Manila and those from the maximize the gains of tourism, the quality,
Region. To preserve these natural value and promotion of tourism products
endowments and sustain tourism based and experiences will be enhanced through
activities, environmental protection, strong collaboration between local
proper zoning and delineation shall be government units and relevant agencies
implemented especially in coastal, marine and the academe.
and upland areas.
Development of the lakeshore areas
Being at the center of the sub-cluster, the will be managed in such a way that it
municipality of Rosario will continue will prevent further pollution of Laguna
to be developed as the hub of economic de Bay. There will be strict enforcement
activities and services in the cluster. Its of pollution control standards on effluents


discharges to the lake and its tributaries. SDC 6: Laguna-Quezon Agri-Industrial
Proper zoning and adequate buffer zones Cluster
will be observed and prime agricultural
lands adjacent to the shore shall • Laguna: San Pablo City
be maintained. • Quezon: Dolores - Tiaong – San Antonio
– Candelaria –Sariaya – Tayabas City -
For municipalities of Laguna in the Lucena City - Pagbilao
cluster, the center of economic activities
and institutional services will be the This growth cluster, which starts from
Municipality of Santa Cruz which is the San Pablo City in Laguna and ends at
seat of the provincial government of Pagbilao in Quezon, will sustain its two
Laguna. To make government services main economic centers of San Pablo
more accessible to the eastern side of City and Lucena City. San Pablo City
Laguna and Northern part of Quezon, will sustain its inland trading, coconut-
government offices are encouraged to based processing center and institutional
put up satellite offices in Santa Cruz. functions. The city’s development is vital
A business friendly environment will to the continuous viability of the largely
also be enhanced to support the growth homogenous inland coconut and upland
of medium to large enterprises. The farming communities surrounding it.
province’s state univversity, Laguna State Hence, San Pablo City will broaden its
Polytechnic University, will provide agricultural input function in the coconut
free and quality higher and technical industry and the expansion of the coconut
vocational education. by-product processing to more high
value and high demand products such
Lucban will also serve as a center for as coconut sugar and virgin coconut
economic activities and provide higher oil. This will be done through improved
level services such as trade and financing infrastructure, human resource skills
to nearby municipalities of Majayjay and development and increased investments
Luisiana in Laguna. With the presence in industry.
of the Southern Luzon State University’s
main campus in Lucban and its study The development of Lucena City,
center in the foothills of Mt. Banahaw, which is the only Highly Urbanized
quality and free tertiary education will City (HUC) in the Region and part of
be made accessible. In addition, scientific the sub-cluster, is crucial and strategic
and policy researches for the management to foster the development of Bondoc
of Mt. Banahaw will be facilitated by Peninsula in Quezon Province, the two
the university. provinces of Marinduque and Romblon
in MIMAROPA Region, and even some
Linkage between this cluster and the municipalities in Northern Bicol. The city
Western Laguna Industrial cluster will presently performs trading, commercial,
be ensured through the maintenance of educational, institutional functions as well
east-west lateral roads. Farm-to-market as a coconut-based industrial processing
roads will also be constructed to facilitate center. These functions will be enhanced
transport of high value and abundant by strengthening the city’s linkages with
produce to the market or city centers in the aforementioned island provinces of
areas wherein road transport is difficult MIMAROPA, Bondoc Peninsula and
or still lacking. Within town centers, other parts of Quezon, as its major source
traffic can be eased by removing road of raw materials and agricultural products.
obstructions and widening some sections,
if necessary. The city’s development will need to be
supported by wide range of interventions
on improving the city’s infrastructure,
upgrading of processing facilities,
comprehensive land use planning,

effective land management, increasing • Laguna: Famy –Siniloan – Mabitac -
investments in industry and commercial Santa Maria
development and human resource
skills development. In particular, the The Infanta-Mauban-Famy growth
development of the cluster will also triangle is an emerging growth
depend on the construction and center presenting viable economic
completion of several critical transport opportunities in the eastern portion of
projects such as by-pass roads (Lipa CALABARZON. Siniloan in Laguna
City-Alaminos-San Pablo City By-Pass, and Infanta in Quezon will continue to
Candelaria By-Pass, and the Sariaya perform their role as centers of economic
By-Pass), rehabilitation of the PNR activity. In particular, Siniloan will
rail transit system and the extension serve as a trade and service center for
of the South Luzon Expressway. As agriculture with the improvement and
an HUC, adequate housing, basic and upgrading of its processing and storage
social services, and commercial areas facilities. Due to its location, Siniloan
need to be developed for its high and serves as a trading hub and gateway to
increasing population. Quezon’s eastern municipalities which
are Real and Infanta. This poses an
Pagbilao and the municipalities in between opportunity for more enterprises and
San Pablo City and Lucena City shall medium-sized businesses to start or
be developed as urban expansion areas. expand to be facilitated by enabling
Tiaong, Candelaria, and Sariaya are also policies from the national and local
identified as areas for the establishment government. Siniloan will also provide
of economic zones to create employment economic, health and education services
and spur development in lagging areas to serve Mabitac and Santa Maria
of the Region. Industrialization can also in Laguna.
create a continuous and complementary
urban development corridor in Due to its location along the eastern
the cluster. Pacific coast and the availability of land,
its potential for port development or
Thus, these municipalities need to identify expansion, and the establishment of
and set aside areas for settlements, economic zones in Mauban and Infanta
industrial, commercial and recreational are supported. The establishment of
development. On economic activities, ecozones will also accelerate development
small, medium and community level in adjacent municipalities in the eastern
agricultural-based enterprises will be portion of the Region. Lands set aside
supported by government. Eco- and agri- for agriculture and fishing grounds will
tourism activities will also be sustained also be conserved and production will be
and promoted in destinations such as San increased through adoption of modern
Pablo City’s seven crater lakes, Mount farming practices, inputs, and equipment.
Banahaw and organic agricultural resort
farms, among others. Protected areas Only light to medium industries with
such as Mount Banahaw and Mount San appropriate environmental safeguards
Cristobal and the Iyam-Dumacaa Rivers are encouraged in the cluster as
will be conserved such that any allowable tourism activities featuring the natural
economic activities will not negatively environment – beaches, forest, and
affect environmental quality. waterfalls, will be further developed in
the areas of Real, Infanta and Mauban.
SDC 7: Infanta-Mauban-Famy Real and Infanta together with General
Growth Triangle Nakar will also be developed into one
tourism cluster with interconnected
• Quezon: Infanta – Real – tourism circuits. Eventually, this will be
Mauban – Sampaloc connected with another nearby tourism


cluster which is the Polillo Group to identify a “town” product which they
of Islands. can produce and sell for a higher value
to other markets in CALABARZON or
Crucial to the development of the to other regions. Aside from coconut,
area is the complete rehabilitation of municipalities can also look into planting
the Marikina-Infanta Road and the high value crops, vegetables and fruits.
improvement of Real port. The said port The case of Alabat provides a good
shall form part of the planned Eastern example of how processing of agricultural
Nautical Highway that will facilitate the inputs to more high value products
movement of goods and services to and (i.e. coconut sugar or “coco sugar”) and
from Dingalan Port in Aurora Province planting high value crops such as cacao
of Region III, various ports in the Bicol and its by-products, calamansi and honey
Region, and the Polillo Group of Islands. for a target market can improve the local
economy and welfare of citizens who
SDC 8: Central Quezon relied on traditional agricultural and
Processing Center fishery activities before.
Atimonan – Plaridel – Gumaca - Padre Following the centers, corridors, and

Burgos – Agdangan – Unisan – Pitogo - wedges approach, this cluster as a
Perez – Alabat - Quezon wedge area will also be developed for
agri-tourism and ecotourism and prime
This cluster is composed of the agricultural area will be maintained
municipalities of Atimonan, as part of the food base of the Region.
Plaridel, Gumaca, Padre Burgos, Protected and forest areas such as the
Agdangan, Unisan, Pitogo and the Quezon National Park will also be
island municipalities of Perez, Alabat, conserved and sustainably developed for
and Quezon. With the exception of forest products to be planted, harvested,
Plaridel, Gumaca, and Alabat, all the processed, i.e. Quezon Province’s Herb
municipalities in this area have poverty Pavilion in Atimonan.
incidence higher than the national
average ranging from 21.6 percent to To improve the economy in the cluster
37.7 percent based on the 2012 Poverty and to provide more employment, the
Small Area Estimate of PSA. Among establishment of an economic zone in
the municipalities, only the municipality Atimonan will be pursued. With the
of Atimonan and Gumaca are classified as rehabilitation of the Atimonan Port, the
first income class while the rest are fourth municipality will be further developed
and fifth class municipalities. Agriculture to serve as rural service center to serve
and fishery production are the prominent Padre Burgos, Agdangan, Alabat, Perez
economic activities in the cluster. and Quezon. Gumaca will also continue
to serve as rural service center catering to
The development of this cluster requires Unisan, Pitogo and Plaridel.
implementing interventions to adequately
respond to the major and fundamental SDC 9: Southern Quezon Institutional
determinants of poverty such as poor Cluster
infrastructure, peace and order and land
ownership. A convergence approach in Macalelon – Lopez - General Luna –
the delivery of basic and social services Catanauan – Mulanay - San Francisco -
shall be adopted as a major strategy to San Andres - San Narciso – Buenavista –
address poverty in the cluster. Guinyangan – Calauag - Tagkawayan
Agriculture and fishery production also This cluster is composed of the remaining
needs to be modernized in the area. municipalities in the Bondoc Peninsula
Based on their available natural resources, which is mostly impoverished with high
municipalities in the area are encouraged poverty incidence, limited economic


activities and beset with peace and be processed and supplied to adjacent
order problems. Except for Lopez and clusters. Other economic activities such
Catanauan, all the other municipalities as tourism, can also be developed to
are low income class. Traditional provide other livelihood. For areas
agriculture and fishery are the main adjacent to Bicol, a cluster approach
economic activities. to planning will be adopted to
comprehensively plan out development
The cluster’s role on food production will in these areas, pool resources and create
be supported through the construction bigger economies or markets to maximize
of strategic farm to market roads, the area’s role as a possible transport hub
provision of modern farming equipment, connecting the two regions.
introduction of best farm practices and
inputs. Government services will be made SDC 10: Polillo Island Cluster
accessible to these remote areas by setting
up satellite or field offices to improve Panukulan – Burdeos – Polillo -
human capital development. Government’s Patnanungan – Jomalig
presence will be strengthened to ensure
peace and order. Utilities such as power, The Polillo group of Islands (POGI)
water and communications especially in is composed of the following five
far flung communities will be established municipalities: Panukulan, Burdeos,
and maintained. Polillo, Patnanungan and Jomalig.
These municipalities have high poverty
Within the cluster, existing and emerging incidence and are mostly undeveloped
rural service centers providing higher as they are difficult to reach. Critical
level services will be developed through to the development of this cluster is
government infrastructure while private the construction and improvement of
sector will be encourgaed to set-up infrastructure, in particular roads and
micro, small and medium enterprises. ports and ensuring adequate power and
Lopez will be further developed as the water supply and reliable communication
center for commerce and trade as well as facilities. Services on health and
a center for higher education, research education will also be improved and
and development through the Philippine made accessible for the local
Normal University and Polytechnic communities and as support to
University of the Philippines. Being economic activities such as tourism.
identified as provincial centers Lopez, The improvement of ports in Real
Catanauan, Calauag and Mulanay will and Infanta and other water transport
be extending the services coverage facilities connecting to POGI will also
to adjacent LGUs. Lopez will serve be crucial to the development of the
Macalelon and General Luna, Catanauan islands as this will improve trade
will serve Buenavista, Calauag will serve and tourism.
Buenavista, while Mulanay will serve San
Francisco, San Andres and San Narciso. Polillo will be developed as the center of
The linkage between Lopez and Calauag economic activities in this cluster aside
and the municipality of Quezon will from being a major fishing base. All the
be strengthened through more reliable municipalities have a good potential for
and efficient water transport and the ecotourism. Thus, policies and programs
construction of a bridge. to attract investments in ecotourism
businesses and facilities that meet
The development of the cluster will national and international standards
require improving its physical and will be put in place. A cluster approach
economic linkage with the rest of the to tourism will also be pursued by
Quezon province and Bicol Region. developing and promoting an array
This cluster’s agricultural products can of tourism circuits throughout the

cluster. Environmental protection and to flooding.
conservation measures will be strictly
enforced to sustain tourism, fishing and With the increasing population of
other economic activities in the cluster. Rizal Province, there is an increasing
demand for land and competing uses
Fishing and agriculture will be on residential, commercial, industrial
modernized through the provision and production. Thus, the following
of post-harvest facilities such as cold strategies must be adopted in this urban
storage equipment. Food supply in the cluster as well as other urban clusters
group of islands will also be increased in the Region: a) establishment and
by allotting areas for food production transformation of existing settlements
and adoption of sustainable and climate into mixed-use development and
change resilient farming practices. Being multi-use communities with higher
highly susceptible to different hazards, density for residential, commercial and
disaster and climate change mitigating retail uses; b) full utilizion of existing
and adaptation measures need to be industrial space; c) establishment of light
implemented to reduce impacts to natural to medium industries such as ICT and
ecosystems and local communities. BPO related industries that can provide
employment to the rapidly increasing
SDC 11: Metro Rizal Industrial and population; d) strategic development
Commercial Cluster of “new towns”, infrastructure and
utilities using proper construction,
Rodriguez - San Mateo - Antipolo City – slope management and energy efficient
Cainta – Taytay – Angono - Binangonan technology; e) rehabilitation or renewal
of areas that already showed signs of
The Metro Rizal Industrial and urban blight; f) development of
Commercial Cluster is composed of six areas showing significant potential;
highly urbanized municipalities namely, and g) development of efficient and
Cainta, Taytay, Angono, Binangonan, interconnected mass transport systems
San Mateo, and Rodriguez, and Antipolo within the cluster connecting to
City which all belong to Rizal Province. Metro Manila.
These municipalities are characterized
by high population growth rates and The following major road infrastructure
income levels. Given their proximity to projects can improve the mobility and
Metro Manila, these localities are suitable support further development in the
sites for housing and resettlement. cluster: 1) MRT 2 extension (Santolan-
Given its attraction as a settlement site, Masinag); 2) MRT 8; 3) Mass Transit
measures will be undertaken to stop System from Taytay to Binangonan;
encroachment of protected areas in the and 4) Construction of Metro Manila
municipalities of Rodriguez and San Expressway (C6). The Rizal Lakeshore
Mateo and Antipolo City. Adequate Coastal Road also needs to be prioritized
protection and conservation measures to serve as buffer to low-lying areas along
will be put in place by both national and the lake.
local government in protected areas as
well as in Ancestral Domain Areas in Antipolo City as the regional center will
Rodriguez, San Mateo and Antipolo City. continue to be the center of this cluster
On disaster risk reduction, mitigating providing highest level of services to
and adaptive measures will be serve the other six municipalities as well
implemented in Tanay, Rodriguez and as other municipalities in Rizal province.
San Mateo which are highly susceptible Sites for recreation, tourism and cultural
to rain induced landslide and in Taytay, promotion will also be developed in the
Angono and Binangonan which have cluster to take advantage of its proximity
low-lying areas which are susceptible to Metro Manila.




SDC 12: Rizal-Quezon Protection of agricultural products and commercial
Cluster goods. However, the connecting roads
from both General Nakar and Aurora also
• Rizal : Tanay – Teresa – Cardona – need to be constructed and completed.
Morong – Baras – Pililla - Jala-jala,
parts of the municipality of Rodriguez, Special Development Areas
San Mateo and Antipolo City
• Quezon : General Nakar Laguna Lake Cluster
This resource-based cluster is composed • All LGUs of Laguna and Rizal

of a group of municipalities in Rizal • Cavite: Carmona, General Mariano
(Tanay, Teresa, Cardona, Morong, Baras, Alvarez, Silang, Tagaytay City
Pililla, Jala-jala) and General Nakar in • Batangas: Santo Tomas, City of
Quezon. Parts of the municipality of Tanauan, Malvar
Rodriguez, San Mateo and Antipolo City • Quezon : Lucban
will also be included in the cluster since it
shares a contiguous mountain range with The Laguna Lake and its surrounding
General Nakar. Owing to the ecological lands covering several municipalities
sensitivity of the cluster and the need to and cities are of vital importance to the
preserve biodiversity, its development development of the Region because of
shall be carefully planned. Protected the many communities which rely on it
areas and those with high ecological for livelihood. Laguna Lake divides 61
value in General Nakar, Tanay and LGUs composed of 43 municipalities and
Rodriguez will be conserved. Policies, 18 cities with an estimated population of
programs and projects shall be six million. This area suffers deteriorating
implemented for the protection and water quality, pollution, illegal structures
promotion of the Indigenous Peoples, along the lakeshore, flooding and
as well as for the sustainable and equitable overfishing, among others.
development of their ancestral domains.
Waterfront urban developments is
Resource-based enterprises utilizing proposed for the areas surrounding
natural products and the natural Laguna Lake with a mixed use approach
environment, i.e. eco-tourism, will that includes housing, commerce,
be pursued. Fisherfolks and farmers trade, tourism and other urban land
will also be supported as fishery and uses. This will be achieved through
agriculture are the main economic comprehensive and collaborative
activities in the area. Highly pollutive planning between concerned LGUs and
industries will be discouraged and light the Laguna Lake Development Authority
to medium enterprises with the on the rehabilitation and protection of
appropriate environmental protection Laguna de Bay Region. To realize this,
and pollution mitigating measures can illegal structures along the lakeshore
be established. This cluster will also and in the lake itself shall be removed,
relate to Antipolo City in Rizal and Real prime agriculture lands adjacent to the
and Infanta in Quezon for higher level lakeshore shall be maintained, and
services. Thus, the completion of reforestation of the watershed should be
the Marikina-Infanta Road and the intensified, among others.
improvement of the Real port also
play a crucial role in this cluster. Ecotourism with the appropriate
CALABARZON is directly linked to environmental protection measures will
Central Luzon through the Umiray also be pursued. Because of the declining
Bridge which connects the municipalities water quality and due to ecological
of General Nakar in Quezon Province reasons, the use of urban lands along
and Dingalan in Aurora Province. This the lakeshore shall be rationalized and
will improve the inter-Region mobility
Map 4.15 Laguna Lake Cluster

industrial development or expansion will Taal Lake Cluster
be discouraged. The lake can also serve
as a hydro-technology production zone Talisay - Tanauan City – Balete – Malvar
where certain areas will be reserved for - Lipa City – Mataasnakahoy – Cuenca
innovative lake water treatment that will – Alitagtag - Santa Teresita – Taal - San
produce potable water to surrounding Nicolas - Agoncillo – Lemery – Laurel
LGUs. Fishing and aquaculture activities
will be strictly regulated to ensure Taal Lake consists of lakeshore
equitable economic opportunities and communities in 14 LGUs in Batangas
to rehabilitate the lake. Monitoring and which are Talisay, Tanauan City, Balete,
enforcement of penalties on domestic, Malvar, Lipa City, Mataasnakahoy,
agricultural and industrial waste Cuenca, Alitagtag, Santa Teresita, Taal,
pollution will also be strictly enforced. San Nicolas, Agoncillo, Lemery and
Laurel. This delineation is based on
On connectivity, Laguna Lake will be hydrological consideration, significant
developed as Metropolitan Manila’s local economic activities anchored
Gateway to CALABARZON. The on the lake and with emphasis on the
lake is proposed to become a water management of Taal Lake.
transport corridor to link the west to
the east and the north to the south parts The TVPL will continue to serve as the
of CALABARZON. Water transport agriculture, fishery and ecotourism and
will be developed as an alternate mode leisure zone to stimulate the development
of transportation. This requires the of a sustainable lakeside communities.
dredging of navigable routes, putting up Being highly susceptible to volcanic
of necessary infrastructure such as ferry hazards, communities surrounding
stations and connection to the main Taal Lake must put in place appropriate
routes. The proposed Laguna Lakeshore mitigation and preparedness measures
Expressway Dike which aims to facilitate such as establishment of comprehensive
traffic flow and mitigate flooding along preparedness, warning and evacuation
lakeshore communities will also be plan, improvement of early warning alert
further studied to serve as an alternate system, retrofitting of existing buildings
route to improve connectivity in the and construct new building that are
Region. At present, there is an on-going disaster resilient, and enforcement of legal
feasibility study on the proposed Laguna easement along lakes and riverbanks.
Lakeshore Road Network Project which
spans from Bicutan, Taguig City to Los
Baños, Laguna.
Regional Physical Framework

Plan 2017- 2046
The Regional Physical Framework The Plan will serve as a guide for
Plan 2017 to 2046 provides the general long-term policy directions and reference
direction in the use of the land for in identifying strategic programs to
settlement, production, protection and promote a balanced and integrated
infrastructure. This physical plan is approach in harnessing the potential of
crafted using land as the limited resource the land and all its physical endowments.
to realize the vision of CALABARZON
as a Region with vibrant economic The four policy areas of the physical
diversity and vitality inhabited with framework plan are the following:
God-fearing people living in progressive
and well-planned town clusters.

Map 4.16 Taal Lake Cluster

Settlements are areas where there will be no life on earth. For example,
concentrations of population engage in the trees give us oxygen to breathe and
economic, political, cultural and other absorb rain water to prevent flooding.
social activities. Settlements are basically spaces for living
while production areas are spaces for
Production areas are capable of sustaining making a living. To link settlements and
intensive and multiple uses primarily production areas, we need transport
geared to the production of food and cash network while infrastructures and
crops or the extraction of commodities utilities are both needed in settlements
for their economic value. and production areas. Managing both the
unbuilt and built environment requires
Protection areas are those that need to be good governance.
protected because of their special values
which includes NIPAS and non-NIPAS Among the policy areas, settlement
areas, areas prone to natural hazards, creates the greatest impact. Once land is
environmentally-critical areas, tourism used for settlement, it is almost impossible
areas and Strategic Agriculture and to convert it to other uses. Hence, the
Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZs). identification of areas for settlements
has to be carefully studied. Areas for
Infrastructure and utilities development settlement must be free from natural
encompasses the provision of basic hazards as much as possible to ensure the
services that will provide economic safety of the people.
and other forms of integration as well
as the development of an efficient, Settlements are referred to as built-up
responsive, safe, and ecologically friendly areas in land cover maps and in these
built environment. areas we find residential, commercial,
industrial, and institutional areas.
Figure 4.1 highlights where the four policy Existing built-up areas are usually near
areas are integrated into the unbuilt and major highways as infrastructure is built
built environments. The protected areas where there is greater demand. While
are our life support system and without it, settlements take up the least space in the
Figure 4.1 The Four Policy Areas of the Physical Framework Plan

Map 4.17 Regional Physical Framework Plan of CALABARZON 2017-2046

Region, they extract the most from the The regional agglomeration strategy
environment and generate waste. together with vertical and mixed-use
development of building structures
With the fast-growing population, the should be able to accommodate
demand for settlement is expected to people and businesses in regional and
increase. And coupled with the increase in sub-regional centers.
settlement is the demand for food, water,
transportation, and energy, among others. Preferred bias to protection and
This increases the pressure for the land conservation areas
to produce more, hence the conversion
to more production land. However, the Sustainable development warrants that
increased demand for water and clean the environment will be protected for the
air requires for the protection land to future generation to allow them to enjoy
be preserved. what the present generation enjoys from
the environment. As every product comes
There will always be change in the way from the environment, environmental
land is used. As land comes into the hands protection and conservation are of utmost
of the private individuals, the use of the importance. Hence, decision on conflicts
land becomes more difficult to control. between any other types of land against
Hence, the government must step in to protection lands should favor the latter.
ensure that the needs of the people are This will address sustainability, DRR and
met without compromising the needs of climate change concerns.
the future. Therefore, spatial planning is
critical at all levels of government. At the Prevent production activities from
regional level, the RPFP looks into finding encroaching designated protection areas
the best use of the land to meet the needs
of the people today as well as the future. Protection areas are intended for minimal
development or as “no touch” areas
With the competing uses for the land, it due to their critical role as life support.
is inevitable that there will be conflicts on Production areas are usually closer in
land use. Aside from this conflict between terms of distance to protection areas. To
settlements and production lands, prevent encroachment to protection areas,
informal settlements and production buffer zones between production and
activities within protection lands should protection areas should be established.
be resolved.
Ensure restriction and relocation
The following general spatial policies policies, and mitigating measures in
are recommended to help resolve land vulnerable areas
use conflicts:
There are existing prohibitions provided
Restrict the use of prime agricultural by law that must be followed for safety
land for subdivision projects purposes such as on Taal Volcano,
easements on mountains and water
The natural tendency is for settlement to bodies, among others. Five-meter on both
expand into production land. This cannot sides of a fault line restricted zone should
be avoided but the prime agricultural be established. Policy and mitigating
land must be protected from conversion. measures on liquefaction, flooding and
To prevent the conversion of prime tsunami-prone areas should also be
agricultural land, there should be strict established. Relocation of vulnerable
implementation of the guidelines on land households to hazards should be
reclassification and conversion. immediately planned and implemented.

Manage regional centers and of program based on identified gaps are
sub-regional centers needed to manage populated centers.
Carrying capacity of an area can be used
Regular assessment of supply and demand as indicator to alert LGU to impose
for social services and implementation limitation or restriction policies.
Settlements Development
Settlements is one of the four policy areas especially the poor
which constitute the space for living1. • Develop settlements where innovation,
These are areas where concentrations science and technology are vibrant and
of population engage in relatively high used by communities for better living,
economic, political, cultural and other i.e. “smart cities”
social activities. The areas vary from • Preserve the natural and cultural
small agricultural-based villages to large characteristics of settlements and
metropolitan urban centers. develop more green and public
open areas to create a highly
In general, human settlements livable environment
development aims to improve access • Reduce the negative impact of
to housing, education, health care, settlements on the environment by
recreation, transportation and concentrating growth in urban areas
communication, sanitation and other and strictly enforcing environmental
basic utilities and services. Recognizing laws and zoning regulations
the impact of the changing climate to
settlements, the development of human Issues and Concerns
settlements in the Region is also focused
on the attainment of climate-smart and Rapid urbanization and
climate-resilient communities towards settlement issues
the improvement of the social, economic,
and environmental quality of settlements. The development trend of the Region is
moving towards further urbanization as
The settlements component of the RPFP reflected in the increasing proportion of
is a synthesis of the location, scope and urban population from 59.7 percent in
direction of urban growth in the Region 2010 to 66.4 in 2015.
that aims to provide a “blueprint” that
would guide the physical development In terms of provincial urban population,
of CALABARZON. Rizal Province has the highest percentage
of urban population at 92.7 percent,
Overall Goal and Objectives followed by Laguna and Cavite at 71.9
percent and 63.1 percent, respectively. On
Develop well-planned communities the other hand, out of the 142 cities and
that have sufficient infrastructure and municipalities, 29.58 percent or 42 LGUs
utilities, social and economic services and have 50 percent or more of the population
opportunities, and a healthy environment. residing in urban areas.
Objectives: Rapid urbanization has generated several

• Establish a rational distribution of the settlement issues such as wide disparity
Region’s population in the quality of housing structures,
• Identify safe settlement sites congestion, flooding, inefficient solid waste
• Renew blighted areas disposal, environmental degradation and
• Provide decent housing for all pollution, spread of diseases, higher crime
rates, and inadequate basic and social
1
National Framework for Physical Planning
services, among others.
2001-2030

Illegal agricultural land conversion thrust to mainstream DRR-CCA and
urban design in local development plans.
The increase in population brought about
an increase in the demand for settlements Settlements located in
in urban areas where there are access to hazard-prone areas
better jobs and social services but this
resulted to encroachment of settlements The whole Region is exposed to both
into the production areas particularly hydrometeorological and geologic
in agricultural areas. In a span of 30 hazards. The presence of several active
years, from 1988 to 2018 a total of earthquake generators in the Region, such
21,072 hectares of agricultural land were as East Luzon Trench, Manila Trench,
converted for other uses2, excluding Lubang-Verde Island Fault, Lipa Faults
agricultural lands converted without and the Valley Fault System consists of
undergoing the appropriate process or the East Valley Fault and the West Valley
evaluation. The increasing conversion Fault, increases the Region’s susceptibility
of agricultural land without proper land to geologic hazards. The West Valley
evaluation could threaten food security Fault cuts across the highly populated
and could increase vulnerability of the areas of the provinces of Rizal, Laguna,
farmers to displacement. Cavite, and Batangas, making these areas
prone to earthquake-induced landslide,
Majority of informal settlers are living liquefaction, and ground shaking. Around
in vulnerable areas 97.56 percent of the Region’s built-up area
is susceptible to ground shaking while
The influx of people from rural to urban around 26.89 percent and 19.51 percent
areas increased the number of ISFs. is highly susceptible to liquefaction
In 2011, a total of 221,284 ISFs were and earthquake-induced landslide,
recorded in CALABARZON. A great respectively. The built-up areas in the
majority or 85.59 percent of the ISFs Region’s coast are also highly susceptible
are living in danger zones while 11.05 to tsunami (3.09 percent of the Region’s
percent are living in government and built-up area).
privately-owned land. There are also
2,870 ISFs residing in areas earmarked for In terms of population highly susceptible
government infrastructure3. to geologic hazards, around 14,062,989
persons may experience ground shaking
Climate change while around 3,876,041 persons and
2,811,649 persons are at risk due to
With the increasing temperature and liquefaction and earthquake-induced
rainfall brought about by climate change, landslide, respectively. There are also
there is a need for climate-proofing around 445,522 persons at risk to tsunami.
of the settlements through building
climate-smart and resilient infrastructure Localities around Taal Volcano and Mount
and facilities, adopting climate change Banahaw are also susceptible to volcanic
adaptation measures, and preparing local hazard as these volcanoes are classified
shelter plans and flood management by DOST-PHIVOLCS as active. Despite
master plans. There is also a need to being declared as a permanent danger
promote green architecture on buildings zone, 6,803 persons were residing in Taal
and structures to combat the effects of Volcano Island as of 20154. Moreover, an
climate change. This is in line with the estimated 525,626 persons are residing
in barangays susceptible to base surge5.
2
DAR Region IV-A 4
Philippine Statistics Authority, Census of
3
Developing a National Informal Settlements Upgrad-
ing Strategy for the Philippines: Final Report (Table 4. Population, 2015
Informal Settler Families in the Philippines, pp 25) https://
5
2019 Mid-Year Population computed by NEDA
www.hudcc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/ Region IV-A through Participation Rate Method
document/NISUS%20Final%20Report_July2014.pdf using PSA 2015 Census of Population and PSA

The U.S. Geological Survey defined base Settlements Scenario
surge as “a ring-shaped cloud of gas and
suspended solid debris that moves radially Population Projections
outward at high velocity from the base
of a vertical eruption column and can The Region’s population is expected
accompany phreatomagmatic eruptions”. to reach 20,237,760 in 2046. It is
This hazard is considered fatal as it can expected that the trend is still towards
cause incineration, suffocation, abrasion, rapid urbanization.
dynamic pressure impact and burial in hot
volcanic material. Due to possible severe The CALABARZON’s average population
impacts, areas affected by base surge are density is estimated to increase from 870
considered as high-risk areas. persons per square kilometer in 2015 to
1,221 persons per square kilometer in
In terms of hydrometeorological hazard, 2046 with the province of Rizal and Cavite
around 2.01 percent of the Region’s with the highest densities at more than
built-up area is highly susceptible to 3,000 persons per square kilometer.
rain-induced landslide while 13.78
percent is highly susceptible to flooding, Figures 4.2 and 4.3 show the estimated
which could endanger around 1,985,755 population projections of the Region and
persons and 289,300 persons, respectively. the provinces. Cavite is the fastest growing
province having the highest population
For the past ten years, Typhoon Milenyo growth rate of 3.37 percent.
(2006), Typhoon Ondoy (2009) and
Typhoon Glenda (2014) are among Network of Settlements
the strongest natural calamities in the
Region that caused severe damages in The network of settlement is generally
housing sector. Typhoon Milenyo and characterized in terms of population
Typhoon Ondoy affected a total of 1.87 size as well as the roles and functions
million and 2.94 million population, and (i.e. availability of services and facilities)
caused PHP2.11 billion and PHP2.10 of cities and municipalities. In general,
billion of total infrastructure damages there is a positive relationship between
including damages to the housing population size and ubiquity-scale of
sector, respectively. While the damages services7 hence, settlements with larger
brought by Glenda was estimated at populations yield wider scale of activities,
PHP8.88 billion6. and more varied and complex activities
because of greater opportunities for
The impact of natural disasters on division of labor and specialization.
housing and economic development is
serious because it can impede the delivery The Region adopted the typologies of
of social services and economic activities. settlements set by the National Spatial
While the extent of vulnerability varies Strategy, namely: 1) metropolitan
across different housing types, the poorest center; 2) Regional center; 3) sub-
communities suffer the most as they Regional center; 4) provincial center; and
face various protection and recovery 5) local centers.
related problems after disaster events.
Hence, sustainable housing development The Region also used the scalogram
is needed to address the concerns in analysis which is a list of cities and
the increasing urban population and to municipalities ordered from largest to
decrease the vulnerability of population smallest with the presence or absence of
living in informal settlements. specific services, commodities, facilities
and infrastructure. A total of 20 major
Updated 2019 Mid-Year Population Projection
services and key facilities were considered
6
OCD Region IV-A Report 7
National Spatial Strategy

Map 4.18 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility to Flooding

Map 4.19 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility to Rain-Induced Landslide

Map 4.20 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility to Liquefaction

Map 4.21 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility to Earthquake-Induced Landslide

Map 4.22 CALABARZON Built-Up Area with High Susceptibility to Ground Shaking

Map 4.23 Tsunami-Prone CALABARZON Built-Up Area

Table 4.1 CALABARZON Built-up Area and Population Exposed at High Risk Level
to Different Hazard Types, 2015
BU AREA SUSCEPTIBLE SUSCEPTIBLE
HAZARD TYPES % TO TOTAL BU AREA
(IN SQ KM)* POPULATION**
Hydrometeorologic Hazards
Flooding 171.60 13.78 1,985,755
Rain-induced landslide 25.00 2.01 289,300
Geologic Hazards
Liquefaction 334.95 26.89 3,876,041
Earthquake-induced landslide 242.97 19.51 2,811,649
Ground shaking 1,215.26 97.56 14,062,989
Tsunami 38.50 3.09 445,522
Source: DENR-MGB, DOST-PHIVOLCS, NAMRIA
*GIS Generated
Table 4.2 Estimated Population Projections and Population Density, by Province

LAND AREA POPULATION 2046
PROVINCE
(SQ. KM.) 2015 2020 2030 2040 2046 POPDEN
Cavite 1,526.28 3,678,301 3,784,991 4,353,040 4,779,494 4,960,320 3,250

Laguna 1,928.23 3,035,081 3,269,608 3,760,309 4,128,694 4,284,898 2,222
Batangas 3,115.05 2,694,335 2,911,459 3,348,409 3,676,441 3,815,535 1,225
Rizal 1,182.65 2,884,227 3,043,041 3,499,738 3,842,596 3,987,976 3,372
Quezon 8,824.05 2,122,830 2,433,401 2,798,605 3,072,775 3,189,030 361
CALABARZON 16,576.26 14,414,774 15,442,500 17,760,100 19,500,000 20,237,760 1,221
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority 2010 Census Based National, Regional and Provincial Population
Projections (Medium Assumption)
Figure 4.2 CALABARZON Population Projection

25,000,000
20,000,000
POPULATION
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,0 00
-
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2046
YEAR
Figure 4.3 Estimated Population Projection per Province

6,000,000
5,000,000
POPULATION
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2046
YEAR
Cavite Laguna Batangas Rizal Quezon
like higher education institution, Level III as a regional center in the Province
hospitals, subdivisions, shopping centers, of Cavite. Its location makes it as the
communication services and transport Region’s gateway to Metro Manila and
infrastructure. Aside from showing is a catchment area of Metro Manila’s
the degree of access that people have population. Since the start of 2000,
to services and facilities, the scalogram the fast pace of industrialization in the
can serve as a guide in determining and locality generated massive direct and
providing appropriate investments for indirect employment causing influx of
settlements on a hierarchical basis8. migrants from neighboring regions.
Among the 142 cities and Lipa City ranked 9th in terms of
municipalities that comprised population with 332,386 people and also
CALABARZON, Batangas City ranked ranked 2nd in terms of available services
first in terms of the availability of all the and facilities due to its central location
20 identified services and facilities. This that makes it an ideal place for services
is reflective of its role as one of the five and facilities that could also cater to
regional centers of the Region and as an the needs of the adjacent cities and
industrial and administrative center of municipalities. Lipa City is categorized as
Batangas Province. Batangas City hosts a sub-regional center and as corridor that
the Batangas Medical Center, the only would serve as link among other centers
Regional Hospital in CALABARZON, in the Region.
and the Batangas International port that
serve not only the CALABARZON Region Meanwhile, Antipolo City which is also
but also other regions in the Southern categorized as a regional center for the
Philippines as well. Province of Rizal ranked 1st in terms of
population with 776,386 people and 3rd in
Next to Batangas City are Lucena City, terms of availability of 18 of 20 identified
Quezon Province, Lipa City, Batangas services and facilities. Antipolo City shall
Province, and Dasmariñas City, Cavite continue to be the center of Rizal Province
Province with 19 of 20 identified services by serving as the main trade and service
and facilities present. center for the province. It shall likewise
serve as one of the centers for recreation,
Lucena City which is the Region’s lone tourism and culture for CALABARZON
Highly Urbanized City also serves as and Metro Manila with the presence of
a Regional center for the Province of Hinulugang Taktak, the site of National
Quezon. It presently performs trading, Shrine of Our Lady of Peace and Good
commercial, educational, institutional Voyage and the Immaculate Conception
functions as well as a coconut-based Parish. Antipolo City was also hailed
industrial processing center. Lucena the most competitive component city in
City’s base port also serves as a gateway the country.
to MIMAROPA and Bicol Region. Its
development is crucial and strategic Another regional center is Calamba City
to foster the development of Bondoc in Laguna Province which presently
Peninsula in Quezon Province, the two serves as the regional government center.
provinces of Marinduque and Romblon It ranks 3rd in terms of services and
in MIMAROPA Region, and even some facilities and 4th in terms of population.
municipalities in Northern Bicol. Calamba City is part of the Region’s
industrial and commercial cluster which
In terms of 2015 population, Dasmariñas hosts large and heavy industries that
City is ranked second in the region with provide employment opportunities. These
659,019 people hence it is categorized employment opportunities pull people to
8
Operational Guide in Mainstreaming Disaster
migrate in the locality.
Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in
Regional Physical Planning
The five regional centers are distributed location advantage of an area vis-à-vis
among the five provinces to ensure access another, and availability of infrastructure
of population to services being hosted by facilities and utilities to take advantage of
these centers. The regional centers will scale economies.
be further developed into livable urban
centers with adequate and well-planned Generally, localities that specialize in
residential areas, commercial centers, non-agriculture activities and display
recreational areas, and host to industries high population densities, growth rates,
providing employment to residents in and level of urbanization are considered
the area. as good candidates for further urban
growth. The services being offered by
Other cities and municipalities with 18 these localities will be further enhanced
of 20 identified services and facilities and their link to other agricultural areas
are Biñan City, Santa Rosa City, San will be strengthened. The nature and
Pablo City, Bacoor City, Imus City, and scope of urban growth in a locality shall
Taytay, Rizal which are all categorized as be defined by its dominant resource
sub-Regional centers characterized by potentials as well as by its physical and
large settlements that form the market environmental constraints. Among these
catchments of regional centers and that localities include the existing growth
connect to and serve as service centers of centers such as the regional and sub-
smaller provincial and local centers. regional centers.
Meanwhile, there are still a large number Given the possible negative effects of
of cities and municipalities that lack concentrating population in the urban
necessary facilities and services. Around centers i.e. crowding and congestion,
81 percent of cities and municipalities proper settlements planning and
have no tertiary level hospitals, 37 percent management should be in place. To
do not have tertiary schools and 19 avoid prevalence of urban blight and
percent lack residential subdivisions, decays in these growth centers, it is
among others. These cities and essential to resolve existing major
municipalities are classified as local issues and challenges in these areas,
centers which are usually located in which include poor living environment,
far-flung areas of the Region and with insufficient parks and open spaces, poor
high poverty incidence. The Region needs infrastructure and service delivery i.e.
to focus on the development of these schools and hospitals, lack of other
areas to achieve inclusive growth. critical infrastructure i.e. sanitary landfill
and sanitation facilities, among others. It
Table 4.5 presents the projected network is also essential for these urban centers
of settlements in the year 2046 based to have a database of its population, and
on projected increase in population. to regularly review and update their
Sub-Regional centers, which form the CLUPs based on latest population to
market catchment of the Region, will identify areas for improvement. The
almost double from 22 LGUs in 2015 to study of urban carrying capacity in
41 cities and municipalities in 2046. these growth centers is empirical for
better settlements planning. Among the
Urban Centers which growth must be proposed development projects in these
restrained or encouraged areas are construction of decent and
well-spaced vertical low-cost and
In determining areas where growth socialized housing, construction
should be stimulated, Regional economy of green buildings that are energy
and population are among the factors and resource-efficient, integration of
considered. Equal emphasis was given to non-motorized transport i.e. bike lanes,
location factors including proximity to establishment of parks and open spaces,
markets and production areas, relative among others.
Map 4.24 CALABARZON Projected Population Map, 2046

Map 4.25 CALABARZON Projected Population Density Map, 2046

Table 4.3 Distribution of Cities/Municipalities, By Population Size, 2015
PROVINCES 120,000 TO 1,200,000 50,000 TO 120,000 50,000 AND BELOW
Cavite 8 8 7
Laguna 6 6 18
Batangas 5 13 16
Rizal 6 6 2
Quezon 2 15 24
CALABARZON 27 48 67
Source: 2015 Census of Population and Housing
Table 4.4 Summary of Network of Settlements, 2046

NO. OF CENTERS
NETWORK OF SETTLEMENTS
2015 2046
Regional Center 5 5
Sub-Regional Center 22 41
Provincial Center 48 52
Local Center 67 44
Total 142 142
Table 4.5 5-Level Network of Settlements, 2046

CENTERS IN 2015 CENTERS IN 2046
CATEGORIES
(EXISTING) (PROPOSED/PROJECTED)
Metropolitan Centers National Capital Region Cities National Capital Region Cities
(≥1.2 million population)
Regional Centers Antipolo City Antipolo City

(≥120,000-1.2 million Calamba City Calamba City
population) Dasmariñas City Dasmariñas City
Batangas City Batangas City
Lucena City Lucena City
Sub-Regional Centers Cavite (7) Laguna (5) Cavite (12) Laguna (8)
(Minimum 120,000 City of Bacoor Cabuyao City Cavite City Biñan City
Population) City of General Trias City of Biñan Carmona Cabuyao City
City of Imus City of San Pedro City of Bacoor Calauan
General Mariano Alvarez City of Santa Rosa City of Imus Los Baños
Tanza San Pablo City General Mariano Alvarez San Pablo City
Trece Martires City General Trias City San Pedro City
Silang Rizal (5) Kawit Santa Cruz
Binangonan Naic Santa Rosa City
Batangas (4) Cainta Rosario
City of Tanauan Rodriguez Silang Rizal (7)
Lipa City San Mateo Tanza Angono
Nasugbu Taytay Trece Martires City Binangonan
Santo Tomas Cainta
Quezon (1) Batangas (9) Rodriguez
Sariaya Balayan San Mateo
Bauan Tanay
Lemery Taytay
Lipa City
Nasugbu Quezon (5)
Rosario Candelaria
San Juan Lopez
Sto. Tomas Sariaya
Tanauan City Tiaong
Tayabas City
Provincial Centers Cavite (8) Laguna (6) Cavite (6) Laguna (8)
(50,000-120,000 popu- Alfonso Bay Alfonso Alaminos
lation) Cavite City Calauan Amadeo Bay
Carmona Los Baños Indang Liliw
Indang Pila Maragondon Nagcarlan
Kawit Nagcarlan Noveleta Pagsanjan
Naic Santa Cruz (Capital) Tagaytay City Pila
Rosario Siniloan
Tagaytay City Rizal (5) Victoria
Baras
Rizal (6) Cardona
Angono Morong
Baras Pililla
Morong Teresa
Teresa
Pililla
Tanay

CENTERS IN 2015 CENTERS IN 2046
CATEGORIES
(EXISTING) (PROPOSED/PROJECTED)
Batangas (13) Quezon (15) Batangas (17) Quezon (16)
Balayan Atimonan Agoncillo Atimonan
Bauan Calauag Calaca Calauag
Calaca Candelaria Calatagan Catanauan
Calatagan Catanauan Cuenca Guinayangan
Ibaan City of Tayabas Ibaan Gumaca
Lemery Gumaca Laurel Infanta
Lian Infanta Lian Lucban
Malvar Lopez Lobo Mauban
Rosario Lucban Mabini Mulanay
San Jose Mauban Malvar Pagbilao
San Juan Mulanay Padre Garcia Real
San Pascual Pagbilao San Jose San Andres
Taal San Francisco San Pascual San Antonio
Tagkawayan Taal San Francisco
Tiaong Talisay San Narciso
Taysan Tagkawayan
Tuy
Local Centers Cavite (7) Laguna (18) Cavite (4) Rizal (2)
(50,000 and below) Amadeo Alaminos General Emilio Aguinaldo Jalajala
General Emilio Aguinaldo Cavinti Magallanes Sta. Teresita
Magallanes Famy Mendez
Maragondon Kalayaan Ternate Quezon (19)
Mendez-Nuñez Liliw Agdangan
Noveleta Luisiana Laguna (13) Alabat
Ternate Lumban Cavinti Buenavista
Mabitac Famy Burdeos
Rizal (2) Magdalena Kalayaan Dolores
Cardona Majayjay Luisiana General Luna
Jala-Jala Paete Lumban General Nakar
Pagsanjan Mabitac Jomalig
Quezon (24) Pakil Magdalena Macalelon
Agdangan Pangil Majayjay Padre Burgos
Alabat Rizal Paete Panukulan
Buenavista Santa Maria Pakil Patnanungan
Burdeos Siniloan Pangil Perez
Dolores Victoria Rizal Pitogo
General Luna Santa Maria Plaridel
General Nakar Batangas (16) Polillo
Guinayangan Agoncillo Batangas (6) Sampaloc
Jomalig Alitagtag Alitagtag Unisan
Macalelon Balete Balete Quezon
Padre Burgos Cuenca Mataasnakahoy
Panukulan Laurel San Luis
Patnanungan Lobo San Nicolas
Perez Mabini Tingloy
Pitogo Mataasnakahoy
Plaridel Padre Garcia
Polillo San Luis
Quezon San Nicolas
Real Santa Teresita
Sampaloc Taysan
San Antonio Talisay
San Andres Tingloy
San Narciso Tuy
Unisan
Source: National Spatial Strategy, PSA Census of Population
Areas adjoining or reasonably near Additional Built-up Land Requirements

existing urban areas but falling outside
protected or environmentally constrained The total built-up area of CALABARZON
areas shall also be given priority in defining is estimated at 1,245.63 square kilometers
areas for urban expansion. Furthermore, in 2015. Among the five provinces, the
areas which would not entail substantial province of Cavite has the largest built-up
development costs were identified as area at 330.61 square kilometer, followed
priority for expansion. by Batangas with 272.11 square kilometer,
Laguna with 270.22 square kilometer,
The provincial and local centers shall Rizal with 206.61 square kilometers and
likewise be developed in terms of Quezon with 166.06 square kilometers.
improving access to basic services and
income opportunities to prevent further Using the projected additional population
migration of its people to regional and of the Region up to the end of the planning
sub-regional centers. Hence, the regional period in 2046 and the 2015 built-up
and sub-regional centers’ population population density, the Region estimated
growth will be based on natural increase an additional built-up land requirement
of population instead of in-migration. of 502.21 square kilometer.

Map 4.26 Proposed Network of Settlements, 2046

Suitable areas for urban expansion demand and supply of suitable areas, it
can be noted that only Cavite, Laguna and
The following criteria were used in Quezon have enough highly suitable areas
identifying expansion area for settlements: for expansion. While Batangas and Rizal
1) low population density; 2) accessibility have a deficit of 39.68 square kilometers
to social facilities such as schools and and 73.03 square kilometers, respectively.
hospitals; 3) low exposure to various To fill-in the gap, Batangas and Rizal
hazards; 4) outside of protected areas; and may expand in moderately suitable areas
5) with slopes lower than 18 percent. provided that DRRM and CCA mitigation
and adaptation measures should be in
Table 4.7 shows that around 683.57 square place. On the other hand, development
kilometers of the Region’s land area are is being discouraged in areas with low
highly suitable for urban expansion. suitability for expansion.
These areas for expansion will be further
narrowed down through validation if While development can take place in
these are classified as Alienable and highly and moderately suitable areas,
Disposable lands and through field it should be emphasized that further
inspection of existing developments or urbanization and industrialization should
actual conditions on the ground. take place in the regional, sub-regional,
and to some extent, provincial centers
In comparison with future land identified in the network of settlements
requirement, in general, the Region still in order to preserve production and
has a surplus of around 181.36 square protection areas and abate further
kilometers suitable land for expansion. environmental degradation.
However, looking at the provincial level
Table 4.6 Addtional Land Requirement, 2046
2015 2015 ESTIMATED
ADDITIONAL FUTURE LAND
2015 2046 BUILT-UP BUILT-UP BUILT-UP
PROVINCE POPULATION POPULATION
POPULATION
AREA POPULATION
REQUIREMENT
AREA
(2015-2046) (IN SQ KM)
(IN KM SQ) DENSITY IN 2046
Cavite 3,678,301 4,960,320 1,282,019 330.61 11,126 115.23 445.84

Laguna 3,035,081 4,284,898 1,249,817 270.22 11,232 111.28 381.50
Batangas 2,694,335 3,815,535 1,121,200 272.11 9,902 113.23 385.35
Rizal 2,884,227 3,987,976 1,103,749 206.61 13,960 79.07 285.68
Quezon 2,122,830 3,189,030 1,066,200 166.06 12,783 83.41 249.47
CALABARZON 14,414,774 20,237,760 5,822,986 1,245.62 11,572 502.21 1,747.84
Source: NAMRIA, PSA
Additional Population – projected
Future Land Requirement – computed using built up population density
Map 4.28 shows the proposed built-up Population. The Region should enforce
areas in 2046 composed of the existing a sound population management policy
built-up areas and the highly suitable that focuses on the family, especially
areas for expansion. women and youth, through effective
implementation of Responsible
Strategies for Settlements Development Parenthood and Reproductive Health
Law. The Region should also continue to
Aside from the principles of advocate the advantages of a small family
NSS, settlements development of size, prevention of early marriages, and
CALABARZON will also adopt the proper timing and spacing of childbirth
National Urban Development and as part of responsible parenthood.
Housing Framework (NUDHF)
2017-2022 principles and strategies The Region should offer and implement
as follows: better incentives for more efficient urban

densities. It is essential to increase densities Provincial Development and Physical
in existing urban centers to prevent Framework Plans, many cities and
urban sprawls and to sustain economic municipalities are yet to mainstream their
growth. Hence, the Region will support local land use and socio-economic plans.
policy on prioritizing onsite and in-city
resettlement with off-site resettlement The Region should promote adequate
as the last option for ISFs residing in networks of public open spaces that would
danger zones and areas affected by serve as escape routes and evacuation
government projects. areas during disasters. CALABARZON
will promote compact and mixed-use
Urban planning and design. The Region development following the principle
will continue to promote and strengthen of concentration, to ensure balance
the mainstreaming of DRRM and between urban demand and available
CCAM in development planning. While resources and to allow integration of
all five provinces of the Region have complementing activities.
mainstreamed DRRM and CCAM in their
Table 4.7 Areas Suitable for Urban Expansion in CALABARZON
SUITABLE LAND FOR URBAN EXPANSION IN SQ KM
PROVINCE
HIGH MODERATE LOW TOTAL
Cavite 126.51 293.19 28.67 448.37
Laguna 115.32 342.91 53.08 511.31
Batangas 73.55 824.84 331.08 1229.47
Rizal 6.04 89.55 116.44 212.03
Quezon 362.15 3244.96 889.24 4496.35
CALABARZON 683.57 4795.45 1418.50 6897.52
Table 4.8 Comparison of Suitable Areas for Urban Expansion and Future Land
Requirement per Province
HIGHLY SUITABLE AREAS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
FUTURE LAND REQUIREMENT AVAILABLE SUITABLE AREAS
PROVINCE FOR URBAN EXPANSION (IN SQ KM) AND FUTURE LAND
(IN SQ KM) REQUIREMENT (IN SQ KM)
Cavite 126.51 115.23 11.28

Laguna 115.32 111.28 4.04
Batangas 73.55 113.23 -39.68
Rizal 6.04 79.07 -73.03
Quezon 362.15 83.41 278.74
CALABARZON 683.57 502.21 181.36
The Region should control urban and resilient housing projects. Housing
sprawl by promoting planned urban projects must take into consideration
expansion to ensure that the compact and the special needs of the vulnerable
mixed-use development will become more sector and their existing capacity to pay.
effective. Lastly, historical and cultural Housing projects should ensure the
sites will be considered in the design of availability of basic utilities and integrate
urban center to preserve remnants of sustainable livelihood and employment
previous communities for knowledge and and social welfare to ensure the quality
appreciation of future generations. of life of relocated families. To develop
climate-resilient housing projects, it
Housing. With the increasing number should follow appropriate housing
of ISFs, there is a higher demand for the standards or building codes and use
Region to develop inclusive, affordable technologies and innovations.

Map 4.27 Settlement Suitability Map in CALABARZON

Map 4.28 Existing Settlement and Expansion Areas in CALABARZON

With the limited areas for built-up and interdependence between the various
expansion, the LGUs should unlock sectoral components.
unused or underused government-owned
land and acquire private property for land The strategy will limit and re-channel
banking to ensure availability of land for industrial growth and population
housing projects. expansion to selected areas, improve and
upgrade facilities in these areas to meet
Waste management. The Region should urban standards, and ensure mutually
encourage LGUs to develop inter-LGU beneficial interaction between the rural
coordinated waste management plans and and urban areas. This shall be achieved
community-based waste management by improving transport grids and access
programs for more efficient mobilization roads, communication networks and
of resources to reduce solid wastes and markets for rural outputs, and integrating
its harmful effects to the community and DRRM and CCAM.
the environment.
Adopt institutional mechanisms that will
Aside from the strategies aligned with the provide as well as sustain the land use
NSS and National Urban Development and urban management policy-making
and Housing Framework (NUDHF), the processes and establish cooperation and
Region adopts the following long-term coordination in solving land management
policies and strategies to achieve the and other urban issues under a
desired spatial development: decentralized environment
Promotion of clustering of functional areas Initiatives should be holistically packaged

and establishment of a functional network and mutually reinforced allowing
of settlements national government, local government,
the private sector, and the communities
Areas with similar or complementary to cooperate in joint projects and
economic activities will be grouped community undertakings.
together and delineated for purposes
of planning and implementation of Within this framework, the following
programs/projects in order to accelerate institutional strategies are proposed:
economic development in these areas.
• Improve governance and participation
The development zones should become by strengthening coordination among
the focus for identification of strategic various levels of government, private
interventions such as road construction sector, civil society and academe and
and establishment of telecommunications improving capabilities of LGUs on
facilities, housing expansion and long-term planning and development
social infrastructure development, and as front liners in the delivery of
and the identification of investment basic social services
opportunities. Development priorities • Increase local government revenue
in the growth centers will be identified base in support of decentralization
based on a range of physical, historical objectives and the implementation of
and economic considerations such as multi-sectoral projects at the LGU level
natural drainage patterns, available • Improve land management through
water resources, as well as the phase policy development and better use of
and scale of development and hazards mechanisms and incentives
present in the area. Such considerations
transcend political boundaries and zonal Policy Options
classifications, and inevitably will lead to a
truly integrated development framework, • Improve availability of land for the poor
incorporating a high level of interaction by making available public lands for

housing and imposing idle land tax • Institutionalize non-structural flood risk
• Encourage land banking for social management measures in settlement
housing of low-income groups and areas to strengthen mitigation and
resettlement of identified communities resiliency of communities to climate
exposed to hazards change and disaster
• Expand and strengthen housing • Restrict use of prime agricultural land
programs that cater the lowest for subdivision projects by strictly
income groups implementing the guidelines on land
• Provide adequate health and education reclassification and conversion
facilities to far flung areas • Encourage LGUs to periodically update
• Encourage use of environmentally- Comprehensive Land Use Plan and
friendly technologies in strictly enforce zoning ordinance by
housing projects imposing appropriate administrative
• Encourage medium to high rise case to non-compliant LGUs
dwellings in areas determined to be free • Conduct regular capacity building for
from hazards local planners on physical planning
• Relocate settlement exposed to hazards. • Cultural mapping of tangible and
If in case that the vulnerable settlements intangible cultural assets
cannot be relocated, the community
should ensure that mitigating measures
are in place
Production Land Use

Production land use refers to the direct Food Security and Agricultural
and indirect utilization of land resources Productivity Issues
for crop production, fishery, livestock and
poultry production, timber production, CALABARZON remains to be among the
agroforestry, mining, industry, and top producers of livestock and poultry
tourism (NFPP, 2002) as well as areas for such as hogs, chicken, chicken eggs and
making a living (RPS, 2008). These areas cattle over time. However, the crops
support the needs of the Region for food, subsector showed declining performances
as well as, employment and income. Thus, over the years due to weather
sustainable development practices should disturbances (el Niño typhoons, floods),
be observed in their utilization. pest infestation and declining production
areas (Table 4.9). For the period 2012 to
Issues and Concerns 2015, rice production in the Region has
met only 16.65 percent of the Region’s
The rapid urbanization and annual rice requirement.
industrialization in the Region led
to an increasing demand of land for The area harvested for irrigated rice
production and settlements resulting to decreased from 85,094 hectares in
encroachment to agricultural land 2015 to 80,651 in 2018. However, Palay
and protection areas as well as production increased from 322,856
environmental degradation. Hence, metric tons in 2015 to 336,836 metric
the following issues and concerns must tons in 2018 despite the decline of area
be addressed: a) food security and harvested. Moreover, Corn production
agricultural productivity; b) conflicting also increased from 2015 to 2018 despite
land uses due to rapid industrialization; the decrease in area harvested for both
c) environmental impact; and white and yellow corn (CALABARZON
d) production land use encroachment in RSET 2019).
environmentally critical areas.

However, based on the 2016 Philrice data, In 1990, the estimated SAFDZ in
the Region’s production of 4.17 MT of CALABARZON covers a total of
Palay in 2018 is still lower than the national 357,315.67 hectares. Majority of
average of 6 MT per hectare. Similarly, the identified SAFDZ are located in
the 2.80 MT per hectare production of Batangas, Cavite, Laguna and Quezon.
corn is still lower than the 2.95 national In 2015, aggregate SAFDZ area is
corn production average (Rice and Corn estimated to cover 326,919.85 hectares
Outlook January 2019 Round, PSA). (Figure 4.27). The identified SAFDZ
areas have decreased by 8.5 percent since
Food security continues to be a challenge 1990 as settlements, commercial and
given the production performance of industrial complexes were built in the
major commodities and the increasing SAFDZ, particularly in the provinces of
demand brought about by the increasing Cavite and Batangas.
population growth, particularly the rise
in number of in-migrants in the Region. The decline in SAFDZ area, particularly
Given this, the Region must strive to agricultural land, limited the area
intensify government interventions to planted for major crops. However, the
ensure food security goals and objectives. conversion of agricultural land provided
for the establishment of more industries
The positive growth of livestock and and housing development to address
poultry subsector was sustained from demand for employment and settlements
2017 to 2018 following the increased of the increasing population. Hence,
demand for meat and meat products. Hog the challenge lies on the unregulated
production increased by 2.6 percent from land conversion by land developers.
371 metric tons in 2017 to 381.59 metric Unregulated land conversion posed
tons in 2018 due to efficient control of conflicts in land uses in contiguous
diseases. Likewise, chicken and chicken areas and defeats the purpose of zoning
egg production increased. This growth ordinances and land use planning.
may be attributed to the increase in
farm capacity and expansion of broiler Industrialization
farms. Despite the good performance
of the subsector, the vulnerability of the CALABARZON remains to be the
sub-sector to climate change, adverse industrial hub of the country. A total of 53
weather and pest and diseases (avian flu, economic zones are present in the Region
African swine flu, etc.) as well as presence with 1,781 industry locators. Among
of unfair and illegal foreign trade practices, these, 35 are manufacturing special
particularly on poultry, continue to be economic zones, 8 information technology
the challenge in improving supply of centers, 1 medical tourism park, 2 tourism
these commodities. economic zones and 2 agro-industrial
zones. Laguna province hosted the most
The declining fisheries production in number of economic zones.
the Region can be attributed to the
destructive fishing activities that have A range of industrial and manufacturing
depleted the fishing grounds, stricter activities are commonly found in specific
enforcement of fishery laws and contiguous areas comprising of cities
regulations, and the occurrence of strong and municipalities in the Region. The
typhoons and extremely hot weather. It areas currently identified as the Region’s
can also be attributed to the intensified industrial centers are the Provinces of
enforcement of Republic Act No. 10654 or Cavite, Laguna and Batangas due to the
An Act to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate number of economic zone locators in
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated these provinces.
Fishing. In particular, municipal and
aquaculture production have been The presence of deep coastal waters
negatively affected. in Batangas and Balayan Bays have
encouraged port-oriented industries to on environmental quality.
locate operations in the strategic coastal
stretch along the portion of Batangas City, With the extent of industrialization in
San Pascual, Mabini, Bauan, and Calaca. the Region, conflicting land uses has
This portion is considered as the province’s become a commonly cited issue along
major industrial zone and currently hosts with land conversion from agricultural
a number of medium to heavy industries use to other land uses. Hence, effective
ranging from oil refineries, shipbuilding, and efficient allocation of land resources
flour and feed milling, warehousing, and is needed to ensure provision of adequate
garment manufacturing. The development and accessible space for sustainable food
and operation of the Batangas Port located production, forest and mineral resource
in Batangas City provided the impetus for extraction, industry, and tourism.
industrial activities to intensify in terms
of trade and transport access for the major Environmental impact
industries of the Region.
The quality of major rivers in the Region
A significant number of these economic continues to deteriorate. From 2013 to
zones (ecozones) are located in the Region’s 2015, the Imus-Ylang-Ylang-Rio Grande
industrial centers. The bulk of ecozone and Cañas rivers did not pass the water
activity is contributed by the 53 operational quality standards for class C water.
economic zones, mostly concentrated in Under this classification, water quality is
Cavite, Laguna, and Batangas, indicating favorable for the propagation and growth
that these provinces are prime locations of fish and other aquatic resources, and
for industrial operation. Most ecozones in for recreational activities like boating,
Cavite and Laguna hosts light to medium etc. The water quality standards for
industries ranging from semiconductors, Class C is also used to determine the
electronics to car assembly. Batangas acceptability of treated water from
ecozones, meanwhile, host medium to industrial manufacturing processes before
heavy industries such as petroleum and being released to the main water body. On
oil refineries. the other hand, Laguna de Bay Biological
Oxygen Demand level increased, while
Of the 53 operational ecozones, 30 are Taal Lake did not meet other standards for
within environmentally critical areas, and class B. Water quality under classification
3 are within protected areas (Figure 4.29). B (recreational water class 1) can be
Land use conflicts are evident particularly used for contact recreation activities,
for the economic zones located within such as bathing, swimming, skin diving,
protected areas. This can be attributed etc., particularly those designated for
the fact that not all LGUs in the Region tourism purposes.
have updated land use plans and
zoning ordinances. On the other hand, The water quality of major water bodies in
appropriate physical planning measures, the Region did not improve due to pollution
as part of the comprehensive disaster from domestic sources, proliferation of
mitigation plans for economic zones informal settlements along water bodies
within environmentally critical areas, and pollution from agriculture and
should be identified and implemented to non-compliant industries.
ensure minimal impact of its development
Table 4.9 Crops Area Planted/Harvested
AREA PLANTED/HARVESTED (IN HECTARES)
CROPS
2016 2017 2018
Palay 116,768 116,348 108,650

Corn 35,084 34,803 32,662
Banana 73.55 113.23 -39.68
Source: RSET 2019

Map 4.29 CALABARZON SAFDZ, 1990
Map 4.30 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ, 2015

Map 4.31 2015 Built-up Area within 1990 CALABARZON Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones

On air quality, 1336 industries with In 2015, an estimated area of 22,503.35
potential to pollute the air were hectares of SAFDZ is within protected
monitored by DENR-EMB including areas. Majority of these areas are
private emission testing centers. located in Batangas Province with a
total of 12,041.76 hectares and Rizal
Unsustainable land use and deteriorating Province at 6,234.99 hectares. SAFDZ
quality of air and water bodies in the in Batangas were generally within the
Region need to be addressed to be able Taal Volcano Protected Landscape.
to contribute to the regional outcomes For instance, Taal Lake is strategically
which includes sustained biodiversity and located for agriculture and tourism
functioning of ecosystem services and purposes. Hence, several issues were
improvement in environmental quality. noted including overfishing, fish kills,
lake water pollution from households
Environmentally constrained areas are and industries, and endangering endemic
those prone to various types of hazards. fish species. While the primary goal is
In 2015, there were 87,557.84 hectares biodiversity conservation and agriculture
of SAFDZ within environmentally modernization, there is a need to
constrained areas, majority of which strengthen shared governance in allowing
is located in the coastal and low-lying the use of protected areas for agriculture
areas of Batangas and Quezon Province. and fisheries development to prevent
SAFDZs within environmentally habitat loss and species extinction.
constrained areas need proper disaster risk
reduction and climate change mitigation CALABARZON has an estimated
interventions to be useful for agriculture total forest cover of 269,657 ha or
and fisheries development purposes. If 16.62 percent of the total land area and
left unaddressed, it will only increase 49.04 percent of the total classified
the vulnerabilities of farmers and fisher forestlands. From 2003 to 2015, forest
folks. Cropping pattern, crop intensity cover declined by 7 percent or 19,998 ha.
and good agricultural practices must The decline in forest cover was generally
also be considered in utilizing SAFDZs attributed to increasing agriculture
within environmentally constrained areas, and housing needs, commercial and
otherwise, there is a need to reconsider illegal logging, mining and quarrying,
and or reclassify the SAFDZ identified kaingin and forest fires brought about
areas to other more appropriate land uses. by inequitable land distribution and
insecure tenure, among others1. Although,
Production land use in environmentally only two percent of the forest cover in the
critical areas Region is allocated for SAFDZ, there is
still a need to sustain its management and
The SAFDZ in 1990 have a total land conservation particularly in the Provinces
area of 357,315.67 hectares. Majority of of Laguna and Quezon where most of the
the SAFDZ areas are located in Batangas SAFDZs within forest cover are located.
province contributing 32 percent or Prudent use of forest resources must be
114,702.68 hectares. exercised to address the issue of declining
forest cover.
Protected lands are maintained for
biodiversity conservation. In 1997, Protection land use refers to
Republic Act 8435 or the Agriculture and the rehabilitation, conservation and
Fisheries Modernization Act mandated management of sensitive/critical
the identification of SAFDZs within ecosystems to preserve their integrity,
the protected lands to contribute to allow degraded resources to regenerate
agriculture development and people’s 1
Philippine Forest at a Glance, 2017. https://www.
livelihood at the local level.
senate.gov.ph/publications/SEPO/AAG%20on%20
Philippine%20Forest_Final.pdf

Map 4.32 Economic Zones within Protection Land Use

and to protect the human population from The goal shall be achieved by pursuing
environmental hazards. In 2015, all the food security, optimal land productivity,
provinces have SAFDZs within protection ecological stability and reduction in
land use while majority of these areas are impact of disaster and climate changes for
located in Batangas Province. various production sub-sectors such as
agriculture, forestry and fisheries, mining
One major issue of having SAFDZs industry, industrial development and
within protection land use is on conflict tourism development.
resolution regarding the most effective
use of land - whether it will retain Given the conflicting land uses discussed,
its use for agriculture and fisheries, Table 4.10 shows the summary of
focus on biodiversity conservation or production land use decision zones.
other land uses that will minimize the
effect of disaster and climate change. Existing and Proposed Production
Conflict resolution entails parameters Land Use
and databases in the identification and
management of high-risk areas. However, The production areas in CALABARZON
not all LGUs are capable of generating include those identified in the SAFDZ;
their own database and hazard maps. production forest; mining and quarrying
areas; industrial centers and economic
There is also a need to curb illegal zones as well as tourism areas. These
and irresponsible mining activities to production areas are the main drivers of
prevent damages to the environment economic activities in the Region.
such as soil erosion, pollution of rivers
and coastal areas, damage to farmlands, Map 4.38 shows the existing production
and landslides. land use in CALABARZON which
includes ecotourism sites, economic
While ecotourism aims to ensure that zones, secondary forests, agro-forestry,
tourism contributes to environmental SAFDZs and mining areas. The proposed
conservation and support local economic production land use shows existing
development, one ecotourism site – production land uses with proposed
Pandin Lake in San Pablo, Laguna expansion in number of economic zones.
was reported in 2015 to be within the Maintaining production land uses in the
environmentally critical areas. Since Region and the expansion in industrial
ecotourism development involves land use is supportive of the Region’s
the site and participation of people development blue print towards the
in the community, it must identify attainment of the national and regional
and implement appropriate physical long-term vision.
planning measures. It must also ensure
that ecotourism strategies are gender Strategies and Policy Options
responsive to reduce vulnerabilities
and address the gender issues of
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
the stakeholders.
Development
Production Framework
In 2018, the agriculture, forestry
and fisheries (AFF) sector remained
Overall, the goal is to provide a framework
competitive as the Region maintained its
for the most efficient and equitable use and
role as one of the top producers in the
management of land resources to ensure
country. The gross value added in AFF
provision of adequate and accessible
grew by 0.68 percent from 2017 to 2018
space for sustainable food production,
and contributed 4.78 percent to the gross
forest and mineral resource extraction,
domestic product of the Region. Despite
industry, and tourism to meet the needs
the positive performance, issues on
of the population.
Map 4.33 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Environmentally Constrained Areas

Map 4.34 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Protected Areas

Map 4.35 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Forest Cover

Map 4.36 Estimated CALABARZON SAFDZ 2015 within Protection Land Use

Map 4.37 CALABARZON Ecotourism Sites within Protection Land Use

declining production of several high value agricultural land use and other
crops such as sugarcane and coconut, low idle lands
rice self-sufficiency, lack of interest of the • Implement and monitor strictly laws
youth in farming and changing climatic governing land use conversion
conditions are the main challenges in • Study, identify and impose sanctions
the sector. on LGUs which reclassified agricultural
lands to more than allowable limits
Strategies • Enhance policy and program
convergence of national and local
Agricultural Land Management: government on the preservation
• Update CLUPs and CDPs of LGUs and utilization of agricultural lands
and enhance oversight in the strict especially prime agricultural lands
implementation of these plans • Adopt and promote integrated farming
• Develop or enhance monitoring systems to maximize use of land
mechanisms on the inventory of
Figure 4.4 Overall Production Framework
Table 4.10 Production Land Use Decision Zones

AREA RECOMMENDED
NATURE OF CONFLICT
(HA) POLICY OPTION
SAFDZ 1990 within Protected Areas (PAs) 25,669.57 Re-evaluate identified SAFDZ and strengthen shared
governance of SAFDZ and PAs
SAFDZ 2015 within PAs 23,615.16
SAFDZ 1990 within Forest Cover 7,827.42 Maintain SAFDZ within forest cover
SAFDZ 2015 within Forest Cover 7,827.42
SAFDZ 1990 converted to Built-up area 30,395.82 Maintain existing SAFDZ and utilize built-up areas for
(1990-2015) industrial development
SAFDZ 1990 within Protected Land Use 110,596.78 Re-evaluate identified SAFDZ within protected land use
and delineate boundaries for hazard-prone areas and
SAFDZ 2015 within Protected Land Use 101,896.30
between protection and non-protection areas

Productivity Enhancement and water transport and integrated
Value-Adding: logistics system
• Use and promote modern farm • Adopt new and innovative production
equipment and machinery, high and marketing schemes such as
yield crop varieties and practice of contract farming and corporate farming
appropriate soil management establish and strengthen linkages
• Construct new climate-resilient with complementary industries
irrigation systems, retrofit existing ones within and outside the Region such as
and develop irrigation facilities using agri-based processors
Laguna lake water to support rice and • Link agricultural enterprises to large
corn production in Quezon and Laguna markets in urban centers as well as
lakeshore towns upstream services
• Implement watershed management • Protect farmers from illegal practices
approach to sustain soil productivity such as smuggling, dumping, and
and water efficiency distorted use of non-tariff measures
• Pursue commodity diversification and
value-adding on high-value crops and Biosecurity to pest and diseases ensured
organic products • Ensure product quality and safety
• Promote and support agriculture-based • Ensure proper treatment and disposal of
entrepreneurial activities livestock and poultry wastes according
• Conduct research and development to relevant laws and regulations
geared towards processing and value- to reduce negative impact to the
adding of livestock products environment, strict monitoring and
• Use cost-effective and efficient modern imposing of penalties to violators
production technologies • Foster partnership of different agencies
• Diversify into other commodities on pest and disease surveillance and
with high value adding and market border protection
potential such as dairy cattle and
organic products Fishery Resource Management:
• Complete delineation, delimitation and
Improved resiliency to disaster risks and zoning of municipal waters
effects of climate change: • Strict implementation of zoning and
• Develop and distribute more resilient management plans and policies in
crop varieties that can survive extreme coastal and lake areas particularly Taal,
weather conditions Laguna, and San Pablo Seven Lakes
• Develop and distribute new farming • Intensify mangrove reforestation
technologies as well as other weather- to restore deteriorating municipal
resilient agricultural equipment coastal waters
and infrastructure • Promote sustainable fishing practices
• Adopt farming techniques and other among local fishermen and commercial
climate change adaptation practices fishery operators
• Develop and adopt insurance • Strengthen aquaculture in Quezon and
mechanisms to support farmers affected Batangas and expanding commercial
by extreme weather disturbances fishery operations in exclusive
• Promote the use of vulnerability and economic zones
suitability maps in program, planning,
and implementation Fisheries Productivity Increased:
• Develop climate information system • Improve resiliency to disaster risks and
effects of climate change
Improve physical and market linkages: • Develop insurance mechanisms
• Link production areas to markets and provide alternative livelihood
through adequate road and support to fisher folks affected by
rail-based transport and inter-island weather disturbances

Map 4.38 Existing Production Land Use Map in CALABARZON

Map 4.39 Proposed Production Land Use Map in CALABARZON

• Promote sustainable production policies Industrial Development
for endangered endemic fish species
CALABARZON is the country’s foremost
Fishing Grounds Protection & industrial center. As it is adjacent to
Preservation Ensured: the National Capital Region it benefits
• Impose heavier sanctions on illegal from a large market base in terms
fishing activities such as the use of of consumer demand. And with its
destructive fishing gears, fine mesh well-developed infrastructure, it has
nets, poisonous substances that destroy become a preferred investment area,
fish habitat and juvenile fishes particularly for manufacturing firms.
Mining Industry Development Strategies
Illegal and irresponsible mining activities Growth of priority industries accelerated:

in the Region have caused damage to • Pursue growth in other high
the environment such as soil erosion, value industries such as aerospace
pollution of rivers and coastal areas, parts manufacturing
damage to farmlands, and landslides. • Identify and facilitate specialization
Even idle mining areas continue to pose of industry per province to foster
risk to the environment due to presence cooperation and complementation
of residue minerals that may be harmful
to living organisms when exposed at a Economic zone development expanded:
prolonged period of time. • Concentrate industrial expansion/
growth in urban areas and promote
Strategies vertical development especially in
highly urbanized areas
Responsible Mining Promoted: • Establish economic zones in other
• Implement and monitor large and provinces, Rizal and Quezon, that are
small-scale mining through strict aligned to the province’s and Region’s
adherence to guidelines and standards development thrusts
on environmental management
• Identify and delineate existing and Industry investments increased:
potential mining production areas in • Promote the Region as a desirable
the CLUPs investment destination through
• Rehabilitate mined-out/abandoned intensified local and international
mines in accordance with the approved investment missions and activities
abandonment plan and or post-mining • Establish and strengthen linkage
land use plan wherein the appropriate between large industries or companies
sequential land uses are prescribed and small enterprises as part of value-
chain development
Upstream and Downstream • Improve existing infrastructure, utilities
Linkages Established: and facilities in ecozones and other
• Pursue value-adding activities and the industrial and commercial areas
development of downstream industries • Improve backbone services such as
especially for strategic metallic ores financial, telecommunications, internet,
• Strengthen incentive system for transport and logistics to facilitate
recycling of metal wastes in the mining industrial growth and linkage to
industry value chain domestic and global markets
• Regulate and strictly monitor the • Improve ease of doing business
handling, transport and use of and reduce transaction cost with
substandard imported metal products government through streamlined and
faster processes

Employment opportunities increased: Strategies
• Expand enterprises by supporting the
establishment of more SMEs Tourist arrivals increased:
• Develop and establishment of SMEs • Promote tourist attractions through
such as small-scale processing centers production and distribution of tourism
at the municipal level brochures to national and Regional
• Improve access of SMEs to financing tourism fairs and events
institutions by simplifying qualification • Publicize travel destinations through
procedures and setting interest rates media invitational tour program
at level comparable to loans given to • Widen and increase the accreditation
prime clients of diversified tourism enterprises, i.e.
farm, culinary, cruise, and faith tourism
DRR resiliency improved: • Maximize the use of digital platforms to
• Maintain buffers between industrial optimize delivery of goods and services
areas and other land uses such as required by tourists and establishments
residential, agricultural and protection
• Strict monitoring in the enforcement Access to tourism sites improved:
of environmental and labor laws, rules • Promote faster and more frequent
and regulations trips to established and emerging
• Intensify research, in collaboration with tourist destinations by the developing
the academe, to develop, promote and additional international and domestic
adopt new technologies or innovations gateways to tourism areas. This can be
• Reduce the impact of natural and man- achieved through the implementation
made disasters to businesses through the of proposed major transport projects
preparation and adoption of business or such as the extension of SLEX to Lucena
area continuity plans and rehabilitation of the Marikina-
Infanta Road as well as key tourism
Tourism Development road infrastructure. This will provide
greater access to and from the main
CALABARZON’s natural, cultural, international gateway to the Region,
historical endowments, man-made which is Metro Manila. Local roads
attractions and its proximity from NCR shall also be developed to complement
draw many visitors from Metro Manila national roads in improving access to
and neighboring regions. Same day tourism areas. Capacities of smaller
visitors reached 51,237,951 in 2018 with ports in Quezon and Batangas province
Faith tourism drawing 9 million pilgrims shall be upgraded to accommodate
during the Holy Week. Rizal has the higher frequency trips.
highest number of same day visitors with Tourism facilities and services improved:
the Our of Antipolo Shrine and the Regina • Provide physical facilities necessary for
Rica as major destinations. Meanwhile, tourist such as observation platforms,
Batangas recorded the highest number of view decks, and restrooms. Directional
overnight visitors in 2018 with its many signages shall be made more visible and
seaside resorts. tourist friendly
The completion of tourism roads Environmentally sustainable tourist

coupled with market and tourist product packages and routes developed:
development as well as intensified • Promote and advocate implementation
promotion of tourism establishments all of thematic clustering of designated
contributed to the increase in the number tourism areas at the local level, such
of tourists. as historical sites in Cavite, the resorts
in Laguna, and the beach resorts
in Batangas.
• Develop non-traditional clusters and

promote its inclusion in tourism circuit community participation, protection,
networks to provide variety of tourism and management of natural resources,
activities that would cater to local and culture, environmental education, and
foreign tourists. The following clusters ethics, as well as economic benefits,
shall be promoted are pursued for the enrichment of
host communities and satisfaction of
The development of tourism circuits will visitors. The NES identified Wawa
link tourism in the major urban areas Dam, Mt. Makiling, and Tagaytay/Taal
with tourist attractions in the rural areas. Volcano as key ecotourism sites. These
Tourism circuits will also serve as a guide sites are part of the network of key
in developing tour packages and ecotourism sites in CALABARZON
identifying and implementing supporting which can be linked to form a network
programs, projects and activities. of sites whose products are similar
Promotion of tourism circuits can or complementary. In this case,
encourage tourists to stay longer in mountain trekking is identified as the
the Region knowing that variety of main product.
attractions and activities are available and • Assist LGUs covered by Proclamation
easily accessible. numbers 1520 and 1801 or tourist
zones in delineating well defined
Based on the mix of tourism products geographic areas within the zones with
and interests, contiguous spatial location, potential tourism value, promulgate
availability of enroute facilities and service rules and regulations subject to
centers, the following major tourism the approval of the President, and
circuits shall be promoted: coordinate the integrated development
• Cavite – Batangas Circuit: Cavite of these areas for the optimum use of
Historical Sites, Nature/Adventure natural assets and attractions, as well as
Cluster in Cavite and Batangas existing facilities.
• Laguna – Cavite – Batangas Circuit: • Encourage LGUs with natural tourism
Medical Spa/Wellness Cluster, potentials to prepare and implement a
Nature/Adventure Cluster In Cavite tourism development plan, enforcement
and Batangas of standards, and collection of statistical
• Laguna – Rizal Tourism Circuit: data for tourism purposes. The tourism
Medical Spa/Wellness Cluster, Nature/ development plan shall integrate zoning,
Adventure Clusters, Special Interest land use, infrastructure development,
Clusters in Laguna, Rizal national system of standards for
• Rizal – Quezon Circuit: Special Interest tourism enterprises, heritage and
Clusters in Rizal, Nature/Adventure environmental protection imperatives
Cluster in Quezon in a manner that encourages sustainable
• Quezon – Batangas Circuit: Nature/ tourism development.
Adventure Cluster in Quezon and • Adopt convergence and foster close
Batangas, Historical Sites in Batangas collaboration among LGUs, national
• Other intra provincial circuits that may government and tourism MSMEs
be determined/developed in the promotion, formulation
and implementation of business
Market analysis and branding promoted: continuity plans.
• Promote ecotourism and agri-tourism • Require all LGUs with significant
as a strategy to preserve the natural tourism industry to have a permanent
and built environment. The National position for tourism officer who will
Ecotourism Strategy (NES) provides be responsible for the preparation,
the framework for ecotourism implementation, and updating of the
development. Ecotourism is a form of tourism development plan and for the
sustainable tourism within a natural enforcement of tourism laws, rules and
and cultural heritage area where regulations under RA 9593.

Cultural heritage sites preserved: be delineated; rules and regulations
• Update the municipal and city land use for their conservation, protection, and
plans and zoning ordinances. Multiple management shall be promulgated and
land use that allows the maximum strictly enforced. Strategies to preserve
variety of uses consistent with and maintain the quality of other
conservation and carrying capacity of natural and cultural sites should also be
the tourism areas is encouraged. For included in local plans or regulations,
ecotourism sites, their boundaries shall implemented and monitored.
Table 4.11 Proposed Tourism Clusters

NAME OF CLUSTER AREAS IN THE CLUSTER
Historical Site Cluster Corregidor Island-Cavite City-Kawit-Imus-Rosario-Tanza- Maragondon
Batangas City, Taal
Pila
Beach Resort Cluster Ternate
Nasugbu-Lian-Calatagan
Batangas City (Verde Island) – Tingloy (Sombrero Is-land)
Mauban-Real-Infanta-General Nakar
San Juan-Sariaya
Nature/Adventure Clusters Tagaytay City-Taal Volcano Lakeshore Municipalities
Nasugbu-Lian-Calatagan-Mabini
Antipolo City-Tanay-Real-Infanta-General Nakar
Lumban-Pagsanjan
Dolores-Tiaong-Lucban
Medical Spa/Wellness Clusters Calamba City-Los Baños
Tagaytay City
Lipa City
Special Interest Clusters Angono-Binangonan-Cardona
Lumban-Paete
Liliw
Protection Land Use

The National Framework for Physical resource depletion and degradation,
Planning (NFPP) emphasizes that the intensified risks under a changing climate,
quality of the environment is a direct and poor environmental practices.
reflection of the people’s quality of life. These challenges have become more
Fundamental to achieving sustainable difficult to address especially in highly
development is the capacity of the resource-dependent communities in
environment to support the productive the Region. Hence, it is critical that
sector, livelihood, cultural activities, conservation and protection measures
and human settlements and sustain in the protection land use, especially in
its functions to provide the necessary protected areas, are in place to ensure
ecosystem services (e.g., flood protection that human activities do not go beyond
and sediment regulation). ecological limits.
The environment, however, has been Protection Land Use refers to the
steadily deteriorating as a result of the rehabilitation, conservation, and
pressures from increasing population, management of critical ecosystems
corresponding life support requirements to preserve ecological integrity, allow
and the longstanding challenges on degraded resources to regenerate, and

safeguard the human population from • Environmentally-constrained areas
environmental hazards. These areas shall be properly demarcated, buffered
include the proclaimed and legislated and adequate mitigation measures
protected areas such as those belonging shall be put in place. Demarcation
to the Enhanced National Integrated of protected areas shall serve as a
Protected Areas System (ENIPAS) per starting point towards the resolution of
Republic Act 11038, reserved or conserved many environmental planning issues/
areas outside the ENIPAS requiring land use conflict.
equivalent amount of protection, areas • Implement ecosystem-based approach
with CADT, and environmentally in environmental protection, climate
constrained areas which are susceptible change adaptation, and disaster
to natural hazards such as seismic and risk reduction.
volcanic eruption hazards, prolonged
flooding, tsunami, and landslide, In demarcating boundaries of protected
among others. areas, the NFPP set the prioritization
as follows:
However, existing protection land use • The demarcation of hazard-prone
in the Region which covers about 3,0371 areas must be the first priority to help
square kilometers, only comprises the ensure that immediate action is taken
NIPAS initial components, ancestral towards mitigating or eliminating
lands, and other key biodiversity and life-threatening disasters
protected areas, as shown in Map 4.35. • Next priority should be given to
This needs to be enhanced to include demarcating the boundaries between
environmentally constrained areas in the other protected areas (ENIPAS,
the Region. Non-ENIPAS) and other land uses
such as settlements, production and
Overall Goal and Objectives infrastructure to proceed with planning
and utilization of nonprotection areas
Conserve, rehabilitate, and pursue without compromising the integrity of
sustainable development of environmental the protection areas
and natural resources. • Subsequent priority should be given
to the demarcation of boundaries
Objectives: among protection areas (ENIPAS,
• To achieve environmental stability and Non-ENIPAS, hazard-prone areas) to
ecological integrity allow more detailed planning of the
• To ensure balance between resource different protection areas according to
use and the preservation of some areas specific conditions and requirements.
with ecological, environmental,
aesthetic, educational, cultural, and Proposed Protection Land Use
historical significance
• To identify environmentally constrained ENIPAS and Non-ENIPAS Areas
areas to protect the people and
human-made structures from disasters A total of about 3,4002 square kilometers
or about 43 percent of the Region’s total
Overall Strategies and Policy Options: protection land use is composed of
• The ecological function shall be overlapping proclaimed and legislated
paramount over economic and protected areas, non-ENIPAS, and other
other considerations when allowing key biodiversity areas. As of 2019, the
the use of portions of protected Region has 21 protected areas either
areas for production purposes. As proclaimed or legislated as shown in
such, the appropriate protection Table 4.12. These areas are either
measures shall be implemented and managed or co-managed by the Protected
constantly monitored. Area Management Office and the LGUs.
1
GIS generated 2
GIS generated
Map 4.40 Existing Protection Land Use Map in CALABARZON

The Region has a number of non-ENIPAS units, local communities and the
areas and other key biodiversity areas, private sector;
which include Calauag Watershed Forest • Adopt the ridge-to-reef approach
Reserve, Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, in the review and implementation
Kanan River Watershed, Lopez Watershed of development activities and
Forest Reserve, Tibiang-Domagondong environmental protection;
Watershed Forest Reserve, Umiray River • Relocate informal settlers in protected
Watershed Forest Reserve, Mapanghi areas, coastal areas, bodies of water
Cave Protected Landscape, Masungi Rock and easements;
Protected Landscape, Ragay Gulf, Sumuot • Promote responsible mining and
Cave Protected Landscape, and Dagatan complete rehabilitation of mined areas;
Lake Natural Monument, among others. • Fast-track completion and updating of
CLUPs and ensure that DRR-CCA are
Key Issues and Concern: mainstreamed in the CLUPs and that
• Encroachment in protected areas zoning ordinances are strictly enforced;
resulting in deforestation and over • Strictly implement forest, pollution
extraction of resources. control, and other environmental laws
• Unregulated economic activities such as and regulations;
illegal logging and illegal settlements in • Strictly implement environmental
upland/forest ecosystem post threats to impact assessment for development
flora and fauna and in the integrity of activities and projects, especially
the protected areas; environmentally critical projects, in
• Conflicts in land use among ecological environmentally critical areas;
space and built-up areas have resulted • Fast-track delineation and demarcation
in competing and overlapping land uses. of protected area boundaries
Furthermore, conflicts in boundary • Ensure adequate buffer zones are
and jurisdiction affects preservation established and enforced or maintained
programs in the protected areas; • Issue appropriate tenure and
• Proliferation of informal settlers management instruments and secure
along coastal areas and bodies of land titles for beneficiaries in public
water and discharges of untreated agriculture and alienable and disposable
and incompletely treated domestic, lands and areas zoned as residential
agricultural, and industrial wastewater • Provide/continue provision of
worsens pollution levels; alternative livelihood for communities
• Illegal construction of permanent • in or near the PAs to ensure that they
structures on easements as a result will not depend on PAs for livelihood
of poor zoning.
Ancestral Domain
Strategies and Policy Options:
• Review and reconcile existing laws and The areas with CALT/CADT are also
regulations on protected areas; considered as one of the areas that ought
• Continuously rehabilitate degraded to be protected to ensure the rights of
forestlands, critical watersheds and Indigenous Cultural Communities/
major river basins through reforestation Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) to preserve
efforts under the Enhanced National and develop their cultures, traditions and
Greening Program and local institutions, and to control and use land
complementary reforestation programs; within their ancestral domain pursuant to
• Strengthen protection of natural and Indigenous People’s Rights Act of 1997. At
rehabilitated forest, effective and present, there are four approved CADTs
sustainable management of protected located in General Nakar with 163,641
areas and key biodiversity areas hectares, Rodriguez and San Mateo, Rizal
through shared governance and close with 19,523 hectares, Catanauan, Quezon
coordination with local government with 1,015 hectares, and Tanay, Rizal with

24,667 hectares. The approved CADTs • Destruction of natural resources within
cover a total of 2,088.473 square kilometers the CADT
or about 27 percent of the Region’s • Encroachment of Non-IPs/ entry
total protection land use. The ICCs/IPs of migrants
shall prepare their respective Ancestral • Land grabbing
Domain Sustainable Development and • Large scale mining activities
Protection Plan which shall include • Displacement due to large-
the manner by which the ICCs/IPs will scale development
protect the domain to maintain ecological • Disrespect of sacred places
balance, restore denuded areas, and • Unauthorized and unlawful intrusion
observe and comply with the provisions
of the Indigenous People’s Rights Act Strategies:
and the rules and regulations for its • Ensure the indigenous people’s rights
effective implementation. to develop, control, and use land within
their ancestral domain
Key Issues: • Ensure preparation of ADSDPP that
• Slow delineation and titling processes will serve as the guide for proper
• Non-compliance of Free, Prior and management of resources and the
Informed Consent process regulation of all the future actions
in ancestral domain which shall be
3
NCIP Region IV considered in CLUPs, PDPFPs, etc
Table 4.12 List of protected areas in CALABARZON

AREA
NAME OF PROTECTED AREA LOCATION
(sq km)
Alabat Watershed Forest Re-serve 6.88 Alabat, Quezon
Alibijaban Wilderness Area 4.30 San Andres, Quezon
Binahaan River Watershed Forest Reserve 4.65 Pagbilao and Mauban, Quezon
Buenavista Protected Landscape 2.84 Mulanay, Quezon
Hinulugan-Taktak Protected Landscape 0.03 Antipolo City, Rizal
Infanta Watershed Forest Reserve 3.84 Infanta, Quezon
Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve 351.50 General Nakar, Quezon and Tanay, Rizal
Maulawin Spring Protected Landscape 1.49 Guinayangan, Quezon
Minasawa Island Game Ref-uge and Bird Sanctuary 0.04 Burdeos, Quezon
Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape 109.01 Laguna and Quezon
Mts. Palay-Palay Mataas Na Gulod Protected Landscape 39.73 Cavite and Batangas
Mulanay Watershed Forest Reserve 0.26 Mulanay, Quezon
Pagsanjan Gorge 1.53 Pagsanjan, Cavinti, and Lumban, Laguna
Palsabangon Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve 508.25 Pagbilao, Quezon
Pamitinan Protected Landscape 6.08 Rodriguez, Rizal
Panukulan Watershed Forest Reserve 1.79 Panukulan, Quezon
Polillo Watershed Forest Reserve 1.30 Polillo, Quezon
Quezon Protected Landscape 9.83 Municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos
and Atimonan, Province of Quezon
Taal Volcano Protected Landscape 622.92 Talisay, Malvar, Tanauan City, Mataas
na Kahoy, Laurel, Agoncillo, Sta. Teresita,
Cuenca Alitagtag, Lipa City, Balete and San
Nicolas in the Province of Batangas and
Tagaytay City in the Province of Cavite
Unnamed National Park, Wild-life Sanctuary and Game 1,463.10 Laguna, Quezon, Rizal and Bulacan
Pre-serve (PP1636)
Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape 261.26 Municipalities of Antipolo, Montalban, San
Mateo and Baras, Rizal
Source: DENR Region IV-A

• Provide for the participation of Key Issues and Concerns:
indigenous communities in the • Incomplete climate change and disaster
protection, conservation, development, risk-informed local plans
and utilization of natural resource in • Increasing settlements, both formal
the areas and informal, and commercial
• Protect and maintain ICCs rights over establishments in hazard-prone areas.
livelihood sources
• Prevent encroachment in Strategies and Policy Options:
ancestral domain • Delineate hazard prone areas in
• Prevent degradation of the domain and the CLUP
maintain ecological balance • Demarcate hazard-prone areas to ensure
• Resolve overlapping claims and awareness of the communities residing
boundary conflicts, if any within and near hazard prone areas
• Maintain community’s indigenous • Identify, develop, and implement
socio-cultural and spiritual integrity appropriate disaster risk reduction and
• Rehabilitate denuded forest climate change adaptation strategies
• Provide technical and financial in identified hazard prone areas i.e.
assistance to ICCs/IPs geological investigation should be done
before development
Environmentally Constrained Areas • Institute proper land use zoning
in hazard prone areas i.e. restrict
The environmentally constrained areas development in high-risk areas;
are areas subject to seismic hazards, • Implement mitigating measures to
prolonged flooding, tidal waves and reduce disaster impact
tsunamis, volcanic eruption fall outs, • Ensure public awareness and
unstable slope, and landslide-prone areas, understanding on hazards in
among other. The recognition of these the locality
areas is important to increase public • Strengthen DRRM and CCA
awareness to prevent and/or minimize coordination between different levels
damages to property and great loss of life. of government
A total of about 6,9274 square kilometers • Develop and implement
or around 88 percent of the Region’s total adaptation plan
protection land use are highly susceptible • Capacitate communities to respond and
to flooding, tidal waves and tsunami, adapt to climate change
rain-induced and earthquake-induced • Enhance DRRM & CCA
landslide, and lahar flow. management system
• Establish monitoring, early warning
Appropriate intervention measures and evacuation systems as part of the
are urgently needed to prevent further disaster preparedness measures
damages and losses to properties • Increase awareness of communities on
specifically in built-up and production possible risk and their role in disaster
areas exposed to these hazards. mitigation efforts
Most of the environmentally constrained The following shall be undertaken for

areas in the Region are found in the Sierra specific hazard-prone areas:
Madre Mountain Range particularly
in the Provinces of Rizal and Quezon, Flooding:
mountainous areas in the Bondoc • Formulation of proper infrastructure
Peninsula in Quezon, Polilio Group of and settlement plan that
Islands, and the mountainous and coastal includes a comprehensive Flood
areas of the Province of Batangas. Management Plan
• Construction and maintenance
of drainage systems especially in
4
GIS generated commercial and residential areas
Map 4.41 Protected Areas in CALABARZON

• Strict enforcement of zoning ordinances establishments in easements and
to restrict settlements in high-risk high-risk areas
flood-prone areas • Enforcement of pollution
• Maintenance of open spaces and natural control regulations
drainage patterns • Identification and implemention of
• Improvement of solid waste sustainable land management practices
management and proper disposal in collaboration with local communities
of wastes and organizations
• Enforcement of mining laws
Earthquake-induced hazard:
• Strict implementation and adherence Security risk areas
to building code, earthquake resistant • Protection of infrastructure assets
design of building should be encouraged, • Strengthening of peace and order
conduct of regular infrastructure audit councils and DRRMCs
and liquefaction potential assessment
• Ground stabilization through Overall, the Region’s protection land use
appropriate engineering with the inclusion of highly susceptible
• Retrofitting and strengthening of areas to hydrometeorologic and geologic
existing structures in high risk areas hazards is presented in Map 4.42.
• Enforcement of penalties on violations
to the building code Protection land use in CALABARZON
• Enhancement and dissemination of covers a total of about 7,8305 square
earthquake hazard maps kilometers or almost 49 percent of
• Strengthening of infrastructures based the Region’s total land area. Since
on hazard profile ENIPAS, Non-ENIPAS, CADT, and
environmentally constrained areas have
Tidal waves and Tsunamis: overlapping boundaries, the sum of these
• Construction of tidal wave barriers in areas is more than the total areas covered
low-lying and tsunami prone coastal by the protection land use.
areas breakwaters at the entrance of
bays and harbors Decision Zones in Protection
• Rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems Land Use
to act as natural barriers
• Enforcement of proper easement on The decision zones necessitate
coastal areas appropriate land management measures,
• Upgrading of structures to make them especially those development activities
disaster-resilient in environmentally critical areas. Some
of the protection land use decision zones
Volcanic hazards: include the following:
• Identification of permanent
danger zones in the land use plans Presence of production activities,
as permanently non-habitable settlements, infrastructure, and other
(as applicable) built-up areas in PAs. An estimate
• Enforcement of permanent of about 64 square kilometers of
danger zones built-up area and 543 square kilometers
of production areas are found within
Coastal and river erosion the PAs. Noting the potential adverse
• Reforestation of denuded watersheds impacts of these development activities,
• Preparation and implementation a strong paradigm shift and behavioral
of coastal and river quality change should be pursued to ensure
management plans that such activities’ contribution to
• Relocation of illegal settlers and
5
GIS generated

improving socio-economic condition of land use. Disaster management arising
resource-dependent communities are from multiple hazards will entail
within its ecological limits. On the other proper spatial zoning and planning as
hand, strict protection zones in the PA the potential impacts may cut across
should be preserved and managed such different land uses. Table 4.14 shows
that no development will expand in the the areas per province that are highly
zones in the next 15 years. susceptible to flooding, rain-induced
and earthquake-induced landslide,
Presence of built-up areas in liquefaction, groundshaking, tsunami,
environmentally constrained areas. and storm surge. Since these multiple
An estimated 122,485 hectares of hazards have overlapping boundaries, the
built up areas in the Region are sum of these areas is more than the total
highly susceptible to multiple hazards of built-up areas that are highly susceptible
that should form part of the protection to multiple hazards.
Table 4.13 Area of Built-Up Area and Production Land Use Within the Protected
Areas in the Region1
BUILT-UP AREA PRODUCTION AREA
PROTECTED AREA
(SQ KM)1 (SQ KM)1
Buenavista Protected Landscape - 2.36
Binahaan River Watershed Forest Reserve - 4.47
Hinulugan-Taktak Protected Landscape 0.04 -
Infanta Watershed Forest Reserve - 2.05
Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve 3.13 34.97
Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Land-scape 0.06 3.88
Mts. Palay-Palay Mataas Na Gulod Protected Landscape 0.38 0.66
Maulawin Spring Protected Landscape - 0.14
Palsabangon Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve 0.10 2.25
Presidential Proclamation 1636 17.94 341.20
Pamitinan Protected Landscape 0.27 1.02
Polillo Watershed Forest Reserve - 1.68
Quezon Protected Landscape 0.02 3.33
Taal Volcano Protected Landscape 34.40 78.32
Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape 7.29 66.35
TOTAL 63.62 542.69
Table 4.14 Area Highly Susceptible to Hazards in CALABARZON (in hectares)1

HAZARD TYPES QUEZON RIZAL CAVITE LAGUNA BATANGAS CALABARZON
Hydrometeorologic Hazards
Flooding 36,490.55 9,687.57 10,920.12 6,339.71 23,116.78 86,554.73
Rain-induced landslide 297,889.22 53,833.06 9,989.78 25,522.56 66,898.95 454,133.57
Geologic Hazards
Liquefaction 184,428.08 52,619.07 3,875.75 13,885.98 89,516.80 344,325.68
Earthquake-induced
landslide 135,909.51 97,790.38 444.54 326.25 48,553.15 283,023.83
Ground shaking 850,191.64 125,809.74 125,290.50 182,015.03 296,414.76 1,579,721.67
Tsunami 60,247.05 3,149.11 5,812.41 69,208.57

Storm Surge 467.203 467.203

Infrastructure and Utilities Development
Infrastructure and utilities are needed areas and remote productive agricultural
in order for the planned settlements sites. In tandem with these efforts is the
to be constructed where they have development of LGUs of their respective
been identified in the physical local public transport route plans, that
framework plan. At the same time, the will help ensure efficient transportation
infrastructure and utilities have to be that considers the spatial context and
carefully planned to ensure production local routes in the Region.
areas have access to markets but
protection areas remain inaccessible. Improving connectivity between centers
and wedges, and increasing the capacity
The infrastructure and utilities of existing roads and bridges will address
development plan focuses on the the worsening traffic condition in urban,
development of: 1) transportation; growth and developing areas.
2) communication; 3) energy; 4) water
resources; and 5) social infrastructure Goal: Adequate, efficient and safe
needed to integrate and complement the road-based transport system established
requirements of settlements, production
and protection land uses. Objectives:
• Improve quality of roads and bridges
Regional Transportation Network by ensuring that they are made more
resilient against natural calamities
The development of the Region’s • Complete major road network which
transport infrastructure, facilities connects major urban centers
and network shall be based on an • Upgrade road network to meet the
inter-modal transport system approach. increasing volume of vehicles
Such system aims to connect two or more • Improve access or connectivity between
transport modes such as land, rail and urban/market areas and production,
air in a seamless system that is efficient, tourism and marginalized areas
safe, flexible and environmentally • Establish an integrated and efficient
sound to support the requirement of the transport system that will connect the
Regional economy while maintaining various growth centers and will provide
ecological balance. easier market accessibility to support
the Region’s development
Overall Goal
Strategies and Policy Options:
Ensure efficient, safe and environmentally
sound land, water, air and rail transport Phase I: 2018 to 20221:
systems that will support the vision • Upgrade, improve and widen national
of CALABARZON. arterial and secondary roads to address
traffic congestion and ensure easy access
Roads and Bridges to high-risk areas
• Construct alternative routes for disaster-
CALABARZON has a predominantly prone areas
road-based transport system, with major • Improve drainage systems and facilities
national roads connecting primary and especially in flood-prone areas to
secondary urban centers. Improvement protect the road network system and
of these roads will facilitate easier avoid congestion
movement of people, increase access • Construct and maintain sidewalks and
to major services and facilities and will easements in all roads and bridges
improve connectivity to potential tourism 1
Based on Draft Transport Master Plan

Map 4.42 Indicative Protection Land Use Map in CALABARZON

for pedestrian and other non-motor- Programs and Projects:
based traffic
• Adopt Build-Operate-Transfer and its Phase I
variants in implementing roads and 1. Expressways
bridges projects to tap private sector • SLEX Toll Road 4 (2019-2021)
resources and expertise (2018-2022) • Cavite-Laguna Expressway
(2017-2020)
Phase II: 2023-2028: • NLEX-SLEX connector road
• Construct bypass and diversion roads (2019-2021)
in highly congested areas or major • Laguna Lake Road Network
urban centers (2020-2025)
• Complete and extend expressways and • Quezon-Bicol Expressway
other missing links in the road network (2020-2025)
• Construct and improve roads leading to • C6 Expressway Project
ports and tourist destinations Completion(2019-2021) SLEX
• Adopt transit oriented development Toll Road 4
concept to ensure compact, mix-use, • Cavite-Laguna Expressway
pedestrian and wheeler-friendly, and • NLEX-SLEX connector road
suitably dense urban development • Laguna Lake Road Network
organized around transit stations. • Quezon-Bicol Expressway
• C6 Expressway Project Completion
Phase III: 2029-2034: 2. Construction of bridges
• Provide more access roads in • Quezon-Roma Point Bridge
geographically isolated areas. Construct (2018-2022)
missing rural road links, farm-to-market 3. Local, diversion and bypass roads
roads and access roads connecting to • Taal Lake Circumferential Road
town centers (2018-2029)
• Batangas City-San Pascual-Bauan
Whole Plan Duration: 2022-2046 : Bypass Road (2017-2021)
• Exercise the government’s power of • AMS (formerly STAR) Tollway –
eminent domain and land banking in Pinamucan Bypass Road (2018-2020)
securing the right-of-way of projects • Lipa City-Padre Garcia diversion
well before project construction road (2018-2020)
• Abide by environmental laws and • Lobo - Malabrigo - Laiya - San Juan
regulations and integrate gender and Road (2014-2022)
social considerations in all programs • Tagaytay bypass road (2018-2022)
and projects related to roads and bridges. • General Aguinaldo-Magallanes-
All relevant projects should have the Nasugbu Road (East-West Road)
necessary environmental compliance (2016-2022)
certificate and other required mitigation • Alaminos-San Pablo City bypass
or management plans to reduce road (2017-2021)
environmental impacts • Marikina-Infanta Road (2016-2019)
• Implement traffic management • Sariaya bypass road (2014-2022)
and control including the use of • Tayabas Bypass Road (2016-2021)
intelligent transport systems in highly • Pagbilao bypass road (2017 -2019)
congested areas • Gumaca bypass road (2016 - 2021)
• Strengthen coordination among • Santo Tomas Flyover (2020-2023)
concerned agencies and entities like • Bacoor diversion road
DPWH, DENR, LTO, DILG, and (2018 onwards)
utility providers to fast track the • Carmona-Biñan Diversion Road
removal of road obstructions and the (2018-2019)
implementation of the CALABARZON • Carmona-Silang Diversion Road
Traffic Management Plan 2017-2022 (2018-2020)

Map 4.43 Proposed Major Roads, Railways, and Bridges in CALABARZON

• Kaykulot diversion road (2018-2019) Railway System
• Molino- Daang Hari Flyover
(2018-2020) The modernization of the commuter
• Maragondon bypass road line and long haul railway system and
(2019-2020) the extension of Metro Manila’s light rail
• Link Road Connecting Aguinaldo transit shall be pursued to provide rapid
Highway and Governor’s Drive mass transport within and outside the
(2018-2020) Region as well as lessen traffic congestions
• Pulo-Diezmo Road (2019-2020) and air pollution.
• Lopez bypass road (2015-2018)
• Catanauan bypass road (2019) The Philippine National Railway (PNR)
• Angono-Antipolo bypass road used to operate a commuter line from
(2019-2020) Tutuban and Calamba and long-haul
to Quezon up to Bicol. At present, the
Phase II DOTr is preparing a feasibility study
1. Expressways for the PNR South Long Haul Project.
• Cavite-Tagaytay-Batangas This will be a 592-km railway from Sucat,
Expressway (2020-2024) Parañaque City to Legazpi to Matnog,
• Calamba-Los Baños-Bay Expressway Sorsogon with a Batangas branch line
• STAR Tollway Northbound Bridge from Calamba Station going to Batangas
2. Construction of bridges Port. The DOTr is currently implementing
• Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge the North–South Commuter Railway
(2020-2025) Project which is a 147 kilometer elevated
• East-West Bank Bridge (2020-2023) railway that will run from New Clark City
• Mindoro-Batangas Super Bridge in Capas, Tarlac to Calamba, Laguna, with
3. Coastal roads a total of 36 stations. The construction
• Luzon Pacific Highway of the CALABARZON component is
• Umiray – Dingalan Road expected to start in 2019.
(2018-2021)
• Mauban – Atimonan Road Goal: Highly efficient and sufficiently
(2019-2020) capable rail transport system
4. Local, diversion and bypass roads
• Lian diversion road Objectives:
• Calamba-Los Baños-Bay bypass road • Upgrade railway system to provide
• Calamba-Tagaytay Road the public with a convenient, safe and
• Bucal bypass road efficient rail transport system
• Morong bypass • Enhance railway technology used and
5. DOT-DPWH Convergence Program ensure RROW security to reduce the
on the improvement and construction travel time of passengers and mitigate
of access roads leading to various traffic accidents
tourism destinations
6. DTI-DPWH ROLL-IT Program Strategies:
on the identification, prioritization • Promote investment and research in
and implementation of roads mass railway system
leading to various industries and • Upgrade railways, trains/coaches,
economic zones terminals and stations to the latest
7. DPWH Steel Bridge Flyover available technology for an efficient and
Construction for Traffic Congestion in safe railway system
Urban Areas • Encourage participation of the
8. DA-DPWH farm-to-market road private sector in planning, funding,
implementation and management
of rail infrastructure projects and in
right-of-way acquisition together with

the local government units and national Laguna Lake, which is the biggest
government agencies freshwater body in the Region and
• Exercise the government’s power of the country, will be rejuvenated as a
eminent domain and land banking in transport corridor to link Metro Manila
securing the right-of-way of projects to CALABARZON and re-establish
well before project construction inter-regional links from west to east and
north to south. A re-established ferry
Programs and Projects: transportation system in Laguna Lake
can be an alternative mode for faster
Phase I and efficient means to travel from one
1. NSRP comprises the North Line and province or region to another. However,
South Line covering the existing north this would entail significant public and
main line from Metro Manila to San private investments to become feasible.
Fernando, La Union and south main
line from Metro Manila to Legaspi, Goal: Highly efficient sea ports and water
Albay up to Matnog, Sorsogon and spur transport which can provide enhanced
line to Batangas City. The NSRP was connectivity and better services to
unbundled into two projects: the public
• PNR South Commuter Line (Project
1) (2014-2021) – commuter line Objectives:
operating between Tutuban and • Ensure port facilities and infrastructures
Calamba using BGTOM contractual are DRR-CCA enhanced and gender
arrangement which covers sensitive to improve efficiency of
approximately 54 kilometers port operations
• PNR Long Haul Line (Project • Upgrade small ports to improve capacity
2) (2014-2024) – long haul line and efficiency
operating between Calamba to • Develop new ship routes to promote
Sorsogon, with branch from Calamba tourism and trade
to Batangas City using Build Transfer
contractual arrangement which Strategies:
covers 580 kilometers • Improve port facilities to ensure
2. LRT-1 Cavite Extension Project from seamless roll-on-roll-off (RORO)
Nilog in Bacoor to Governor’s Drive network, safety of passengers and
in Dasmariñas (2017-2021) minimize passenger traffic
3. LRT Line 2 East Extension(2014-2020) • Provide additional berthing facilities,
modern cargo handling facilities, RORO
Phase II infrastructures and ancillary services
• East-West Rail Project such as warehouses and carriers and
• MRT 4 Project (2021-2025) other needed facilities and equipment
• Promote incentives and
Sea Ports private investment in ports to
boost development
Water transport is vital in facilitating • Ensure availability of ancillary services
exchange of goods and services, mobility in the ports, especially in Batangas Port,
of people and enabling tourism and to maximize the potential of Batangas
other economic activities within the Container Terminal as an alternate port
Region and with other Regions. As of Manila
such, there is a need to continuously • Establish climate change resilient
improve the facilities and operations facilities/structures to ensure smooth
of ports using infrastructure-related logistics in times of disaster
research and development including • Construct breakwater facilities to
impact evaluation studies as a guide. prevent port from deterioration
• Establish new inter-island and

inter-regional links to promote tourism Province and Jose Panganiban in
and accelerate area development to Camarines Norte
benefit island municipalities 3. San Andres-Masbate-Bogo, Cebu
• Study possible conversion of Sangley RORO System – rehabilitation of
Point in Cavite City into an international roads leading to San Andres Port and
and logistic hub through public or reactivation of RORO system from San
private investments Andres, Quezon to Masbate
• Ensure full utilization of existing ports
by providing the necessary incentives Airports
and support facilities
• Increase the capacity for cargo The airport system in CALABARZON is
shipments in Lucena Port not extensive compared to other Regions
• Improve port operations and conduct due to the Region’s proximity to the
of infrastructure-related research National Capital Region where the Ninoy
and development including impact Aquino International Airport (NAIA) is
evaluation studies located. At present NAIA, which is the
• Conduct intensive marketing campaign country’s major international gateway, has
on the port services being offered with already surpassed its designated capacity
the locators and shipping companies of 30.5 million passengers per annum
with an average of 36.68 million people
Programs and Projects: passing through its four terminals
annually. The construction of a
Phase I domestic or regional airport and the
1. Calatagan Port Development improvement of existing airports in the
2. New RoRo Routes Region are needed to help decongest air
• Cavite to Mariveles, Bataan traffic at NAIA and boost the Region’s
• Calatagan-Lubang-Coron growing economy.
• San Andres, Quezon to Masbate,
Bicol and Cebu Goal: Enhanced connectivity through
• San Juan, Batangas to Pola, Oriental improved air transport
Mindoro and Marinduque
3. Construction or upgrading of ports in Objectives:
Mauban, Infanta and Real in Quezon • Establish airport facilities with
Province to accommodate more disaster-resilient consideration and of
passengers and cargo international standards
4. Repair of port lighting system including
solar powered lighting systems, repair Strategies:
of public comfort rooms and port • Improve Sangley Airport facilities using
police headquarters in different ports in disaster-resilient designs and materials
Batangas Province • Explore possible domestic or Regional
airport in CALABARZON
Phase II
1. Calamba to NCR and to Points in Rizal Programs and Projects:
Ferry - an alternative for faster and • Fire station buildings and administration
efficient means to travel via the Laguna building, and asphalt overlay of airport
Lake going to the NCR and Rizal runway in Sangley Airport
through Laguna Lake • Sangley Airport as a domestic airport
2. Real-Polillo Island-Larap, Jose • Feasibility study of a regional or
Panganiban, Camarines Norte domestic airport in CALABARZON
RORO System – establishment of a
RORO system which includes the
modernization and expansion of sea
ports in Real and Polillo in Quezon

Map 4.44 Seaports in CALABARZON

Transportation Solution Map With the world going into the
fourth industrial revolution side
The Transportation Solution Map of by side with the Internet of Things
CALABARZON shows the existing (the interconnection via the Internet of
infrastructures for land, sea and air gadgets/devices) this brings technology
transportation. Also, in the map is the and devices to be used in new different
proposed transportation infrastructures ways for business and everyday lives.
that will further improve connectivity Business transactions and operations
within and outside the Region. The develop fast and change drastically
proposed national road projects will help with the development of information
in providing land transportation along the technology. Thus the need for more
pacific coast of CALABARZON as there ICT infrastructures is more apparent in
is a lack of a road network in this area. this current time for CALABARZON
Other than providing a transportation to remain competitive in business
network these roads will help in spurring and services being provided through
development in the municipalities along the internet.
the Pacific Coast. Mass transportation
such as railways was proposed to provide Goal: Create an efficient and stable
other modes of transportation to the virtual connectivity in the entire
public and will help in decongesting CALABARZON Region
roads. The proposed railway project
will also help in improving commuter Objectives:
experience by providing other options in • Increase coverage area
mass transport. The proposed railways • Improve access to reliable and secure
will help in transporting goods in internet connection
and outside the Region and it is also • Ensure affordable, reliable and secure
integrated with the sea ports in postal and telecommunications services
CALABARZON. Further proposed
toll roads and expressways will be Strategies:
interconnected with existing toll roads • Encourage private sector to
and expressways for a seamless include missionary areas in their
road network that will help alleviate network coverage
decongested national roads. Proposed • Construct communications
seaports and airports will be placed infrastructure to expand coverage and
strategically to interconnect with road access to virtual connectivity
networks and will be able to service • Prioritize construction of
the majority of the population. Overall communications infrastructure in
the transportation solution map remote areas of CALABARZON
envisions a strengthened east-west • Invest on disaster resilient
connection within the Region and a ICT infrastructures
strengthened interconnectivity in and • Government to facilitate
outside of CALABARZON. construction of fiber optic
communication infrastructure
Communications Infrastructure • Promote research and development on
ICT development in collaboration with
Being an industrial region and home academic and research institutions
to a growing services sector and • Encourage more telecommunication
enterprises, ICT is vital to sustain and players to enter the market
boost regional economic growth and • Increased public and private investments
competitiveness. Thus, there is a need to • Promote free Wi-Fi connection in
improve the ICT network and capacity public places and education institutions
of CALABARZON.

Map 4.45 Airports in CALABARZON

Programs/Projects: high-voltage transmission lines and
• Philippine Community e-Center microwave radio hops which connect
(PhilCeC) (2016-2017) and Internet Luzon Visayas and Mindanao via 2
Government Philippine Program routes – through Mindoro and Bicol,
(iGovPhil) (2012-Onwards). The operated at 2.5 Gbps (STM-16), 622
infrastructure includes the creation Mbps (STM-4) and 155 Mbps (STM-
of data centers, layout of fiber-optic 1) capacities.
networks to interconnect government
offices and provide high speed Water Supply and Sanitation
communications. The software includes
online tools, services and applications Adequate water supply is needed to
for the use of government agencies support agricultural, commercial
and citizens. and domestic activities of a growing
• Pipol Konek Free WiFi (2016-2026) – population. Existing water resources
free internet access to approximately have to be preserved to ensure accessible,
2,540,618 unique devices/users affordable, safe and sustainable
• DOST’s Smarter Philippines water supply.
(2013-Onwards)
• National Broadband Plan On sanitation, regional centers and major
(2017-Onwards) urban centers have to establish a sewerage
• National Cybersecurity Plan systems for the increasing population
(2017-2022) and economic activities. Improved
• National Digital Terrestrial Television sanitation infrastructure and processes
Broadcasting Migration Plan will contribute to improved living and
(2017-2023) health conditions.
• Government Emergency
Communications System Goal: Sufficient water supply and sanitation
(2019-Onwards) – mobile operations facilities to meet the needs of households
vehicle for emergency hub and and industries
dispatch, and the development of
Disaster Response Management and Objectives:
Information System • Increase the percentage of households
• Data Privacy System Registration with Level III water supply coverage
Program and Data Privacy Advocacy • Increase the percentage of households
• Philippine Integrated Infostructure Level II water supply system in
(2017-2020) – National Broadband Plan rural areas
consistent with the National Spatial • Ensure all barangays have access to at
Strategy of PDP 2017-2022 least level 1 water supply
• Private Infostructures: • Ensure appropriate sewerage and
• Domestic Fiber-Optic Network septage system is available in all areas
(DFON) – PLDT’s nationwide fiber
optic backbone network Strategies:
• Globe Fiber Optic Backbone Network • Upgrade water supply infrastructures
(FOBN) – 3 FOBN connecting to improve access to safe, adequate,
the entire Philippine Archipelago, affordable and sustainable water supply
complements networks thru digital • Provide sanitation facilities, sewerage
terrestrial microwave synchronous and septage management services
digital hierarchy systems nationwide • Strengthen implementation of water
• National Grid Corporation of resources and sanitation policies
the Philippines (NGCP) Telecom • Study other possible sustainable
Backbone Network – supports water resources
operation of electricity grid in entire • Strengthen government coordination
archipelago, optical paths along on water supply management

Map 4.46 CALABARZON Transportation Solution, 2017-2046

Map 4.47 Cell Sites in CALABARZON

Map 4.48 Mobile Network Coverage

• Strengthen partnerships with the private implementation issues on water resource
sector on water supply management management such as water extraction
• Develop potential and sustainable and declining level of ground water.
water resources
• Prioritize surface water source Programs and Projects:
over ground water particularly in
critical areas Phase I
• Localize national policies to support • Bulk Water Supply Projects
sustainable water services (2012-January 2019)
• Conduct stringent monitoring of • SALINTUBIG (2011-2022)
ground water extraction • Cardona Water Treatment Plant
• Implement measures on efficient water (March 2016-August 2019)
use such as collection of rainwater run- • Laguna Rivers Project (2014-Onwards)
off for office and household uses • Rainwater Harvesting and Water
• Forge stronger collaboration and Impounding Projects
establishing clear coordination • Sewerage system construction in
mechanisms between national agencies Regional centers and major urban areas
and local government on water supply • Replacement of old water lines and
and management, and sewerage and septage or sewerage pipes
septage systems
• Intensify advocacy on water Phase II
conservation measures • Walwa-Calawis Project
• Ensure protection of the environment • Cavite Water Source Project
through proper watershed management, • East Bay Laguna Lake
surface water quality control and • Establishment of Regional body for
proper drainage Water Supply Subsector
• Conduct of study the feasibility of Laguna • Development of Water
Lake to serve as a hydro-technology Management Plan
production zone where certain areas
will be reserved for innovative lake Irrigation
water treatment to produce potable
water for surrounding LGUs To continue and facilitate agricultural
• Prioritize the construction of sewerage development in the Region,
systems in major urban centers and fast implementation of major irrigation
urbanizing areas projects should be fast-tracked to
• Enhance capacities of LGUs to plan, ensure adequate supply of irrigation to
implement and monitor water supply agriculture areas.
and sewerage or septage projects
• Ensure strict implementation and Goal: Protect and increase total irrigated
monitoring of the National Sanitation area in CALABARZON
Code by national and local government
• Intensify partnership with the private Objective:
sector, in particular water service • Construct DRR-CCA
providers, to tap private sector resources enhanced irrigation facilities in
and expertise on infrastructure and underserved areas
facilities on sanitation, sewerage • Rehabilitate inefficient
and septage irrigation systems
• Strengthen coordination among • Maintain existing irrigation systems
National Irrigation Administration, • Provide adequate irrigation facilities
Local Water Utilities Administration, especially in underserved areas
Metropolitan Waterworks and
Sewerage System, and National Water
Resources Board result in policy and

Strategies: Goal: Minimize damage from flooding by
• Implement RA 8435 to protect strengthening flood control and drainage
irrigated lands and facilities identified management and infrastructures
as part of the Network of Protected
Areas for Agricultural and Objective:
Agro-industrial Development • Prevent encroachment on easement of
• Use alternative sources of water for water bodies
irrigation facilities • Improve solid waste management in
• Develop irrigation dam projects and LGUs to improve drainage water flow
small-scale irrigation • Improve drainage systems
• Protect irrigated and potential irrigable
lands from land conversion Strategies:
• Ensure strict implementation of policies • Conduct a flood risk assessment study
on agricultural land conversion such to better understand flooding situation
that irrigation canals should be free in the Region and identify interventions
from ISFs and establishments to minimize effect of flood
• Develop new water sources like • Protect infrastructure right-of-way to
rainwater collection, waste water allow construction of drainage canals
recycling, and atmosphere/ and waterways that will help mitigate
moisture capture effect of flooding
• Provide government subsidy on capital • Allocate sufficient funding for flood
investment and financing of operation control and sewerage projects to
and management of irrigation facilities minimize risk of flood damage
• Prioritize construction and repair of
Programs/Projects: dikes, seawalls, river control, revetment,
• Irrigation Dams drainage, waterways and other flood
• Rehabilitation and Restoration of control structures
Irrigation Systems (under NISRIP, • Apply DRRM and CCA strategies
2012-present) in the planning and design of flood
• Small Scale and Community- management structures such as
based Reservoir Irrigation Projects maintaining open spaces and following
(2001-present) open space provisions in the building
• Quipot irrigation project (2012-2020) code to allow the natural movement
• Macalelon Small Reservoir Irrigation or drainage of water minimizing
Project (2013-2019) risk of flood
• Rehabilitation and Improvement of • Develop a comprehensive flood control
Dumacaa RIS under NISRIPP master plans for areas in the same
drainage system to integrate national
Flood Control and Drainage and local drainage systems that will
help facilitate water flow and lower risk
Flooding in urban centers and urbanizing of flood
areas is common due to poor solid • Enhance the capacities of agencies and
waste management, encroachment of local governments on flood management
settlements to the easement of water and solid waste management
bodies, extensive concreting of the • Implement an effective garbage
land and sedimentation of rivers and collection and disposal system to avoid
streams. The CALABARZON Regional clogging of drainage systems
Development Council created the • Strong enforcement of LGUs and
Flood Control-Technical Working concerned agencies of policies
Group to facilitate the conduct of the protecting water bodies to minimize
CALABARZON Flood Risk Assessment cause of flooding
Study to serve as a blueprint for flood
control master planning.

Map 4.49 Irrigation Projects in CALABARZON

Programs/Projects: in the provision or construction
• Cavite Industrial Area Flood of school buildings and other
Management Project (2020-2025) educational facilities
• Spillway to Pacific Ocean by • Review and revise, when necessary,
Tunnel Project existing criteria and procedures in
• Flood Risk Management Project (Imus allocation school building projects
River Component) (2015-2020) within the Region
• CALABARZON Flood Risk • Design school buildings based on the
Assessment Study needs of the community
• Ensure strong coordination with
Social Infrastructure LGUs to assure lots for school
buildings are available to avoid delays
Social infrastructure refers to facilities in construction
that aid the delivery of social services.
These include schools, hospitals, and Programs and Projects:
rural health units. Fast population growth • Senior High School Building Project
necessitates that social infrastructures (2014-2022)
are adequate and accessible to all. • Public-Private Partnership School
Infrastructure Project (2015-present)
Education Facilities and projects funded under Bottom-
Up Budgeting which include the
Goal: Provide sufficient educational construction of school libraries, faculty
infrastructure with complete rooms, school fences, provision of school
support facilities furniture and fixtures, rehabilitation of
classrooms, among others
Objectives:
• Address infrastructure deficit Health Facilities
particularly the shortage of school
buildings, classrooms and facilities Goal: Provide adequate health
especially in basic education infrastructure to meet the needs of the
• Ensure quality of education population and improve existing health
infrastructure and facilities facilities with complete equipment
Strategies: Objectives:
• Construct school buildings • Improve the capacity of existing
and classrooms that are health facilities
DRR and CCA resilient, and • Ensure the quality of health
provide for the requirements of infrastructure and facilities
differently-abled students
• Repair and rehabilitate dilapidated Strategies:
school buildings and facilities • Prioritize investments on health
• Provide adequate water and sanitation infrastructure facilities in remote and
facilities to protect the health rural areas
and ensure the safety of teachers • Expand physical facilities and upgrade
and learners equipment and services of existing
• Prioritize investments on education hospitals in the Region
infrastructure facilities in remote and • Enhance access to specialized services
rural areas in Batangas Medical Center as well as
• Ensure stringent monitoring of the in other hospitals and barangay health
implementation of school building units in the Region
projects under the K-12 program • Align local health development plans
• Strengthen the partnership between to national health development plans
the government and the private sector which includes the acquisition of

Map 4.50 Flood Control Projects in CALABARZON

right-of-way and lands that can be used • Increase contribution of renewable
for the construction of health facilities energy as power source
• Include proper waste management
system, water and sanitation in Strategies:
the plans of existing and proposed • Construct new power plants,
health facilities substations, and transmission
• Strengthen convergence of DOH, extensions to enhance sustainability
DPWH and other relevant agencies on and redundancy of power supply in
infrastructure programs to serve the the power grid as well as cushion impact
needs of the health sector of supply disruption during major
• Strengthen partnership between the maintenance power plant shutdowns
government and the private sector in the • Rehabilitate, maintain and/or
implementation of health infrastructure enhance power generation and
projects to meet the increasing demand transmission facilities
for health services in the Region • Encourage investments in
• Mobilize and strengthen existing Health power generation and energy
Service Delivery Network efficient technology
• Accelerate or streamline business
Programs and Projects: processes of the government for power
• Health Facility Enhancement Program projects to attract more investors
(2008-Onwards) • Prioritize provision of electricity
• Upgrade the capacities of the Regional services to the remaining off-grid and
and provincial hospitals to meet remote communities with no electricity
the existing and future hospital • Ensure rural electrification to provide
bed requirements greater access to services and better
infrastructure and improve the quality
Power, Transmission of life of the poor
and Electrification • Explore and develop sustainable
and renewable energy such as
CALABARZON hosts several power geothermal, hydropower, solar and
plants that contribute electricity to the wind and development and use of
Luzon Grid. As of 2015, there were indigenous resources
17 power plants located in the Region • Formulate policy interventions to
with an aggregate installed capacity of encourage development of renewable
6,918.50 megawatt and a dependable energy source
capacity of 6,135.50 megawatt. However,
despite the increasing capacity of the Programs and Projects:
power sector, the supply cannot meet • San Buenaventura Power Limited
the demand for power brought by Co. Project in Mauban, Quezon
the increasing population and (2015-2019)
industrialization, hence the events • Pagbilao Combined Cycle Gas Fired
of power shortage. In response to Power Plant in Pagbilao, Quezon
the increasing demand for power, • CW Home Depot Solar Power Project,
CALABARZON shall continue to Sta. Rosa City, Laguna
encourage the development of renewable • Asia Gas Biogas Power Plant Project,
energy like geothermal, hydropower, Batangas (2015-2017)
nuclear, solar and wind. • Sitio Electrification Program
(2011-Onwards)
Objective: • R&D for Pollution Control in Coal-
• Increase energy supply Fired Power Plants
• Increase coverage and access to power
supply in the Region

Solid Waste Management Programs and Projects:
Solid waste management continues to be a Phase I

challenge in the Region with the growing • Technical assistance to LGUs on the
population and economic activities. preparation of Solid Waste Management
The challenge remains as many LGUs plans (2001-2020)
still need to improve their solid waste • Sanitary landfill in cities
management and disposal systems. (2006-Onwards) and municipalities
and immediate closure of open and
Goal: Efficient solid waste controlled dumpsites (2001-2006)
management systems • Waste-to-Energy (WTE) technologies
(2019, established guidelines on
Objectives: establishment & operation of
• Establish sanitary landfills WTE facilities)
• Establish other means of solid waste • CALABARZON Sanitasyon Basura
disposal apart from land fill Watch Program (2019-Onwards)
• Improve efficiency of recycling centers • Scholarship Projects: “Eco-Bank” and
and materials recovery facilities through “Trash Fund”
solid waste practices and technology • Plastic for Food project
• Basurinihan
Strategies: • Zero Waste Month (2014-Onwards)
• Invest in technologies to improve solid • Electronic Recycling project
waste management practices (DENR certified Envirocycle)
• Establish facilities for alternative • Installation Solid Waste Containers in
technologies to address scarcity in land public areas
for landfill purposes • Nationwide IEC on 3Rs for Solid Waste
• Ensure stringent monitoring of Management
accredited haulers in dumping wastes • Solid Waste Management
and compliance to the Memorandum Program Forum
of Agreement regarding sanitary • Local market for recycled goods
landfills and proper use of the facility
• Install waste collection and disposal Phase II
systems appropriate to local conditions • SWM Financing Assistance for LGUs
• Ensure efficient and standardized • Capacity Development of LGUs in the
operations in the sanitary landfills Design of SWM Facilities
and material recovery facilities by • LGU-Wide ESWM System in 3 aspects
strengthening solid waste management (segregation at source, segregated
capacity, practices, and operations collection, and MRF)
of LGUs • Establishment of Compost
• Promote clustering of LGUs in the Facilities at the provincial, city, and
establishment of sanitary landfills and municipal levels
processing technologies • Institutionalization of Municipal/
• Strengthen national government City Environment and Natural
oversight, enforcement, technical and Resources Office
financial support for local government • Strengthening the National and
to have complete, approved and Regional Ecology Centers
operational SWM plans
• Enhance the capacity of concerned
agencies on the monitoring and
management of hazardous wastes

Map 4.51 Sanitary Landfills in CALABARZON

Chapter 5
Plan Implementation,
Monitoring and Evaluation
Mechanism
Plan Implementation
The CALABARZON DRRM & CCA involve the active participation and
Enhanced RPFP 2017-2046 is a 30-year cooperation of the regional line agencies,
perspective plan which is equivalent to local government units, private sector
five medium-term plans. This is in view and other stakeholders. Therefore, it is
of the fact that physical development imperative to legitimize the process by
takes time to manifest on the ground seeking endorsement and approval of the
notwithstanding the rapid economic RDC so that the approved plan will be
growth that may happen over time. The recognized and utilized in development
plan sets the direction of the physical efforts of various stakeholders.
development of CALABARZON within
the next three decades. At the onset, the link of the RPFP with
the national and local plans has to be
CALABARZON RDC, the highest established to achieve consistency and
policy and planning body in the Region, synergy. This may include establishing
will coordinate the implementation linkages of the RPFP with the overall
of the CALABARZON DRRM & planning system, policy formulation
CCA Enhanced RPFP 2017-2046. The and implementation advocacies at the
implementation of the Plan would national and local levels.
Plan Integration and the Planning Process

The planning process and structure PDPFPs of the provinces and CLUPs of
provides for the active participation of highly-urbanized and independent
government and private sector, at the same component cities as provided for under
time, allow for vertical and horizontal Executive Order No. 72, and through
integration of the national, regional, the power of provincial governments
local plans and their accompanying to review and approve the CLUPs and
investment programs. zoning ordinances of component cities
and municipalities as mandated by the
The vertical integration of the RPFP is Local Government Code of 1991.
achieved by aligning the spatial policies
of the RPFP with the National Framework Horizontal integration ensures that the
for Physical Planning 2001-2030 and RPFP serves as a basis for the preparation
by ensuring that the PDPFPs and City/ of the RDP and Regional Development
Municipal CLUPs take the RPFP into Investment Program (RDIP), and for the
consideration. The vertical integration review and endorsement to the national
of the PDPFPs and CLUPs is effected government of the annual budgets of
through the power of the Regional agency Regional offices, state universities
Land Use Committee to review the and colleges, and special development
Chapter 5 Plan Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism | 207

authorities. The RDP shall serve as one Sectoral plans of various agencies and
of the guiding instruments of the RPFP LGUs must also be aligned with the
by translating the overall goals and spatial policies of the RPFP to ensure plan
objectives of the four major policy areas consistency and attainment of its goals
of the RPFP into specific RDP targets. The and objectives.
RPFP shall also serve as the framework
for the formulation of the specific sector
programs and projects of the RDP which
in turn is translated into the RDIP.
Plan Monitoring, Evaluation and Replanning

Plan monitoring will focus on addressing Other than the RPMES, the Annual
the primary physical and spatial issues Regional Development Report (RDR)
and concerns in the Region. The RLUC is another mechanism that will monitor
and the Local Land Use Committees shall and evaluate the accomplishments and
establish a system that would monitor development challenges of the objectives
the changes to the physical and socio- and targets of the RPFP included in
economic environment as a consequence the results matrices of the RDP. Hence,
of the planned and unplanned the review and updating of the RPFP
developments both in the public and may become necessary every six years,
private sectors. Plan monitoring can coinciding the term of the administration
be done through the Regional Project and the medium-term development
Monitoring and Evaluation System plans. To ensure proper integration
(RPMES), in coordination with between the RPFP and the RDP, any
implementing agencies. The RPMES changes in the RDP that has spatial
shall regularly generate information implications should be reflected in the
on the status of programs and projects updating of the RPFP.
implementation and its impact on the
physical development of the Region.
Implementation Support
In pursuing the attainment of the goals capability of local planners in preparing
and objectives of the RPFP, plan advocacy local development and physical
is essential. Advocacy activities can framework plans.
be in the form of public information
and promotional programs specified Areas for further studies in the RPFP
in the communication plan which will be identified and included in the
aims to increase awareness, encourage priority research agenda of the Region.
participation and gain support of The Regional Development Research
various stakeholders in implementing Agenda shall guide the research and
the Plan. innovation undertakings of the RDP and
the RPFP. Priority shall be given to studies
Capability building programs will also that support the attainment of the goals
be conducted particularly in vertical and objectives of the plan and provides
integration of plans into PDPFPs and evidenced-based policies, strategies
CLUPs of cities and municipalities, and development interventions. The
mainstreaming of DRR-CCA, and training various research consortia, research and
on gender analysis, hazard mapping development institutions and five state
and data analysis. Further studies on universities and colleges and one national
urban, Regional and spatial planning university in the Region shall spearhead
as well as environmental planning will the conduct of the studies.
also be encouraged to strengthen the

List of Acronyms
A&D Alienable and disposable
AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic
AAPGR average annual population growth rate
AFF Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
AMS Apolinario Mabini Superhighway
BGTOM Build-Gradual Transfer Operate-and-Maintain
BUB Bottom Up Budgeting
CAAP Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
CADT certificate of ancestral domain title
CALA Cavite-Laguna
CAVITEX Cavite Expressway
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
CCW Centers, Corridors and Wedges
CLUPs Comprehensive Land Use Plans
CSPC Committee for the Special Protection of Children
CTMS Cellular Mobile Telephone Service
DFON Domestic Fiber-Optic Network
DRR disaster risk reduction
ENIPAS Enhanced National Integrated Protected Areas System
FOBN Fiber Optic Backbone Network
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product
HUC Highly Urbanized City
ICCs Indigenous Cultural Communities
ICT Information, Communication and Technology
IMR Infant mortality rate
IP indigenous people
IPs Indigenous Peoples
ISFs informal settler families
LGU local government unit
LQ location quotient
LSDF Luzon Spatial Development Framework
MCX Muntinlupa Cavite Expressway
MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conference and Exhibition
MMR Maternal mortality ratio
MPPMNGPL Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape
MRFs Materials Recovery Facilities
MSEZ Manufacturing Special Economic Zones
MW megawatts
Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | 209

NAIA Ninoy Aquino International Airport
NAPC National Anti-Poverty Commission
NCR National Capital Region
NEA National Electrification Authority
NES National Ecotourism Strategy
NFPP National Framework for Physical Planning
NGCP National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System
NSRP North-South Railway Project
NSS National Spatial Strategy
NTC National Telecommunications Commission
OFWs Overseas Filipino Workers
PDPFP Provincial Development Physical Framework Plans
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
PhilCeC Philippine Community e-Center
PNR Philippine National Railway
PoP Point of Presence
PPAN Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
PSIP Public-Private Partnership School Infrastructure Project
PWDs Persons with Disability
RBADC Resource-based Area Development Cluster
RDIP Regional Development Investment Program
RDP Regional Development Plan
RDR Regional Development Report
RERBA Real Estate, Renting and Business Activity
ROLL-IT Roads Leveraging Linkages of Industry and Trade
RPFP Regional Physical Framework Plan
RPMES Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System
RSCWC Regional Sub-Committee for the Welfare of Children
SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones
SEP Sitio Electrification Program
SHS Senior High School
SWM Solid Waste Management
TSC Transport, Storage and Communication
TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training
TVPL Taal Volcano and Protected Landscape
UGC Urban Growth Cluster
VCR volume capacity ratio
WTE Waste-to-Energy
Published by:
National Economic and Development Authority Region IV-A

Barangay Milagrosa, Calamba City, Laguna 4027
Tel: (+6349) 502-0229 / (+6349) 502-0289
Email: calabarzon.neda@gmail.com / rdc.calabarzon@gmail.com
Website: http://calabarzon.neda.gov.ph

CALABARZON - RPFPDec222020

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CALABARZON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

Message of the RDC Chairperson vii

Message of the RLUC Chairperson ix

List of Tables xiii

Chapter 2: Vision, Overall Goal and Objectives 7

List of Acronyms 209

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | iii

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | v

The CALABARZON Regional Physical Framework

Given the increasing and conflicting demands for

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | vii

The CALABARZON Regional Physical

The DRR-CCA enhanced CALABARZON RPFP

The reformulation of the CALABARZON RPFP is a multi-stakeholder approach

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | ix

• Ayala Land, Inc.

Special acknowledgement is also given to the following data and resource

• Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xi

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xiii

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xv

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xvii

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xix

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 | xxi

Purpose and Objectives

Guiding Principles and General

2 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Organization of the Plan

4 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Chapter 5 discusses the institutions and

Vision, Overall Goal, and

Chapter 2 Vision, Overall Goal, and Objectives | 7

8 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

The Planning Environment

Chapter 3 The Planning Environment | 9

CALABARZON is composed of the The City of Calamba serves as the regional

Table 3.2 Political Subdivision, CALABARZON, 2019

Cavite Imus City 8 - 7 16 829

10 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Chapter 3 The Planning Environment | 11

12 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Map 3.4 CALABARZON Population Map, 2010

Map 3.5 CALABARZON Population Map, 2015

Chapter 3 The Planning Environment | 13

Cavite 2,063,161 3,090,691 3,678,301 4.12 3.37

14 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Chapter 3 The Planning Environment | 15

Map 3.8 CALABARZON Population Density Map, 2010

Map 3.9 CALABARZON Population Density Map, 2015

16 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Table 3.4 Distribution of Cities/Municipalities, By Population Size,

Table 3.5. CALABARZON Population Density, 2000, 2010 and 2015

Table 3.6 Percentage Distribution of Urban Population, CALABARZON, 2015

Lucena City 90.8 92.5

Chapter 3 The Planning Environment | 17

18 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046

Table 3.7 CALABARZON Built-up Areas, 2015

Table 3.8 5-Level Network of Settlements, 2015

Chapter 3 The Planning Environment | 19

Map 3.11 CALABARZON Built-up Area, 2010

Map 3.12 CALABARZON Built-up Area, 2015

20 | Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046