● abide by (phv): (formal)

to accept and act according to law, an agreement, etc.

We will ___ their decision

● abrogate (v)

(ˈæbrəɡeɪt): (formal)

to officially end a law, an agreement, etc.

SYN: repeal

The rule has been ___ by mutual consent.

● abrogation (n)

(ˌæbrəˈɡeɪʃn): (formal)

the fact of officially ending a law, an agreement, etc.

the ___ of civil rights in the country

● accede (v)

(əkˈsiːd): (formal)

to agree to a request, proposal, etc.

Japan had little choice but to ___

● acceptance (n)

(əkˈseptəns): (uncountable)

the act of agreeing with something and approving of it

The new laws have gained widespread ___

● accommodate (v)

(əˈkɑːmədeɪt): (formal)

consider sth such as sb's opinion or a fact

Our proposal tries to ___the special needs of minority groups

● accommodation (n)

(əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn): (formal)
an agreement between people or groups with different opinions; the process of
reaching this agreement

They were forced to reach an ___ with the rebels.

● accord (n)

(əˈkɔːrd): a formal agreement between two organizations, countries, etc. ((chính trị)
hiệp định, hiệp ước)

The two sides signed a peace ___ last July.

● alliance (n)

(əˈlaɪəns): an agreement between countries, political parties, etc. to work together

___ with the Greens

● allow (v)

(əˈlaʊ): (formal)

to accept or admit something; to agree that something is true or correct

The judge ___ my claim

● ally (v)

(əˈlaɪ): to give your support to another group or country

The prince ___ himself with the Scots

● appeal (n)

(əˈpiːl): ___ to something: an indirect suggestion that any good, fair or reasonable
person would act in a particular way

an ___ to reason

● appeal (v)

(əˈpiːl): to try to persuade somebody to do something by suggesting that it is a

fair, reasonable or honest thing to do

● arbitrate (v)

(ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt): to officially settle an argument or a disagreement between two

people or groups

They rejected the offer of an ___ settlement.

● arbitration (n)
(ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃn): the official process of settling an argument or a disagreement by
somebody who is not involved

Trade unions want the question referred to ___

● arbitrator (n)

(ˈɑːrbɪtreɪtər): a person who is chosen to settle a disagreement

An outside ___ may be appointed in such cases

● argue into/ out of doing (phv)

to persuade somebody to do/not do something by giving them reasons

They ___ withdrawing his complaint.

● arm-twisting (n)

(ˈɑːrm twɪstɪŋ): (informal)

the use of a lot of pressure or even physical force to persuade somebody to do

something

● acquiesce (v)

(ˌækwiˈes): (formal)

to accept something without arguing, even if you do not really agree with it

She explained her plan and reluctantly he ___

● acquiescence (n)

(ˌækwiˈesns): (formal)

the fact of being willing to do what somebody wants and to accept their opinions, even
if you are not sure that they are right

There was general ___ in the UN sanctions

● acquiescent (adj)

(ˌækwiˈesnt): (formal)

willing to do what somebody wants and accept their opinions, even if you are not sure
that they are right

The peasants proved more ___ than had been expected.

● bargain (v)
(ˈbɑːrɡən): to discuss prices, conditions, etc. with somebody in order to reach an
agreement that is acceptable

SYN: negotiate

In the market dealers were ___ with growers over the price of coffee.

● bargaining (n)

(ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ): discussion of prices, conditions, etc. with the aim of reaching an

agreement that is acceptable

SYN: negotiation

After much hard ___ we reached an agreement.

● bargaining chip (n)

(ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ tʃɪp): a thing that can be used to get an advantage when reaching an
agreement with another group

The release of the prisoners was used as a ___

● bargaining power (n)

(ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ paʊər): the amount of control a person or group has when reaching
an agreement with another group in a business or political situation

The smaller states' efforts to exercise their collective ___ against multinationals have
failed

● beat down (phv)

to persuade somebody to reduce the price at which they are selling something

I ___ the price to $6 000

● bend to (phv)
(formal)

to force or persuade somebody to do what you want or to accept your opinions

He manipulates people and tries to ___ them ___ his will

● blag (v)

(blæɡ): (British English)

(informal)

to persuade somebody by talking cleverly

I___ some tickets for the game.

● blandishments (n)
(ˈblændɪʃmənts): (plural)
(formal)

pleasant things that you say to somebody or do for them to try to persuade them to do
something

He refused to be moved by either threats or ___

● bow to (phv)
to agree unwillingly to do something because other people want you to

They finally ___ pressure from the public

● breach (n)

(briːtʃ): (formal)

an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular way

a ___ of security

● breach (v)

(briːtʃ): (formal)

to not keep to an agreement or not keep a promise

SYN: break

The proposed changes ___ trade union rules

● bribe (n)

(braɪb): a sum of money or something valuable that you give or offer to

somebody to persuade them to help you, especially by doing something dishonest

She had been offered a $50 000 ___ to drop the charges.

● bribe (v)

(braɪb): to give somebody money or something valuable in order to persuade

them to help you, especially by doing something dishonest

She ___ him to sign the certificate.

● bring A and B together (phv)

to help two people or groups to end a disagreement

The loss of their son ___ the two of them ___

● bring somebody round (phv):

(British English)

to persuade somebody to agree to something

He didn't like the plan at first, but we managed to ___ him ___

● buy-in (n)

(ˈbaɪ ɪn): (business)

the fact of accepting a policy or change because you agree with it

You need to win people's ___

● capitulate (v)

(kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt): to agree to do something that you have been refusing to do for a

long time

SYN: yield

They were finally forced to ___ to the terrorists' demands.

● capitulation (n)

(kəˌpɪtʃuˈleɪʃn): agreement to do something that you have been refusing to do for

a long time

___ to political pressure

● carrot (n)

(ˈkærət): a reward promised to somebody in order to persuade them to do

something

They are holding out a ___ of $120 million in economic aid.

● cement (v)

(sɪˈment): to make a relationship, an agreement, etc. stronger

SYN: strengthen

The president's visit was intended to ___ the alliance between the two countries.

● coax (v)

(kəʊks): to persuade somebody to do something by talking to them in a kind and

gentle way

He was ___out of retirement to help the failing company.

● coaxing (adj)
(ˈkəʊksɪŋ): trying to persuade somebody gently

a ___ voice

● coaxing (n)

(ˈkəʊksɪŋ): gentle attempts to persuade somebody to do something or to get a

machine to start

My car needs a lot of ___ to start in the winter

● collaborate (v)

(kəˈlæbəreɪt): to work together with somebody in order to produce or achieve

something

Researchers around the world are ___ to develop a new vaccine

● collaboration (n)

(kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn): the act of working with another person or group of people to

create or produce something

It was a ___ that produced extremely useful results.

● collaborative (adj)

(kəˈlæbəreɪtɪv): (formal)

involving, or done by, several people or groups of people working together

a ___ effort/venture

● collective (adj)

(kəˈlektɪv): done or shared by all members of a group of people; involving a

whole group or society

___leadership responsibility

● collude (v)

(kəˈluːd): (formal, disapproving)

to work together secretly or illegally in order to trick other people (thông đồng)

The president accused his opponents of ___ with foreigners.

● collusion (n)

(kəˈluːʒn): (formal, disapproving)

secret agreement especially in order to do something dishonest or to trick people

● collusive (adj)

(kəˈluːsɪv): (formal, disapproving)

having or based on a secret agreement especially in order to do something dishonest

or to trick people

There is a secret ___ relationship between politics and the media which the outside
world rarely glimpses.

● commitment (n)

(kəˈmɪtmənt): a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a

promise to support somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself

● common ground (n)

(ˌkɑːmən ˈɡraʊnd): opinions, interests and aims that you share with somebody,
although you may not agree with them about other things

Despite our disagreements, we have been able to find some ___

● compact (n)

(ˈkɑːmpækt): (formal)

a formal agreement between two or more people or countries

The government has signed a ___ of free association.

● complaisance (n)

(kəmˈpleɪzəns): (old-fashioned)

the fact of being ready to accept other people's actions and opinions and to do what
other people want

● complaisant (adj)

(kəmˈpleɪzənt): (old-fashioned)

ready to accept other people's actions and opinions and to do what other people want

She was a ___ wife and dutiful daughter

● compliance (n)

(kəmˈplaɪəns): the practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in

authority

● compliant (adj)
(kəmˈplaɪənt): too willing to agree with other people or to obey rules

We should not be producing ___ students who do not dare to criticize.

● compromise (n)

(ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz): an agreement made between two people or groups in which

each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the
end

After lengthy talks, the two sides finally reached a ___

● compromise (v)

(ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz): to give up some of your demands in order to reach an

agreement after disagreeing with somebody

Neither side is prepared to ___

● concede (v)

(kənˈsiːd): to admit that something is true, logical, etc. after first denying it or
resisting it

● concession (n)

(kənˈseʃn): something that you allow or do or allow somebody to have, in order to

end an argument or to make a situation less difficult

to win a ___ from somebody

● conclude (v)

(kənˈkluːd): (formal)

to arrange and settle an agreement with somebody formally and finally

A trade agreement was ___ between the two countries.

● concord (n)

(ˈkɑːnkɔːrd): (formal)

peace and agreement

SYN: harmony

living in ___ with neighbouring states

● concordant (with something) (adj)

(kənˈkɔːrdənt): (formal)
in agreement with something

The findings are ___ with similar studies in other countries

● concordat (n)

(kənˈkɔːrdæt): an agreement, especially between the Roman Catholic Church

and the state

● consensual (adj)

(kənˈsenʃuəl): (formal)

that people, in general, agree with

a ___ approach

● consensus (n)

(kənˈsensəs): an opinion that all members of a group agree with

an attempt to reach a ___

● consent (n)

(kənˈsent): agreement about something

By mutual ___they didn't go out

● consent (v)

(kənˈsent): (rather formal)

to agree to something or give your permission for something

When she told them what she intended, they readily ___

● contract (n)

(ˈkɑːntrækt): (informal)

an agreement to kill somebody for money

She took out a ___ on her enemies

● contract (v)

(kənˈtrækt): to make a legal agreement with somebody for them to work for you
or provide you with a service

He can't work for them because he is ___with another company.

 ● contract in (phv)
(British English)

to formally agree that you will take part in something

You are strongly advised to ___ the scheme

● contract out (phv)

(British English)

to formally agree that you will not take part in something

Many employees ___ of the pension plan.

● contractual (adj)

(kənˈtræktʃuəl): connected with the conditions of a legal written agreement;

agreed in a contract

We have ___ obligations to control prices.

● contractually (adv)

(kənˈtræktʃuəli): in a way that is connected with the conditions of a legal written

agreement, or that is agreed in a contract

The landowner is ___ obliged to maintain and conserve the land.

● convention (n)

(kənˈvenʃn): an official agreement between countries or leaders

the Geneva ___

● cooling-off period (n)

(/ˌkuːlɪŋ ˈɔːf pɪriəd): a period of time during which two sides that disagree try to
reach an agreement before taking further action, for example by going on strike

● cooperate (v)

(kəʊˈɑːpəreɪt): to work together with somebody else in order to achieve

something

The two groups agreed to ___with each other.

● cooperation (n)

(kəʊˌɑːpəˈreɪʃn): the fact of doing something together or of working together

towards a shared aim

They offered their ___ on the project.

 ● cooperative (adj)

(kəʊˈɑːpərətɪv): involving doing something together or working together with

others towards a shared aim

This is a ___ venture with the University of Copenhagen.

● coordinate (v)

(kəʊˈɔːrdɪneɪt): to organize the different parts of the activity and the people
involved in it so that it works well

a carefully ___ policy

● coordination (n)

(kəʊˌɔːrdɪˈneɪʃn): the act of making parts of something, groups of people, etc.

work together in an efficient and organized way

The aim was to improve the ___ of services.

● countenance (v)

(ˈkaʊntənəns): to support something or agree to something happening

SYN: consent to

The committee refused to ___ his proposals.

● covenant (n)

(ˈkʌvənənt): a promise to somebody, or a legal agreement, especially one to pay

a regular amount of money to somebody/something

a ___ to a charity

● covenant (v)

(ˈkʌvənənt): to promise or legally agree to do something or give somebody

something, especially to pay a regular amount of money to somebody/something

All profits are ___ to medical charities.

● dangle (v)

(ˈdæŋɡl): to offer somebody something good in order to persuade them to do

something

He ___ the prospect of enormous wealth before us.

● defer to (phv):

to agree to/ accept sb’s decisions

We will ___ whatever the committee decides.

● dishonour (v)

(dɪsˈɑːnər): (formal)

to refuse to keep an agreement or a promise

He had ___ nearly all of his election pledges

● dissolution (n)

(ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn): (formal)

the act of officially ending a marriage, a business agreement or a parliament; the act of
breaking up an organization, etc.

The company was set up following the ___ of the Soviet Union.

● dissolve (v)

(dɪˈzɑːlv): to officially end a marriage, business agreement or parliament

Their marriage was ___ in 1999.

● dissuade (v)

(dɪˈsweɪd): to persuade somebody not to do something

I tried to ___ him from giving up his job

● entice (v)

(ɪnˈtaɪs): to persuade somebody/something to go somewhere or to do something,

usually by offering them something

SYN: persuade

a plan to ___ mothers back to work

● exhort (v)

(ɪɡˈzɔːrt): (formal)

to try hard to persuade somebody to do something

SYN: ruge

The party leader ___ his members to start preparing for government.

● exhortation (n)

(ˌeɡzɔːrˈteɪʃn): (formal)
an act of trying very hard to persuade somebody to do something

The play becomes a strong ___ to enjoy life while you still can.

● expire (v)

(ɪkˈspaɪər): (of a document, an agreement, etc.) to be no longer legally acceptable

When does your driving licence ___?

● expiry (n)

(ɪkˈspaɪəri): an ending of the period of time when an official document can be used, or
when an agreement is legally acceptable

the ___ of a fixed-term contract

● fence-mending (n)

(ˈfens mendɪŋ): (uncountable)

an attempt to improve relations between two people or groups and to try to find a
solution when they disagree

● gentleman's agreement (n)

(ˌdʒentlmənz əˈɡriːmənt): an agreement made between people who trust each

other, which is not written down and which has no legal force

● get (a)round (phv):

to persuade somebody to agree or to do what you want, usually by doing nice things
for them

She knows how to ___ her dad.

● get out of (phv):

to persuade somebody to tell or give you something, especially by force

The police finally ___ a confession ___ her.

● give (v)

(ɡɪv): to agree to change your mind or give up some of your demands

You're going to have to ___ a little.

● go along with (phv):

to agree with somebody/something

SYN: agree

I don't ___ her views on private medicine.

 ● go with (phv):
to agree to accept something, for example, a plan or an offer

You're offering £500? I think we can ___ that.

● hammer out (phv)

to discuss a plan, an idea, etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is made

to ___ a compromise

● harangue (v)

(həˈræŋ): (disapproving)

to speak loudly and angrily in a way that criticizes somebody/something or tries to

persuade people to do something

He walked to the front of the stage and began to ___ the audience.

● harangue (n)

(həˈræŋ): (disapproving)

a long loud angry speech that criticizes somebody/something or tries to persuade

people to do something

● hash out (phv):

(informal)(especially North American English)

to discuss something carefully and completely in order to reach an agreement or

decide something

We still need to ___ the details of the contract.

● hold out for (phv):

to cause a delay in reaching an agreement because you hope you will gain something

The union negotiators are ___ a more generous pay settlement.

● hold with (phv):

to agree with something

SYN: approve

I don't ___the use of force.

● honest broker (n)

(ˌɑːnɪst ˈbrəʊkər): a person or country that tries to get other people or countries
to reach an agreement or to solve a problem, without getting involved with either side
 ● honor (v)

(ˈɑːnər): (US English)

to do what you have agreed or promised to do

She is determined to ___ her husband's dying wish.

● honour system (n)

(ˈɑːnər sɪstəm): an agreement in which people are trusted to obey rules

● horse-trading (n)

(ˈhɔːrs treɪdɪŋ): the activity of discussing business with somebody using clever or
secret methods in order to reach an agreement that suits you

political ___

● humour (v)

(ˈhjuːmər): to agree with somebody's wishes, even if they seem unreasonable, in

order to keep the person happy

She thought it best to ___ him rather than get into an argument

● induce (v)

(ɪnˈduːs): (formal)

to persuade or influence somebody to do something

Nothing would ___ me to take the job.

● inducement (n)

(ɪnˈduːsmənt): something that is given to somebody to persuade them to do

something

SYN: incentive

There is little ___ for them to work harder.

● sync (n)

(sɪŋk): in agreement with somebody/something; working well with

somebody/something

His opinions were in ___with those of his colleagues.

● intercede (v)

(ˌɪntərˈsiːd): (formal)
to speak to somebody in order to persuade them to be kind to somebody else or to
help settle an argument

They ___ with the authorities on behalf of the detainees.

● intercession (n)

(ˌɪntərˈseʃn): (formal)

the act of speaking to somebody in order to persuade them to be kind to somebody

else or to help settle an argument

the ___ of a priest

● interest in (phv):

to persuade somebody to buy, do or eat something

Could I ___you ___ this model, Sir?

● intermediary (n)

(ˌɪntərˈmiːdieri): a person or an organization that helps other people or

organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between
them

All talks have so far been conducted through an ___

● intermediary (adj)

(ˌɪntərˈmiːdieri): helping other people or organizations to make an agreement by

being a means of communication between them

to play an ___ role in the dispute

● intervene (v)

(ˌɪntərˈviːn): to become involved in a situation in order to improve or help it

She might have been killed if the neighbours hadn't ___

● intervention (n)

(ˌɪntərˈvenʃn): action taken to improve or help a situation

calls for government ___ to save the steel industry

● jolly into doing (phv):

to persuade or encourage somebody to do something by making them feel happy

about it

● lobby (v)
(ˈlɑːbi): to try to influence a politician or the government

Women's groups are ___ to get more public money for children.

● lobbyist (n)

(ˈlɑːbiɪst): a person whose job involves trying to influence politicians or the

government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the
law

political ___

● lure (v)

(lʊr): (disapproving)

to persuade or trick somebody to go somewhere or to do something by promising them

a reward

SYN: entice

The child was ___ into a car but managed to escape.

● make up (phv):

to put powder, lipstick, etc. on your/somebody's face to make it more attractive or to

prepare for an appearance in the theatre, on television, etc.

● mediate (v)

(ˈmiːdieɪt): to try to end a situation between two or more people or groups who
disagree by talking to them and trying to find things that everyone can agree on

Wilson tried to ___ between the European powers to end the war.

● mediation (n)

(ˌmiːdiˈeɪʃn): attempts to end a problem between two or more people or groups

who disagree by talking to them and trying to find things that everyone can agree on

The ___ process is without admission of liability.

● mediator (n)

(ˈmiːdieɪtər): a person or an organization that tries to get agreement between

people or groups who disagree with each other

A Swedish diplomat acted as ___ between the government and the rebels.

● mend (v)

(mend): to find a solution to a problem or disagreement

They tried to ___ their differences.

● middle ground (n)

(ˈmɪdl ɡraʊnd): a set of opinions, decisions, etc. that two or more groups who
oppose each other can agree on; a position that is not extreme

Negotiations have failed to establish any ___

● moderator (n)

(ˈmɑːdəreɪtər): a person whose job is to help people or groups who disagree to

reach an agreement

● modus vivendi (n)

(ˌməʊdəs vɪˈvendiː): (from Latin, formal)

an arrangement that is made between people, institutions or countries

The two states reached a kind of ___

● nail down (phv):

to reach an agreement or a decision, usually after a lot of discussions

All the parties seem anxious to ___ a ceasefire.

● negotiable (adj)

(nɪˈɡəʊʃiəbl): that you can discuss or change before you make an agreement or a
decision

The price was not ___

● nobble (v)

(ˈnɑːbl): (British English)

(informal)

to persuade somebody to do what you want, especially illegally, by offering them

money

his attempts to ___ the jury

● nullify (v)

(ˈnʌlɪfaɪ): to make something such as an agreement or order lose its legal force

SYN: invalidate

Judges were unwilling to ___ government decisions.

 ● oneness (n)

(ˈwʌnnəs): (formal)

the state of being completely united with somebody/something, or of being in complete

agreement with somebody

a sense of ___ with the natural world

● pact (n)

(pækt): a formal agreement

The two parties agreed on an electoral ___

● parley (n)

(ˈpɑːrli): (old-fashioned)

a discussion between enemies or people who disagree

● party (n)

(ˈpɑːrti): (countable) (formal)

one of the people or groups of people involved in a legal agreement or argument

The contract can be terminated by either ___ with three months' notice

● patch up (phv):

to agree on something, especially after long discussions and even though the
agreement is not exactly what everyone wants

They managed to ___ a deal.

● peacekeeper (n)

(ˈpiːskiːpər): a person who tries to stop people arguing or fighting

She's the ___ in that family.

● peacemaker (n)

(ˈpiːsmeɪkər): a person who tries to persuade people or countries to stop arguing

or fighting and to make peace

She always acted as the ___when family arguments boiled over.

● peace offering (n)

(ˈpiːs ɔːfərɪŋ): a present given to somebody to show that you are sorry for
something or want to make peace after an argument
can I cook you dinner as a ___?

● persuasion (n)

(pərˈsweɪʒn): the act of persuading somebody to do something or to believe

something

She has great powers of ___

● prenuptial agreement (n)

(priːˌnʌpʃl əˈɡriːmənt): an agreement made by a couple before they get married in

which they say how their money and property is to be divided if they get divorced

● press (v)

(pres): to make strong efforts to persuade or force somebody to do something

● pressure (v)

(ˈpreʃər): to persuade somebody to do something, especially by making them feel

that they have to or should do it

His father ___ him to accept a job in the bank.

● pressurize (v)

(ˈpreʃəraɪz): (British English)

to persuade somebody to do something, especially by making them feel that they have
to or should do it

Stop trying to ___ me!

● prevail on to (phv)
to persuade somebody to do something

I'm sure he could be ___ give a talk.

● protocol (n)

('prəʊtəkɑːl): the first or original version of an agreement, especially a treaty

between countries, etc.; an extra part added to an agreement or treaty

the first Geneva ___

● proviso (n)

(prəˈvaɪzəʊ): (formal)

a condition that must be accepted before an agreement can be made (điều khoản)
Their participation is subject to a number of important ___

● put aside (phv):

to ignore or forget something, usually a feeling or difference of opinion

They decided to ___ their differences.

● ratification (n)

(ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn): the act or process of making an agreement legally valid by voting

for or signing it (sự phê chuẩn)

The agreement is subject to ___ by the Senate

● ratify (v)

(ˈrætɪfaɪ): to make an agreement officially or legally valid by voting for or signing

it
The treaty was ratified by all the member states.

● realign (v)

(ˌriːəˈlaɪn): to change your opinions, policies, etc. so that they are the same as
those of another person, group, etc. (điều chỉnh, chỉnh sửa)

The rebel MPs have ___ themselves with the opposition party.

● realignment (n)

(ˌriːəˈlaɪnmənt): the act of changing your opinions, policies, etc. so that they are
the same as those of another person, group, etc.

political realignments

● reason with (phv):

to talk to somebody in order to persuade them to be more sensible

I tried to ___ him, but he wouldn't listen.

● reconcilable (adj)

(ˌrekənˈsaɪləbl): (formal)

if differences or disagreements are ___, they can be settled in an acceptable way

● reconcile (v)

(ˈrekənsaɪl): (formal)

to make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement

The pair were ___ after Jackson made a public apology.

● reconciliation (n)

(ˌrekənsɪliˈeɪʃn): an end to a disagreement or conflict with somebody and the

start of a good relationship again

The pair are bravely attempting a ___

● red line (n)

(ˌred ˈlaɪn): an issue or a demand that one person or group refuses to change
their opinion about during a disagreement or negotiations

The issue of sovereignty is a ___ that cannot be crossed

● referee (n)

(ˌrefəˈriː): a person who is asked to settle an argument

to act as a ___ between the parties involved

● relent (v)

(rɪˈlent): (formal)

to finally agree to something after refusing

The government has ___ on this issue.

● renege (v)

(rɪˈneɡ): (formal)

to break a promise, an agreement, etc.

to ___ on a deal

● rescind (v)

(rɪˈsɪnd): to officially state that a law, contract, decision, etc. no longer has any
legal force (hủy bỏ)

The agreement was ___ on 20 March 1993.

● rescission (n)

(rɪˈsɪʒn): (formal)

the act of cancelling or ending a law, an order, or an agreement

● resolution (n)
(ˌrezəˈluːʃn): the act of solving or settling a problem, argument, etc. (nghị quyết, quyết
định)

SYN: settlement

The government is pressing for an early ___of the dispute.

● retract (v)

(rɪˈtrækt): (formal)

to refuse to keep an agreement, a promise, etc.

to ___ an offer

● rupture (n)

(ˈrʌptʃər): (formal)

the ending of agreement or of good relations between people, countries, etc.

a ___ in relations between the two countries

● rupture (v)

(ˈrʌptʃər): (formal)

to make an agreement or good relations between people or countries end

● seal (v)

(siːl): to make something definite, so that it cannot be changed or argued about

to seal a ___

● seduce (v)

(sɪˈduːs): to persuade somebody to do something that they would not usually

agree to do by making it seem very attractive

advertisements that ___ us with promises

● settlement (n)

(ˈsetlmənt): an official agreement that ends an argument between two people or

groups

The management and unions have reached a ___ over new working conditions.

● smooth-talking (adj)

(ˌsmuːð ˈtɔːkɪŋ): (usually disapproving)

talking very politely and confidently, especially to persuade somebody to do something,
but in a way that may not be honest or sincere

a ___ lawyer

● soften up (phv):

(informal)

to try to persuade somebody to do something for you by being very nice to them before
you ask them

Potential customers are ___ with free gifts before the sales talk.

● the fine print (n)

(ðə ˌfaɪn ˈprɪnt): (North American English)

the important details of an agreement or a legal document that are usually printed in
small type and are therefore easy to miss

● sign (v)

(saɪn): to sign a document to show that you have agreed to buy something or do
something

The band ___with Virgin Records.

● signatory (n)

(ˈsɪɡnətɔːri): (formal)

a person, a country or an organization that has signed an official agreement

Many countries are ___ to/of the Berne Convention

● sign on (phv):

to sign a form or contract which says that you agree to do a job or become a soldier; to
persuade somebody to sign a form or contract like this

He ___ for five years in the army.

● sign up (phv):

to sign a form or contract which says that you agree to do a job or become a soldier; to
persuade somebody to sign a form or contract like this

The company has ___ three top models for the fashion show

● sign up to (phv):

(British English)
to commit yourself to a project or course of action, especially one that you have agreed
with a group of other people, countries or organizations

How many countries have ___ the Paris agreement on climate change

● silver tongue (n)

(ˌsɪlvər ˈtʌŋ): (formal)

great skill at persuading people to do or to believe what you say

● silver-tongued (adj)

(ˌsɪlvər ˈtʌŋd): (formal)

showing skill at persuading people to do or to believe what you say

● the negotiating table (n)

(ðə nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪtɪŋ teɪbl): (singular)

a formal discussion to try and reach an agreement

We want to get all the parties back to ___

● the small print (n)

(ðə ˈsmɔːl prɪnt): (British English)

the important details of an agreement or a legal document that are usually printed in
small type and are therefore easy to miss

Read all ___ before signing

● submission (n)

(səbˈmɪʃn): the act of accepting that somebody has defeated you and that you
must obey them

His response was one of resistance, not ___

● submissive (adj)

(səbˈmɪsɪv): too willing to accept somebody else's authority and willing to obey
them without questioning anything they want you to do

She followed him like a ___ child.

● submissively (adv)

(səbˈmɪsɪvli): in a way that shows you are willing to accept somebody else's
authority and willing to obey them without questioning anything they want you to do
You're right and I was wrong,' he said ___

● submit (v)

(səbˈmɪt): (formal)

to accept the authority, control or greater strength of somebody/something; to agree to

something because of this

She refused to ___ to threats.

● subscribe to (phv):

(formal)

to agree with or support an opinion, a theory, etc.

● sway (v)

(sweɪ): to persuade somebody to believe something or do something

● sweeten (v)

(ˈswiːtn): (informal)

to try to make somebody more willing to help you, agree to something, etc. by giving
them money, praising them, etc.

● talk into (phv):

to persuade somebody/yourself to do/not to do something

I didn't want to move abroad but Bill ___ me ___ it

● talk out of (phv):

to persuade somebody/yourself to do/not to do something

She tried to ___ him ___ leaving.

● talk over (phv):

to discuss something carefully and completely, especially in order to reach an

agreement or make a decision

● talk round (phv):

(British English)

to persuade somebody to accept something or agree to something

We finally managed to ___ them ___ to our way of thinking

 ● tempt (v)

(tempt): to persuade or try to persuade somebody to do something that you want

them to do, for example by offering them something

● term (n)

(tɜːrm): (formal)

the end of a particular period of time, especially one for which something is expected to
last

● terms (n)

(tɜːrmz): (plural)

conditions that you agree to when you buy, sell, or pay for something; a price or cost

My ___ are £20 a lesson.

● tie-up (n)

(ˈtaɪ ʌp): (British English)

an agreement between two companies to join together

They're negotiating a ___ with Ford.

● tolerance (n)

(ˈtɑːlərəns): the quality of being willing to accept or tolerate somebody/something,

especially opinions or behaviour that you may not agree with, or people who are not
like you

religious ___

● tolerant (adj)

(ˈtɑːlərənt): able to accept what other people say or do even if you do not agree
with it

He has a very ___ attitude towards other religions

● tolerantly (adv)

(ˈtɑːlərəntli): in a way that shows you are able to accept what other people say or
do even if you do not agree with it

● toleration (n)

(ˌtɑːləˈreɪʃn): the fact of being willing to allow something that you do not like or
agree with to happen or continue
He preached ___ for all religions.

● treaty (n)

(ˈtriːti): a formal agreement between two or more countries

a peace ___

● truce (n)

(truːs): an agreement between enemies or opponents to stop fighting for an

agreed period of time; the period of time that this lasts

to call/break a ___

● uncontentious (adj)

(ˌʌnkənˈtenʃəs): (formal)

not likely to cause people to disagree

The proposal is relatively ___

● uncontroversial (adj)

(ˌʌnkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl): not causing, or not likely to cause, people to disagree

an ___ opinion

● understand (v)

(ˌʌndərˈstænd): to agree something with somebody without it needing to be said

I thought it was ___ that my expenses would be paid.

● undertake (v)

(ˌʌndərˈteɪk): to agree or promise that you will do something

He ___ to finish the job by Friday.

● undertaking (n)

(ˌʌndərˈteɪkɪŋ): (countable) (formal)

an agreement or a promise to do something

a government ___ to spend more on education

● violate (v)

(ˈvaɪəleɪt): (formal)
to go against or refuse to obey a law, an agreement, etc.

● violation (n)

(ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn): (formal)

the act of going against or refusing to obey a law, an agreement, etc.

They were in open ___ of the treaty.

● violator (n)

(ˈvaɪəleɪtər): (formal)

a person, government, etc. that goes against or refuses to obey a law, an agreement,
etc. or does not respect somebody's rights

notorious human rights ___

● warranty (n)

(ˈwɔːrənti): a written agreement in which a company selling something promises

to repair or replace it if there is a problem within a particular period of time

SYN: guarantee

The television comes with a full two-year ___

● wheedle (v)

(ˈwiːdl): (disapproving)

to persuade somebody to give you something or do something by saying nice things

that you do not mean

● win around (phv):

to get somebody to change their opinion about something and give you their support
and approval

She's against the idea but I'm sure I can ___ her ___

● work on (phv):

to try to persuade somebody to agree to something or to do something

He hasn't said he'll do it yet, but I'm ___ him.

● wrap up (phv):

(informal)
to complete something such as an agreement or a meeting in an acceptable way

That just about ___ it ___ for today.

● write into (phv):

to include a rule or condition in a contract or an agreement when it is made

A penalty clause was ___ the contract.

● yes-man (n)

(ˈjes mæn): (disapproving)

a person who always agrees with people in authority in order to gain their approval

● yield (v)

(jiːld): (formal)

to stop resisting something/somebody; to agree to do something that you do not want

to do

After a long siege, the town was forced to ___

● admit of (phv):

(formal)

to show that something is possible or likely as a solution, an explanation, etc.

● apocryphal (adj)

(əˈpɑːkrɪfl): (of a story) well known, but probably not true

Most of the stories about him are ___

● a priori (adj,adv)

(ˌɑː priˈɔːri): (formal)

using facts or principles that are known to be true in order to decide what the likely
effects or results of something will be, for example saying 'They haven't eaten anything
all day so they must be hungry.'

an ___ assumption

● arguable (adj)

(ˈɑːrɡjuəbl): not certain; that you do not accept without question

SYN: debatable
It is ___whether the case should ever have gone to trial

● assure (v)

(əˈʃʊr): (formal)

to make yourself certain about something

He ___ himself of her safety

● assured (adj)

(əˈʃʊrd): certain to happen

SYN: guaranteed

Success seemed ___

● buoyancy (n)

(ˈbɔɪənsi): the feeling of being cheerful and feeling sure that things will be
successful

a mood of ___

● buoyant (adj)

(ˈbɔɪənt): cheerful and feeling sure that things will be successful

They were all in ___ mood.

● calculate (v)

(ˈkælkjuleɪt): to guess something or form an opinion by using all the information

available

SYN: estimate

It is impossible to ___ what influence he had on her life.

● cast-iron (adj)

(ˌkæst ˈaɪərn): (British English)

very strong or certain; that cannot be broken or fail

a ___ guarantee

● categorical (adj)

(ˌkætəˈɡɔːrɪkl): (formal)
expressed clearly and in a way that shows that you are very sure about what you are
saying (phân minh, minh bạch)

to make a ___ statement

● cert (n)

(sɜːrt): (British English, informal)

a thing that is sure to happen or be successful

That horse is a dead ___ for the next race.

● certainty (n)

(ˈsɜːrtnti): (countable)

a thing that is certain

He return to the team now seems a ___

● certitude (n)

(ˈsɜːrtɪtuːd): (formal)

a feeling of being certain; a thing about which you are certain

the collapse of moral ___

● check on (phv):

to make sure that there is nothing wrong with somebody/something

● check over (phv):

to examine something carefully to make sure that it is correct or acceptable

___ your work for mistakes

● check through (phv):

to examine something carefully to make sure that it is correct or acceptable

We ___ the photographs to make sure there were none missing

● check up on (phv):

to make sure that somebody is doing what they should be doing

My parents are always ___ me.

● cinch (n)
(sɪntʃ): (singular)(informal)

a thing that is certain to happen; a person who is certain to do something

He's a ___ to win the race

● cinch (v)

(sɪntʃ): (North American English, informal)

to make something certain

● cliffhanger (n)

(ˈklɪfhæŋər): a situation in a story, film, competition, etc. that is very exciting

because you cannot guess what will happen next, or you do not find out immediately
what happens next

The first part of the serial ended with a real ___

● cliffhanging (adj)

(ˈklɪfhæŋɪŋ): connected with a situation in a story, film, competition, etc. that is

very exciting because you cannot guess what will happen next, or you do not find out
immediately what happens next

● cold (adj)

(kəʊld): used in children's games to say that the person playing is not close to
finding a person or thing, or to guessing the correct answer

● concrete (adj)

(ˈkɑːnkriːt): based on facts, not on ideas or guesses

'It's only a suspicion,' she said, 'nothing ___'

● concretely (adv):

in a way that is based on facts, not on ideas or guesses

● conjectural (adj)

(kənˈdʒektʃərəl): (formal)

(of an opinion or idea) not based on definite knowledge; formed by guessing

Some of the stages of the earth's development are purely ___

● conjecture (n)

(kənˈdʒektʃər): (formal)
an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing

The truth of his ___ was confirmed by the newspaper report

● conviction (n)

(kənˈvɪkʃn): the quality of showing that you believe strongly in what you are
saying

● count on (phv):

to trust somebody to do something or to be sure that something will happen

SYN: bank on

I'm ___ you to help me

● cross-check (v)

(ˌkrɔːs ˈtʃek): to make sure that information, figures, etc. are correct by using a
different method or system to check them

___ your answers with a calculator.

● cross-check (n)

(ˈkrɔːs tʃek): an act of making sure that information, figures, etc. are correct by
using a different method or system to check them

● debatable (adj)

(dɪˈbeɪtəbl): not certain because people can have different ideas and opinions
about the thing being discussed

a ___ point

● decidedly (adv)

(dɪˈsaɪdɪdli): in a way that shows that you are sure and determined about
something

'I won't go,' she said ___

● divine (v)

(dɪˈvaɪn): (formal)

to find out something by guessing

She could ___what he was thinking just by looking at him

● dogmatic (adj)
(dɔːɡˈmætɪk): (disapproving)

being certain that your beliefs are right and that others should accept them, without
paying attention to evidence or other opinions

He was strident and ___ in giving his opinions.

● dogmatically (adv)

(dɔːɡˈmætɪkli): (disapproving)

in a way that shows you are certain that your beliefs are right and that others should
accept them, without paying attention to evidence or other opinions

Nowhere in the report does she provide evidence for these assertions: they are merely
___ stated as fact.

● doubtful (adj)

(ˈdaʊtfl): (of a person) not sure; uncertain and feeling doubt

SYN: dubious

Rose was ___ about the whole idea.

● dubious (adj)

(ˈduːbiəs): not certain about something and suspecting that something may be
wrong; not knowing whether something is good or bad

I was rather ___ about the whole idea.

● easily (adv)

(ˈiːzəli): very probably; very likely

Are you sure you locked the gate? You could ___ have forgotten

● giveaway (n)

(ˈɡɪvəweɪ): (informal)

something that makes you guess the real truth about something/somebody

She pretended she wasn't excited but the expression on her face was a dead ___

● guarantee (v)

(ˌɡærənˈtiː): to be certain that something will happen

You can ___ the children will start being naughty as soon as they have to go to bed.

● guarantor (n)
(ˌɡærənˈtɔːr): a person who agrees to be responsible for somebody or for making
sure that something happens or is done

The United Nations will act as ___ of the peace settlement.

● guesstimate (n)

(ˈɡestɪmət): (informal)

an attempt to calculate something that is based more on guessing than on information

● guesswork (n)
+
(ˈɡeswɜːrk): the process of trying to find an answer by guessing when you do not
have enough information to be sure

It was pure ___ on our part.

● guestimate (n)

(ˈɡestɪmət): (informal)

an attempt to calculate something that is based more on guessing than on information

● halting (adj)

(ˈhɔːltɪŋ): (especially of speech or movement) stopping and starting often,

especially because you are not certain or are not very confident

a toddler's first few ___ steps

● haltingly (adv)

(ˈhɔːltɪŋli): if you speak or move ___ , you stop and start often, especially
because you are not certain or are not very confident

● hazard (v)

(ˈhæzərd): to make a suggestion or guess that you know may be wrong

Is it Tom you're going with?' she ___

● hesitation (n)

(ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn): the fact of being worried about doing something, especially because
you are not sure that it is right or appropriate

I have no ___ in recommending her for the job.

● hot (adj)
(hɑːt): used in children's games to say that the person playing is very close to
finding a person or thing, or to guess the correct answer

You're getting ___

● hypothesis (n)

(haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs): guesses and ideas that are not based on certain knowledge

It would be pointless to engage in ___ before we have the facts

● if (n)

(ɪf): (informal)

a situation that is not certain

If he wins—and it's a big ___—he'll be the first Englishman to win for fifty years

● iffy (adj)

(ˈɪfi): (informal)

not certain

The weather looks slightly ___

● inconclusive (adj)

(ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv): not leading to a definite decision or result

___ discussions

● nailed on (adj)

(ˌneɪld ˈɑːn): (British English, informal)

certain or definite

The referee refused to award a ___ penalty.

● notional (adj)

(ˈnəʊʃənl): (formal)

based on a guess, estimate or theory; not existing in reality

My calculation is based on ___figures since the actual figures are not yet available.

● outlook (n)

(ˈaʊtlʊk): the likely future for somebody/something; what is likely to happen

the country's economic ___

● paradox (n)

(ˈpærədɑːks): a statement containing two opposite ideas that make it seem

impossible or unlikely, although it is probably true; the use of this in writing

It's a work full of ___ and ambiguity

● paradoxical (adj)

(ˌpærəˈdɑːksɪkl): containing two opposite ideas that make it seem impossible or

unlikely, although it is probably true

These seemingly ___ statements need to be looked at a little further to get the true
picture.

● presumably (adv)

(prɪˈzuːməbli): used to say that you think that something is probably true

You'll be taking the car, ___?

● presumption (n):

something that is thought to be true or likely

There is a general ___ that the doctor knows best.

● probabilistic (adj)

(ˌprɑːbəbəˈlɪstɪk): (usually before noun)

(specialist)

(of methods, arguments, etc.) based on the idea that, as we cannot be certain about
things, we can base our beliefs or actions on what is likely

● racing certainty (n)

(ˌreɪsɪŋ ˈsɜːrtnti): (British English, informal)

a thing that is certain to happen

Success for the project seems a ___

● red-hot (adj)

(ˌred ˈhɑːt): used to describe the person, animal or team that is considered
almost certain to win a race, etc.

● reputed (adj)
(rɪˈpjuːtɪd): generally thought to be something or to have done something,
although this is not certain

She sold her share of the company for a ___ £7 million.

● reputedly (adv)

(rɪˈpjuːtɪdli): used to say that something is generally thought to be true, although

this is not certain

He was ___ a millionaire.

● robust (adj)

(rəʊˈbʌst): strong and determined; showing that you are sure about what you are
doing or saying

The company is taking a more ___ approach to management

● robustly (adv)

(rəʊˈbʌstli): in a strong or determined way that shows you are sure about what
you are doing or saying

They defended their policies ___

● robustness (n)

(rəʊˈbʌstnəs): the quality of being strong and determined because you are sure
about what you are doing or saying

She confronted her critics with typical ___

● second-guess (v)

(ˌsekənd ˈɡes): to guess what somebody will do before they do it; to guess how
you will feel in the future

It was impossible to ___ the decision of the jury

● set (adj)

(set): ready
likely to do something; ready for something or to do something

Get ___ ... Go!

● shake (v)

(ʃeɪk): to make a belief or an idea less certain

The incident had ___ her faith in him

 ● shaky (adj)

(ˈʃeɪki): not stable, steady or safe; not certain

That ladder looks a little ___

● slam dunk (n)

(ˈslæm dʌŋk): (North American English, informal)

something that is certain to be successful

Politically, this issue is a ___ for the party

● speculative (adj)

(ˈspekjələtɪv): based on guessing or on opinions that have been formed without

knowing all the facts

The report is highly ___and should be ignored.

● speculatively (adv)

(ˈspekjələtɪvli): in a way that is based on guessing or on opinions that have been

formed without knowing all the facts

We do not know the answer to this question, and it can only be answered ___

● supposedly (adv)

(səˈpəʊzɪdli): according to what is generally thought or believed but not known

for certain

The novel is ___ based on a true story

● sure-fire (adj)

(ˈʃʊr faɪər): (informal)

certain to be successful or to happen as you expect

a ___ success

● surmise (v)

(sərˈmaɪz): (formal)

to guess or suppose something using the evidence you have, without definitely
knowing

I can only___ his reasons for acting as he did

● surmise (n)
(ˈsɜːrmaɪz): (formal)

a guess based on some facts that you know already

This is pure ___ on my part.

● suspected (adj)

(səˈspektɪd): (especially of something bad) believed to have probably happened,

although there is no definite proof

___ tax evasion

● swear by (phv):

to be certain that something is good or useful

She ___ meditation as a way of relieving stress

● tentative (adj)

(ˈtentətɪv): (of an arrangement, agreement, etc.) not definite or certain because

you may want to change it later

___ conclusions

● tentatively (adv)

(ˈtentətɪvli): in a way that is not definite or certain because you may want to
change it later

They have ___ agreed to our proposal

● thumbsuck (n)

(ˈθʌmsʌk): a guess or an estimate

Their sales projections are a total ___

● toss (v)

(tɔːs): to throw a coin in the air in order to decide something, especially by

guessing which side is facing upwards when it lands

SYN: flip

Let's ___ a coin

● uncertainty (n)

(ʌnˈsɜːrtnti): (countable)
something that you cannot be sure about; a situation that makes you not be or feel
certain

life's ___

● undeniable (adj)

(ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbl): true or certain; that cannot be denied

He had ___ charm.

● undeniably (adv)

(ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbli): in a way that is true or certain and cannot be denied

SYN: indisputably

___ impressive

● underestimate (v)

(ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt): to think or guess that the amount, cost or size of something is

smaller than it really is

We ___ the time it would take to get there.

● warm (adj)

(wɔːrm): used to say that somebody has almost guessed the answer to
something or that they have almost found somebody/something that has been hidden

Keep guessing—you're getting ___

● weaken (v)

(ˈwiːkən): to become or make somebody become less determined or certain

about something

You must not agree to do it. Don't ___

● well (adv)

(wel): probably

You may ___ be right.

● about-turn (n)

(əˌbaʊt ˈtɜːrn): (British English)

a complete change of opinion, plan or behaviour

The government did an ___over nuclear energy

 ● accord with (phv):

to agree with or match something

His views ___ public opinion.

● ad hominem (adv,adj)

(ˌæd ˈhɑːmɪnem): (formal)

directed against a person's character rather than their argument

an ___ attack

● adversary (n)

(ˈædvərseri): (formal)

a person that somebody is opposed to and competing with in an argument or a battle

The two of them were old ___

● advocate (v)

(ˈædvəkeɪt): to support something publicly

These policies have been widely ___

● affirmative (adj)

(əˈfɜːrmətɪv): (formal)

an ___ word or reply means 'yes' or expresses agreement

an ___ response to the question

● affirmative (n)

(əˈfɜːrmətɪv): (formal)

a word or statement that means 'yes'; an agreement or a confirmation

She asked if he would give his support to the scheme and he answered in the ___

● affirmatively (adv)

(əˈfɜːrmətɪvli): (formal)

in a way that means 'yes' or expresses agreement

90 per cent voted ___

 ● again (adv)

(əˈɡeɪn): used to introduce a fact or an opinion that contrasts with what you have
just said

We might buy it but then ___ we might not

● agnostic (adj)

(æɡˈnɑːstɪk): not having a strong opinion about an activity or topic

I'm largely ___ on this issue as I know so little about it

● agree (v)

(əˈɡriː): to be the same as something

The figures do not ___

● air (v)

(er): to express your opinions publicly

The issues were openly ___ and discussed by the group.

● airing (n)

(ˈerɪŋ): the expression or discussion of opinions in front of a group of people

an opportunity to give your views an ___

● align yourself with (phv):

to publicly support an organization, a set of opinions or a person that you agree with

Newspapers traditionally ___ themselves ___one political party.

● altercation (n)

(ˌɔːltərˈkeɪʃn): (formal)

a noisy argument or disagreement

A youth became involved in an ___ with a police officer over a parking ticket

● ammunition (n)

(ˌæmjəˈnɪʃn): information that can be used against another person in an

argument

The letter gave her all the ___ she needed.

● anodyne (adj)
(ˈænədaɪn): (formal)

unlikely to offend anyone or cause them to disagree; not expressing strong opinions

● answer for (phv):

(usually in negative sentences)

to say that somebody else will do something or have a particular opinion

I agree, but I can't ___ my colleagues.

● apologia (n)

(ˌæpəˈləʊdʒiə): a formal written defence of your own or somebody else's actions

or opinions

His book was seen as an ___ for the war.

● aporia (n)

(əˈpɔːriə): (specialist)

a situation in which two or more parts of a theory or argument do not agree, meaning
that the theory or argument cannot be true

● appraise (v)

(: (formal)

to consider or examine somebody/something and form an opinion about them or it

● approbation (n)

(ˌæprəˈbeɪʃn): (formal)

approval or agreement

a shout of ___

● arguably (adv)

(ˈɑːrɡjuəbli): used (often before a comparative or superlative adjective) when you

are stating an opinion that you believe you could give reasons to support

He is ___ the best actor of his generation.

● argue with (phv)

(: (informal)

to disagree with a statement

Overall, it's hard to ___ these conclusions.

● argumentation (n)

(ˌɑːrɡjumənˈteɪʃn): logical arguments used to support a theory, an action or an

idea

● argumentative (adj)

(ˌɑːrɡjuˈmentətɪv): a person who is ___ likes arguing or often starts arguing

Everyone in the family was ___

● argy-bargy (n)

(ˌɑːrdʒi ˈbɑːrdʒi): noisy argument

● assent (n)

(əˈsent): (formal)

official agreement to or approval of something

She is by common ___, the best person for the job.

● assent (v)

(əˈsent): (formal)

to agree to a request, an idea or a suggestion

Nobody would ___ to the terms they proposed.

● assert (v)

(əˈsɜːrt): to state clearly and definitely that something is true

The report ___ confidently that the industry will grow

● avowal (n)

(əˈvaʊəl): (formal)

the act of saying clearly and often publicly what your opinion is, what you think is true,
etc.

an ___ of love

● avowed (adj)

(əˈvaʊd): (formal)
that has been admitted or stated in public

an ___ atheist

● back-pedal (v)

(ˌbæk ˈpedl): to change an earlier statement or opinion; to not do something that

you promised to do

The protests have forced the government to ___ on the new tax.

● backtrack (v)

(ˈbæktræk): to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of

pressure from somebody/something

● barney (n)

(ˈbɑːrni): (British English, informal)

an argument

● battleground (n)

(ˈbætlɡraʊnd): a situation in which people are opposed to each other; a subject

that people feel strongly about and argue about

Education policy is an ideological ___

● bellicose (adj)

(ˈbelɪkəʊs): (formal)

having or showing a desire to argue or fight

● assertion (n)

(əˈsɜːrʃn): (countable)

a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true

SYN: claim

He was correct in his ___ that the minister had been lying.

● assertive (adj)

(əˈsɜːrtɪv): expressing opinions or desires strongly and with confidence, so that

people take notice (quả quyết)

___ behaviour

● assertively (adv)
(əˈsɜːrtɪvli): in a strong and confident way, so that people take notice of what you
think or want

● associate (v)

(əˈsəʊsieɪt): (formal)

to show that you support or agree with something

I have never ___ myself with political extremism.

● athwart (adv)

(əˈθwɔːrt): (literary or formal)

not agreeing with; opposite to

His statement ran ___ what was previously said.

● avow (v)

(əˈvaʊ): to say clearly and often publicly what your opinion is, what you think is
true, etc.

An aide ___ that the president had known nothing of the deals

● bellicosity (n)

(ˌbelɪˈkɑːsəti): (formal)

the fact of having or showing the desire to argue or fight

● bias (v)

(ˈbaɪəs): to unfairly influence somebody's opinions or decisions

The newspapers have ___ people against her.

● bickering (n)

(ˈbɪkərɪŋ): the activity of arguing about things that are not important

I wish they would stop their constant ___

● bolshie (adj)

(ˈbəʊlʃi): (British English, informal, disapproving)

(of a person) creating difficulties or arguments deliberately, and refusing to be helpful

she was in a ___ mood.

 ● budge (v)

(bʌdʒ): to change your opinion about something; to make somebody change their
opinion

● bumptious (adj)

(ˈbʌmpʃəs): showing that you think that you are very important; often giving your
opinions in a loud, confident and annoying way

● bunfight (n)

(ˈbʌnfaɪt): (British English, informal)

an angry argument or discussion

● bust up (phv):

(informal)

(of a couple, friends, partners, etc.) to have an argument and separate

They ___ after five years of marriage.

● but (n)

(bʌt): a reason that somebody gives for not doing something or not agreeing

Let us have no ___,' he said firmly. 'You are coming.'

● carry (v)

(ˈkæri): to win the support or sympathy of somebody; to persuade people to

accept your argument

His moving speech was enough to ___ the audience.

● carry on (phv):

(informal)

to argue or complain noisily

He was shouting and ___

● casuistry (n)

(ˈkæʒuɪstri): (formal, disapproving)

a way of solving moral or legal problems by using clever arguments that may be false

● challenging (adj)
(ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ): done in a way that invites people to disagree or argue with you, or
shows that you disagree with them

Dealing with ___ behaviour in school is never easy.

● chameleon (n)

(kəˈmiːliən): (often disapproving)

a person who changes their behaviour or opinions according to the situation

● chime with (phv):

(of plans, ideas, etc.) to agree with something; to be similar to something

His opinions ___ with the mood of the nation

● circular (adj)

(ˈsɜːrkjələr): (of an argument or a theory) using an idea or a statement to prove

something that is then used to prove the idea or statement at the beginning

● circularity (n)

(ˌsɜːrkjəˈlærəti): the fact of an argument or a theory using an idea or a statement

to prove something which is then used to prove the idea or statement at the beginning

There is a dangerous ___ about this argument.

● clash (n)

(klæʃ): an argument between two people or groups of people who have different
beliefs and ideas

SYN: conflict

There has been a head-on ___ between the two candidates over education policy.

● clash (v)

(klæʃ): to argue or disagree seriously with somebody about something, and to

show this in public

The leaders ___ with party members on the issue.

● climb down (phv):

to admit that you have made a mistake or that you were wrong

The government was forced to ___ last night over its handling of pensions.

● climbdown (n)
(ˈklaɪmdaʊn): (British English)

an act of admitting that you were wrong, or of changing your position in an argument

The chancellor was forced into a humiliating ___ on his economic policies.

● clincher (n)

(ˈklɪntʃər): (usually singular) (informal)

a fact, a remark or an event that settles an argument, a decision or a competition

There was a lot of circumstantial evidence but they still needed a ___ something cast
iron that would carry a conviction.

● collide (v)

(kəˈlaɪd): (formal)

(of people, their opinions, etc.) to disagree strongly

They regularly ___ over policy decisions.

● collision (n)

(kəˈlɪʒn): (formal)

a strong disagreement between two people or between ideas, opinions, etc. that are
opposed to each other; the meeting of two things that are very different

In his work we see the ___ of two different traditions.

● combative (adj)

(kəmˈbætɪv): ready and willing to fight or argue

The lawyers were in a ___ mood, fiercely determined to put forward their case.

● come (a)round (phv):

to change your mood or your opinion

He'll never ___ to my way of thinking.

● come off it (phv):

(informal)

used to disagree with somebody rudely

___! We don't have a chance.

● come out (phv):

to say publicly whether you agree or disagree with something

He ___ against the plan.

● come over (phv):

to change from one side, opinion, etc. to another

● commit (v)

(kəˈmɪt): to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to

change it

You don't have to ___ yourself now—just think about it.

● concur (v)

(kənˈkɜːr): (formal)

to agree

Historians have ___ with each other in this view.

● concurrence (n)

(kənˈkɜːrəns): (formal)

agreement

The doctor may seek the ___ of a relative before carrying out the procedure.

● confer (v)

(kənˈfɜːr): (formal)

to discuss something with somebody, in order to exchange opinions or get advice

He wanted to ___ with his colleagues before reaching a decision.

● conform (v)

(kənˈfɔːrm): (intransitive)

to agree with or match something

the attempt to force science to ___ with a political or social ideology

● conformability (n)

(kənˌfɔːrməˈbɪləti): (formal)

the fact of being able or willing to agree with, match or obey something
 ● conformable (adj)

(kənˈfɔːrməbl): (formal)

similar in form or nature to something; in agreement with something

SYN: consistent

What happens in cases where common law is not ___ to the constitution?

● conformance (n)

(kənˈfɔːrməns): (formal)

the fact of following the rules or standards of something

You need to ensure ___ to strict quality guidelines.

● conformity (n)

(kənˈfɔːrməti): (formal)

behaviour or actions that follow the accepted rules of society

a society of outward religious ___

● confrontation (n)

(ˌkɑːnfrənˈteɪʃn): a situation in which there is anger between people or groups

who disagree because they have different opinions

She wanted to avoid another ___with her father.

● confrontational (adj)

(ˌkɑːnfrənˈteɪʃənl): tending to deal with people in an aggressive way that is likely

to cause arguments, rather than discussing things with them

a ___ style of management

● confute (v)

(kənˈfjuːt): (formal)

to prove a person or an argument to be wrong (giãi bày, chứng minh)

● consciousness (n)

(ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs): the ideas and opinions of a person or group

her newly developed political ___

● consistency (n)
(kənˈsɪstənsi): (approving) the quality of always behaving in the same way or of
having the same opinions, standards, etc.; the quality of being consistent

She has played with great ___ all season.

● consistent with something (adj)

(kənˈsɪstənt): in agreement with something; not contradicting something

These findings are ___ other studies.

● consonance (n)

(ˈkɑːnsənəns): (formal)

agreement

a policy that is popular because of its consonance with traditional party doctrine

● consonant with something (adj)

(ˈkɑːnsənənt): agreeing with or being the same as something else

The findings are consonant with other research.

The findings are ___ other research.

● contend (v)

(kənˈtend): (formal)

to say that something is true, especially in an argument

SYN: maintain

I would ___ that the minister's thinking is flawed on this point.

● contention (n)

(kənˈtenʃn): (formal)

anger between people who disagree

One area of ___ is the availability of nursery care.

● contentious (adj)

(kənˈtenʃəs): (formal)

liking to argue; involving a lot of arguing

a ___ meeting
 ● contradict (v)

(ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt): to say that something that somebody else has said is wrong and
that the opposite is true

'No, it's not,' she ___ him.

● contradiction (n)

(ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃn): a lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions, etc.

How can we resolve this apparent ___?

● contradictory (adj)

(ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪktəri): containing or showing a lack of agreement between statements,

facts, opinions or actions

SYN: conflicting

The advice I received was often ___

● contrarian (n)

(kənˈtreriən): a person who opposes or rejects popular opinion, especially in

financial markets

___warned that the stock markets' giant gains were not justified.

● contretemps (n)

(ˈkɑːntrətɑ̃ː): an unpleasant event or an embarrassing occasion when people

disagree (Tranh chấp)

They have been ignoring me since our last ___

● convert (v)

(kənˈvɜːrt): to change an opinion, a habit, etc.

I've ___to organic food.

● convert (n)

(ˈkɑːnvɜːrt): a person who has changed their religion, beliefs or opinions

a ___ to Islam

● corollary (n)

(ˈkɔːrəleri): (formal or specialist)

a situation, an argument or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one (hệ
quả)
In rural areas, the ___ of increased car ownership has been a rapid decline in the
provision of public transport.

● count (n)

(kaʊnt): a point made during a discussion or an argument

I disagree with you on both ___

● counter-attack (v)

(ˈkaʊntər ətæk): to make an attack in response to the attack of an enemy or

opponent in war, sport or an argument

SYN: retaliate

● counter-attack (n)

(ˈkaʊntər ətæk): an attack made in response to the attack of an enemy or

opponent in war, sport or an argument

The Inter player was swift to respond with a ___

● counterexample (n)

(ˈkaʊntərɪɡzæmpl): an example that provides evidence against an idea or theory

Stark offers an interesting ___ to Logan's argument.

● credible (adj)

(ˈkredəbl): that can be accepted because it seems possible that it could be

successful

SYN: viable

Community service is seen as the only ___ alternative to imprisonment.

● critique (n)

(krɪˈtiːk): a piece of written criticism of a set of ideas, a work of art, etc.

She wrote a feminist ___ of Freud's theories.

● critique (v)

(krɪˈtiːk): to write or give your opinion of, or reaction to, a set of ideas, a work of
art, etc.

Her job involves ___ designs by fashion students.

● current (n)
(ˈkɜːrənt): the fact of particular ideas, opinions or feelings being present in a
group of people

Ministers are worried by this ___ of anti-government feeling.

- deadlock (n)

(ˈdedlɑːk): a complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument

SYN: stalemate

European agriculture ministers failed to break the ___ over farm subsidies

- deadlocked (adj)

(ˈdedlɑːkt): (not before noun)

in a state of complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument

Despite months of discussion the negotiations remained ___

- bust-up (n)

(ˈbʌst ʌp): (especially British English, informal)

an angry argument

Sue and Tony had a ___ and aren't speaking to each other.

- bicker (v)

(ˈbɪkər): to argue about things that are not important

SYN: squabble

They ___ over whose fault it was.

- bollocks (n)

(ˈbɑːləks): (British English, taboo, slang)

exclamation used as a swear word when somebody is disagreeing with something, or

when they are angry about something

___! He never said that!

- decided (adj)

(dɪˈsaɪdɪd): (British English)

having very strong opinions

He had become even more ___ in his views.

- declamation (n)

(ˌdekləˈmeɪʃn): (formal)
(countable)

a speech or piece of writing that strongly expresses feelings and opinions

The most successful newspaper stories are often ___ of patriotism

- declamatory (adj)

(dɪˈklæmətɔːri): (formal)

expressing feelings or opinions in a strong way in a speech or a piece of writing

- deduce (v)

(dɪˈduːs): (formal)

to form an opinion about something based on the information or evidence that is

available

SYN: infer

Can we ___ from your silence that you do not approve?

- deem (v)

(diːm): (formal)

to have a particular opinion about somebody/something

SYN: consider

The strike was ___ to be illegal.

- deep (adj)

(diːp): if a person is ___, they hide their real feelings and opinions

She's always been a ___ one, trusting no one.

- deep-dyed (adj)

(ˌdiːp ˈdaɪd): having strong beliefs or opinions that are never going to change

a ___ socialist

- defence (n)
(dɪˈfens): what is said in court to prove that a person did not commit a crime; the
act of presenting this argument in court

The judge rejected her insanity ___

- defense (n)

(dɪˈfens): what is said in court to prove that a person did not commit a crime; the
act of presenting this argument in court

The judge rejected her insanity ___

- defensible (adj)

(dɪˈfensəbl): able to be supported by reasons or arguments that show that it is

right or should be allowed

Is abortion morally ___?

- delude (v)

(dɪˈluːd): to make somebody believe something that is not true

SYN: deceive

You poor ___ creature.

- delusion (n)

(dɪˈluːʒn): (countable)

a false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation

Love can be nothing but a ___

- demur (v)

(dɪˈmɜːr): (formal)

to say that you do not agree with something or that you refuse to do something

At first she ___, but then finally agreed.

- devil's advocate (n)

(ˌdevlz ˈædvəkət): a person who expresses an opinion that they do not really
hold in order to encourage a discussion about a subject

Often the interviewer will need to play ___ in order to get a discussion going

- dialectic (n)

(ˌdaɪəˈlektɪk): (singular)
a method of discovering the truth of ideas by discussion and logical argument and by
considering ideas that are opposed to each other

- dialectical (adj)

(ˌdaɪəˈlektɪkl): discovering the truth of ideas by discussion and logical argument

and by considering ideas that are opposed to each other

___ materialism

- dicker (v)

(ˈdɪkər): to argue about or discuss something with somebody, especially in order

to agree on a price

- differ (v)

(ˈdɪfər): to be different from somebody/something

They hold ___ views.

- difference (n)

(ˈdɪfrəns): a disagreement between people

We have our ___, but she's still my sister

- ding-dong (n)

(ˈdɪŋ dɑːŋ): (British English, informal)

an argument or a fight

They were having a real ___ on the doorstep

- disagreement (n)

(ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt): a difference between two things that should be the same

The comparison shows considerable ___ between theory and practice

- disassociate (v)

(ˌdɪsəˈsəʊsieɪt): to say or do something to show that you are not connected with
or do not support somebody/something; to make it clear that something is not
connected with a particular plan, action, etc.

- discord (n)

(ˈdɪskɔːrd): (formal)

disagreement; arguing
A note of ___ surfaced during the proceedings.

- discord (n)

(ˈdɪskɔːrd):

- disharmony (n)

(dɪsˈhɑːrməni): (formal)

a lack of agreement about important things, which causes bad feelings between people
or groups of people

marital ___

- disposed (adj)

(dɪˈspəʊzd): (formal)

having a good/bad opinion of a person or thing

She seems favourably ___to the move.

- disputable (adj)

(dɪˈspjuːtəbl): (formal)

that can or should be questioned or argued about

- disputation (n)

(ˌdɪspjuˈteɪʃn): (formal)

a discussion about something that people cannot agree on

- dispute (n)

(dɪˈspjuːt): an argument between two people, groups or countries; discussion

about a subject on which people disagree

His theories are open to ___

- dispute (v)

(dɪˈspjuːt): to argue or disagree strongly with somebody about something,

especially about who owns something

He taught and ___ with local poets.

- dissension (n)

(dɪˈsenʃn): (formal)
disagreement between people or within a group

These issues caused bitter ___ in the party.

- dissent (n)

(dɪˈsent): (formal)

the fact of having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially
accepted

Stability only exists in the country because ___ has been suppressed.

- dissent (v)

(dɪˈsent): (formal)

to have or express opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted

Only two ministers ___ from the official view.

- dissenter (n)

(dɪˈsentər): a person who does not agree with opinions that are officially or
generally accepted

The ___ at the meeting were shouted down.

- dissenting (adj)

(dɪˈsentɪŋ): (formal)

having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted

- dissidence (n)

(ˈdɪsɪdəns): the act of strongly disagreeing with and criticizing your government,
especially in a country where this kind of action is dangerous

- dissidence (n)

(:

- dissident (adj)

(ˈdɪsɪdənt): strongly disagreeing with and criticizing your government, especially

in a country where this kind of action is dangerous

the suppression of ___ views

- dissociate (v)
(dɪˈsəʊsieɪt): to say or do something to show that you are not connected with or
do not support somebody/something; to make it clear that something is not connected
with a particular plan, action, etc.

He tried to ___ himself from the party's more extreme views.

- dissociation (n)

(dɪˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn): the act of showing that you do not support or agree with
something

___ from Cabinet decisions by individual ministers is unacceptable.

- dissonance (n)

(ˈdɪsənəns): (formal)

lack of agreement

- dissonant (adj)

(ˈdɪsənənt): (formal)

not in agreement

There were a few ___ voices.

- disunite (v)

(ˌdɪsjuˈnaɪt): (formal)

to make a group of people unable to agree with each other or work together

attempts to weaken and ___ the party

- disunity (n)

(dɪsˈjuːnəti): (formal)

a lack of agreement between people

___ among opposition groups will prevent real change from happening

- diverge (v)

(daɪˈvɜːrdʒ): (formal)

(of opinions, views, etc.) to be different

Opinions ___ greatly on this issue.

- divergence (n)
(daɪˈvɜːrdʒəns): (formal)

a difference in opinions, views, etc.

a wide ___ of opinion

- divergent (adj)

(daɪˈvɜːrdʒənt): (formal)

(of opinions, views, etc.) different; no longer similar

There are ___opinions on this issue.

- divided (adj)

(dɪˈvaɪdɪd): (of a group or an organization) split by arguments or different

opinions

a deeply ___ society

- divided (adj)

(dɪˈvaɪdɪd):

- divisively (adv)

(dɪˈvaɪsɪvli): (disapproving)

in a way that causes people to be split into groups that disagree with or oppose each
other

- divisiveness (n)

(dɪˈvaɪsɪvnəs): the fact that people are split into groups that disagree with or
oppose each other

The minister disliked the ___ of rich and poor children going to different schools.

- dogma (n)

(ˈdɔːɡmə): a belief or set of beliefs held by a group or organization that others are
expected to accept without argument

She has caused a storm by calling into question one of the central ___ of the Church.

- don't-know (n)

(ˌdəʊnt ˈnəʊ): a person who does not have a strong opinion about a question that
they are asked in an opinion poll

Put me down as a ___

- doublethink (n)

(ˈdʌblθɪŋk): the act of holding two opposite opinions or beliefs at the same time;
the ability to do this

- downvote (v)

(ˈdaʊnvəʊt): to show that you disagree with an online article or comment by using
a particular icon

Someone will probably disagree and ___

- downvote (n)

(ˈdaʊnvəʊt): an act of showing that you disagree with an online article or

comment by using a particular icon

I don't see why this comment should get a ___

- dyed in the wool (adj)

(ˌdaɪd ɪn ðə ˈwʊl): having strong beliefs or opinions that are never going to
change

___traditionalists

- echo (v)

(ˈekəʊ): to repeat an idea or opinion because you agree with it

This is a view ___ by many on the right of the party.

- echo (n)

(ˈekəʊ): an opinion or attitude that agrees with or repeats one already expressed
or thought

His words were an ___ of what she had heard many times before.

- editorialize (v)

(ˌedɪˈtɔːriəlaɪz): to express your opinions rather than just reporting the news or
giving the facts

He accused the BBC of ___ in its handling of the story.

- eloquence (n)

(ˈeləkwəns): the ability to use language and express your opinions well,
especially when you are speaking in public

a speech of passionate ___

- eloquent (adj)

(ˈeləkwənt): able to use language and express your opinions well, especially
when you are speaking in public

an ___ speech

- eloquently (adv)

(ˈeləkwəntli): in a way that uses language and expresses your opinions well,
especially when you are speaking in public

She spoke ___ on the subject.

- embroil (v)

(ɪmˈbrɔɪl): (formal)

to involve somebody/yourself in an argument or a difficult situation

I was reluctant to ___ myself in his problems.

- esteem (n)

(ɪˈstiːm): (formal)

great respect and approval; a good opinion of somebody

Please accept this small gift as a token of our ___

- esteem (v)

(ɪˈstiːm): (formal)

to think of somebody/something in a particular way

She was ___ the perfect novelist.

- estimation (n)

(ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn): (formal)
(singular)

a judgement or opinion about the value or quality of somebody/something

In my ___, you've done a good job.

- evaluative (adj)

(ɪˈvæljuətɪv): forming or giving an opinion of the amount, value or quality of

something after thinking about it carefully

We need to make some ___ judgements of this relationship

- evangelical (adj)

(ˌiːvænˈdʒelɪkl): wanting very much to persuade people to accept your views and
opinions

He delivered his speech with ___ fervour.

- evangelicalism (n)

(ˌiːvænˈdʒelɪkəlɪzəm): actions or words that you use to try to persuade people to

accept views or opinions that you strongly believe are correct

- exchange (n)

(ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ): a conversation or an argument

There was only time for a brief ___

- exponent (n)

(ɪkˈspəʊnənt): a person who supports an idea, theory, etc. and persuades others
that it is good

SYN: proponent

Huxley was an ___ of Darwin's theory of evolution.

- expostulate (v)

(ɪkˈspɑːstʃəleɪt): (formal)

to argue, disagree or protest about something

- expostulation (n)

(ɪkˌspɑːstʃəˈleɪʃn): (formal)

the act of arguing, disagreeing or protesting about something; a remark or statement in

which somebody argues, disagrees or protests about something

- extrapolate (v)

(ɪkˈstræpəleɪt): (formal)

to estimate something or form an opinion about something, using the facts that you
have now and that are relevant to one situation and supposing that they will be
relevant to the new one

- extrapolation (n)

(ɪkˌstræpəˈleɪʃn): (formal)
the act or process of estimating something or forming an opinion about something,
using the facts that you have now and that are relevant to one situation and supposing
that they will be relevant to the new one

Their age can be determined by ___ from their growth rate.

- face-off (n)

(ˈfeɪs ɔːf): (informal)

an argument or a fight

a ___ between the presidential candidates

- faction (n)

(ˈfækʃn): (formal)

opposition, disagreement, etc. that exists between small groups of people within an
organization or political party

a party divided by faction and intrigue

- falling-out (n)

(ˌfɔːlɪŋ ˈaʊt): (informal) (singular)

a situation where people are no longer friends, because they disagree or have had an
argument

Dave and I had a ___

- fall in with (phv): (British English)

to agree to something

She ___ my idea at once.

- divisive (adj)

(dɪˈvaɪsɪv): causing people to be split into groups that disagree with or oppose
each other

He believes that unemployment is socially ___

- dissident (n)

(ˈdɪsɪdənt): a person who strongly disagrees with and criticizes their government,
especially in a country where this kind of action is dangerous

left-wing ___

- discordant (adj)
(dɪsˈkɔːrdənt): (formal)

not in agreement; combining with other things in a way that is strange or unpleasant

___views

- favourable (adj)

(ˈfeɪvərəbl): making people have a good opinion of somebody/something

The biography shows him in a ___ light

- favourably (adv)

(ˈfeɪvərəbli): in a way that is positive and shows a good opinion of

somebody/something

SYN: positively

He speaks very ___ of your work.

- favourability (n)

(ˌfeɪvərəˈbɪləti): the extent to which somebody/something is liked or approved of

the president's ___ ratings

- feed back (phv): to give information or opinions about something, especially so

that it can be improved

Test results will be ___ to the schools.

- feisty (adj)

(ˈfaɪsti): (of people) strong, determined and not afraid of arguing with people

- feud (n)

(fjuːd): an angry and bitter argument between two people or groups of people that
continues over a long period of time

a ___ over money

- feud (v)

(fjuːd): to have an angry and bitter argument with somebody over a long period of
time

He has been ___ with his brother for years.

- feuding (n)
(ˈfjuːdɪŋ): angry and bitter disagreements between two people or groups of
people that continue over a long period of time

stories of bitter ___ between rival drug dealers

- fight it out (phv): to fight, argue or compete until an argument or competition

has been settled

Four teams will ___ in the play-offs.

- fight out (phv): to fight, argue or compete until an argument or competition has
been settled

The conflict is still being ___

- fist bump (n)

(ˈfɪst bʌmp): (informal)

a way of saying 'hello' or of showing support or agreement, in which two people raise
one fist (= a hand when it is tightly closed) each and lightly hit them together

do/give a ___

- fist-bump (v)

(ˈfɪst bʌmp): (informal)

to do a fist bump with somebody as a way of saying 'hello' or of showing support or

agreement

Several of the politician's supporters ___ him as he left the stage.

- flap (n)

(flæp): (singular)
(North American English)

public anger or criticism caused by something a public figure has said or done

a ___ over nuclear issues

- flat (adj)

(flæt): not allowing discussion or argument; definite

These results are in ___ contradiction to the theory of relativity

- flatten somebody (v)

(ˈflætn): (informal)

to defeat somebody easily in a competition, an argument, etc.

Our team was ___ this evening!

- flatter yourself (v)

(ˈflætər): to choose to believe something good about yourself and your abilities,
especially when other people do not share this opinion

How will you manage without me?' 'Don't ___'

- flesh out (phv): to add more information or details to a plan, an argument, etc.

These points were ___ in the later parts of the speech.

- flip-flop (v)

(ˈflɪp flɑːp): to change your opinion about something, especially when you then
hold the opposite opinion

The vice-president was accused of ___ on several major issues.

- flip-flopper (n)

(ˈflɪp flɑːpər): (informal, especially North American English)

a person, especially a politician, who suddenly changes his or her opinion or policy

He described his opponent as a ___

- football (n)

(ˈfʊtbɔːl): (countable)
(always used with an adjective)

an issue or a problem that frequently causes people to disagree or argue

Healthcare should not become a political ___

- for a start (phv): (informal)

used to emphasize the first of a list of reasons, opinions, etc.

I'm not working there—___ it's too far to travel.

- forceful (adj)

(ˈfɔːrsfl): (of people) expressing opinions strongly and clearly in a way that
persuades other people to believe them

SYN: assertive

a ___ personality
- forcefulness (n)

(ˈfɔːrsflnəs): the ability to express your opinions strongly and clearly so that other
people believe them

SYN: assertiveness

He argued his case with clarity and ___

- fracas (n)

(ˈfreɪkəs): a noisy argument or fight, usually involving several people

a ___ between the supporters of the two teams

- fray (n)

(freɪ): a fight, a competition or an argument, especially one that is exciting or

seen as a test of your ability

They were ready for the ___

- free-for-all (n)

(ˈfriː fər ɔːl): a noisy fight or argument in which a lot of people take part

Prompt action by prison staff prevented a violent ___

- freethinker (n)

(ˌfriːˈθɪŋkər): a person who forms their own ideas and opinions rather than
accepting those of other people, especially in religious teaching

- freethinking (adj)

(ˌfriːˈθɪŋkɪŋ): forming your own ideas and opinions rather than accepting those of
other people, especially in religious teaching

- frenemy (n)

(ˈfrenəmi): a person or organization that you are friends with because it is useful
or necessary to be their friend, even though you really dislike or disagree with them

The internet giant is seen by many as a ___, a company they cannot afford not to work
with.

- friction (n)

(ˈfrɪkʃn): a lack of friendship or agreement among people who have different

opinions about something

SYN: tension
conflicts and ___that have still to be resolved

- gag (n)

(ɡæɡ): an order that prevents something from being publicly reported or

discussed

a press ___

- gag somebody (v)

(ɡæɡ): to prevent somebody from speaking freely or expressing their opinion

The new laws are seen as an attempt to ___ the press.

- gainsay (v)

(ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ): (formal)

to say that something is not true; to disagree with or deny something

SYN: deny

Nobody can ___ his claims.

- Gallup poll (n)

(ˈɡæləp pəʊl): a way of finding out public opinion by asking a typical group of
people questions

- generalize (v)

(ˈdʒenrəlaɪz): to use a particular set of facts or ideas in order to form an opinion

that is considered relevant to a different situation

We cannot ___ from these few examples.

- get above yourself (phv): (especially British English)

to have too high an opinion of yourself

- go against (phv): to be opposed to something; to not fit or agree with

something

His thinking ___ all logic.

- go-around (n)

(ˈɡəʊ əraʊnd): (North American English, informal)

an argument

- go by (phv): to be guided by something; to form an opinion from something

That's a good rule to ___

- good name (n)

(ˌɡʊd ˈneɪm): the good opinion that people have of somebody/something

They have sacrificed their principles and lost their ___

- go on (phv): to base an opinion or a judgement on something

The police don't have much to ___

- go-round (n)

(ˈɡəʊ raʊnd): (North American English, informal)

an argument

- gridlock (n)

(ˈɡrɪdlɑːk): (usually in politics) a situation in which people with different opinions

are not able to agree with each other and so no action can be taken

Congress is in ___

- haggle (v)

(ˈhæɡl): to argue with somebody in order to reach an agreement, especially

about the price of something

You can sometimes ___ a good discount.

- hair-splitting (n)

(ˈher splɪtɪŋ): the act of giving too much importance to small and unimportant
differences in an argument

SYN: quibble

- happen (v)

(ˈhæpən): used to tell somebody something, especially when you are disagreeing
with them or annoyed by what they have said

That ___ to be my mother you're talking about!

- harmonious (adj)

(hɑːrˈməʊniəs): (of relationships, etc.) friendly, peaceful and without any

arguments

a ___ alliance between management and workers

- harmoniously (adv)

(hɑːrˈməʊniəsli): (approving)

in a way that is friendly, peaceful and without any arguments

They worked very ___ together.

- harmony (n)

(ˈhɑːrməni): (approving)

a state of peaceful existence and agreement

social/racial ___

- harrumph (n)

(həˈrʌmf): (informal)
(singular)

a way of showing that you disagree with or disapprove of somebody/something,

especially by making a sound in your throat like a cough

- harrumph (v)

(həˈrʌmf): (informal)

to show that you disagree with or disapprove of somebody/something, especially by

making a sound in your throat like a cough

- hassle (n)

(ˈhæsl): a situation in which people disagree, argue or annoy you

Do as you're told and don't give me any ___

- have somebody (v)

(hæv): (informal)

to put somebody at a disadvantage in an argument

You ___ me there. I hadn't thought of that.

- have out (phv): to try to settle an argument by discussing or arguing about it

openly

I need to ___ with her once and for all.

- head-to-head (adj)
(ˌhed tə ˈhed): in which two people or groups face each other directly in order to
decide the result of a competition or an argument

- head-to-head (adv)

(ˌhed tə ˈhed): with two people or groups facing each other directly in order to
decide the result of a competition or an argument

They are set to meet ___ in next week's final.

- hearing (n)

(ˈhɪrɪŋ): (singular)

an opportunity to explain your actions, ideas or opinions

His views may be unfashionable but he deserves a ___

- heresy (n)

(ˈherəsi): a belief or an opinion that is against the principles of a particular

religion; the fact of holding such beliefs

- heterodox (adj)

(ˈhetərədɑːks): (formal)

not following the usual or accepted beliefs and opinions

- heretical (adj)

(həˈretɪkl): (of a religious belief or opinion)

against the principles of a particular religion

___ beliefs

- heterodoxy (n)

(ˈhetərədɑːksi): (formal)

the fact of not following the usual or accepted beliefs and opinions; an opinion or belief
that is different from usual

- high ground (n)

(ˈhaɪ ɡraʊnd): the advantage in a discussion or an argument, etc.

it's over anakin, i have the ___

- hogwash (n)

(ˈhɔːɡwɑːʃ): (informal)
an idea, argument, etc. that you think is stupid

He denounced his opponent's speech as 'pure political ___'.

- hokum (n)

(ˈhəʊkəm): an idea, argument, etc. that you think is stupid

What a bunch of ___

- hold against (phv): to allow something that somebody has done to make you
have a lower opinion of them

I admit I made a mistake—but don't ___ it ___ me.

- hostile (adj)

(ˈhɑːstaɪl): aggressive or unfriendly and ready to argue or fight

The speaker got a ___ reception from the audience.

- hostility (n)

(hɑːˈstɪləti): aggressive or unfriendly feelings or behaviour

There was a barely veiled ___ in her tone.

- hot button (n)

(ˈhɑːt bʌtn): a subject or issue that people have strong feelings about and argue
about a lot

the ___ issue of nuclear waste disposal

- hot stuff (n)

(ˌhɑːt ˈstʌf): something that is likely to cause people to disagree or be angry

These new proposals are proving to be ___

- hue (n)

(hjuː): (formal)

a type of belief or opinion

supporters of every political ___

- hunker down (phv): to refuse to change an opinion, way of behaving, etc.

- impasse (n)
(ˈɪmpæs): a difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the
people involved cannot agree what to do

SYN: deadlock

The proposal offered both sides a way out of the diplomatic ___

- incline (v)

(/ɪnˈklaɪn): (formal)

to bend your head forward, especially as a sign of agreement, welcome, etc.

He ___ his head in acknowledgement.

- inclined (adj)

(ɪnˈklaɪnd): used when you are expressing an opinion but do not want to express
it very strongly

I'm half ___ to believe him

- inconsistency (n)

(ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi): if there is ___ between two statements, etc, they cannot both
be true because they give the facts in a different way

There are some ___ with Baldwin's account.

- inconsistent (adj)

(ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt): if two statements, etc. are ___, or one is ___ with the other, they
cannot both be true because they give the facts in a different way

The witnesses' statements were ___

- inconsistently (adv)

(ˌɪnkənˈsɪstəntli): in a way that does not match a set of standards, ideas, etc.

They have acted ___ with their obligations.

- incontestable (adj)

(ˌɪnkənˈtestəbl): (formal)

that is true and cannot be disagreed with or denied

SYN: indisputable

His claim to the land is ___

- incontestably (adv)
(ˌɪnkənˈtestəbli): (formal)

in a way that cannot be disagreed with or denied

- incontrovertible (adj)

(ˌɪnkɑːntrəˈvɜːrtəbl): (formal)

that is true and cannot be disagreed with or denied

The facts were ___

- incontrovertibly (adv)

(ˌɪnkɑːntrəˈvɜːrtəbli): (formal)

in a way that cannot be disagreed with or denied

Her book shows ___ that he was innocent.

- indisputable (adj)

(ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbl): that is true and cannot be disagreed with or denied

SYN: undeniable

an ___ fact

- indisputably (adv)

(ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbli): in a way that cannot be disagreed with or denied

SYN: underiably

This painting is ___ one of his finest works.

- infighting (n)

(ˈɪnfaɪtɪŋ): arguments between people in the same group who are competing for
power

political ___ within the party

- inflexibility (n)

(ɪnˌfleksəˈbɪləti): (disapproving)

the attitude of a person or organization that refuses to change their opinions, decisions,
etc., or the way they do things

His ___ handicapped him severely and resulted in the loss of his job.
- inflexible (adj)

(ɪnˈfleksəbl): (disapproving)
(of people or organizations)

unwilling to change their opinions, decisions, etc., or the way they do things

He's completely ___ on the subject.

- inflexibly (adv)

(ɪnˈfleksəbli): (disapproving)

without being willing to change your opinions, decisions, etc., or the way you do things

- interject (v)

(ˌɪntərˈdʒekt): (formal)

to interrupt what somebody is saying with your opinion or a remark

'You're wrong,' ___ Susan.

- intransigence (n)

(ɪnˈtrænzɪdʒəns): (formal, disapproving)

the quality in people of being unwilling to change their opinions or behaviour in a way
that would be helpful to others

Negotiations collapsed in the face of trade union ___

- intransigent (adj)

(ɪnˈtrænzɪdʒənt): (formal, disapproving)

(of people) unwilling to change their opinions or behaviour in a way that would be
helpful to others

an ___ attitude

- invalidate (v)

(ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt): to prove that an idea, a story, an argument, etc. is wrong

This new piece of evidence ___ his version of events.

- invalidation (n)

(ɪnˌvælɪˈdeɪʃn): the act of proving that an idea, a story, an argument, etc. is

wrong

the ___ of the theory

- invoke (v)

(ɪnˈvəʊk): to mention a person, a theory, an example, etc. to support your

opinions or ideas, or as a reason for something

She ___ several eminent scholars to back up her argument.

- irreconcilable (adj)

(ɪˈrekənsaɪləbl): (formal)

if differences or disagreements are ___, they are so great that it is not possible to settle
them

a seemingly ___ conflict

- joust (n)

(dʒaʊst): (formal)

an act of arguing with somebody, especially as part of a formal or public debate

the weekly verbal ___ called Prime Minister's Questions

- joust (v)

(dʒaʊst): (formal)

to argue with somebody, especially as part of a formal or public debate

- just (adv)

(dʒʌst): used to agree with somebody

He's very pompous.' 'Isn't he ___?'

- keystone (n)

(ˈkiːstəʊn): the most important part of a plan or argument that the other parts
depend on

Changes to the welfare system are the ___ of the government's reforms.

- knock-down-drag-out (adj)

(ˌnɑːk daʊn ˈdræɡ aʊt): (North American English, informal)

(of a fight or an argument) very aggressive and unpleasant

- lay out (phv): to present a plan, an argument, etc. clearly and carefully

The information is there; it just isn't ___ clearly.

- leading article (n)

(ˌliːdɪŋ ˈɑːrtɪkl): an important article in a newspaper that expresses the editor's

opinion about an item of news or an issue; in the US also a comment on radio or
television that expresses the opinion of the station or network

- leaning (n)

(ˈliːnɪŋ): a feeling that makes you tend to prefer something or to believe in

particular ideas, opinions, etc.

a person with socialist ___

- lean to (phv): to tend to prefer something, especially a particular opinion or

interest

- lean towards (phv): to tend to prefer something, especially a particular opinion

or interest

The UK ___ the US proposal.

- left field (n)

(ˌleft ˈfiːld): (informal)

an opinion or a position that is strange or unusual and a long way from the normal
position

The governor is over in ___.

- lock (v)

(lɑːk): to be involved in a difficult situation, an argument, etc.

The two sides are ___ into a bitter dispute

- mainstream (n)

(ˈmeɪnstriːm): the ideas and opinions that are thought to be normal because they
are shared by most people; the people whose ideas and opinions are most accepted

He was never part of the literary ___ as a writer.

- mainstream something (v)

(ˈmeɪnstriːm): to make a particular idea or opinion accepted by most people

Vegetarianism has been ___

- mano a mano (adv)

(ˌmɑːnəʊ ɑː ˈmɑːnəʊ): with two people facing each other directly in order to
decide an argument or a competition

It's time to settle this ___

- match (n)

(mætʃ): (countable)

a thing that is or looks exactly the same as or very similar to something else

This paint is a close enough colour ___ to the original.

- maverick (adj)

(ˈmævərɪk): (of a person) independent, with unusual opinions

a politician with a ___ streak

- maverick (n)

(ˈmævərɪk): a person who does not behave or think like everyone else, but who
has independent, unusual opinions

a political ___

- minority report (n)

(maɪˈnɔːrəti rɪpɔːrt): a separate report presented by members of a group who

disagree with the majority

Members of the committee made a ___ to Parliament, challenging the claims

- misjudge (v)

(ˌmɪsˈdʒʌdʒ): to form a wrong opinion about a person or situation, especially in a

way that makes you deal with them or it unfairly

She now realizes that she ___ him.

- misjudgement (n)

(ˌmɪsˈdʒʌdʒmənt): the act of forming a wrong opinion about

somebody/something, especially in a way that makes you deal with them or it unfairly

The government made a serious ___ in its reaction to the crisis.

- mistaken (adj)

(mɪˈsteɪkən): wrong in your opinion or judgement

Unless I'm very much ___, that's Paul's wife over there
- mistakenly (adv)

(mɪˈsteɪkənli): in a way that is wrong because it is based on a wrong opinion or

bad judgement

He ___ believed that his family would stand by him.

- moderate (adj)

(ˈmɑːdərət): having or showing opinions, especially about politics, that are not
extreme

a ___ socialist

- moderate (n)

(ˈmɑːdərət): a person who has opinions, especially about politics, that are not
extreme

- mold (v)

(məʊld): to strongly influence the way somebody's character, opinions, etc.

develop

The experience had ___ and coloured her whole life.

- monkey in the middle (n)

(ˌmʌŋki ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl): a person who is caught between two people or groups who
are fighting or arguing

- moralize (v)

(ˈmɔːrəlaɪz): to tell other people what is right and wrong especially in order to
emphasize that your opinions are correct

SYN: preach

He's always ___ about 'young people today'.

- mould (v)

(məʊld): to strongly influence the way somebody's character, opinions, etc.

develop

The experience had ___ and coloured her whole life.

- mouthy (adj)

(ˈmaʊθi): (informal, disapproving)

used to describe a person who talks a lot, sometimes expressing their opinions
strongly and in a rude way
___ teenagers

- muzzle (v)

(ˈmʌzl): to prevent somebody from expressing their opinions in public as they

want to

SYN: gag

They accused the government of ___ the press.

- negation (n)

(nɪˈɡeɪʃn): (formal)

the act of disagreeing with somebody/something or refusing to do something

She shook her head in ___

- negative (v)

(ˈneɡətɪv): to refuse to agree to a proposal or a request

- niggle (v)

(ˈnɪɡl): to argue about something unimportant; to criticize somebody for

something that is unimportant

I hate to ___ about little mistakes.

- nod (v)

(nɑːd): if you ___, ___your head or your head ___, you move your head up and
down to show agreement, understanding, etc.

She ___ approval.

- non-committal (adj)

(ˌnɑːn kəˈmɪtl): not giving an opinion; not showing which side of an argument you
agree with

The doctor was ___ about when I could drive again.

- non-committally (adv)

(ˌnɑːn kəˈmɪtəli): in a way that does not give an opinion or show which side of an
argument you agree with

He grunted ___ in reply.

- non-controversial (adj)
(ˌnɑːn kɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl): not causing, or not likely to cause, people to disagree

- notice (n)

(ˈnəʊtɪs): (countable)

a short article in a newspaper or magazine, giving an opinion about a book, play, etc.

The play got good ___ in the national press.

- objectivity (n)

(ˌɑːbdʒekˈtɪvəti): the fact of not being influenced by personal feelings or opinions

but considering only facts

There was a lack of ___ in the way the candidates were judged.

- OK (v)

(əʊˈkeɪ): to officially agree to something or allow it to happen

She filled in an expenses claim and her manager ___ it.

- opine (v)

(əʊˈpaɪn): (formal)

to express a particular opinion

He ___ that Prague was the most beautiful city in Europe.

- opinionated (adj)

(əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd): (disapproving)

having very strong opinions that you are not willing to change

I've never met anyone so arrogant and ___

- opinion poll (n)

(əˈpɪnjən pəʊl): the process of questioning people who are representative of a

larger group in order to get information about the general opinion

The president has a clear lead in the ___

- oppositional (adj)

(ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃənl): (formal)

strongly disagreeing with somebody/something

___ groups

- overrate (v)

(ˌəʊvərˈreɪt): to have too high an opinion of somebody/something; to put too high

a value on somebody/something

In my opinion, Hirst's work has been vastly ___

- piggy in the middle (n)

(ˌpɪɡi ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl): a person who is caught between two people or groups who
are fighting or arguing

- pig-headed (adj)

(ˌpɪɡ ˈhedɪd): unwilling to change your opinion about something, in a way that
other people think is annoying and unreasonable

SYN: stubborn

Why are you being so ___about this?

- pig-headedness (n)

(ˌpɪɡ ˈhedɪdnəs): the fact of being unwilling to change your opinion about
something, in a way that other people think is annoying and unreasonable

- pitch (n)

(pɪtʃ): talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people
to do something

the candidate's campaign ___

- platform (n)

(ˈplætfɔːrm): an opportunity or a place for somebody to express their opinions

publicly or make progress in a particular area

She used the newspaper column as a ___ for her feminist views.

- play along (phv): to pretend to agree with somebody/something

I decided to ___ with her idea.

- plead (v)

(pliːd): to argue in support of somebody/something

She appeared on television to ___the cause of political prisoners everywhere.

- point (v)
(pɔɪnt): to lead to or suggest a particular development or logical argument

The evidence seems to ___ in that direction.

- polarity (n)

(pəˈlærəti): (formal)

the situation when two tendencies, opinions, etc. oppose each other

the growing ___ between the left and right wings of the party

- polarization (n)

(ˌpəʊlərəˈzeɪʃn): the act of separating or making people separate into two groups
with completely opposite opinions

increasing social ___

- polarize (v)

(ˈpəʊləraɪz): to separate or make people separate into two groups with

completely opposite opinions

Public opinion has ___ on this issue.

- polemic (n)

(pəˈlemɪk): (countable)

a speech or a piece of writing that argues very strongly for or against

something/somebody

- polemical (adj)

(pəˈlemɪkl): (formal)

involving strong arguments for or against something, often in opposition to the opinion
of others

a ___ attack

- poll (n)

(pəʊl): (countable)

the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to
get information about the general opinion

A recent ___ suggests some surprising changes in public opinion.

- pontificate (v)
(pɑːnˈtɪfɪkeɪt): (disapproving)

to give your opinions about something in a way that shows that you think you are right

- posit (v)

(ˈpɑːzɪt): (formal)

to suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for an
argument or discussion

SYN: postulate

Most religions ___ the existence of life after death.

- preconception (n)

(ˌpriːkənˈsepʃn): an idea or opinion that is formed before you have enough

information or experience

SYN: assumption

a book that will challenge your ___ about rural life

- prejudice (n)

(ˈpredʒədɪs): an unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person, group,

custom, etc., especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc.

Their decision was based on ignorance and ___

- prejudice somebody (v)

(ˈpredʒədɪs): to influence somebody so that they have an unfair or unreasonable

opinion about somebody/something

Poor handwriting might ___ people against the applicant.

- prejudiced (adj)

(ˈpredʒədɪst): having an unreasonable dislike of or preference for

somebody/something, especially based on their race, religion, sex, etc.

Few people will admit to being racially ___

- premise (n)

(ˈpremɪs): (formal)

a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument

His reasoning is based on the ___ that all people are equally capable of good and evil.
- presupposition (n)

(ˌpriːsʌpəˈzɪʃn): (formal)

something that you believe to be true and use as the beginning of an argument even
though it has not been proved; the act of believing it is true

theories based on ___ and coincidence

- prognosis (n)

(prɑːɡˈnəʊsɪs): (medical)

an opinion, based on medical experience, of the likely development of a disease or an

illness

- prong (n)

(prɔːŋ): each of the separate parts of an attack, argument, etc., that move
towards a place, subject, etc. from different positions

- pronouncement (n)

(prəˈnaʊnsmənt): (formal)

a formal public statement

She made an official ___ on changes in government policy.

- pronounce on (phv): (formal)

to state your opinion on something, or give a decision about something

He feels able to ___ all kinds of subjects.

- pronounce upon (phv): (formal)

to state your opinion on something, or give a decision about something

I do not feel competent to ___ this matter.

- proposition (n)

(ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃn): (formal)

a statement that expresses an opinion

Her assessment is based on the ___ that power corrupts.

- provocation (n)
(ˌprɑːvəˈkeɪʃn): the act of doing or saying something deliberately in order to make
somebody angry or upset; something that is done or said to cause this

So far the police have refused to respond to their ___

- provocative (adj)

(prəˈvɑːkətɪv): intended to make people angry or upset; intended to make people

argue about something

a ___ remark

- provocatively (adv)

(prəˈvɑːkətɪvli): in a way that is intended to make people angry or upset; in a way

that is intended to make people argue about something

'Popular culture', he remarked ___, 'means nothing to me.'

- provoke (v)

(prəˈvəʊk): to say or do something that you know will annoy somebody so that
they react in an angry way

SYN: goad

Be careful what you say—he's easily ___

- pugnacious (adj)

(pʌɡˈneɪʃəs): (formal)

having a strong desire to argue or fight with other people

- pugnaciously (adv)

(pʌɡˈneɪʃəsli): (formal)

in a way that shows a strong desire to argue or fight with other people

- pugnacity (n)

(pʌɡˈnæsəti): (formal)

a strong desire to argue or fight with other people

- pussyfoot (v)

(ˈpʊsifʊt): (informal)
(usually disapproving)

to be careful or anxious about expressing your opinion in case you upset somebody
I realized I could no longer ___ around. I had to say what I really thought.

- quarrel (n)

(ˈkwɑːrəl): an angry argument or disagreement between people, often about a

personal matter

He got involved in a ___ with his neighbour.

- quarrel (v)

(ˈkwɑːrəl): to have an angry argument or disagreement

What did you two ___ about?

- quarrelsome (adj)

(ˈkwɑːrəlsəm): (of a person) often arguing with other people

SYN: argumentative

When he drinks too much he becomes moody and ___

- quarrel with (phv): to disagree with somebody/something

Nobody could ___ with your conclusions.

- quibble (v)

(ˈkwɪbl): to argue or complain about a small matter or an unimportant detail

It isn't worth ___ over such a small amount.

- quite (adv)

(kwaɪt): (British English)

used to agree with somebody or show that you understand them

'He's bound to feel shaken after his accident.' '___.'

- ratiocination (n)

(ˌreɪʃiˌəʊsɪˈneɪʃn): (formal)

the process of thinking or arguing about something in a logical way

- reappraise (v)

(ˌriːəˈpreɪz): (formal)

to think again about the value or nature of something/somebody to see if your opinion
about it/them should be changed
SYN: reassess

The system needs to be continually ___

- reasoning (n)

(ˈriːzənɪŋ): the process of thinking about things in a logical way; opinions and
ideas that are based on logical thinking

This line of ___ is faulty.

- reassess (v)

(ˌriːəˈses): to think again about something to decide if you need to change your
opinion of it

SYN: reappraise

After ___ the situation, she decided to do nothing

- reassessment (n)

(ˌriːəˈsesmənt): the act of thinking again about something to decide if you need to
change your opinion of it

Students were allowed to hand in corrected work again for ___

- reconsider (v)

(ˌriːkənˈsɪdər): to think about something again, especially because you might

want to change a previous decision or opinion

Recent information may persuade the board to ___

- reconsideration (n)

(ˌriːkənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn): the act or process of thinking about something again,

especially because you might want to change a previous decision or opinion

They called for a ___ of the issue.

- re-evaluate (v)

(ˌriː ɪˈvæljueɪt): to think about something again, especially in order to form a new
opinion about it

- re-evaluation (n)

(ˌriː ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn): the act of thinking about something again, especially in order to
form a new opinion about it

The company underwent a major ___ of its business plan.

- re-examination (n)

(ˌriː ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn): the act of examining or thinking about something again,

especially because you may need to change your opinion

We have called for a complete ___ of the case.

- re-examine (v)

(ˌriː ɪɡˈzæmɪn): to examine or think about something again, especially because

you may need to change your opinion

All the evidence needs to be ___

- register (v)

(ˈredʒɪstər): (formal)

to make your opinion known officially or publicly

China has ___ a protest over foreign intervention.

- rehearse (v)

(rɪˈhɜːrs): (formal)
(usually disapproving)

to repeat ideas or opinions that have often been expressed before

- represent (v)

(ˌreprɪˈzent): (formal)

to make a formal statement to somebody in authority to make your opinions known or

to protest

He admitted falsely ___ to police officers that the car had been stolen.

- representation (n)

(ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn): (plural) (especially British English, formal)

formal statements made to somebody in authority, especially in order to make your

opinions known or to protest

We have made ___ to the prime minister, but without success.

- repute (n)

(rɪˈpjuːt): (formal)

the opinion that people have of somebody/something

I know him only by ___

- reserve (n)

(rɪˈzɜːrv): the quality that somebody has when they do not talk easily to other
people about their ideas, feelings, etc

Jaime always talked to people without ___.

- reserved (adj)

(rɪˈzɜːrvd): (of a person or their character) slow or unwilling to show feelings or

express opinions

Neighbours described him as a ___ man who didn't mix much.

- rift (n)

(rɪft): a serious break in the relationship between people or organizations

The ___within the party deepened.

- right-minded (adj)

(ˌraɪt ˈmaɪndɪd): (approving)

(of a person) having beliefs and opinions that most people approve of

Any ___ person would be offended by this book.

- right-on (adj)

(ˌraɪt ˈɑːn): (British English, informal, sometimes disapproving)

having political opinions or being aware of social issues that are fashionable and left-
wing

___ middle-class intellectuals

- right-thinking (adj)

(ˌraɪt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ): (of a person) having beliefs and opinions that most people
approve of

- riven (adj)

(ˈrɪvn): (formal)

divided because of disagreements, especially in a violent way

a party ___ by internal disputes

- row (n)

(raʊ): (especially British English, informal)

a serious argument between people, organizations, etc. about something

A ___ has broken out over education.

- row (v)

(raʊ): (British English, informal)

to have a noisy argument

Mike and Sue are always ___

- row back (phv): to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise

The government is now trying to ___ on its commitments.

- rowback (n)

(ˈrəʊbæk): the act of changing an earlier decision or opinion completely so that it

is the opposite of what it was before

The government was forced into more ___ on budget cuts.

- ruckus (n)

(ˈrʌkəs): (singular)(especially North American English, informal)

a situation in which there is a lot of noise, activity and argument

She went outside to see who was causing such a ___

- ructions (n)

(ˈrʌkʃnz): (plural)(especially British English)

angry protests or arguments

The announcement caused serious ___

- run-in (n)

(ˈrʌn ɪn): (informal)

an argument or a fight

The fiery player has had numerous ___ with referees.

- say (n)
(seɪ): the right to influence something by giving your opinion before a decision is
made

People want a greater ___ in local government.

- scene (n)

(siːn): a loud, angry argument, especially one that happens in public and is
embarrassing

She had made a ___ in the middle of the party.

- scheme (v)

(skiːm): to think or form an opinion about something

What do you ___?

- schism (n)

(ˈsɪzəm): (formal)

strong disagreement within an organization, especially a religious one, that makes its
members divide into separate groups

By 1914 the party was dangerously close to ___

- schizophrenic (adj)

(ˌskɪtsəˈfrenɪk): (informal)

frequently changing your mind about something or holding opinions about something
that seem to oppose each other

The American public is remarkably ___ in its attitude to the gun.

- score off (phv): (especially British English)

to show that you are better than somebody, especially by making clever remarks, for
example in an argument

He was always trying to ___ his teachers.

- scorn (n)

(skɔːrn): a strong feeling that somebody/something is stupid or not good enough,

usually shown by the way you speak

SYN: contempt

She was unable to hide the ___ in her voice.

- scorn (v)
(skɔːrn): to feel or show that you think somebody/something is stupid and you do
not respect them or it

His brother had always ___ him.

- scrap (n)

(skræp): (countable) (informal)

a short fight or argument

He was always getting into ___ at school.

- see-saw (v)

(ˈsiː sɔː): (especially British English)

to keep changing from one situation, opinion, emotion, etc. to another and back again

Share prices ___ all day.

- self-image (n)

(self ˈɪmɪdʒ): the opinion or idea you have of yourself, especially of your
appearance or abilities

to have a positive ___

- self-opinionated (adj)

(ˌself əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd): (disapproving)

believing that your own opinions are always right and refusing to listen to those of other
people

- self-regard (n)

(ˌself rɪˈɡɑːrd): a good opinion of yourself, which is considered bad if you have
too little or too much

He suffers from a lack of ___

- self-regarding (adj)

(ˌself rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ): (disapproving)

having or showing too high an opinion of yourself

His autobiography is nothing but ___ nonsense.

- sentiment (n)
(ˈsentɪmənt): (formal)

a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions

This is a ___ I wholeheartedly agree with.

- set-to (n)

(ˌset ˈtuː): a small fight or an argument

We had a bit of a ___ with the neighbours.

- shade (n)

(ʃeɪd): a different kind or level of opinion, feeling, etc.

reformers of all political ___

- shift (v)

(ʃɪft): to change your opinion of or attitude towards something, or change the way
that you do something

The new policy ___ the emphasis away from fighting inflation.

- shindy (n)

(ˈʃɪndi): (informal)

a noisy argument

to kick up a ___

- shit stirrer (n)

(ˈʃɪt stɜːrər): (British English, taboo, slang)

a person who tries to make situations in which people disagree even worse

- shit stirring (n)

(ˈʃɪt stɜːrɪŋ): (British English, taboo, slang)

the activity of trying to make a situation in which people disagree even worse

- shitstorm (n)

(ˈʃɪtstɔːrm): (taboo, slang)

a situation in which between people disagree and argue violently

- shoot down (phv): to be very critical of somebody's ideas, opinions, etc.

His latest theory has been ___ in flames.

- shot (n)

(ʃɑːt): a remark or an action that is usually one of a series, and is aimed against
somebody/something that you are arguing or competing with

This statement was the opening ___ in the argument.

- shouting match (n)

(ˈʃaʊtɪŋ mætʃ): an argument when people shout loudly at each other

He had got into a ___ with a fan.

- showdown (n)

(ˈʃəʊdaʊn): an argument, a fight or a test that will settle a disagreement that has
lasted for a long time

Management are facing a ___ with union members today

- shrewish (adj)

(ˈʃruːɪʃ): (old-fashioned)

(of women) always arguing and in a bad mood

his ___ wife

- side with (phv): to support one person or group in an argument against

somebody else

The kids always ___ their mother against me.

- signal (v)

(ˈsɪɡnəl): to do something to make your feelings or opinions known

He ___ his discontent by refusing to vote.

- signpost (v)

(ˈsaɪnpəʊst): (British English)

to show clearly the way that an argument, a speech, etc. will develop

You need to ___ for the reader the various points you are going to make.

- signposting (n)

(ˈsaɪnpəʊstɪŋ): (British English)

the process of showing clearly the way that an argument, a speech, etc. will develop

The presentation needed clearer organization and ___

- size up (phv): (informal)

to form a judgement or an opinion about somebody/something

- skirmish (n)

(ˈskɜːrmɪʃ): a short argument, especially between political opponents

an opening ___ in the protracted media battle ahead

- skirmish (v)

(ˈskɜːrmɪʃ): to take part in a short fight or argument

The patrol ___ with the enemy for several hours.

- skirmishing (n)

(ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪŋ): the activity of taking part in a short fight or argument

There are reports of ___ along the border.

- slanging match (n)

(ˈslæŋɪŋ mætʃ): (British English, informal)

an angry argument in which people make offensive remarks to each other

The two of them then got into a ___

- slant (v)

(slænt): (sometimes disapproving)

to present information based on a particular way of thinking, especially in an unfair way

The findings of the report had been ___ in favour of the manufacturers.

- slant (n)

(slænt): a way of thinking about something, especially one that shows support for
a particular opinion or point of view

Her book looks at his writings from a feminist ___

- slugfest (n)

(ˈslʌɡfest): (especially North American English)(informal)

an angry argument in which people shout offensive remarks at each other

The discussion forums are becoming ___

- slur (n)

(slɜːr): an unfair remark about somebody/something that may damage other

people's opinion of them

SYN: insult

She had dared to cast a ___on his character.

- small-minded (adj)

(ˌsmɔːl ˈmaɪndɪd): (disapproving)

having fixed opinions and ways of doing things and not willing to change them or
consider other people's opinions or feelings; interested in small problems and details
and not in things which are really important

- small-mindedness (n)

(ˌsmɔːl ˈmaɪndɪdnəs): (disapproving)

the fact of having fixed opinions and ways of doing things and not being willing to
change them or consider other people's opinions or feelings; the fact of being
interested in small problems and details and not in things which are really important

- solid (adj)

(ˈsɑːlɪd): to be in a strong position in an argument, etc. because you know the

facts

- solidarity (n)

(ˌsɑːlɪˈdærəti): support by one person or group of people for another because

they share feelings, opinions, aims, etc.

community ___

- solidly (adv)

(ˈsɑːlɪdli): agreeing with or supporting somebody/something completely

The state is ___ Republican.

- sophist (n)

(ˈsɑːfɪst): a person who uses clever but wrong arguments

- sophistry (n)
(ˈsɑːfɪstri): the use of clever arguments to persuade people that something is true
when it is really false

Convincing myself that I had gained in some way from my loss was just pure ___

- sound off (phv): to express your opinions loudly or in an aggressive way

He's always ___ about falling standards in education.

- spar (v)

(spɑːr): to argue with somebody, usually in a friendly way

verbal ___

- spark up (phv): to begin a conversation, an argument, a friendship, etc., often

suddenly

I tried to ___ a conversation with her.

- sparring partner (n)

(ˈspɑːrɪŋ pɑːrtnər): a person that you regularly have friendly arguments or

discussions with

He was an old political ___ of mine.

- spat (n)

(spæt): (informal)

a short argument about something unimportant

- speak out (phv): to state your opinions publicly, especially in opposition to

something and in a way that takes courage

He ___ against mismanagement.

- special pleading (n)

(ˌspeʃl ˈpliːdɪŋ): trying to persuade somebody about something by mentioning

only the arguments that support your opinion and ignoring the arguments that do not
support it

- squabble (v)

(ˈskwɑːbl): to argue noisily about something that is not very important

SYN: bicker

My sisters were ___ over what to watch on TV.

- squabble (n)
(ˈskwɑːbl): a noisy argument about something that is not very important

family ___

- square (adj)

(skwer): in agreement with something

That isn't quite ___ with what you said yesterday.

- square with (phv): to make two ideas, facts or situations agree or combine well
with each other; to agree or be consistent with another idea, fact or situation

Your theory does not ___ the facts.

- stake out (phv): to state your opinion, position, etc. on something very clearly

The president ___ his position on the issue.

- stalemate (n)

(ˈsteɪlmeɪt): a disagreement or a situation in a competition in which neither side is

able to win or make any progress

The strike has once again reached ___

- stand (on something) (v)

(stænd): to have a particular attitude or opinion about something or towards

somebody

Where do you ___ on private education?

- stand by (phv): to still believe or agree with something you said, decided or
agreed earlier

She still ___ every word she said.

- stand-off (n)

(ˈstænd ɔːf): a situation in which no agreement can be reached

a ___ between the union and the management

- standpoint (n)

(ˈstændpɔɪnt): an opinion or a way of thinking about ideas or situations

SYN: perspective

We must approach the problem from a different ___

- stand-up (adj)

(ˈstænd ʌp): or fight is one in which people shout loudly at each other or are
violent towards each other

- statement (n)

(ˈsteɪtmənt): something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion

Are the following ___ true or false?

- sticking point (n)

(ˈstɪkɪŋ pɔɪnt): something that people do not agree on and that prevents progress
in a discussion

This was one of the major ___ in the negotiations.

- stir (v)

(stɜːr): to try to cause trouble

You're just ___ it!

- stir up (phv): to try to cause arguments or problems

to ___ a debate

- stormy (adj)

(ˈstɔːrmi): full of strong feelings and angry arguments

a ___ relationship

- straw poll (n)

(ˌstrɔː ˈpəʊl): an occasion when a number of people are asked in an informal way
to give their opinion about something or to say how they are likely to vote in an election

It's only a ___, but it suggests that most people are in favour of stricter regulations

- street (n)

(striːt): the ideas and opinions of ordinary people, especially people who live in
cities, which are considered important

Opinion on the ___ was divided.

- strife (n)

(straɪf): anger or violence between two people or groups of people who disagree

civil ___
- stripe (n)

(straɪp): a type, category or opinion

They are not all of one ___

- strong (adj)

(strɔːŋ): holding an opinion or a belief very seriously

SYN: firm

a ___ opponent

- strong-minded (adj)

(ˌstrɔːŋ ˈmaɪndɪd): having strong opinions that are not easily influenced by what
other people think or say

SYN: determined

My mother was a very ___ woman who always got her own way.

- stubbornly (adv)

(ˈstʌbərnli): (often disapproving) in a way that shows you are determined not to
change your opinion or attitude

She ___ refused to pay.

- stubbornness (n)

(ˈstʌbərnnəs): (often disapproving)

determination not to change your opinion or attitude

I was committed to my plan out of sheer ___.

- subjectivity (n)

(ˌsʌbdʒekˈtɪvəti): the fact of being influenced by personal ideas, opinions or

feelings, rather than facts

There is an element of ___ in her criticism.

- summing-up (n)

(ˌsʌmɪŋ ˈʌp): a speech that the judge makes near the end of a trial in court, in
which he or she reminds the jury about the evidence and the most important points in
the case before the jury makes its decision

- surely (adv)
(ˈʃʊrli): (old-fashioned) (North American English) (informal)

used to say 'yes' to somebody or to agree to something

He knew that if help did not arrive soon they would ___ die.

- sustain (something) (v)

(səˈsteɪn): to provide evidence to support an opinion, a theory, etc.

The evidence is not detailed enough to ___ his argument

- swing (v)

(swɪŋ): to change or make somebody/something change from one opinion, mood,

etc. to another

The game could ___ either way

- swing (n)

(swɪŋ): (countable)

a change from one opinion or situation to another; the amount by which something
changes

violent ___ in policy

- syllogism (n)

(ˈsɪlədʒɪzəm): (specialist)

a way of arguing in which two statements are used to prove that a third statement is
true, for example: 'All humans must die; I am a human; therefore I must die.'

- sympathetic (adj)

(ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk): showing that you approve of somebody/something or that you

share their views and are willing to support them

He was speaking to a highly ___ audience.

- sympathetically (adv)

(ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪkli): in a way that shows that you approve of somebody/something or

that you share their views and are willing to support them

We hope this application will be treated ___

- sympathize (v)

(ˈsɪmpəθaɪz): to support somebody/something

He has never really ___ with the aims of Animal Rights activists.

- syndrome (n)

(ˈsɪndrəʊm): a set of opinions or a way of behaving that is typical of a particular

type of person, attitude or social problem

With teenagers, be prepared for the 'Me, me, me!' ___

- take (v)

(teɪk): to have a particular feeling, opinion or attitude

I ___ a dislike to him.

- take (n)

(teɪk): (informal)

the particular opinion or idea that somebody has about something

What's his ___ on the plan?

- talking point (n)

(ˈtɔːkɪŋ pɔɪnt): (North American English)

an item that somebody will speak about at a meeting, often one that supports a
particular argument

Senate Democrats issued these ___

- tangle (n)

(ˈtæŋɡl): (informal)

a disagreement or fight

- tangle with (phv): to become involved in an argument or a fight with

somebody/something

Last time I ___ with him, he won!

- tear apart (phv): to make somebody feel very unhappy or worried

It ___me ___ to think I might have hurt her feelings.

- tendentious (adj)

(tenˈdenʃəs): (of a speech, piece of writing, theory, etc.) expressing a strong

opinion that people are likely to disagree with
___ political memoirs

- tendentiously (adv)

(tenˈdenʃəsli): (formal, usually disapproving)

in a way that expresses a strong opinion that people are likely to disagree with

SYN: controversially

- tendentiousness (n)

(tenˈdenʃəsnəs): (formal)
(usually disapproving)

the act of expressing a strong opinion in a speech, piece of writing, theory, etc. that
people are likely to disagree with

- there (adv)

(ðer): at that point (in a story, an argument, etc.)

I don't agree with you ___

- thesis (n)

(ˈθiːsɪs): a statement or an opinion that is discussed in a logical way and

presented with evidence in order to prove that it is true

The basic ___ of the book is fairly simple.

- thorny (adj)

(ˈθɔːrni): (usually before noun)

causing difficulty or disagreement

There are still some ___ questions to be answered.

- thoughtcrime (n)

(ˈθɔːtkraɪm): an idea or opinion that is considered socially unacceptable or

criminal

- thought police (n)

(ˈθɔːt pəliːs): a group of people who are seen as trying to control people's ideas
and stop them from having their own opinions

- thrust (n)

(θrʌst): (singular)
the main point of an argument, a policy, etc.

The ___ of his argument was that change was needed.

- tide (n)

(taɪd): the direction in which the opinion of a large number of people seems to be
moving

a ___ of optimism

- tie in (phv): to match or agree with something

This evidence ___ closely with what we already know.

- tiff (n)

(tɪf): (informal)

a slight argument between close friends or two people who love each other

It's just a lovers' ___

- troublemaker (n)

(ˈtrʌblmeɪkər): a person who often causes trouble, especially by involving others

in arguments or encouraging them to complain about people in authority

- tub-thumping (adj)

(ˈtʌb θʌmpɪŋ): (British English) (disapproving)

giving your opinions about something in a loud and aggressive way

a ___ speech

- tub-thumping (n)

(ˈtʌb θʌmpɪŋ): (British English, disapproving)

the act of giving your opinions about something in a loud and aggressive way

- turbulence (n)

(ˈtɜːrbjələns): a situation in which there is a lot of sudden change, trouble,

argument and sometimes violence

a period of ___ in the country's history

- turbulent (adj)

(ˈtɜːrbjələnt): in which there is a lot of sudden change, trouble, argument and

sometimes violence
___ emotions

- turf war (n)

(ˈtɜːrf wɔːr): a violent situation between two groups of people who disagree about
who should control a particular area, activity or business

a vicious ___ between rival gangs of drug dealers

- turnaround (n)

(ˈtɜːrnəraʊnd): a complete change in somebody's opinion, behaviour, etc.

They remain suspicious about the government's ___ on education policy.

- tussle (n)

(ˈtʌsl): a short struggle, fight or argument especially in order to get something

He was injured during a ___for the ball.

- tussle (v)

(ˈtʌsl): to fight or compete with somebody/something, especially in order to get

something

The children were ___with one another for the ball.

- unanimity (n)

(ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti): complete agreement about something among a group of people

There is no ___ of opinion among the medical profession on this subject

- unanimous (adj)

(juˈnænɪməs): if a decision or an opinion is ___, it is agreed or shared by

everyone in a group

a ___vote

- unanswerable (adj)

(ʌnˈænsərəbl): an ___ argument, etc. is one that nobody can question or

disagree with

They presented an ___case for more investment.

- unarguable (adj)

(ʌnˈɑːrɡjuəbl): (formal)
that nobody can disagree with

___ proof

- unarguably (adv)

(ʌnˈɑːrɡjuəbli): (formal)

in a way that nobody can disagree with

She is ___ one of the country's finest athletes.

- unbending (adj)

(ˌʌnˈbendɪŋ): unwilling to change your opinions, decisions, etc.

SYN: inflexible

Her father was a stern ___ man.

- unbridgeable (adj)

(ʌnˈbrɪdʒəbl): an ___ gap or difference between two people or groups or their

opinions is one that cannot be closed or made less wide

The division between the two great branches of the Christian Church, Protestantism
and Roman Catholicism, no longer seems ___

- unchallengeable (adj)

(ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒəbl): that cannot be questioned or argued with; that cannot be

challenged

___ evidence

- uncommunicative (adj)

(ˌʌnkəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv): (disapproving)

(of a person) not willing to talk to other people or give opinions

- unconscious bias (n)

(ʌnˌkɑːnʃəs ˈbaɪəs): an unfair belief about a group of people that you are not
aware of and that affects your behaviour and decisions

They recognize the need for ___ training as a starting point.

- uncontested (adj)

(ˌʌnkənˈtestɪd): without any opposition or argument

The ___ divorce was finalized on March 17.

- underpin (v)

(ˌʌndərˈpɪn): (formal)

to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.

The report is ___ by extensive research.

- underpinning (n)

(ˌʌndərˈpɪnɪŋ): (formal)

something that supports or forms the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.

the theoretical ___ of the study

- unequivocal (adj)

(ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl): (formal)

expressing your opinion or intention very clearly and strongly

an ___ rejection

- unlike (v)

(ˌʌnˈlaɪk): (informal)

to show, by clicking a special button, that you disagree with something on social
media, a news website, a blog, etc.

- unpleasantness (n)

(ʌnˈplezntnəs): bad feeling or arguments between people

I'd rather avoid any ___ with the neighbours.

- unprejudiced (adj)

(ʌnˈpredʒədɪst): not influenced by an unreasonable fear or dislike of

something/somebody; willing to consider different ideas and opinions

- unsettled (adj)

(ʌnˈsetld): (of an argument, etc.) that continues without any agreement being
reached

SYN: unresolved

- unspoken (adj)
(ʌnˈspəʊkən): not stated; not said in words but understood or agreed between
people

an ___ assumption

- unstated (adj)

(ʌnˈsteɪtɪd): (formal)

not stated; not said in words but understood or agreed between

Their reasoning was based on a set of ___ assumptions.

- unsympathetic (adj)

(ˌʌnˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk): not in agreement with something; not supporting an idea, aim,

etc.

The government was ___ to the needs of the poor.

- unsympathetically (adv)

(ˌʌnˌsɪmpəˈθetɪkli): in a way that is not in agreement with something or does not

support an idea, aim, etc.

Her complaint was treated ___

- uproar (n)

(ˈʌprɔːr): a situation in which there is a lot of public criticism and angry argument
about something that somebody has said or done

SYN: outcry

The article caused (an) ___

- upvote (something) (v)

(ˈʌpvəʊt): to show that you agree with an online article or comment by using a
particular icon

Very few people ___ his comments.

- upvote (n)

(ˈʌpvəʊt): an act of showing that you agree with an online article or comment by
using a particular icon

You definitely get an ___ from me.

- vacillate (v)

(ˈvæsəleɪt): (formal)
to keep changing your opinion or thoughts about something, especially in a way that
annoys other people

SYN: waver

The country's leaders are still ___ between confrontation and compromise.

- vacillation (n)

(ˌvæsəˈleɪʃn): (formal)

the act of often changing your opinion or thoughts about something, especially in a way
that annoys other people

problems of ___ and delay in the government

- value-free (adj)

(ˌvæljuː ˈfriː): not influenced by personal opinions

- value judgement (n)

(ˈvæljuː dʒʌdʒmənt): a judgement about how good or important something is,

based on personal opinions rather than facts

Evolutionary psychology does not make a ___ about the way we behave.

- value-laden (adj)

(ˌvæljuː ˈleɪdn): influenced by personal opinions

'Freedom fighter' is a ___ word.

- vendetta (n)

(venˈdetə): a long period of violence between two families or groups, in which

people are murdered in return for previous murders

SYN: feud

- ventilate (v)

(ˈventɪleɪt): (formal)

to express your feelings or opinions publicly

- verdict (n)

(ˈvɜːrdɪkt): a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about something,
after you have tested it or considered it carefully

Well, what's your ___?

- virtue signalling (n)

(ˈvɜːrtʃuː sɪɡnəlɪŋ): (disapproving)

the act of expressing your opinions about social or political issues in public in order to
show other people that you are a good person

Our party is about ideas, not ___

- vocal (adj)

(ˈvəʊkl): telling people your opinions or protesting about something loudly and
with confidence

The protesters are a small but ___ minority.

- vociferous (adj)

(vəʊˈsɪfərəs): (formal)

expressing your opinions or feelings in a loud and confident way

___ protests

- voice (n)

(vɔɪs): a particular attitude, opinion or feeling that is expressed; a feeling or an

opinion that you become aware of inside yourself

He pledged that his party would listen to the ___ of the people

- voice (v)

(vɔɪs): to tell people your feelings or opinions about something

A number of parents have ___ concern about their children's safety.

- volte-face (n)

(ˌvɔːlt ˈfɑːs): (from French, formal)

a complete change of opinion or plan

We were thrown into confusion by his ___

- vox pop (n)

(ˌvɑːks ˈpɑːp): (British English)(informal)

the opinion of members of the public, especially when it is broadcast or published; the
process of asking members of the public for their opinion on something in order to
broadcast or publish it
to do a ___

- wade in (phv): (informal)

to enter a fight, a discussion or an argument in an aggressive or not very sensitive way

The police ___ the crowd with batons

- weak (adj)

(wiːk): the part of a person's character, an argument, etc. that is easy to attack or
criticize

The team's ___ points are in defence

- weigh in (phv): (informal)

to join in a discussion, an argument, an activity, etc. by saying something important,

persuading somebody, or doing something to help

We all ___ with our suggestions.

- weigh up (phv): to form an opinion of somebody by watching or talking to them

It was obvious that she was cautiously ___ me ___

- welcome (n)

(ˈwelkəm): the way that people react to something, which shows their opinion of it

This new comedy deserves a warm ___

- worst (v)

(wɜːrst): (old-fashioned or formal)

to defeat somebody in a fight, a contest or an argument

She couldn't bear to be ___ in a fight.

- wrangle (n)

(ˈræŋɡl): an argument that is complicated and continues over a long period of

time

a legal ___between the company and their suppliers

- wrangle (v)

(ˈræŋɡl): to argue angrily and usually for a long time about something

They're still ___ over the financial details.

- wrangling (n)

(ˈræŋɡlɪŋ): the process of conducting a complicated argument with somebody

over a long period of time

After six months of legal ___, the case was no further forward.

- write in (phv): to write to an organization or a company, for example to ask

about something or to express an opinion

I'll ___ for more information.

- adherence (n)

(ədˈhɪrəns): (formal)

the fact of behaving according to a particular rule, etc., or of following a particular set of
beliefs, or a fixed way of doing something

strict ___ to a diet

- adhere to (phv): (formal)

to behave according to a particular law, rule, set of instructions, etc.; to follow a

particular set of beliefs or a fixed way of doing something

The diet will work if it is ___

- admissibility (n)

(ədˌmɪsəˈbɪləti): how much something can be allowed or accepted, especially in

court

His lawyers plan to challenge the ___of this evidence.

- admissible (adj)

(ədˈmɪsəbl): that can be allowed or accepted, especially in court

The claim was not ___ under the current policy.

- allowable (adj)

(əˈlaʊəbl): that is allowed, especially by law or by a set of rules

It's not ___ under union rules.

- allowance (n)

(əˈlaʊəns): the amount of something that is allowed in a particular situation

a baggage ___ of 20 kilos

- application (n)

(ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn): the act of making a rule, etc. operate or become effective

strict ___ of the law

- binding (adj)

(ˈbaɪndɪŋ): that must be obeyed because it is accepted in law

The decision is ___ on both parties.

- bye-law (n)

(ˈbaɪ lɔː): (North American English)

a law or rule of a club or company

- by-law (n)

(ˈbaɪ lɔː): (North American English)

a law or rule of a club or company

- bypass (v)

(ˈbaɪpæs): to ignore a rule, an official system or somebody in authority, especially

in order to get something done quickly

They let us ___ the usual admissions procedure.

- circumvent (v)

(ˌsɜːrkəmˈvent): (formal)

to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule

They found a way of ___ the law.

- circumvention (n)

(ˌsɜːrkəmˈvenʃn): (formal)

the act of finding a way of avoiding a difficulty or rule

To prevent further ___ of the law, the cut-off date for obtaining permits is March 31.

- compelling (adj)

(kəmˈpelɪŋ): so strong that you cannot resist it

He was a sad man with a ___ need to talk about his unhappiness
- comply (v)

(kəmˈplaɪ): to obey a rule, an order, etc.; to meet particular standards

They refused to ___ with the UN resolution.

- conform (v)

(kənˈfɔːrm): to obey a rule, law, etc.

The building does not ___ with safety regulations.

- consent (n)

(kənˈsent): permission to do something, especially given by somebody in

authority

The written ___ of a parent is required.

- contravene (v)

(ˌkɑːntrəˈviːn): (formal)

to do something that is not allowed by a law or rule

national policies that ___ European law

- contravention (n)

(ˌkɑːntrəˈvenʃn): the fact of doing something that is not allowed by a law or rule

These actions are in ___ of European law

- default (n)

(dɪˈfɔːlt): failure to do something that must be done by law, especially paying a

debt

Mortgage ___ have risen in the last year.

- defy (v)

(dɪˈfaɪ): to refuse to obey or show respect for somebody in authority, a law, a

rule, etc

I wouldn't have dared to ___ my teachers.

- deregulate (v)

(ˌdiːˈreɡjuleɪt): to free a trade, a business activity, etc. from rules and controls

SYN: decontrol
___ financial markets

- dispensation (n)

(ˌdɪspenˈseɪʃn): special permission to do something that is not usually allowed or

legal

She needed a special ___ to remarry.

- diktat (n)

(dɪkˈtæt): (disapproving)

an order given by a government, for example, that people must obey

government by ___

- dictate (n)

(ˈdɪkteɪt): (formal)

an order or a rule that you must obey

to follow the ___ of fashion

- derogation (n)

(ˌderəˈɡeɪʃn): (formal)
(countable)

an occasion when a rule or law is allowed to be ignored

- deregulatory (adj)

(ˌdiːˈreɡjələtɔːri): intended to free a trade, a business activity, etc. from rules and
controls; connected with this process

___ reforms

- deregulation (n)

(ˌdiːˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn): the process of making a trade, business activity, etc. free from
rules and controls

economic ___

- free-for-all (n)

(ˈfriː fər ɔːl): a situation in which there are no rules or controls and everyone acts
for their own advantage

The lowering of trade barriers has led to a ___ among exporters.

- enforcement (n)

(ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt): the act of making people obey a particular law or rule

strict ___ of regulations

- enforce (v)

(ɪnˈfɔːrs): to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule

The legislation will be difficult to ___.

- ground rules (n)

(ˈɡraʊnd ruːl): (plural)

the basic rules on which something is based

The new code of conduct lays down the ___ for management-union relations.

- illegitimacy (n)

(ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəməsi): (formal)

the fact of not being allowed by a particular set of rules or by law

democratic ___

- illegitimate (adj)

(ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmət): (formal)

not allowed by a particular set of rules or by law

SYN: unauthorized

___ use of company property

- illegitimately (adv)

(ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmətli): (formal)

in a way that is not allowed by a particular set of rules or by law

The government had ___ gained power.

- illicit (adj)

(ɪˈlɪsɪt): not allowed by the law

SYN: illegal
___ drugs

- illicitly (adv)

(ɪˈlɪsɪtli): in a way that is not allowed by the law

SYN: illegally

___ obtained drugs

- impermissible (adj)

(ˌɪmpɜːrˈmɪsəbl): that cannot be allowed

an ___ invasion of privacy

- imposition (n)

(ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃn): the act of introducing something such as a new law or rule, or a new
tax
the imposition of martial law

the ___ of tax on domestic fuel

- inadmissible (adj)

(ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbl): (formal)

that cannot be allowed or accepted, especially in court

___ evidence

- infraction (n)

(ɪnˈfrækʃn): (formal)

an act of breaking a rule or law

minor ___ of EU regulations

- infringe (v)

(ɪnˈfrɪndʒ): (formal)

(of an action, a plan, etc.) to break a law or rule

The material can be copied without ___ copyright.

- infringement (n)

(ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt): (formal)

an act of breaking a law or rule

copyright ___

- lawful (adj)

(ˈlɔːfl): (formal)

allowed or recognized by law; legal

She is his ___wife, and so is entitled to inherit the money.

- lawfully (adv)

(ˈlɔːfəli): (formal)

in a way that is allowed or recognized by law; legally

The jury agreed that the doctor had acted ___

- lawfulness (n)

(ˈlɔːflnəs): (formal)

the fact of being allowed or recognized by law; the fact of being legal

They questioned the ___ of the decision.

- lay down (phv): if you ___ a rule or a principle, you state officially that people
must obey it or use it

You can't ___ hard and fast rules.

- leave (n)

(liːv): (formal)

official permission to do something

He applied for ___ to remain in the United Kingdom.

- legit (adj)

(lɪˈdʒɪt): (informal)

legal, or acting according to the law or the rules

The business seems ___

- legitimacy (n)

(lɪˈdʒɪtɪməsi): the quality of being allowed and acceptable according to the law

I intend to challenge the ___ of his claim.

- legitimate (adj)

(lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət): allowed and acceptable according to the law

SYN: legal

Is his business strictly ___?

- legitimately (adv)

(lɪˈdʒɪtɪmətli): in a way that is allowed and acceptable according to the law

The company has ___ marketed its product.

- leniency (n)

(ˈliːniənsi): the fact of being less strict than expected when punishing somebody
or when making sure that rules are obeyed

She appealed to the judge for ___

- lenient (adj)

(ˈliːniənt): not as strict as expected when punishing somebody or when making

sure that rules are obeyed

The judge was far too ___ with him.

- leniently (adv)

(ˈliːniəntli): in a way that is less strict than expected when punishing somebody or
when making sure that rules are obeyed

to treat somebody ___

- licit (adj)

(ˈlɪsɪt): (formal)

allowed or legal

- licitly (adv)

(ˈlɪsɪtli): (formal)

in a way that is allowed or legal

- necessity (n)

(nəˈsesəti): a situation that must happen and that cannot be avoided

Living in London, he felt, was an unfortunate ___

- non-compliance (n)

(ˌnɑːn kəmˈplaɪəns): the fact of failing or refusing to obey a rule

There are penalties for ___ with the fire regulations.

- non-observance (n)

(ˌnɑːn əbˈzɜːrvəns): (formal)

the failure to keep or to obey a rule, custom, etc.

They were accused of ___ of the terms of the contract.

- obligatory (adj)

(əˈblɪɡətɔːri): (formal)

that you must do because of the law, rules, etc.

The college authorities have now made these classes ___

- obliged (adj)

(əˈblaɪdʒd): (formal)

used when you are expressing thanks or asking politely for something, to show that
you are grateful to somebody

I'd be ___ if you would keep this to yourself.

- observe (v)

(əbˈzɜːrv): to obey rules, laws, etc.

Will the rebels ___ the ceasefire?

- off-limits (adj)

(ˌɔːf ˈlɪmɪts): (of a place) where people are not allowed to go

The site is ___ to the general public.

- ordinance (n)

(ˈɔːrdɪnəns): (formal)

an order or a rule made by a government or somebody in a position of authority

- out (adv)

(aʊt): not possible or not allowed

Swimming is ___until the weather gets warmer.

- pass (v)

(pæs): to be allowed

you shall not ___!

- permissible (adj)

(pərˈmɪsəbl): (formal)

acceptable according to the law or a particular set of rules

___ levels of nitrates in water

- police (v)

(pəˈliːs): to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed

The profession is ___ by its own regulatory body

- policing (n)

(pəˈliːsɪŋ): the activity of controlling an industry, an activity, etc. to make sure that
people obey the rules

the ___ of legislation

- precondition (n)

(ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃn): something that must happen or exist before something else can
exist or be done

The talks will be held without ___

- prerequisite (adj)

(ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt): (formal)

that must exist or happen before something else can happen or be done

___ knowledge

- prerequisite (n)

(ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt): (formal)

something that must exist or happen before something else can happen or be done

SYN: precondition
A degree is an essential ___ for employment at this level.

- provide (that) (v)

(prəˈvaɪd): (formal)

(of a law or rule) to state that something will or must happen

The final section ___ any work produced for the company is thereafter owned by the
company.

- recusancy (n)

(ˈrekjʊzənsi): (formal)

the act of refusing to do what a rule or person in authority says should be done

- recusant (n)

(rəˈkjuːzənt): (formal)

a person who refuses to do what a rule or person in authority says they should do

- regulation (n)

(ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn): controlling something by means of rules

the voluntary ___ of the press

- regulation (adj)

(ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn): that must be worn or used according to the official rules

She was wearing the ___ school uniform

- rigorous (adj)

(ˈrɪɡərəs): demanding that particular rules, processes, etc. are strictly followed

SYN: strict

They may benefit from the ___ application of competition policy.

- rigorously (adv)

(ˈrɪɡərəsli): by strictly following particular rules or processes

The country's press is ___ controlled.

- slap on (phv): (informal)

to order, especially in a sudden or an unfair way, that something must happen or
somebody must do something

The company ___ a ban ___ using email on the staff.

- statute (n)

(ˈstætʃuːt): a formal rule of an organization or institution

Under the ___ of the university they had no power to dismiss him.

- statutory (adj)

(ˈstætʃətɔːri): fixed by law; that must be done by law

The authority failed to carry out its ___ duties.

- statutory instrument (n)

(ˌstætʃətɔːri ˈɪnstrəmənt): a law or other rule which has legal status

- stipulate (v)

(ˈstɪpjuleɪt): (formal)

to state clearly and definitely that something must be done, or how it must be done

SYN: spectify

The policy ___ what form of consent is required.

- stipulation (n)

(ˌstɪpjuˈleɪʃn): (formal)

a clear and definite statement that something must be done, or about how it must be
done

The only ___ is that the topic you choose must be related to your studies.

- stringent (adj)

(ˈstrɪndʒənt): (formal)

(of a law, rule, regulation, etc.) very strict and that must be obeyed

___ air quality regulations

- three-line whip (n)

(ˌθriː laɪn ˈwɪp): (in the UK) a written notice to Members of Parliament from their
party leaders telling them that they must be present at a particular vote and must vote
in a particular way
- toughen (v)

(ˈtʌfn): to make something such as laws or rules stricter

The government is considering ___ up the law on censorship.

- unlawful (adj)

(ʌnˈlɔːfl): (formal)

not allowed by the law

He was convicted of ___possession of a firearm.

- unlawfully (adv): (formal)

in a way that is not allowed by the law

Any person who ___kills another is guilty of a crime.

- abide (v)

(əˈbaɪd): to dislike somebody/something so much that you hate having to be with

or deal with them

I can't ___ people with no sense of humour.

- absolute (adj)

(ˈæbsəluːt): (of a legal decision) final

The divorce became ___ last week.

- accountability (n)

(əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti): (formal)

the fact of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain
them when you are asked

proposals for greater police ___

- accountable (adj)

(əˈkaʊntəbl): responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain

them when you are asked

Politicians are ultimately ___ to the voters.

- acquittal (n)

(əˈkwɪtl): an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime

The jury voted for ___

- adjudge (v)

(əˈdʒʌdʒ): (formal)

to make a decision about somebody/something based on the facts that are available

The measures have since been ___ inadequate.

- adjudicate (v)

(əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt): to make an official decision about who is right between two groups
or organizations that disagree

Their purpose is to ___ disputes between employers and employees.

- adjudication (n)

(əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃn): the process of making an official decision about who is right

when two groups or organizations disagree; the decision that is made

The ___ will be published tomorrow.

- adjudicator (n)

(əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪtər): a person who makes an official decision about who is right when
two groups or organizations disagree

You may refer your complaint to an independent ___

- admiration (n)

(ˌædməˈreɪʃn): a feeling of respect for and approval of somebody/something

He never lost the ___of his students.

- adoption (n)

(əˈdɑːpʃn): the decision to start using something such as an idea, a plan or a

name

The committee recommended the ___ of new safety procedures.

- allergic (adj)

(əˈlɜːrdʒɪk): (informal, humorous)

having a strong dislike of something/somebody

You could see he was ___ to housework.

- anathema (n)

(əˈnæθəmə): (formal)

a thing or an idea that you hate because it is the opposite of what you believe

Racial prejudice is (an) ___ to me.

- antipathetic (adj)

(ˌæntɪpəˈθetɪk): (formal)

feeling strong dislike for somebody/something

___ to change

- antipathy (n)

(ænˈtɪpəθi): a strong feeling of dislike

His professional judgement was coloured by his personal ___

- appellant (n)

(əˈpelənt): a person who appeals against a decision made in court

- appellate court (n)

(əˈpelət kɔːrt): (specialist)

a court in which people can appeal against decisions made in other courts of law

- avenue (n)

(ˈævənuː): a choice or way of making progress towards something

Several ___ are open to us.

- averse (adj)

(əˈvɜːrs): liking something or wanting to do something; not opposed to doing

something

I mentioned it to Kate and she wasn't ___ to the idea.

- aversion (n)

(əˈvɜːrʒn): a strong feeling of not liking somebody/something

a strong ___

- award (n)
(əˈwɔːrd): the official decision to give something to somebody

The court must specify the different elements in its ___ of compensation.

- bag (v)

(bæɡ): (North American English)

(informal)

to decide not to do something because you think it will not be successful or because
you think it will be better to do it later

We admitted we were fair-weather climbers and ___ it.

- blind test (n)

(ˌblaɪnd ˈtest): a way of deciding which product out of a number of competing

products is the best or most popular, or how a new product compares with others.
People are asked to try the different products and to say which ones they prefer, but
they are not told the names of the products.

In ___, consumers chose our cola over more established brands.

- call (n)

(kɔːl): a decision

That's a tough ___

- consultation (n)

(ˌkɑːnslˈteɪʃn): the act of discussing something with somebody or with a group of

people before making a decision about it

acting in ___with all the departments involved

- decision theory (n)

(dɪˈsɪʒn θɪri): the study of making the best decision according to what you
calculate you will lose or gain from each choice

- decree (n)

(dɪˈkriː): a decision that is made in court

a ___ on property rights

- default (n)

(dɪˈfɔːlt): what happens or appears if you do not make any other choice or
change, especially in a computer program

The ___ is fifty lines.

- default (to something) (v)

(dɪˈfɔːlt): to happen when you do not make any other choice or change

The progam ___ to the standard style each time you open it.

- delegate (n)

(ˈdelɪɡət): a person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a group of

people and vote and make decisions for them

Congress ___ rejected the proposals

- deliberate (v)

(dɪˈlɪbəreɪt): (formal)

to consider something very carefully, usually before making a decision

The jury ___ for five days before finding him guilty.

- despise (v)

(dɪˈspaɪz): to dislike and have no respect for somebody/something

I don't know why they ___ me so much.

- dilemma (n0

(dɪˈlemə): a situation that makes problems, often one in which you have to make
a very difficult choice between things of equal importance

SYN: predicament

They were caught in a real ___

- disgust (n)

(dɪsˈɡʌst): a strong feeling of dislike for somebody/something that you feel is

unacceptable, or for something that looks, smells, etc. unpleasant

I can only feel ___ for these criminals.

- dissent (n)

(dɪˈsent): (formal)

a judge's statement giving reasons why he or she disagrees with a decision made by
the other judges in a court case

- enamoured (adj)
(ɪˈnæmərd): (formal)

(often in negative sentences) liking something a lot

He was less than ___ of the music.

- faddiness (n)

(ˈfædinəs): (British English, informal, disapproving)

the fact of liking some things and not others, especially food, in a way that other people
think is unreasonable

- faddy (adj)

(ˈfædi): (British English, informal, disapproving)

liking some things and not others, especially food, in a way that other people think is
unreasonable

He's always been ___ about his food.

- fatwa (n)

(ˈfætwɑː): a decision or order made under Islamic law

- favoured (adj)

(ˈfeɪvərd): preferred by most people

the ___ candidate

- find (v)

(faɪnd): (formal)

to make a particular decision in a court case

How do you ___ the accused?

- find against (phv): to make a decision against somebody in a court case

The jury ___ the defendant.

- find for (phv): to make a decision in favour of somebody in a court case

- finding (n)

(ˈfaɪndɪŋ): a decision made by the judge or jury in a court case

The court made a ___ in favour of the defendant.

- finicky (adj)
(ˈfɪnɪki): (disapproving)

too worried about what you eat, wear, etc.; disliking many things

a ___ eater

- free will (n)

(ˌfriː ˈwɪl): the power to make your own decisions about what to do, without being
controlled by God, fate or circumstances

- go before (phv): to be presented to somebody/something for discussion,

decision or judgement

My application ___ the planning committee next week.

- go for (phv): (informal)

to be attracted by somebody/something; to like or prefer somebody/something

She ___ tall slim men.

- go off (phv): (British English, informal)

to stop liking somebody/something or lose interest in them/it

Jane seems to be ___ Paul.

- grow on (phv): if somebody/something ___ you, you start to like them or it

more and more

This song is really___ me.

- grudge (n)

(ɡrʌdʒ): a feeling of anger or dislike towards somebody because of something

bad they have done to you in the past

He's a man with a ___

- hand down (phv): to officially give a decision/statement, etc.

The judge has ___ his verdict.

- have against (phv): to dislike somebody/something for a particular reason

What have you ___ Ruth? She's always been good to you.

- head (n)

(hed): the side of a coin that has a picture of the head of a person on it, used as
one choice when a coin is tossed to decide something
- heart (v)

(hɑːrt): (informal)

to like somebody/something very much; to love somebody/something

She wore an 'I ___ Dad' T-shirt.

- hustle (v)

(ˈhʌsl): to force somebody to make a decision before they are ready or sure

- incisive (adj)

(ɪnˈsaɪsɪv): showing somebody's ability to take decisions and act with force

an ___ performance

- inclined (adj)

(ɪnˈklaɪnd): (used with particular adverbs) having a natural ability for something;
preferring to do something

musically/academically ___children

- indecisive (adj)

(ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv): (disapproving) (of a person)

not able to make decisions quickly and effectively

a weak and ___ man

- joint resolution (n)

(ˌdʒɔɪnt rezəˈluːʃn): a decision that has been approved by the Senate and the
House of Representatives

- judgement call (n)

(ˈdʒʌdʒmənt kɔːl): (informal)

a decision you have to make where there is no clear rule about what the right thing to
do is, so that you have to use your own judgement

- judicial review (n)

(dʒuˌdɪʃl rɪˈvjuː): (in the UK) a procedure in which a court examines an action or
decision of a public body and decides whether it was right

The case is subject to ___

- jurisdiction (n)

(ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn): (formal)

the authority that an official organization has to make legal decisions about
somebody/something

- jurisdictional (adj)

(ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃənl): (formal)

connected with the authority that an official organization has to make legal decisions
about somebody/something

a serious ___ error

- list box (n)

(ˈlɪst bɑːks): a list of choices in a box on a computer screen

- majority verdict (n)

(məˌdʒɔːrəti ˈvɜːrdɪkt): a decision made by a jury in a court case that most

members, but not all, agree with

- miscarriage of justice (n)

(ˌmɪskærɪdʒ əv ˈdʒʌstɪs): a situation in which a court makes a wrong decision,

especially when somebody is punished when they are innocent

- misogynist (n)

(mɪˈsɑːdʒɪnɪst): (formal)

a person who hates women

- misogynistic (adj)

(mɪˌsɑːdʒɪˈnɪstɪk): (formal)

typical of the behaviour and beliefs of a person who hates women

___ attitudes

- narrow down (phv): to reduce the number of possibilities or choices

We ___the choices ___ to five categories.

- no-brainer (n)

(ˌnəʊ ˈbreɪnər): (informal)

a decision or a problem that you do not need to think about much because it is obvious
what you should do

I said yes straight away. It was a ___ for me.

- open verdict (n)

(ˌəʊpən ˈvɜːrdɪkt): an official decision in a British court stating that the exact
cause of a person's death is not known

After the inquest, the coroner recorded an ___

- overfond (adj)

(ˌəʊvərˈfɑːnd): liking somebody/something too much

- override (v)

(ˌəʊvərˈraɪd): to use your authority to reject somebody's decision, order, etc.

The chairman ___ the committee's objections and signed the agreement.

- overrule (v)

(ˌəʊvərˈruːl): to change a decision or reject an idea from a position of greater

power

SYN: override

The verdict was ___ by the Supreme Court.

- overturn (v)

(ˌəʊvərˈtɜːrn): to officially decide that a legal decision, etc. is not correct, and to
make it no longer legally recognized

He hopes that councillors will ___ the decision.

- partial (adj)

(ˈpɑːrʃl): (old-fashioned)

liking somebody/something very much

I'm not ___ to mushrooms.

- partiality (n)

(ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti): (formal)

a feeling of liking something/somebody very much

She has a ___ for exotic flowers.

- penchant (n)

(ˈpentʃənt): a special liking for something

She has a ___ for champagne.

- picky (adj)

(ˈpɪki): (informal)

(of a person) liking only particular things and difficult to please

a ___ eater

- please (v)

(pliːz): often used after as or what, where, etc. to mean 'to want', 'to choose' or 'to
like' to do something

I'm free now to live wherever I ___

- potty (adj)

(ˈpɑːti): liking somebody/something a lot

She's ___ about you!

- preferable (adj)

(ˈprefrəbl): more attractive or more suitable; to be preferred to something

It would be ___ to employ two people, not one.

- preferably (adv)

(ˈprefrəbli): in a way that is more attractive or more suitable; in a way that is

preferred to other ways

We're looking for a new house, ___ one near the school.

- quorate (adj)

(ˈkwɔːreɪt): a meeting that is ___ has enough people present for them to make
official decisions by voting

- quorum (n)

(ˈkwɔːrəm): the smallest number of people who must be at a meeting before it

can begin or decisions can be made

I'm afraid we don't have a ___

- railroad (v)

(ˈreɪlrəʊd): to make a group of people accept a decision, law, etc. quickly by

putting pressure on them

The changes were ___ through.

- remit to (phv): to send a matter to an authority so that a decision can be made

The case was ___ the Court of Appeal.

- repugnance (n)

(rɪˈpʌɡnəns): a very strong feeling of dislike for something

SYN: repulsion

She was trying to overcome her physical ___ for him.

- repulsion (n)

(rɪˈpʌlʃn): a feeling of very strong dislike of something that you find extremely
unpleasant

- resistance (n)

(rɪˈzɪstəns): dislike of or opposition to a plan, an idea, etc.; the act of refusing to

obey

___ to change has nearly destroyed the industry.

- resolve (v)

(rɪˈzɑːlv): (formal)

to make a definite decision to do something

He ___ to do something to help the children he had met.

- retreat (n)

(rɪˈtriːt): an act of changing a decision because of criticism or because a situation

has become too difficult

The Senator made an embarrassing ___ from his earlier position.

- return (v)

(rɪˈtɜːrn): to give a decision about something in court

The jury ___ a verdict of not guilty.

- reverse (v)
(rɪˈvɜːrs): to change a previous decision, law, etc. to the opposite one

to ___ a judgement

- rubber-stamp (v)

(ˌrʌbər ˈstæmp): (often disapproving)

to give official approval to a law, plan, decision, etc., especially without considering it
carefully

The council just ___ decisions made by a higher authority.

- rubber stamp (n)

(ˌrʌbər ˈstæmp): a person or group that gives approval to the actions or decisions
of others without considering them

Parliament is seen as a ___ for decisions made elsewhere

- rule (v)

(ruːl): to give an official decision about something

SYN: pronounce

The court will ___ on the legality of the action.

- ruling (n)

(ˈruːlɪŋ): an official decision made by somebody in a position of authority,

especially a judge

The company intends to appeal against the ___that it was negligent.

- settle on (phv): to choose or make a decision about something after thinking

about it

Have you ___ a name for the baby yet?

- sleep on (phv): (informal)

to delay making a decision about something until the next day, so that you have time to
think about it

Could I ___ it and let you know tomorrow?

- the Rubicon (n)

(ðə ˈruːbɪkɑːn): the point at which a decision has been taken which can no longer
be changed
Today we cross ___. There is no going back.

- straight (adj)

(streɪt): simple; involving only two clear choices

It was a ___ choice between taking the job and staying out of work.

- tail (n)

(teɪl): the side of a coin that does not have a picture of the head of a person on it,
used as one choice when a coin is tossed to decide something

- take against (phv): (old-fashioned, British English)

to start not liking somebody/something for no clear reason

- take to (phv): to start liking somebody/something

I ___ my new boss immediately.

- think over (phv): to consider something carefully, especially before reaching a

decision

I've been ___ what you said.

- toss-up (n)

(ˈtɔːs ʌp): (informal)

a situation in which either of two choices, results, etc. is equally possible

'Have you decided on the colour yet?' 'It's a ___ between the blue and the green.'

- toughie (n)

(ˈtʌfi): (informal)

a very difficult choice or question

- unanimous (adj)

(juˈnænɪməs): if a decision or an opinion is ___, it is agreed or shared by

everyone in a group

___ support

- undecided (adj)

(ˌʌndɪˈsaɪdɪd): not having made a decision about somebody/something

He was ___ as to what to do next.

- uphold (v)

(ʌpˈhəʊld): (especially of a court of law) to agree that a previous decision was

correct or that a request is reasonable

to ___ a conviction

- veto (n)

(ˈviːtəʊ): the right to refuse to allow something to be done, especially the right to
stop a law from being passed or a decision from being taken

the use of the presidential ___

- volition (n)

(vəʊˈlɪʃn): (formal)

the power to choose something freely or to make your own decisions

They left entirely of their own ___

- warm to (phv): to begin to like somebody

I ___ her immediately.

- waver (v)

(ˈweɪvər): to hesitate and be unable to make a decision or choice

She's ___ between buying a house in the city or moving away

- waverer (n)

(ˈweɪvərər): a person who is unable to make a decision or choice

The strength of his argument convinced the ___

- weigh (v)

(weɪ): to consider something carefully before making a decision

You'll need to ___ up all your options.

- act on (phv): to take action as a result of advice, information, etc.

Why didn't you ___ her suggestion?

- admonish (v)

(ədˈmɑːnɪʃ): to strongly advise somebody to do something

A warning voice ___ him not to let this happen.

- advance (something) (v)

(ədˈvæns): (formal)

to suggest an idea, a theory or a plan for other people to discuss

- advice columnist (n)

(ədˈvaɪs kɑːləmnɪst): a person who writes in a newspaper or magazine or on a

website giving advice in reply to people's emails and letters about their personal
problems

- advisement (n)

(ədˈvaɪzmənt): the University Advisement Center

- advisory (adj)

(ədˈvaɪzəri): having the role of giving professional advice

the Careers ___ Service

- aftercare (n)

(ˈæftərker): (British English)

support and advice offered to customers after they have bought a product or service

When you buy one of our products you will receive details of our comprehensive ___
package.

- after-sales service (n)

(ˌæftər ˌseɪlz ˈsɜːrvɪs): the fact of providing help to customers after they have
bought a product, usually involving doing repairs that are needed or giving advice on
how to use the product

- agony aunt (n)

(ˈæɡəni ænt): a person who writes in a newspaper or magazine or on a website

giving advice in reply to people's emails and letters about their personal problems

- agony column (n)

(ˈæɡəni kɑːləm): (British English)

part of a newspaper, magazine or website in which somebody gives advice to readers

who have sent emails or letters about their personal problems

- agony uncle (n)

(ˈæɡəni ʌŋkl): (British English)

a man who writes in a newspaper or magazine or on a website giving advice in reply to
people's emails and letters about their personal problems

- always (adv)

(ˈɔːlweɪz): used to suggest a possible course of action

If it doesn't fit, you can ___ take it back

- assessor (n)

(əˈsesər): an expert in a particular subject who is asked by a court or other official

group to give advice

The government appointed independent ___ to review the viability of the remaining
coal mines.

- bespeak (v)

(bɪˈspiːk): to show or suggest something

His style of dressing ___ great self-confidence.

- bring forward (phv): to move something to an earlier date or time

The meeting has been ___ from 10 May to 3 May.

- careline (n)

(ˈkerlaɪn): a phone service that you can call to get advice or information, for
example on a company's products, or on a medical condition, etc.

Call our customer ___ for advice.

- caution (n)

(ˈkɔːʃn): (formal)

a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk

Some ___ must be mentioned

- cautionary (adj)

(ˈkɔːʃəneri): giving advice or a warning

a ___ tale about the problems of buying a computer

- commend (v)

(kəˈmend): (formal)
to recommend somebody/something to somebody

- connotation (n)

(ˌkɑːnəˈteɪʃn): an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning

negative ___

- connote (v)

(kəˈnəʊt): (formal)

(of a word) to suggest a feeling, an idea, etc. as well as the main meaning

Very soon 'Third World' came to ___ poverty

- consultancy (n)

(kənˈsʌltənsi): a company that gives expert advice on a particular subject to other

companies or organizations

__ fees

- counsel (n)

(ˈkaʊnsl): (formal)

advice, especially given by older people or experts; a piece of advice

In the end, wiser ___ prevailed.

- counsel (somebody) (v)

(ˈkaʊnsl): to listen to and give support or professional advice to somebody who

needs help

Therapists were brought in to ___ the bereaved.

- counselling (n)

(ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ): professional advice about a problem

a student ___ service

- counsellor (n)

(ˈkaʊnsələr): a person who has been trained to advise people with problems,
especially personal problems

I went to see a debt ___ and she agreed to come to the bank with me.

- enjoin (v)
(ɪnˈdʒɔɪn): (formal)

to order or strongly advise somebody to do something; to say that a particular action or

quality is necessary

The code ___ members to trade fairly.

- float (v)

(fləʊt): to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider

They ___ the idea of increased taxes on alcohol.

- guidance (n)

(ˈɡaɪdns): help or advice that is given to somebody, especially by somebody

older or with more experience

___ for teachers on how to use video in the classroom

- guiding (adj)

(ˈɡaɪdɪŋ): giving advice and help; having a strong influence on people

a ___ force

- hand out (phv): (informal)

to give advice, a punishment, etc.

- heads-up (n)

(ˈhedz ʌp): a piece of information given in advance of something or as advice

This is a ___ about the seminar this week.

- heed (v)

(hiːd): (formal)

to pay careful attention to somebody's advice or warning

If only they had ___ his warnings!

- hint (n)

(hɪnt): something that suggests what will happen in the future

At the first ___ of trouble, they left

- hint (v)

(hɪnt): to suggest something in an indirect way

What are you ___ at?

- homily (n)

(ˈhɑːməli): (formal, often disapproving)

a speech or piece of writing giving advice on the correct way to behave, etc.

I don't need a little ___ from him about how to lead my life.

- how-to (adj)

(ˌhaʊ ˈtuː): providing detailed instructions or advice on how to do something

___ books on computing

- how-to (n)

(ˌhaʊ ˈtuː): a guide providing detailed instructions or advice on how to do

something

Visit our downloads page for free ___ and tutorials.

- hypothesize (something) (v)

(haɪˈpɑːθəsaɪz): (formal)

to suggest a way of explaining something when you do not definitely know about it; to
form a hypothesis

Let us try to ___ a particular market situation.

- implicit (adj)

(ɪmˈplɪsɪt): suggested without being directly expressed

These ___ are implicit in his writing.

- implicitly (adv)

(ɪmˈplɪsɪtli): in a way that is suggested without being directly expressed

It reinforces, ___ or explicitly, the idea that money is all-important.

- inadvisable (adj)

(ˌɪnədˈvaɪzəbl): (formal)

not sensible or wise; that you would advise against

- indicate (v)
(ˈɪndɪkeɪt): (formal)

to be necessary or recommended

A course of chemotherapy was ___

- indicative (adj)

(ɪnˈdɪkətɪv): (formal) showing or suggesting something

Their failure to act is ___ of their lack of interest.

- infer (v)

(ɪnˈfɜːr): to reach an opinion or decide that something is true on the basis of

information that is available

Readers are left to ___ the killer's motives.

- insinuate (v)

(ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt): to suggest indirectly that something unpleasant is true

an ___ smile

- marriage counselling (n)

(ˈmærɪdʒ kaʊnsəlɪŋ): advice that is given by specially trained people to couples

with problems in their marriage

They decided to go for ___

- marriage guidance (n)

(ˌmærɪdʒ ˈɡaɪdns): (British English)(becoming old-fashioned)

advice that is given by specially trained people to couples with problems in their
marriage

a ___ counsellor

- mentee (n)

(ˌmenˈtiː): a person who is advised and helped by a more experienced person

over a period of time, especially within a formal mentoring programme in a company, a
university, etc.

The aim is to build up your ___ confidence.

- mentor (n)

(ˈmentɔːr): an experienced person who advises and helps somebody with less
experience over a period of time
She was a friend and ___ to many young actors.

- mentoring (n)

(ˈmentərɪŋ): the practice of helping and advising a less experienced person over
a period of time, especially as part of a formal programme in a company, university,
etc.

a ___ programme

- mentorship (n)

(ˈmentərʃɪp): the advice and help provided by a mentor to a less experienced

person over a period of time, especially as part of a formal programme in a company,
university, etc.

The company runs a formal ___ programme.

- moot (v)

(muːt): (formal)

to suggest an idea for people to discuss

The plan was first ___ at last week's meeting.

- move (v)

(muːv): (formal)

to suggest something formally so that it can be discussed and decided

I ___ that a vote be taken on this.

- nominate (v)

(ˈnɑːmɪneɪt): to formally suggest that somebody/something should be chosen for

an important role, prize, position, etc.

He has been ___ (as) best actor.

- nomination (n)

(ˌnɑːmɪˈneɪʃn): the act of suggesting or choosing somebody as a candidate in an

election, or for a job or an award; the fact of being suggested for this

Membership of the club is by ___ only.

- nominee (n)

(ˌnɑːmɪˈniː): a person who has been formally suggested for a job, a prize, etc
an Oscar ___

- oracle (n)

(ˈɔːrəkl): (in ancient Greece) a place where people could go to ask the gods for
advice or information about the future

They consulted the ___ at Delphi.

- pointer (n)

(ˈpɔɪntər): (informal)

a piece of advice

- point to (phv): to suggest that something is true or likely

All the signs ___ a successful year ahead.

- postulate (v)

(ˈpɑːstʃəleɪt): (formal)

to suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for a
theory, etc.

They ___ a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container.

- preach (v)

(priːtʃ): (disapproving)

to give somebody advice on moral standards, behaviour, etc., especially in a way that
they find annoying or boring

I'm sorry, I didn't mean to ___

- preachy (adj)

(ˈpriːtʃi): (informal, disapproving)

trying to give advice or to persuade people to accept an opinion on what is right and
wrong

- prefigure (v)

(ˌpriːˈfɪɡjər): (formal)

to suggest or show something that will happen in the future

These early paintings clearly ___ his later work.

- proffer (v)
(ˈprɑːfər): (formal)

to offer something such as advice or an explanation

A solution ___ itself.

- prompt (v)

(prɑːmpt): to encourage somebody to speak by asking them questions or

suggesting words that they could say

The program will ___ you to enter data where required.

- propose (v)

(prəˈpəʊz): (formal)

to suggest an explanation of something for people to consider

She ___ a possible solution to the mystery

- proposer (n)

(prəˈpəʊzər): a person who formally suggests something at a meeting

Do we have a ___ for this motion?

- proposition (n)

(ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃn): an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially in business

I'd like to put a business ___ to you.

- propound (something) (v)

(prəˈpaʊnd): (formal)

to suggest an idea or explanation of something for people to consider

the theory of natural selection, first ___ by Charles Darwin

- put to (phv): to offer a suggestion to somebody so that they can accept or

reject it

Your proposal will be ___ the board of directors.

- receptive (adj)

(rɪˈseptɪv): willing to listen to or to accept new ideas or suggestions

SYN: responsive
She was always ___ to new ideas.

- receptiveness (n)

(rɪˈseptɪvnəs): the quality of being willing to listen to or to accept new ideas or

suggestion

- receptivity (n)

(ˌriːsepˈtɪvəti): the quality of being willing to listen to or to accept new ideas or

suggestions

___ to change

- road map (n)

(ˈrəʊd mæp): a set of instructions or suggestions about how to do something or

find out about something

- saw (n)

(sɔː): (old-fashioned)

a short phrase or sentence that states a general truth about life or gives advice

As the old ___ goes, you can't please all of the people all of the time.

- sermon (n)

(ˈsɜːrmən): (informal) (usually disapproving)

moral advice that a person tries to give you in a long talk

We had to listen to a long ___ on the evils of wasting time.

- sermonize (v)

(ˈsɜːrmənaɪz): to give moral advice, especially when it is boring or not wanted

- slate (v)

(sleɪt): to suggest or choose somebody for a job, position, etc.

- steer (n)

(stɪr): a piece of advice or information that helps you do something or avoid a

problem

- tacit (adj)

(ˈtæsɪt): that is suggested indirectly or understood, rather than said in words

By ___ agreement, the subject was never mentioned again.

- tacitly (adv)

(ˈtæsɪtli): in a way that is suggested indirectly or understood, rather than said in

words

to ___ admit something

- theorize (v)

(ˈθiːəraɪz): to suggest facts and ideas to explain something; to form a theory or

theories about something

Cox ___ a complex interplay between politics and economics.

- theorizing (n)

(ˈθiːəraɪzɪŋ): the act of suggesting facts and ideas to explain something; the act
of forming a theory or theories about something

- tip (n)

(tɪp): (informal)

a secret or expert piece of advice about what the result of a competition, etc. is likely to
be, especially about which horse is likely to win a race

a hot ___ for the big race

- turn to (phv): to go to somebody/something for help, advice, etc.

She has nobody she can ___

- volunteer (v)

(ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr): to suggest something or tell somebody something without being

asked

to ___ advice

- vote (v)

(vəʊt): to suggest something or support a suggestion that somebody has made

I ___ (that) we go out to eat.

- want (v)

(wɑːnt): used to give advice to somebody, meaning 'should' or 'ought to'

You don't ___ to do it like that.

- warn off (phv): to advise somebody not to do something or to stop doing
something

She wanted to ask him about it but the look in his eyes ___ her ___