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Map Introduction

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 gS;f (Map)
 “Graphical Representation of Geographical
Setting”
hldgsf] s'g} lglZrt e"–efunfO{ lglZrt dfggfk (Scale) df
ptf/LPsf] dfg lrqnfO{ g} gS;f elgG5 .
o;n] gfk–gS;f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;"rgfx?nfO{ k|of]u stf{ ;Dd
k'¥ofpg] sfd ub{5 .
gS;fdf ljleGg hldgsf ljj/0fx?nfO{ ;+s]t lrGxåf/f k|:t't
ul/Psf] x'G5 . gS;fdf k|of]ustf{n] :ki6 ;+u a'‰g ;sf];
eGgsf nflu ljleGg /+ux?sf] klg k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 .
 gS;f (Map)

gS;fn] hldgdf /x]sf ljleGg j:t'x?sf] cjl:ytL, cfsf/,

nDafO{, rf}8fO{, :jfldTj h:tf ljljw hfgsf/L k|of]ustf{
;dIf k'¥ofpg] sfd ub{5 .

gS;fn] cg'kflts ?kdf 36fPsf] gfkf]df jf:tljs ;+;f/

lrq0f ub{5 jf jf:tljs ;+;f/nfO{ gS;fn] ;fgf] sfuhdf
vfFb]/ b]vfpF5 .
gS;f (Map)
 gS;fdf x'g'kg]{ tTjx?
• dfggfk
• ;+s]t lrGx
• gfkgS;f ul/Psf] ldlt
• gS;f gDa/
• 7]ufgf
• k|sfzs

klxnf klxnf gS;f, df6f]df, ?vsf] kftdf, 5fnfdf jgfpg

z'?jft ul/of] . lj:tf/} sfuh Knfli6s x'Fb} xfn sDKo'6/df gS;f
agfpg z'? ePsf] 5 .
 lsQfgfkL
hUuf gfk hfFr P]g @)!( cg';f/,
• ærf/}lt/ ;fFwn] 3]/LPsf], k|To]s :yfgdf xs ef]u / ls;Lddf
;dfgtf ePsf] hldgsf] 6'qmfnfO{ lsQf elgG5 .Æ
• æk|rlnt g]kfn sfg'g adf]lhd hUufdf hUuf wgL xs x'g]
JolQmnfO{ hUufwgL elgG5 .Æ
• æhldgsf ljleGg lsQfx?sf] 7"nf] dfggfkdf gfk gS;f ul/
lt lsQfx?sf] If]qkmn, lsl;d, :jfldTj, lsQf gDa/ Plsg
ul/ nut tof/ ug{sf lgldQ ul/g] gfkLnfO{ lsQfgfkL
elgG5 .Æ
 lsQfgfkL
dfnkf]t p7fpgsf] nflu cfwf/sf] cfjZostf ePsfn]
hUufsf] ls;Ld, l;dfgf, l:ytL, If]qkmn, :jfldTj,
df]xLofgL, jfnLgfnL cflb ljifosf] hfgsf/L /fVg z'?
ul/of] .
To;}n] lo ljljw k|sf/sf ljifox?sf] Joj:yLt nut
tof/ ug{ sfo{sf] z'?jft ;+u ;+u} a}1flgs tj/n]
gS;fdf cfwfl/t e"ld nut tof/ ug]{ k4ltsf] ljsf;
eof] h;nfO{ lsQf gfkL elgG5 .
 lsQfgfkL ;DjGwL s]xL zJb / ltgsf JofVof

lsQf M rf/}lt/ ;fFwn] 3]l/Psf] / k|To]s :yfgdf xsef]u / lsl;ddf ;dfgtf

ePsf] hdLgsf] 6'qmf .
lsQfgfkL M hUuf?kL ;Dkltsf] k|To]s lsQf hUuf ;fFw l;dfgf :ki6 5'l§g] u/L
gfkL u/]/ gS;f jgfO{ tL lsQfx?sf] nut tof/ ug]{ .
lsQf gS;f M k|To]s JolQmsf] :JfldTj leqsf ;fgf 7"nf ;j} lsQf hUuf 5'l§g]
u/L l;nl;nfa4 ?kn] 7"nf] dfg gfkdf gfkL u/L tof/ u/]sf] gS;f .
;fFw M b'O{ leGg 6'qmf hUufsf] jLrsf] l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;df/]vf .
l;df lglZrt ug‘{]M gfkL ;'? ug'{ cl3 k|To]s lsQf hUufsf] ;fFw vf]hL u/L
lglZrt ug]{ .
l;dfÍgM ;DjlGwt JolQmx?sf] /f]xj/df ynf]d} uO{ ls6fg ;fy l;dfgf 5'6ofO{
lbg] sfd .
 lsQfgfkL ;DjGwL s]xL zJb / ltgsf JofVof

lkmN8j's M u|flkmsn t/Lsfn] tof/ u/]sf] xfd|f] gS;f leqsf k|To]s lsQf
hUufsf] hUufwgL hf]tfxf If]qkmn cflb gfk gS;fsf] l;nl;nfdf lkmN8d}
tof/ ul/g] nutdf hUufwgL tyf hf]tfxfx?sf] k|df0f cg';f/ n]lvPsf]
l7s nfu]df pgLx?n] b:tvt u/L lbg] nut k'l:tsfnfO{ lkmN8j's elgG5
hUuf /lhi6«]zg M hUuf /lhi6«]zg eGgfn] hUuf dflysf] xsflwsf/sf]
lnvt kq tof/ u/L cyjf hUuf ?lk ;DklQ dflysf] :jfldTj ;/sf/L
nutdf r9fpg] t/LsfnfO{ j'emfpF5, o;sf] cy{ hUuf dflysf] clwsf/
;/sf/L /lhi6/df sfod 5 cyjf lgwf{l/t 6'qmf hUuf dflysf] sfg"g L
cj:yfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] lnvt kq eGg] j'emfpF5, o; zAbn] Æsf]Æ /
Æs;/LÆ eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbG5 .
 lsQfgfkLsf] p2]Zo
-!_lsQfdf cfwfl/t 7"nf] dfggfkdf gS;f tof/ ug'{ .
-@_hUufsf] ls;Ld, If]qkmn, :jfldTj, xsef]u cflbsf] nut
Joj:yLt ?kn] tof/ ug'{
-#_j8f, uf=lj=;=, g=kf=, lhNnf, c~rn, l;dfgf b]vfpg' .
-$_cGo ljsf; sfo{sf nflu cfjZos ;"rgfx? k|bfg ug'{ .
-%_e"ld k|zf;gnfO{ Joj:yLt jgfpg ;xof]u ug'{ .
 lsQf gfkLsf] OltxfF;
-!_ P]ltxfl;s gfkL -@_ k|f/DeLs gfkL -uf]/vf
/fhfsf] kfnfdf_
-#_ 8+uf]n gfkL -!(#)_ -$_ kmf}hL gfkL -!(^#_
-%_ cfw'lgs lsQfgfkL -^_ k|mL;L6 gfkL -@)@!_
-&_ l6«u ;L6 gfkL -@)@*_ -*_ l8hL6n gfkL -xfn_
 lsQfgfkL gS;f
hldgsf lsQfx? k|i6 ;+u 5'l§Psf], lsQf gDa/ pNn]v ePsf],
7"nf] dfggfksf] gS;fnfO{ lsQfgfkL gS;f elgG5 . lsQfgfkL
gS;fdf lgDg ljj/0f ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 .
-!_ gS;fsf] gDa/ -@_ dfg gfk
-#_ gS;f ;"lr gDa/ -$_ ;+s]t lrGx
-%_ ldlt -^_ gS;f tof/ ug]{ JoQmL
-&_ pQ/ lbzf -*_ gS;f leqsf] ljj/0f
-(_ cflwsf/Lstf
 g]kfndf k|rlnt ljleGg :s]nsf lsQfgfkL gS;f
gS;fsf] dfggfk ( scale of map ) eGGffn] gS;fdf ePsf s'g} b'O{ ljGb'x?
ljrsf] b'/L / tL b'O{ laGb'x?sf] ;DalGwt hldgsf] b'/Lsf]] cg'kftnfO{ j'lemG5 .

olb !M%)) :s]nsf] gSzfdf b'O{ ljGb' ljrsf] b'/L 5cm eP hldgdf tL b'O{
ljGb' ljrsf] b"/L slt xf]nf <

olb s'g} b'O{ ljGb' s / v jLrsf] b"/L gSzfdf %;]=dL= 5 / ;f]xL b'O{ ljGb'x?sf]
b'/L hldgdf %) dL6/ eP pQm gSzfsf] Scale slt xf]nf
g]kfndf k|rlnt ljleGg :s]nsf lsQfgfkL gS;f
Metric scale Feet System
1:500 1”=100’
1:1250 1”=200’
1:2500 1”=400’
-!_ !M@%))  !%& – !#^^
-@_ !M!@%)  !%& – !#^^ – $
-#_ !M%))  !%& – !#^^ – )$
g]kfndf k|rlnt ljleGg k|sf/sf lsQfgfkL gS;f
-!_ d"n gS;f
-@_ 6«}; gS;f
-#_ kmfOn gS;f
-$_ kf;{n gS;f
g]kfndf lgoGq0fsf cfwf/df @ k|sf/sf gS;f 5g .
-!_ lk|m l;6 gS;f
-@_ l6«u l;6 gS;f
 gS;fdf k|of]u x'g] ;+s]t lrGx

s'g} n]vsn] kf7snfO{ cfˆgf efjx? zAbx? dfkm{t

hfgsf/L lbP h:t} gS;f tof/ ug]{ JolQmn] gS;f
k|of]u ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;+s]t lrGxx?sf] k|of]u u/]/
j:t'x?sf] ljifout ;"rgf lbG5 . jf:tljs
ljj/0fx?nfO{ gS;fdf b]vfpg g;lsg] x'gfn] ;+s]t
lrGxsf] gS;fdf cfjZostf kb{5 .
 ;+s]t lrGxsf u'0fx? M
-!_ ;+s]t lrGx ;fgf] Pj+ ;fwf/0f x'g'k5{ .

-@_ jf:tljs :j?k ;+u ldNg] x'g'k5{ .

-#_ ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ x'g'k5{ .

lsQfgfkL gS;fdf k|of]u ul/g] ;+s]t lrGxx?
-!_ ljGb' ;+s]t M ?v, 3/, dGbL/
-@_ /]vf ;+s]t M ;8s, gbL, gx/
-#_ If]qkmn ;+s]t M jgIf]q, cfjfbL If]q
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