Basic Electronics

18ME (Sec- I, II and III), Spring 2019

Lecture-8

Full Wave Rectification

Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro

Contents

▪ Center tap Transformer

▪ Center tap Rectifier
▪ Bridge Rectifier

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Introduction

▪ A full-wave rectifier allows unidirectional (one-way) current through the load during the entire
360oof the input cycle.

▪ The result of full-wave rectification is an output voltage with a frequency twice the input
frequency and that pulsates every half-cycle of the input.

▪ The number of positive alternations that make up the full-wave rectified voltage is twice that of
the half-wave voltage for the same time interval
▪ The average value, which is the value measured on a dc voltmeter, for a full-wave rectified
sinusoidal voltage is twice that of the half-wave.

▪ VAVG is approximately 63.7% of Vp for a full-wave rectified voltage.

Center Tap Transformer

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Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier

▪ A center-tapped rectifier is a type of full-wave rectifier that uses two diodes connected to the
secondary of a center-tapped transformer.

▪ The input voltage is coupled through the transformer to the center-tapped secondary.

▪ Half of the total secondary voltage appears between the center tap and each end of the
secondary winding.
Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier
Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier

▪ For a positive half-cycle of the input voltage, the polarities of the secondary voltages are as
shown in Figure.

▪ This condition forward-biases diode D1 and reverse-biases diode D2.

▪ The current path is through D1 and the load resistor RL

Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier

▪ For a negative half-cycle of the input voltage, the voltage polarities on the secondary are as
shown in Figure.

▪ This condition reverse-biases D1 and forward-biases D2 .

▪ The current path is through D2 and RL
Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier

▪ Output voltage of a center-tapped full-wave rectifier is always one-half of the total secondary
voltage less the diode drop.

▪ Peak Inverse Voltage of Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier

Example:
a. Show the voltage waveforms across each half of the secondary winding and across RL when a
100 V peak sine wave is applied to the primary winding.

b. What minimum PIV rating must the diodes have?

▪ a. The transformer turns ratio n = 0.5. The total peak secondary voltage is

▪ There is a 25 V peak across each half of the secondary with respect to ground. The output load
voltage has a peak value of 25 V, less the 0.7 V drop across the diode.
▪ b. Each diode must have a minimum PIV rating of
Bridge Rectifier

▪ The most familiar network for performing full wave rectification with its four diodes is called full
wave bridge rectifier.
▪ The rectifier efficiency of a bridge rectifier is almost equal to the center tapped full wave rectifier.
The only advantage of bridge rectifier over center tapped full wave rectifier is the reduction in
cost.
▪ In bridge rectifier, instead of using the center-tapped transformer, four diodes are used.

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Bridge Rectifier
▪ During the period t =0 to T/2 the polarity
of the input is as shown in positive.

▪ The resulting polarities across the ideal

diodes show that D2 and D3 are
conducting while D1 and D4 are in the
“off” state.

▪ For the negative region of the input the

conducting diodes are D1 and D4

▪ The important result is that the polarity

across the load resistor R is the same
as establishing a second positive
pulse

▪ Over one full cycle the input and

output voltages will appear

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Bridge Rectifier

▪ Since the area above the axis for one full cycle is now twice that obtained for a half-wave
system, the dc level has also been doubled.

▪ If silicon rather than ideal diodes are employed, an application of Kirchhoff’s voltage law around
the conduction path would result in;

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PIV of Bridge Rectifier

▪ The required PIV of each diode (ideal) can be determined from following figure obtained at the
peak of the positive region of the input signal.
▪ For the indicated loop the maximum voltage across R is Vm and the PIV rating is defined by

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Efficiency of Rectifier

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Efficiency of Rectifier

▪ Half Wave Rectifier

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Efficiency of Rectifier

▪ Full Wave Rectifier

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Comparison

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Ripple Factor

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Ripple Factor

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Ripple Factor

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