Vgkvfrskmlm Glekoglb Lutõgo`l mf @ëxkeo

Dleubtlm mf Fstumkos Uupfrkorfs Eulutktbìg

El`po <

Kgjfgkfràl \uà`kel
Blcorltorko Fxpfrk`fgtlb @ubtkmksekpbkglrko KK

51  GÑ@FSO MF SF[GOBMU
Kgdor`f Fxpfrk`fgtlb 51

Fqukpo1

 Fspkgozl Dborfs Drkml Jlcrkfbl

 Sl`àrfz @ltnfy Ksrlfb Vbksfs
 Skvfrl Eogtrfrls Tlgfssl
 Uobõrzlgo Tlbmës Dfrglgmo

Yrodfsorls1

Uoto Clutkstl Lgl @lràl

Ukxto Cfrroelb Lgl @lràl

Jrupo1 3=63 L/C

Uf`fstrf1 3939-bb

Dfenl mf fgtrfjl1 34 mf `lrzo mf 3939

 

OCAF]KTO
Eo`prf
Eo`prfgm
gmfr
fr bl k`po
k`port
rtlg
lgek
ekl
l mfb
mfb gñ`f
gñ`fro
ro mf Sfyg
Sfygob
obms
ms fg fb fstu
fstumk
mko
o mfb
mfb
eo`portl`kfgto mf ug dbukmo.

KG]SOMVEEKÕG
Fb gñ`fro mf Sfygobms pfr`ktf elrletfrkzlr bl glturlbfzl mfb dbuao, fs mfekr, sk sf
trltl mf ug dbuao bl`kglr, dbuao trlgskekoglb o mf ug dbuao turcubfgto, lmf`ìs kgmkel bl
k`portlgekl
k`portlge kl rfbltkvl mf bl tfgmfgekl mfb dbuao nlekl ug rëjk`fg turcubfgto rfspfeto
mf ugo bl`kglr y bl poskekõg mf fstf fstlmo mfgtro mf ugl bogjktum mftfr`kglml.

Fb eo`portl`kfgto
eo`portl`kfgto mf bos dbukmos fs k`portlgtf plrl bos proefsos mf kgjfgkfràl
kgjfgkfràl fg
jfgfrlb y eogstktuyf ugo mf bos dugml`fgtos plrl fb fstumko mf bls opfrlekogfs
ugktl
ug ktlrk
rkls.
ls. Fb eogo
eogoek`
ek`kf
kfgto
gto mf bos dbukmo
dbukmos
s fs fsfgek
fsfgeklb
lb,, go sobo
sobo plrl
plrl trltl
trltlrr eog
eog
prfekskõg bos procbf`ls mf `ovk`kfgto mf dbukmos l trlvës mf tucfràls, co`cls y
otro tkpo mf fqukpos mf proefso, skgo tl`ckëg plrl fb fstumko mfb dbuao mf elbor y mf
`uenls opfrlekogfs mf sfplrlekõg quf mfpfgmfg mf bl mkduskõg y trlgsdfrfgekl
mf `lsl.
Vg dbuao bl`kglr sf mfdkgf eo`o lqufb fg quf fb dbukmo sf `ufvf fg elpls o
bì`kgls, mfsbkzìgmosf sulvf`fgtf ugls socrf otrls y fxkstkfgmo sõbo kgtfrel`cko
mf `obfeublr fgtrf fbbls. Yor otro blmo, fg ug dbuao turcubfgto,
turcubfgto, fb `ovk`kfgto mf bls
plrtàeubls fs `uy frrìtkeo y sf tkfgf ug kgtfrel`cko trlgsvfrslb mf elgtkmlm mf
`ovk`kfgto `uy kgtfgso.
Fg ugl kgjfgkfràl prìetkel, fb dbuao bl`kglr sf prfsfgtl fg bàgfls quf go sf eruzlg
gk sf mkvfrjfg fg bl eorrkfgtf, fstls skjufg ugl trlyfetorkl plrlbfbl. Clao fstls
eogmkekogfs fb `ovk`kfgto mf bls plrtàeubls mf ug eoborlgtf pufmf sfr dìekb`fgtf
kmfgtkdkelmls eo`o ugl bàgfl mogmf bl tkgtl go sf `fzebl.

Eulgmo fb elumlb vl lu`fgtlgmo, bl trlgskekõg mfb rëjk`fg bl`kglr l turcubfgto

eogst
eogstktu
ktuyf
yf ug proef
proefso
so jrlm
jrlmul
ulb.
b. Bl elàm
elàml
l mf prfs
prfskõg
kõg y bls
bls elrle
elrletfr
tfràst
àstkel
kels
s mf
trlgsdf
trlgsdfrfge
rfgekl
kl mf elbor
elbor pufmf
pufmf sfr ug dletor
dletor mf k`portlg
k`portlgekl
ekl plrl
plrl eogskmf
eogskmfrlr
rlr lb
`o`fgto mf mksfülr ug skstf`l.

Fb dbua
dbuao
o tu
turc
rcub
ubfg
fgto
to sf prfs
prfsfg
fgtl
tl usul
usulb`
b`fg
fgtf
tf fg bosbos proc
procbf
bf`l
`ls s prìe
prìetk
tkeo
eos
s mf
kgjfgkfràl tlb eo`o fb elso mf dbuao fg tucfràls, dbuao fg elglbfs, dbuao fg `ìqukgls
nkmrìubkels, dbuao fg ràos y dbuao fg zogl mf ro`pkfgtfs y sf elrletfrkzl por bl
ljktlekõg. Bls bàgfls quf dor`lg rf`obkgos sf eruzlg y sf sfplrlg. Bl vfboekmlm
dbuetñl fg elml pugto eog rfspfeto lb tkf`po.
 

JFGFSLBKMLMFU
Fb gñ`fr
ñ`fro o mf Sfygobms bms fs ug gñ`f ñ`fro lmk`mk`fgs
fgskogl
oglb quf mfserk erkcf fb
eo`portl`kfgto mf ug dbuao y rfblekogl bls mkdfrfgtfs propkfmlmfs dàskels propkls
mf ug dbukmo quf dbuyf mfgtro mf ugl tucfràl eo`o bl vkseoskmlm
vkseoskmlm y bl mfgskmlm quf
lyumlg l bl mftfr`kglekõg mf bos mkdfrfgtfs rfjà`fgfs mf dbuao y bl lskjglekõg mf
vlborfs gu`ërkeos mf elml ugo.
@ltf`ìtkel`fgtf Sfygobms fs ug plrì`ftro lmk`fgskoglb quf fxprfsl bl rfblekõg
fgtrf dufrzls mf kgfrekl y bls dufrzls mf vkseoskmlm o mf drkeekõg fg fb kgtfrkor mf
ugl eorrkfgtf, quf sf fxprfsl plrl ugl tucfràl mf sfeekõg ekreublr.
Fg ugl tucfràl ekreublr sf eogskmfrl1
• Sf 2 3599 Fb dbuao skjuf ug eo`portl`kfgto bl`kglr.
• 3599 2 Sf 2 =999 Qogl mf trlgskekõg mf bl`kglr l turcubfgto.
• Sf 7 =999 Fb dbukmo fs turcubfgto.

MFUESKYEKÕG MF BLU LE]KTKMLMFU

Fb mfslrrobbo fxpfrk`fgtlb eogskstkõ mf bos skjukfgtfs plsos quf sf `fgekoglg l
eogtkgulekõg1
l) Sfvks
Sfvkskõ
kõgg mf tomls
tomls bls vìbvub
vìbvubls
ls quf pfr`kt
pfr`ktkrì
krìg
g bl lpfrtu
lpfrturl
rl y fb ekfrrf
ekfrrf mfb
mfb
dbukmo, fg fstf elso, fb ljul.
c) Yrfgmf
Yrfgmfrr fb `otor
`otor quf pfr`kt
pfr`ktkrì
krì fb co`cfo
co`cfo mf
mf ljul.
ljul.
e) Lpfrtur
Lpfrturl l mf bl vìbvubl
vìbvubl mf eogtrob
eogtrob mf kgjrfso
kgjrfso mfb ljul mf bl bàgfl
bàgfl (kgstlbl
(kgstlblml
ml
fg fb BF@), rfjublgmo mf tlb dor`l quf sf prfsfgtf ug rfcosf mf ljul
`àgk`o.
m) Uf proefmf
proefmf l lcrkr
lcrkr bl vìbvubl
vìbvubl mf eogtrob mf
mf slbkml mfb ljul.
ljul.

f) l
Fbug
ljul
lju l quf slbf
eostlmo slb
mff bl
fs`fsl
lb`lefglml
lb`lemogmf
fglml fstì
fg
fg ugkgstlblmo
tlgquf
tlgquf ekbàgmrkeo,
ekbàgmrkeo,
fb tuco mfquf
quf fstì fqukplmo
leràbkeo fqukplmo
`ogtlmo
norkzogtlb`fgtf.
d) @lgtfgf
@lgtfgfrr bbfgo fb tlgqu
tlgquff ekbàgmrke
ekbàgmrkeo
o plrl fv
fvktlr
ktlr mlüos
mlüos lb `otor
`otor kgstlbl
kgstlblmo.
mo.
j) Fg ugl sfjugml
sfjugml slbkml
slbkml mf ljul,
ljul, poskekoglr
poskekoglr ugl
ugl eucftl plrl
plrl fb elumlb mf
fstl.
n) @fmkekõg mfb tkf`po fg fg fb eulb kgjrfsl
kgjrfsl ug vobu`fg
vobu`fg mf ljul kmfgtkdkelcbf
kmfgtkdkelcbf fg fg
fb rfekpkfgtf lgtfs `fgekoglmo.
k) Tfrkdke
Tfrkdkelek
lekõg
õg mf bl tf`pfrl
tf`pfrlturl
turl mfb
mfb ljul, to`lm
to`lmo o eo`o mlto
mlto fxpfrk`f
fxpfrk`fgtlb
gtlb..
 a) Lpfrturl
Lpfrturl mfb rfjublmor
rfjublmor mf slbkml mfb eoborlgtf
eoborlgtf (kmfgtkdkelmo
(kmfgtkdkelmo eo`o `orlmo
mf jfgeklgl), mf `lgfrl quf dbuyl l trlvës mfb tuco mf pbìstkeo, trltlgmo
quf sf dor`fg nkbos mf tkgturl.
 

h) Ylrl
Ylrl dbuao bl`kglr,
bl`kglr, kmfgtkdkel
kmfgtkdkelrbo
rbo mf `lgfrl ugkmkrfe
ugkmkrfeekog
ekoglb,
lb, skg dor`lekõg
dor`lekõg mf
torcfbbkgos, skjukfgmo vlrkls bàgfls fg ugl sfeekõg mfb tuco mf leràbkeo.
b) Ylrl
Ylrl dbuao
dbuao turcu
turcubfg
bfgto
to,, ocsfrv
ocsfrvlr
lr fb `fmkmo
`fmkmorr mf vfboe
vfboekml
kmlmm l ug eostl
eostlmo
mo mfb
tlgquf ekbàgmrkeo f kmfgtkdkelr bl dor`lekõg mf torcfbbkgos fg ugl sfeekõg
`fmkl mfb tuco mf leràbkeo.
`) Ylrl
Ylrl db dbua
uao
o trlg
trlgsk
skto
torrko,
ko, kmfg
kmfgtk
tkdk
dkel
elrr dor`
dor`le
lekõ
kõg
g mf torc torcfb
fbbk
bkgo
gos
s y bàgf
bàgfls
ls
ugkmkrfeekoglbfs.
g) Sfpftkr
Sfpftkr fb `ks`o
`ks`o proefm
proefmk`kf
k`kfgto
gto fg mos eorrkm
eorrkmls.
ls.
YSFUFG]LEKÕG MF SFUVB]LMOU
Dbuao bl`kglr

T3
T< X`
 X`BP t< Xsfj.P t3 Xsfj.P
X`BP
=<9 39 349 39
Yro`fmk 5>9 39 349 39
o
Tobu`fg 5;6 349

Dbuao turcubfgto
Tfb. Xdt/sfjP
5.93
9.>:

OCUFSTLEKOGFU [ LGÌBKUKU MF SFUVB]LMO

<. Dbuao
buao bl`k
bl`kgl
glr 
r 
Sf D
<4==.== 9.95>>
<9;9.94 9.96>:

Ylrl fstf rëjk`fg, sf pufmfg ocsfrvlr clals vfboekmlmfs mfb dbukmo, y por fgmf ug
`fgor gñ`fro mf Sfygobms, pfro mfgtro mf sus vlborfs plrl eogskmfrlrbo bl`kglr8
fb trlgspo
trlgsportf
rtf `obfeubl
`obfeublrr fs ormfglm
ormfglmo1
o1 plrtàeu
plrtàeubls
bls mfspblz
mfspblzìgm
ìgmosf
osf fg trlyfeto
trlyfetorkls
rkls
plrlbfbls y ugkmkrfeekoglbfs.

3. Dbua
Dbuao
o tur
turcu
cubf
bfgt
gto
o
Sf D
;9;5.;< 9.955:6
Ylrl fstf rëjk`fg, sf ocsfrvlg
ocsfrvlg lbtls vfboekmlmfs
vfboekmlmfs mfb dbukmo8 fg ug dbuao turcubfgto
bls bàgfls mf eorrkfgtf sf torglg elõtkels, dor`lgmo kgebuso pfqufüos võrtkefs
mfgtro mf ëb. Fg fstf, bls plrtàeubls sf fgtrf`fzeblg lb lzlr mfspblzìgmosf fg
tomls bls mkrfeekogfs poskcbfs.

5. Dbuao trlgsktorko
Sf D
34<;.: 9.954;;
 

Ylrl fstf rëjk`fg, fxkstfg elrletfràstkels tlgto mf ug dbuao bl`kglr lsà eo`o mf ug
dbuao turcubfgto.

 Fb gñ`fro mf Sfygobms fs ugl eulgtkdkelekõg mf bl fgtropàl mf ug dbukmo.

 Fb fxpfrk`fgto sõbo fs vklcbf sk bl mfgskmlm mfb ljul y bl tkgtl sog sk`kblrfs
 Fb rëjk`fg mf ug dbukmo mfpfgmf mf su vfboekmlm, bl glturlbfzl mfb bàqukmo y
fb fspleko por fb quf plsl.
 Fb dbukmo sf torgl elõtkeo eogdor`f tl`ckëg lu`fgtl bl prfskõg quf fafref
bl tucfràl.
 Bl tf`pfrlturl kgdbuyf mkrfetl`fgtf fg bl glturlbfzl dàskel mfb dbukmo, yl
quf
qu f l `lyor
`lyor tf`pf
tf`pfrlt
rlturl
url bl vkseo
vkseoskm
skmlm
lm mks`kg
mks`kguyf
uyf,, fs
fsto
to eogbb
eogbbfv
fvlrà
lràl
l l
rflbkzlr vlrklekogfs fg bl vfboekmlm, fb elumlb, y por fgmf fb gñ`fro mf
Sfygobms el`cklràl.

@F@OSKL MF EÌBEVBO

  DBVAO
DBVA O ]VSCVBF
]VSC VBFG]O
G]O
Mltos1
Tfboekmlm1 5.93 dts/s

Mkì`ftro1 m 0 9.9=;3 dts

  bc
Mfgskmlm1  ό 043=3:.;4 5
dts
  bc
Tkseoskmlm1 ¶0<.93
dt √s

( 9.9=;3 dts )( 43=3:.;4   bcs )( 5.93 dts

5
s
 )
dt s
ℒ0 0 ;9;5.; ℒ
  bs
( <.93 )
dts√ s

 Ufjugml eorrkml DBVAO ]SLGUK]OSKO

Tfboekmlm1 T 0 ¿ 9.>: dts/s

Mkì`ftro1 m 0 9.9=;3 dts

  bc
 ό 043=3:.;4
Mfgskmlm1 dts5
 

  bc
Tkseoskmlm1 ¶0<.93
dts√s

  bcs   dts
( 9.9=;3 dts )( 43=3:.;4 5
)( 9.>:   )
dt s s
ℒ0 034<;.:: ℒ
( <.93   bs )
dts√s

  DBVAO BL@KGLS
Mltos1
]kf`po1 39 sfj.
Tobu`fg1 5;6 `B
  bc
¶0 <.93
dts√s
  bc
 ό 043=3:.;4 5

dts
  Eìbeubo mfb elumlb1
5
5;6 `B  e`
\0  0 <;.:6
39 sfj sfj
(ωM )
  Uf mftfr`kgl fb Ìrfl1  L 0
=

ω  3
   L 0   e`
>

Eog bos mltos lgtfrkorfs y bl dõr`ubl mf \0T . L  mfspfalrf`os bl vfboekmlm

qufmlgmo eo`o1
5
e`
( <;.:6 )
\ sfj   e`
  T 0      T 0 0<4.:4=5  .
 L ω  3 sfj
  e`
>

  Eogvfrskõg l dts

<4.:4=5 (
  e`   < dts
sfj 59.=> e`
09.669
 dts
s )
  dts
T 0 9.669 .
sfj
 

  bc   dts
( 9.9=;3 dts )( 43=3:.;4 5
)( 9.669 )
dts sfj
ℒ0
  bc
<.93
dts√s
ℒ0<4=;.== ℒ

 UFJVGML EOSSKML1
Mltos1
]kf`po1 39 sfj.
Tobu`fg1 349 `B
Mkì`ftro kgtfrgo1 9.9=;3 dts
  bc
¶0 <.93
dts√s
5
  bcs ω  3
 ό 043=3:.;4 dt s5    L 0 >   e`   \0 349 `B 0 <5  e`
39 sfj sfj

5
 e`
<5
sfj   e`  dts
T 0 0<<.95=: 09.5439
ω  3 sfj s
 e`
>
  bc   dts
( 9.9=;3 dts )( 43=3:.;4 5
)( 9.5439 )
dts sfj
ℒ0
  bc
(<.93 )
dts√s
 S f 0<9;9.94 ℒ

  YLSL SËJK@FG BL@KGLS MF]FS@KGF FB DLE]OS MF DSKEEKÕG

EOGUKMFSLGMO \VF FU]F UÕBO MFYFGMF MFB GSf.
Fb dletor mf drkeekõg plrl rëjk`fg bl`kglr sf pufmf mftfr`kglr por bl skjukfgtf
feulekõg quf mfpfgmf mfb gñ`fro mf Sfygobms. [ go mfpfgmf mf bl rujoskmlm yl
quf go sf dor`lg turcubfgekls.
4=
d 0
ℒ
 

  4=
d 0 09 . 96>: 
<9;9.94

  4=
d 0 09 . 95>>
<4=;.==

  YLSL SËJK@FG ]VSCVBFG]O V]KBKEF VGL FEVLEKÕG F@YÀSKEL

YLSL MF]FS@KGLS FB DLE]OS MF DSKEEKÕG MF LEVFSMO EOG
BLU EOGMKEKOGFU MF F^YFSK@FG]LEKÕG.

Ylrl mftfr`kglr fb dletor mf drkeekõg fg rëjk`fg turcubfgto, tfgf`os bl feulekõg

mf Hlr`lgg-Yrlgmbtb.

<
∑ d d 
0∓3√boj ( ℒ  )
 3.6<
∑ d d 

Yor bo tlgto, plrl bos mkdfrfgtfs gñ`fros mf Sfygobms tfgf`os1

Sf D
;9;5.;< 9.955:6
34<;.:: 9.954;;

LGF^O MF K@ÌJFGFU MF BOU SFJÀ@FGFU OC]FGKMOU.

 Dbuao bl`kglr. 

 Dbuao
Dbua o turcu
turcubfgt
bfgto
o.

EOGEBVUKOGFU
 

EOGEBVUKOGFU
Eo`o sf pufmf
pufmf ocsfrvlr
ocsfrvlr fg gufstrl
gufstrls
s jfgfrlb
jfgfrlbkmlm
kmlmfs
fs fstlcbfe
fstlcbfek`os
k`os mf `lgfrl
`lgfrl
tfõrkel quf fb gñ`fro mf Sfygobms mfpfgmàl mf vfboekmlm mfb dbukmo, mfb mkì`ftro
mf tu
tucf
cfrà
ràl,
l, o mkì`
mkì`ft
ftro
ro fquk
fqukvl
vlbf
bfgt
gtf
f sk bl eogm
eogmue
ueek
ekõg
õg go fs ekre
ekreub
ublr
lr,, y mf bl
vkseoskmlm ekgf`ìtkel o fg su mfdfeto mfgskmlm y vkseoskmlm mkgì`kel. Fsto plrl
pomfr ocsfrvlr fb eo`portl`kfgto mf ug dbukmo.

Mfckmo l bls eogmkekogfs f`pbflmls, duf `uy sfgekbbo kmfgtkdkelr eulgmo gufstro
dbuao sf eo`portlcl mf `lgfrl bl`kglr y turcubfgtl, `ìs fg el`cko, sf mkdkeubto fb
pomfr ocsfrvlr eulgmo tfgàl ug eo`portl`kfgto trlgsktorko.
 Lb trlclalr eog gufstros
gufstros mltos octfgkmos
octfgkmos fxpfrk`fgtlb`fgtf
fxpfrk`fgtlb`fgtf fgeogtrl`os
fgeogtrl`os quf
gufstro dbuao sf eo`portõ mf `lgfrl bl`kglr y turcubfgtl, y ugl fg trlgsktorko
mfckmo l quf su gñ`fro mf Sfygobms duf ug gñ`fro `lyor l 3999 y `fgor quf
=999.

CKCBKOJSLDÀL
<. Yfrr
Yfrry,
y, Socf
Socfrt
rt N. Jrff
Jrffg g Mog
Mog Z, ‒@lg‒@lgululbb mfb
mfb Kgjf
Kgjfgk
gkfr
fro
o \uà`
\uà`kekeo
o Tob.
Tob.<‐
<‐
sëptk`l fmkekõg, @lmrkm 39<9, Fmktorklb @e. Jrlw Nkbb.
3. @frb
@frbf,
f, Zkjj
Zkjjfkfkt,
t, @feì
@feìgkgkel
el mf dbuk
dbukmo
mos,
s, Fmkt
Fmktor
orkl
klbb Kgtf
Kgtfrg
rglt
ltko
kogl
glbb ]no`
]no`so
sogg
Fmktorfs UL mf ET, 5¹ Fmkekõg, @ëxkeo, 3993
5. Uktkos wfc1 nttps1//sbkmfpblyfr.fs/sbkmf/35466/
=. nttp1//www.dec.ulgb.`x/KMEy]L/dkbfs/vobu`f</3/<9/<=>.pmd