ETIOLOGY

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: PRECIPITATING FACTOR:

• Age • Diet
• Family history of DM • Obesity (BMI: 28.3 -
• History of unexplained overweight)
fetal or perinatal loss
• Ethnicity

Pregnancy hormones (maternal/Placental)

Interferes with the action of insulin

Insufficient insulin Insulin Resistance by cells

production and tissues

Glucose cannot enter cells properly

Increase in blood glucose level

Liver and Pancreas Glucose Travels

compensate across the placenta
 Insulin production and Fetus is exposed to
usage of insulin remains higher glucose
insufficient levels

Cells doesn’t get enough Levels of fetal insulin

glucose for consumption

Triggered growth
Altered cellular stimulating effects
functioning

macrosomia
Affects the organs

Estimated fetal Dx:

Organ degeneration weight :2845grams
Biophysical
Scoring

Organ malfunction

Kidneys Pancreas Erythropoiesis

Affects the Decrease production

Does not produce
RAAS of blood product
sufficient insulin

Increase vascular
resistance Elevates Blood
glucose level Decrease Decrease
RBC WBC: 11.5
WBC
BP: Hypertension
130/60 Diabetes Dx:
mmHg CBC
 Proteinuria Decrease
3+ Anemia Recurrent
metabolism
infection
Decrease
Dx: Osmolarity RBC:
Rapid Weight Vaginal
4.07
Urinalysis gain

Fluid Dx: (+) itchiness at

Shifting FBS: 5.3mmol/L genital area; vaginal
CBC
reddening.
OGTT (+)
(+) thick, cream
Fasting: -120mg/dL cheese-like discharge
Edema Polyhydramnios -1 hour postprandial: in vaginal outlet
190 mg/dL
-2 hours postprandial: Dx:
Rapid weight gain 165 mg/dL
Genital candida
Urine dipstick result infection
shows 3+ glycosuria
Rx: Miconazole
Dx: 50mg/tab 1tab PO
daily x7 days
OGTT & FBS

Rx:

Give regular insulin SQ

PRN

Start Lispro 10units SQ

TID pre-meals

Start Levimir 10units

SQ BID pre-meals
 If treated If not treated

• Can be dangerous
• Chances of
or life threatening
congenital
if untreated
anomalies are
lessened • May lead to Fetal
complications or
anomalies.