Department of Teacher

Education
INAVS, Marvel, Leyte, PHILIPPINES

MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Exercise No. 3

NAME: Shanica E. Surigao

COURSE AND YEAR: BSED I – Science

I. INTRODUCTION

Think of it – every living creature, big or small, is the product of cell division, in
which a single cell divides to become two cells. It is a basic fact of life. In this activity,
you will unravel the mysteries of two important processes of cell division – meiosis and
mitosis.
The process of nuclear division followed by the division of the cytoplasm, when
chromosomes are distributed equally to daughter cells, is known as mitosis. Interphase
and mitosis together make up the cell. Although cell division is a continuous process,
biologists recognize four distinct phases – each phase merging into the next. The four
phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
There is another form of cell division that allows offspring to have the same
number of chromosomes as the parents. The type of cell division that produces sex
cells that contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell is called meiosis.
Meiosis occurs in two stages – meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, a spindle forms
and the cytoplasm divides in the same way as in mitosis, however, what happens to the
chromosomes is very different to meiosis. The first division in meiosis is consists of
prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I. The newly formed cells may
undergo a short interphase in which the chromosomes do not replicate, or the cells may
go from meiosis I directly to meiosis II. The second division of meiosis consists of
prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II.
At the end of this activity, you should be able to:
1. Describe the steps involved in mitosis and cell growth and division
2. Describe the steps involved in meiosis
II. MATERIALS AND METHOD
 The materials that I used in making the DNA structure 3D Model are the
following:

 Video presentation about mitosis in onion root tips

 2 yarns with different color of your choice.
First, the materials used were gathered. Select a two color of yarns as it
represents the mother and father. Cut the yarn according to your desired sizes.
Lastly, paste the yarns to the circle to the different circles.

III. PROCEDURE

MITOSIS
This link will direct you to a video about an experiment in onion root tips which will show
the stages of mitosis. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UPNcmZQ-K
1. Using the figure 14, write down which phase of mitosis each cell is in.
1 24
2 25
3 26
4 27
5 28
6 29
7 30
8 31
9 32
10 33
11 34
12 35
13 36
14 37
15 38
16 39
17 40
18 41
19 42
20 43
21 44
22 45
23
2. Use the data table to record the number of cells that you see in each of the stages in figure
14.
Stage of Cell Cycle Number of Cell in the stage
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
MEIOSIS
1. Each single piece of yarn represents one chromosome
 a piece equals one chromosome inherited from the mother;
 a piece equals one chromosome inherited from the father.

NOTE: Use different color of yarn to differentiate the chromosome from mother and
father.
2. Two pieces, held together equals one chromosome duplicated into two new strands
(chromatids), each of which becomes a duplicate chromosome when the centromere
splits at the beginning of anaphase.
For each step of meiosis, use your yarn chromosomes and arrange them on your table.
When you're finished, sketch it in your notebook or take a picture. Please keep in mind
that you must draw your step after you've used your string. In your notebook, you will
have 8 different photographs.
(NOTE: Refer to your learning guide for the steps and for the illustration of
chromosomes in each step.)

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The stage that the majority of the cells found in the interphase because it is the
busiest part of the cell cycle. Cells are making ATP, repairing themselves, and excreting
their wastes. Because biologists recognize the four distinct phases – each phase
merging into the next and the cell division is a continuous process.
 The chromatids in a tetrad pair tightly. In fact, they pair so tightly that non-sister
chromatids from homologous chromosomes sometimes actually exchange genetic
material in a process known as crossing over. Crossing over is important because it
results new combination of alleles on a chromosome. For a pregnancy to be successful,
the right number of chromosomes must be present. Your kid might not grow normally if
your embryo does not contain the appropriate number of chromosomes that’s why your
number of chromosomes must be complete.

V. CONCLUSION

Chromosome replication and equitable distribution between the two daughter

cells occur during the cell division process known as mitosis. Each daughter cell has the
same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, making them diploid. Thus, mitosis is
sometimes referred to as equational division.
These are the phases of mitosis:
 The chromosomes shorten and thicken during prophase.
 Chromosomes align in the center of the cell during metaphase.
 Chromatids split off at the centromere and migrate to opposite poles during
anaphase.

 After nuclear envelopes around each group of chromosomes had reformed, two
nuclei were created during telophase.
In the majority of living things' life cycles, mitosis is important. It promotes growth,
asexual reproduction, and cell regeneration.
VI. REFERENCES

 Fertility Centers of New England. (2020, April 29). Why are chromosomes important?
Fertility Centers of New England. Retrieved June 23, 2022, from
https://www.fertilitycenter.com/fertility_cares_blog/why-are-chromosomes-important/

 YouTube. (2020, January 23). Biology lab || mitosis. YouTube. Retrieved June 23,
2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UPNcmZQ-KQ

 Onion cell mitosis lab - gwisd.us. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2022, from
https://www.gwisd.us/vimages/shared/vnews/stories/4ebbe99bda63a/Onion%20Cell
%20Mitosis%20Lab.pdf

 Themes of biology - whs.rocklinusd.org. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2022, from

https://whs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology/Unit%201/Themes
%20of%20Biology.pdf