English Lectures Module (1) 2020 Students'

King Faisal University
Collage of Arts
Social Studies Department
Tourism and hospitality Section
English lectures
Module (1)
Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 1

Phonetic Alphabet used in Hotel and Tourism
Industry
Letter Word Pronunciation
A ALFA AL FAH
B BRAVO BRAH VOH
C CHARLIE CHAR LEE (or) SHAR LEE
D DELTA DELL TAH
E ECHO ECK OH
F FOX FOKS
G GOLF GOLF
H HOTEL HOH TELL
I INDIA IN DEE AH
J JULIETT JEW LEE ETT
K KILO KEY LOW
L LIMA LEE MAH
M MIKE MIKE
N NOVEMBER NO VEM BER
O OSCAR OSS CAH
P PAPA PAH PAH
Q QUEBEC KEH BECK
R ROMEO – ROMA ROW ME OH
S SUGAR SHU GA
T TANGO TANG GO
U UNIFORM YOU NEE FORM (or) OO NEE FORM
V VICTOR VIK TAH
W WHISKEY WISS KEY
X XRAY ECKS RAY
Y YANKEE YANG KEY
Z ZOO ZOO

Abbreviations of Days of the Week
Days Abbreviation Number of the day
Monday MON 1
Tuesday TUE 2
Wednesday WED 3
Thursday THU 4
Friday FRI 5
Saturday SAT 6
Sunday SUN 7
Abbreviations of Months of the year

Months Abbreviation Number of the Month
January JAN. 1
February FEB. 2
March MAR. 3
April APR. 4
May MAY. 5
June JUN. 6
July JUL. 7
August AUG. 8
September SEP. 9
October OCT. 10
November NOV. 11
December DEC. 12

Abbreviations for people’s titles
Abbreviation Usage
Sir. / Mr. Man or male married or unmarried
MRS. Married woman
MS. Female whether she is married or not (single)
Miss Young women less than 16 years old

Cardinal and ordinal numbers
Cardinal numbers Ordinal Numbers Abbreviation
One 1 First 1st

Two 2 Second 2nd
Three 3 Third 3rd
Four 4 Fourth 4th
Five 5 Fifth 5th
Six 6 Sixth 6th
Seven 7 Seventh 7th
Eight 8 Eighth 8th
Nine 9 Ninth 9th
Ten 10 Tenth 10th
Cardinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers are normally used when you:
• Count things: I have two brothers.
There are thirty-one days in January.
• Give your age: I am thirty-three years old.
My sister is twenty-seven years old.
• Give your telephone number: Our phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-
seven. (481-2240)
• Give years: She was born in nineteen seventy-five (1975).
America was discovered in fourteen ninety-two
Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers are normally used when you:
• Give a date: My birthday is on the 27th of January. (Twenty-seventh of January)
We will travel to Paris in 8th December 2019

• Put things in a sequence or order: Liverpool came second in the football league last
year.
This is our third trip to Thailand
• Give the floor of a building: His office is on the tenth floor.
• Have birthdays: He had a huge party for his twenty-first birthday.
• Refer to centuries: Shakespeare was born in the 16th century.
Countries, nationalities, capitals and currencies

When we talk about countries, nationalities and food, we must use the correct parts of speech.
• The country name is a noun.
• For the people, food, language and nationality, use the adjective form.
Country people, food, language Capital Currency

and nationality
China Chinese Beijing Chinese Yuan
United States American Washington D.C. United States Dollar

Of America USD
USA
Germany German Berlin Euro
United British London British Pound GBP

Kingdom Sterling
France French Paris Euro
Australia Australian Canberra Australian dollar
Canada Canadian Ottawa Canadian dollar
Russian Russian Moscow Ruble

Federation

Italy Italian Rome Euro
Spain Spanish Madrid Euro
Mexico Mexican Mexico City peso
Turkey Turkish Turkish Turkish lira
Thailand Bangkok Thai Thai Baht
Egypt Egyptian Cairo Egyptian Pound
Saudi Arabia Saudi Riyadh Saudi Riyal
United Arab Emirati Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Emirates dirham AED
Indonesia Indonesian Jakarta Rupiah
Kenya Kenyan Nairobi Kenyan shilling
Greece Greek Athens Euro
Malaysia Malaysian Kuala lumpur Ringgit
I am Egyptian women- man. (Verb to be + nationality)
I am from Egypt. (Verb to be + from + Country/city)
I come from Greece and I speak Greek.
My sister lives in Australia and she has married an Australian.
Excuse me I am looking for a French restaurant.
In our hotel we have three Russian tourists and five tourists from Canada.
The capital of Germany is Berlin

The currency of Saudi Arabia is Saudi Riyal
Madrid is the capital city of Spain

Situations
1. Introduce yourself as a student in the class (less formally- informal)
• Say hello and tell everyone your name.
“Hi, my name’s ……….., but you can call me ……….”
“Hi everybody, I’m Jake Lee.”
• Mention a few of your hobbies or interests, or facts about you.
“I play basketball and work at the volunteer at the animal shelter in my free time.”
“I have two brothers and a dog. In my free time, I really like to do online gaming and I want to
study software development in college.”
• Talk about why you’re taking the class, or why you’re excited about it, if you’re in
a college course.
“I signed up for this class because I’ve always been interested in learning English. I think it’s a
really beautiful language and I’m excited to learn how to speak it.”
“I’m taking this course because I’m interested in doing a graduate degree in hospitality and
tourism so I’m excited to take this class and learn more about that.”
• Tell your classmates that you’re excited to meet them.
“I’m looking forward to working with you guys this semester.”
“Can’t wait to get to know everyone!”

2. Reply to an Informal Introduction
• Nice to meet you too
Nice to meet you too. I’m ………..
• Lovely to meet you

Lovely to meet you. Would you like a drink?
3. Reply to a Formal Introduction
• Nice to meet you

Nice to meet you, Colonel Wrigley.
• Pleased to meet you

Pleased to meet you, Angela. I’m Dr Slithers.
• I’m delighted to meet you.

I’m delighted to meet you. Welcome to London.
• My pleasure
My pleasure. Have you had a good trip?
• It’s an honor
It’s an honor, ambassador.
4. Say Bye Formally
• Good night everyone

• Goodbye. Please send my regards to Miss Burkes.

• It was nice to talk to you.
• It’s been a pleasure to get to play golf with you.
• Hope we meet again before next summer.
5. Say Bye Informally

• See you later.
• Take care till tomorrow.
• Cheers. Give my love to Jeannette.
• Bye …..name…..
6. Say Thanks
• Thanks for everything.

• Thank you for your kind cooperation.
• I’m thankful for all your efforts.
• I appreciate your interest in my situation.
• I’m grateful for your support in securing the bank loan.
7. Greeting Customers
• “Good morning/Good afternoon/Good evening.”
• “Welcome to [company name]. My name is [your name].” How (may – can) I help you?
Example:
• Staff : Good morning Mr.Jone Welcome to the ( hotel name)
• Guest : Thank you.

• Staff : How can I help you?
• Guest : I want to book a room.

you can say goodbye with one of these statements
• “We hope you enjoy your stay!”
• “Please let us know if you have any comments or questions to share during your stay.”
8. Answering Phone Calls

To answer the phone, you only need one simple phrase:
• “Hello, you have reached [company name]. This is [your name]. How may I help you?”
9. Complain Strongly
• I’m not satisfied with your attitude………

• We deserve better service.
• I'm sorry to have to say this but food today wasn’t good at all.
10. Reply to a Complaint
• We are sorry for ……………..

• I’d like to apologize for ………………….
• We’ll do our best to settle the matter
• We’ll solve this affair

How to make a Travel Brochure
I. Step 1: Decide on what type of travel brochure you would like to create. Choose the
type of travel brochure you will be creating:
1. Paper travel brochure (handmade)
2. Paper travel brochure (printout)
3. Powerpoint travel brochure
4. Virtual travel brochure through Web design
5. Travel brochure on a presentation poster-board
II. Step 2: Surf on the Internet and decide on the focus of your travel brochure.(Go to
www.google.com or www.yahoo.com then type in “travel information”+ “country/city
name”)
III. Step 3: Research your topic by finding information, taking notes and jotting down ideas
in your notebook. Look at real travel brochures or samples.
IV. Step 4: Create your travel brochure. Make sure your creative brochure includes at least
the first 4 points.
1. First page: the name of the place should be on top of this page, with capitalized or bold
letters. Also come up with a catchy slogan for the place.
2. Include appealing pictures and descriptive introductions to the place. Use highly exact
adjectives, adverbs, and comparisons to build descriptive sentences.
3. Use the five senses (touch, taste, sight, sound and smell) in your writing.
4. Include your name (or company name) and contact information (e-mail, website,
address or phone number)
5. If using paper, experiment with different ways to fold your brochure.

6. If using PowerPoint or another computer application, be sure to discuss your creative
process with your teacher.
7. If using poster-board, it might be best to design on paper before attaching any
permanent fixtures to your board.
8. Remember to add your own creative touch! Try using photos, drawings, and other
visuals or graphics to make your travel brochure standout!
V. Step 5: Congratulations! Your travel brochure is now ready to go on tour! Submit it to
your teacher and make a presentation on ……..2019.
Letters.
Greeting Name unknown: Dear Sir/Madam,
Name known: Dear Mr…/ Dear Mrs… / Dear Ms..+ surname
Reason for writing I am writing to …
I am writing with regard to …
I am writing on behalf of …
Asking questions I would be grateful if …
I wonder if you could ….
Could you …?
Referring to their letter As you stated in your letter, ….

/points
Regarding …/ Concerning …

With regard to ….
Closing expressions If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to
contact me.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Signing off If Dear + name: Yours sincerely,
If Dear Sir/ Madam: Yours faithfully
(Dear + first name : Yours,)
name Your first name + surname printed clearly under your signature
Sample Letter Format
Contact Information (Your contact information. If you are writing on letterhead that includes
your contact information, you do not need to include it at the start of the letter.)
Your Name
Your Address
Your City, State Zip Code
Your Phone Number
Your Email Address
Date

Contact Information (The person or company you are writing to)
Name
Title
Company
Address
City, State Zip Code
Greeting
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name: (Use a formal salutation, not a first name, unless you know the
person extremely well.
If you do not know the person's gender, you can write out their full name. For instance, you
could write "Dear Pat Crody" instead of "Dear Mr. Crody" or "Dear Ms. Crody."
Note that the person's name is always followed by a colon (:) in a business letter, and not a
comma (,)
If you do not know the recipient’s name, it’s still common (and safe) to use the old-fashioned
“To Whom It May Concern:”).
Body of Letter
The first paragraph of your letter should provide an introduction as to why you are writing so
that your purpose is obvious from the very beginning.
Then, in the following paragraphs, provide more information and specific details about your
request or the information you are providing.
The last paragraph of your letter should repeat the reason you are writing and thank the
reader for reviewing your request. If appropriate, it should also politely ask for a written
response or for the opportunity to arrange a meeting to further discuss your request.

Closing
Best regards,
Signature
Handwritten Signature (for a hard copy letter – use blue or black ink to sign the letter)
Typed Signature
Sender contact info
Reciever contact info
Date
Greetings
Body of letter
- First paragraph ( introduction)
- the following paragraphs, provide more information and specific details
- The last paragraph repeat the reason you are writing and thank the
reader
closing
Signiture

Sample letter.
You recently visited a local sports centre and were dissatisfied with the service provided. You
have decided to write to the manager.
Your address
The Manager,
Address of Sports Centre.
Date
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing following a recent visit to the Newtown Sports Centre. I would like to express my disappointment with the
service I received.
Although the staff were generally polite and helpful, they seemed to lack basic sports knowledge. None of them could offer
any advice to me on choosing a tennis racket. I suggest that you send your employees on suitable training courses..
Another cause for complaint was that the swimming pool was closed. I understand that repairs and maintenance need to
be carried out. However, when I called for information the day before my visit, the receptionist did not mention that the pool
was closed. If I had known, I would have visited the sports centre at another time.
Finally, offering lessons in different sports is a good idea, but in my opinion they seem to be very expensive. Considering
the membership fee, the prices of lessons should be lower, and more sports should be offered. I was disappointed that
neither diving nor windsurfing was available.
I hope you will take these points into consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Joe Bloggs.

TOURISM LETTERS (LETTERS OF CONFIRMATION)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 Thank client for the telephone enquiry of (date)

 Say what you have booked. Begin with ‘In accordance with your instructions.’
 Tell client how and when s/he must pay the bill to confirm the booking. Begin with
‘Payment by credit card….’
 Thank her for using your firm
 End the letter
 Write the salutation
ATLANTIC HOUSE, HAZELWICK AVENUE,

HAYWARDS HEATH,
WEST SUSSEX HH10 1NP
Mrs Julia Pinotti

48, Canal Street,
Herne Bay,
Kent
24th March 2004
Dear Mrs Pinotti,
Thank you for your telephone enquiry of 18th March.
In accordance with your instructions we have booked a double room with shower in your
name at the Belvedere Hotel, in Frascati, Ialy from the 18th to 21st June inclusive.
-
Payment by credit card within 48 hours is required to confirm the booking.

Thank you for using our agency We trust that you will enjoy your holiday. If you should
have any further enquiries please do not hesitate to contact us.
Yours sincerely,
----------------
Hotels jobs and daily duties
No. Job Title Job Description

Hotel manager • Responsible for managing all hotel staff.
• Planning, marketing, coordinating and
administering hotel services such as catering and
accommodation facilities.
Chambermaid / • Cleans guests’ rooms

Housekeeper
Front Desk Supervisor and • The front desk staff will take and cancel reservations
Staff • Check in and check out for guests.
Concierge • Give information and help the guests.
Accountant • Manage the hotel's overall budget.

• Report Finances.
Porter • Carries guests' bags to their room

Waiter • Serves guests in the restaurant. A man whose job is to serve
customers at their tables in a restaurant.
• Communicate with customers to resolve complaints or
ensure satisfaction
Marketing manager • Finds business for the hotel

• Is responsible for maximizing a hotel's revenues.
bartender • Interact with customers, take orders and serve snacks

and drinks
FOODS TYPES IN MENU
Menu A list of dishes available in a restaurant.
Desserts Dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal
Starters, appetizer is a small quantity of food served before the main course
Main courses The principal(main) dish of a meal, the main course was meat, mainly
pork, goat or sheep, and it was followed by fruit: grapes, apricots,
plums, peaches and pears.
Drinks Drinks served after the main course

ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE FOOD
Salty Salty is used to describe food that tastes too much of salt. It is usually used
as a negative description.
Sweet Sweet foods have a sugary flavor, such as cake, ice cream, chocolate,
lollipops and mangoes.
Smoky Smoky describes foods that taste of smoked wood.
Spicy/hot Spicy is the taste that makes one's mouth burn from strong chilies.
Hot can be used to describe spicy food or food that has a very high
temperature. "This curry is HOT!"
sour having an acid taste that is like the taste of a lemon.
"Lemons are very sour!

Bitter Bitter describes a strong and sometimes unpleasant flavor that is the opposite
of sweet. Coffee, very dark chocolate, beer and citrus peel are all bitter.
Creamy Creamy foods are smooth, soft and thick. While they are often made with
milk or cream,

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
Just use the base (infinitive) form of the verb:
I, We , You , They (I take, you take, we take, they take)
The 3rd person singular (He , She , It) takes an -s at the end. (he takes, she thinks , it needs)
NOTES ON THE SIMPLE PRESENT, THIRD PERSON
Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Exception: if there is a vowel (A – E – I – O – U) before the -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
How to Ask a Question

Do/ Does + [subject] + [infinitive form of verb].
Do you know how to bake a pie?
Does he want strawberry?
How to Make the Simple Present Negative

Subject + Do/ Does + not + [infinitive form of verb].
Subject + don’t or doesn’t + [infinitive form of verb].
Mia does not want to take lunch in the Greek restaurant.
Her friends do not agree. I don’t want pie anyway.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS USED:
To express habits , general truths , repeated actions , emotions and wishes:

I smoke (habit); They watch television regularly.
I work in London (unchanging situation);
London is a large city (general truth)
We catch the bus every morning. (repeated action)
To give instructions or directions:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
To express fixed arrangements, present or future:
Your exam starts at 09.00 am
His mother arrives tomorrow.
For the Simple Present these are some words: ( always – often – usually – sometimes – never
– every day, week , year)
Exercise (1): Choose the correct answer:
1. He ……… (drinks - drink – is drinking) tea at breakfast.
2. She only ……. (eat – ate – eats) fish.
3. It ……. (raining – rains - is raining) every afternoon in the hot season.
4. They ………. (drives – are driving – drive) to Monaco every summer.
5. Water …….. (freeze – froze – freezes) at zero degrees.
6. The Earth …….. (revolves – revolve – revolved) around the Sun.
7. Our holiday …….. (strat – started – starts) on the 26th March.
8. She'll see you before she …….. (leaves – left – leave).
9. We'll give it to them when they ……. (arrives – arrived – are arriving).

Exercise (2): Correct the verbs between brackets:
1. He (go) to school every morning. ……………………………………………………………
2. She (understand) English……………………………………………………………………….
3. It (mix) the sand and the water…………………………………………………………………
4. He (try) very hard…………………………………………………………………………………
5. She (enjoy) playing the piano…………………………………………………………………..
6. The sun (set) in the west………………………………………………………………………..

7. So, I (go) to Mr. D and say “I (deserve) a better mark in this class”………………………
8. Jones (stop) in mid-court and (pass) the ball to Schuster…………………………………..
9. Every year his family ____________ to Europe for two weeks. (go)
10. Tammy and Jen ______________ a Pilates class on Wednesday mornings.(take)
11. __________ that airline __________ to Paris? (fly)
12. The semester _____________ until the end of June. (not finish)
13. Tony usually _________ to call his mother in the mornings. (try)
14. The shops ___________ until 21:00. (not close)
15. Gerard _________ the ball and __________ it into the net. (receive/kick)
16. _________times a day _____ you _____ your dogs for a walk? (take)
17. ________ he always ________ his cell phone for long distance calls? (use)

Terminology
1- The Meaning of 'Travel', 'Tourism' and 'Tourist'

1- Travel
Travel comprises all journeys from one place to another. It includes all journeys made by
people who enter a country for leisure, to work, study or who just pass through a country
without stopping.
2- Tourism
UNWTO defined it as indicated below;
"Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more than one consecutive year and not less than one night for
leisure, business and other purposes without earning money."
(All tourism should have some travel, but not all travel is tourism)
Three criteria are used simultaneously in order to characterize a trip as belonging to tourism :
• It involves a displacement outside the usual environment.

• Type of purpose: the travel must occur for any purpose.
• Duration.
3- Definitions of “Tourist” “Travelers” …………

Travelers
A traveller is someone who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose and
any duration. Travelers are divided into:
A. Visitors
A traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his / her usual environment, for less than
a year for any purpose (leisure, business, …) other than to be employed by a resident entity in
the country or place visited. A visitor is classified as:

1. Tourist (overnight visitor)
A tourist is a person who travels to destinations outside his/her residence and working place,
and stays for at least 24 hours (overnight stay), for any purpose not for earning money.
Visitors who spend at least one night in the country visited are tourists.
2. Excursionist
An excursionist is a person who temporarily visits a destination and stays for less than 24
hours, for the purpose of leisure or business, but not for transit.
B. Other travelers
4- Tourist Destination
The end point of a trip or the place to which a traveler is going to. This can be a town a
resort,…..

5- Tourist Product Components:
A. Tourist Attractions
Which can be defined as a dynamic component of travel and tourism industry. They attract
visitors to destination by providing opportunities for relaxation , entertainment and education
• Natural Attractions are attractions that has been created by Allah (Climate, mountains,
Beaches And Marine Areas, Flora And Fauna, Special Environmental Features, Conservation
Areas, …..)
• Built (manmade) Attractions are attractions that has been created by man
(Archaeological, Historical, cultural Site, Art And Handicraft, , Museums , Cultural Festivals,
Friendliness Of Residents and food)
B. The facilities and services
In every destination, there are lots of tourist services and facilities as follows:-
i. Tourist Information centers.
ii. Shopping and Personal Services
iii. Money Exchange and Other Financial Services.
iv. Medical Facilities and Services.
v. Public Safety
vi. Postal Services
vii. Entry and Exit facilities.
C. Transportation (Accessibility)
Transportation also means accessibility. The important transportation modes are road, rail, air,
and water transport.

D. Accommodation
The term "accommodation" refers to the places where tourists can stay in the tourist
destination. Accommodation is the temporary home for travelers. There are several types of
accommodations such as Hotels, resorts, motels, youth hostels and caravans.
E. Infrastructure
Infrastructure refers to the basic equipments and structures that are needed for a country,
region, or organization to function properly such as:-
i. Water Supply
ii. Electric Power
iii. Sewage Disposal
iv. Telecommunications
v. Road network.
5-Forms of Tourism
✓ According to motivation – purpose of Visit
A- Leisure / Holiday Tourism
Leisure/Holiday tourism can be divided into 2 forms:

1. Relaxation
2. Sightseeing
B- Business Tourism
The business travelers may travel for various purposes, for example, trade, meeting,
convention and exhibition.

C- Cultural Tourism
Cultural tourism is well known as "Heritage Tourism", Cultural tourism can be defined as 'the
movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their normal place of residence, with the
intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their cultural needs'. The cultural
attractions include museums, galleries, festivals, architecture, historic sites and arts.
D- Eco-tourism
Tourists of this kind enjoy traveling to natural areas. They will minimize their impact on the
environment as well as protect the natural resources during their travel.
F- Religious Pilgrimage
Religious tourism is a type of tourism, where people travel individually or in groups for visiting a
place of spiritual significance such as Mecca, medina and Vatican.
G- Health Tourism
Health tourism means travelling for the purpose of improving or preserving health by using
natural resources such as mud baths, solar baths, the mineral content of the water, and other
ideal climatic conditions.
H- Medical Tourism
Medical Tourism refers to the patient movement to other areas of the world for medical care, or
a surgical procedure

I- Sports Tourism
Sports Tourism or Sport Tourism refers to international trips specifically taken to experience a
sport or to watch sporting events, the common examples include international sporting events
are world cups and the Olympics.
✓ According to place of destination
A. Domestic Tourism
Domestic tourism involves trips made by local residents within their own countries.
Example: An American, who lives in New York, takes a business trip to Los Angeles.
B. International Tourism
International Tourism involves trips between two countries, to a certain country, visits by
residents of that country to another country is outbound tourism; visits to that country by
residents of another country is inbound tourism.
Example: Trips between Hong Kong and Japan. Hong Kong as the point of origin/point of
destination:
• Visits made by Hong Kong residents to Japan are Hong Kong’s outbound tourism;
• Visits made by Japanese to Hong Kong are Hong Kong’s inbound tourism.
✓ According to Gender
- Male
- Female
✓ Number of passengers

• Individual
• Group Mass
✓ Age
• Older people
• Senior
• teenagers
• Youth
✓ Mean of transportation
• Air
• Sea
• Land
Idioms
What is an idiom?
An idiom is a phrase that has a meaning which is different from the meanings of each
individual word in it.
1- Between a rock and a hard place
To be in a very difficult situation and to have to make a hard decision between two
things that are equally unpleasant.
Example:
“I don’t know what to do – if I go to the party I won’t be able to do my homework and my
teacher will be really angry tomorrow but if I stay at home and do my homework I’m going to
miss a great party! I hate being between a rock and a hard place!”

2- Let the cat out of the bag
To reveal a secret or a surprise, usually by accident.
Examples:
• “It’s a secret. Try not to let the cat out of the bag.”
• “We were going to have a surprise birthday for dad, but my silly brother let the cat out
of the bag the day before.”
3- A piece of cake
Something which is very easy to do.
Examples:
• “I’m sure the test next week will be a piece of cake for me. I’ve been studying for
weeks!”
• “The football match today was a piece of cake! All the best players in the other team
had injuries so we scored 6 goals!”
4- Under the weather

To feel ill/unwell.
Examples:
• “Hi John, it’s Simon. Sorry but I can’t come to work today – I’m a bit under the
weather.”
• “I’ve been feeling a little under the weather today. I had to wait outside in the rain for 2
hours last night and I think I may have caught a cold.”
5- Can't judge a book by its cover

Cannot judge something primarily on appearance.

Examples:
• Pineapple is a delicious fruit, but it never appealed to me because of its hard and spiky
shape. However, after a friend cut a slice for me to eat, I learned that you shouldn’t
judge a book by its cover.
Test yourself
Can you complete these sentences with the idioms above?
1. I’m caught _______ _ ____ ___ _ ____ _____. If I stay in this job I will be really
unhappy but if I quit my job I might not find a new one for months. I don’t know what to
do.
2. I thought the exam would be _ _____ __ ____ but it was really difficult. I wish I’d
studied more.
3. I can’t believe you ___ ______ ___ __ ___ ___. You really ruined the surprise!
4. I’m feeling a bit_____ __________ - I think I’ve caught a cold.

Types of Hotels
Classification of Hotels by their Type

Hotels may be classified according to many bases. These bases may include the
following criteria:
 Hotel Size / Number of Rooms

 Target Markets
 Levels of Service / Facilities Provided
 Ownership and Affil
ffiliation
 Location
Specialized English Language (1) – Tourism and Hospitality Section 34 | P a g e

1. Size / Number of Rooms
 Under 200 rooms
 200 to 399 rooms
 400 to 700 rooms
 More than 700 rooms
The above categories enable hotels of similar size to compare operating

procedures and statistical results.
2. Target Markets
Hotel targets many markets and can be classified according to the markets they
attempt to attract their guests. The common types of markets may include:
1. Business Hotels / Down Town or City Center Hotels:
These hotels are the largest group of hotel types. They primarily cater to
business travellers and usually located in downtown or business districts.
Although Business hotels primarily serve business travellers, many tour groups,
individual tourists and small conference groups find these hotels attractive.
Guest amenities at business hotels may include complimentary newspapers,
morning coffee, free local telephone calls, Breakfast… etc.
2. Airport Hotels:
These hotels typically target business clients, airline passengers with overnight
travel or cancelled flights, as well as airline crews or staff.
Some hotels might give free transport between hotel and airport. Some Airport
hotels also charge the guest by the hour instead of normal daily night charges.

3. Suite Hotels:
These hotels are the latest trend and the fastest growing segments of the hotel
industry. Such hotels have a living room and a separate bedroom.
Professionals such as accountants, lawyers, businessmen and executives find

suite hotels particularly attractive as they can work and also entertain in an area
beside the bedroom.
4. Extended Stay Hotels:
Extended stay hotels are somewhat similar to the suite hotels, but usually offer
kitchen amenities in the room. These hotels are for long-stayers who want to
stay more than a week and do not want to spend on hotel facilities.
5. Residential Hotels / Serviced Apartments:
Residential Hotels or Serviced Apartments provide long-term or permanent

accommodation for guests. Usually guest makes a lease or rent agreement with
the hotel for the minimum of one month up to a year.
Rooms generally include living room, bedroom, kitchen, private balcony,

washing machines, kitchen utensils… etc. Unlike normal hotels, Serviced
Apartments or Residential Hotels only provide weekly housekeeping service.
6. Resort Hotels:
Resort hotels are usually located in remote destinations, such as the mountains,
on an island, or in some other exotic locations away from cities.
These hotels have recreational facilities, landscape, golf, tennis, sailing, skiing
and swimming. Resort hotels provide enjoyable and memorable guest
experiences that encourage guest to repeat her/his visit to the resort.

7. Bed and Breakfast Hotels (B&B) / Homestays:
These hotels include up to 10 guest rooms. They provide only overnight

accommodation; and are also known as “Home Stays”.
The owner of the B&B house usually stays on the same premise and is
responsible for serving breakfast to the guest.
8. Timeshare Hotels / Vacation Rentals:
Another new type of the hospitality industry is the timeshare hotels. These are
sometimes referred to as “Vacation-interval” hotels.
Timeshare hotels are where the guests who purchase the ownership of
accommodations for a specific period. These owners may also have the unit
rented out by the management company that operates the hotel.
9. Casino Hotels:
Hotels with gambling facilities are called Casino Hotels. Although the food and
beverage operations (F&B) in the casino are luxurious; their functions are
supportive of casino operations.
10. Conference and Convention Centers:
This type of hotels focuses on meetings and conferences, and offers overnight
accommodation for meeting attendees.
They also provide video conferencing facility, audiovisual equipment, business

services, flexible seating arrangements, flipchart… etc.
These hotels mostly located outside the metropolitan areas, and may have
facilities like golf, swimming pools, tennis courts, fitness centers, spas… etc.

3. Levels Of service
1. World-Class Service:
These hotels are also called luxury / Five Start hotels. They target top business
executives, entertainment celebrities, high-ranking political figures, and wealthy
guests as their primary markets.
They provide upscale restaurants and lounges, Valet (laundry), concierge

services, as well as private dining facilities.
2. Mid-Range Service:
Hotels offering mid-range service may be 3- to 4-star hotels. These hotels attract
the largest segment of the travelling guests.
This type of hotels does not provide elaborate service and have an adequate
staffing.
They also provide uniformed service, food and beverage room service, in-room
entertainments and also Wi-Fi…etc.
3. Budget / Limited Service:
These hotels provide clean, comfortable, safe, inexpensive rooms and meet the
basic need of guests.
Budget hotels appeal primarily to budget-minded travelers, who want a room

with minimum services and amenities required for the comfortable stay, without
paying an additional cost for unnecessary costly services.

4. Ownership and Affiliations
1. Independent / Single Owner Hotels:
These hotels do not have identifiable ownership or management affiliation with

other properties.
Example of the same would be family owned and operated hotel that is not
following any corporate policies or procedures.
2. Chain hotels:
These hotels are part of a hotel chain. This type of ownership usually imposes
certain minimum standards, rules, policies and procedures to restrict affiliate
activities.
In general, the more centralized the organization will result in the stronger
control over the individual property.

Different Types of Room in Hotels
In hotels, the rooms are categorized and priced according to the type of bed,
number of occupants, number of bed, decor, specific furnishings or features and
nowadays special even the special theme available in the room.
When assigning the guest room before the arrival of the guest, the front desk
agent must be aware of guest room characteristics for each room type available
in the hotel. The agent also must consider any guest specific request such as
room away from the elevator, twin bedroom, non-smoking room… etc.
The Following table shows room type definitions that are common in
the hotel industry:
1) Single Room: 2) Double Room:
A room assigned to 1 person. May have one A room assigned to 2 people. May have one
or more beds. or more beds.
The size is generally between 37 m² to 45 m². The size is generally between 40 m² to 45 m².

3) Triple Room: 4) Quad Room:
A room that can accommodate 3 persons and A room assigned to 4 people. May have two
has been fitted with 3 twin beds, one double or more beds.
bed and one twin bed or two double beds. The room size is generally between 70 m² to
The room size is between 45 m² to 65 m². 85 m².
5) Queen-Bed Room: 6) King-Bed Room:
A room with a queen-sized bed. May be A room with a king-sized bed. May be
occupied by one or more people. occupied by one or more people.

7) Twin Room: 8) Hollywood Twin Room:
A room with 2 twin beds. May be occupied A room that can accommodate 2 persons with
by one or more people. 2 twin beds joined together by a common
The room size is between 32 m² to 40 m². headboard.
The room size is between 32 m² to 40 m².
9) Double-double Room: 10) Studio Room:
A Room with 2 double (or queen) beds. It A room with a studio bed—a couch which
can accommodate 2-4 persons. can be converted into a bed.
The room size is between 50 m² to 70 m². May also have an additional bed.
The Studio room is between 25 m² to 40 m².

11) Suite / Executive Suite: 12) Mini Suite or Junior Suite:
A living room is connected with one or more A single room with a bed and sitting area.
bedrooms. (A room with one or more Sometimes the sleeping area is in a bedroom
bedrooms and a separate living space.) separate from the living room.
The size is between 70 m² to 100 m². The size is generally between 60 m² to 80 m².
13) President Suite / Presidential Suite: 14) Apartments / Room for Extended Stay:
The most expensive room provided by a This room type can be found in service
hotel. Usually, only one president suite is apartments and hotels which target for long
available in one single hotel property. stay guests.
A president suite always has one or more Open kitchens, cooking equipment, dryer,
bedrooms and a living space with a strong washer…etc. are usually available in the
emphasis on grand in-room decoration, high- room. Housekeeping services are only
quality amenities and supplies, and tailor- provided once in a week or 2 times in a week.
made services (e.g. personal butler service). The room size is between 96 m² to 250 m².
It is generally between 80 m² to 350 m².

15) Connecting Rooms: 16) Murphy Room:
Rooms with individual entrance doors from A room that is fitted with a sofa bed or a
the outside and a connecting door between. Murphy bed (i.e. a bed that folds out of a
Guests can move between rooms without wall or closet) which can be transformed
going through the hallway. from a bedroom in the night time to a living
room in daytime.
The size is generally between 30 m² to 50 m².
17) Accessible Room / Disabled Room: 18) Cabana:
This room type is mainly designed for This type of room is always adjoining to the
disabled guests. It is required by law that swimming pool or has a private pool attached
hotels must provide a certain number of to the room.
accessible rooms to avoid discrimination. The size is generally between 30 m² to 45 m².

19) Adjoining Rooms: 20) Adjacent Rooms:
Rooms with a common wall, but no Rooms close to each other, perhaps across
connecting door. the hall.
21) Villa: 22) Executive Floor / Floored Room:

A special type of accommodation which can A room located on the “executive floor”
be found in some resort hotels. which enables convenient access to the
It is a kind of stand-alone house which gives executive lounge.
extra privacy and space to hotel guests. Besides, some hotels also provide “female
A fully equipped villa contains not only executive floors” with their rooms assigned
bedrooms and a living room but a private to female guests only due to safety and
swimming pool, Jacuzzi and balcony. security reasons.
It is suitable for couples, families and large The size is generally between 32 m² to 50 m².
groups.
The size is between 100 m² to 150 m².
23) Smoking / Non-Smoking Room:

Many hotels provide both smoking and non-smoking rooms for their guests. In order to
minimize the effects of secondhand smoke exposure on non-smoking guests. This rule may
apply for any of the above room types.

Types of Restaurants
A restaurant is an establishment where food is served and provides a service,
depending on the theme and concept, in which the restaurant is defined.
It is a business that prepares and serves food and drink to customers in return
for money, either paid before the meal, after the meal, or with an open account
(the case of hotel guests).
What Is a Restaurant Concept?
A restaurant concept is the overall idea or theme that defines the restaurant.
Concepts include menu's design, service style, dining room decor, and the style
of food.
Many restaurants depend on a chef’s personal experiences or interests. Heritage,

local ingredients, traditions, or family are all common sources of inspiration for
restaurant concepts.
But concepts can also be defined by a chef’s travel experience, training, or an

interest in a certain area of art, science, or culture. After all, food is a mixture of
all those things.
Classification of Restaurants
While each restaurant has its own unique ambiance and feel, it’s still possible to
distinguish restaurants based on common factors, as follows:

1. Level of Formality:
The decor of a restaurant, along with how guests are expected to dress,
determines how casual or upscale a restaurant is.
In addition, table service versus counter service and the attentiveness of the
servers are also indicators.
 Fine dining restaurants: high-end decor, formal dress, full table service,
and attentive servers.
 Casual restaurants: relaxed atmosphere, casual dress, full table service,
counter service, or less formal servers.
2. Price Range:
Restaurants fall under a price range of inexpensive to quite pricey.
Restaurant pricing is the average price of a meal at its business listings, it
could be: ($) inexpensive, ($$) moderately priced, ($$$) pricey, or ($$$$)
priciest.
3. Type of Food:
Restaurants may differ as a result of each establishment’s type of food,
quality, and presentation of food.
 Type of Food: Menus may be based on a cuisine from a certain region,
or they may solely feature innovations from the chef, such as pizza and
steakhouses.
 Quality of Ingredients: Quality relates to what the ingredients are,
where they are from, and how they are prepared. For example, a
restaurant may use fresh, local, and organic ingredients. On the other
hand, it might use processed food made with preservatives.
 Presentation of Meals: Some restaurants feature highly visual dishes
with garnishes, whereas other restaurants offer a more modest, simple
presentation. Some restaurants only serve food in disposable take-out
items and others serve food on the finest dinnerware.

The following represents the most common types of restaurants:
1. Fine Dining
Most of the population might only visit high-end establishments for special
occasions, such as an anniversary, birthday, or wedding.
The majority of fine dining restaurants can be characterized by the following:
 Formal dress code and fine dining etiquette
 High-end decor and a formal atmosphere
 Staff members are generally more attentive and follow certain etiquette for
taking and serving meals
 Menus may feature exotic or interesting dishes and ingredients
 Price range of pricey $$$ - priciest $$$$
2. Casual Dining
The ambiance or atmosphere of casual dining restaurants varies greatly based on
the brand and intended customer base, but most share the following qualities:
 Moderately-priced menus
 Table service
 Low-key atmosphere
 Unique decor
 Price range of moderately priced $$
3. Family Style
Some family style restaurants only feature shareable platters. Other restaurants
offer a family style option along with the option for individual dishes. Below
are common attributes of a family style restaurant:
 Food served on large platters for parties to share
 Table service
 Guests typically pass around the dishes and serve themselves
 Many have a casual atmosphere, though upscale family style restaurants exist
 Price range of moderately priced $$ - priciest $$$$

4. Fast Casual
There is a rising number of fast casual restaurants that cater to people looking
for a quick bite that’s healthier than fast food, but more affordable than sit-
down, casual restaurants.
Most fast casual restaurants have the following characteristics:
 Quality of food and prices are usually higher than fast food, but lower than
casual dining
 Counter service
 Casual environment and decor
 Price range of inexpensive $ - moderately priced $$
5. Fast Food or Quick Serve Restaurant

You are familiar with the most popular fast food restaurants, like McDonald's.
Below are the characteristics shared by most fast food places:
 Focus is primarily on quick service
 Counter service or drive-thru
 Usually a chain and serves standardized meals made of processed food
 Casual ambiance
 Food served in disposable items, like plastic containers, paper food trays, and
to-go bowls
 Price range of inexpensive $
6. Cafe or Coffee Shop

Cafes provide a flexible space for different purposes. You may need a quick cup
of coffee on your way to work or you may meet with an old friend there.
Most cafes have the following attributes:
 Usually serve coffee, tea, pastries, and small items for breakfast and lunch
 Casual, relaxed atmosphere
 Many people might work or socialize for periods of time at a cafe

7. Buffet
Buffets allow guests to choose their food by providing an array of options.
Some are referred to as “All You Can Eat” restaurants, and they mostly feature a
theme, such as buffets that specialize in Chinese or Indian food.
Below are common characteristics of a buffet:
 A selection of food at a fixed price
 Food on buffet bars from which guests serve themselves
 Modest to extensive selection (might include salad, soup, appetizers, hot
entrees, dessert, and fruit)
 Could feature one cuisine or multiple
 Usually a casual, yet elegant decor
 Price range of moderately priced $$
8. Food Trucks and Stands

Food trucks and stands can take various forms. This might be your city street
falafel food truck, your baseball game hot dog stand, or your organic burger
food truck.
Food stands and food trucks are convenient options, as owners purchase a small
unit (food truck or stand) instead of a large brick-and-mortar space.
The range of food types and quality of food differs. However, most food trucks
and stands share the following characteristics:
 Normally serve a small menu of a singular type of food (hot dogs, ice cream,
sandwiches, smoothies … etc.)
 These are normally outdoors at sporting events, fairs, or on city streets
 Food is partially or fully pre-made
As the restaurant industry continues to grow, new concepts and innovative takes
on classic restaurant types are bound to come to light.
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King Faisal University

Social Studies Department

Tourism and hospitality Section

Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 1

B BRAVO BRAH VOH

C CHARLIE CHAR LEE (or) SHAR LEE

D DELTA DELL TAH

H HOTEL HOH TELL

J JULIETT JEW LEE ETT

K KILO KEY LOW

L LIMA LEE MAH

N NOVEMBER NO VEM BER

O OSCAR OSS CAH

P PAPA PAH PAH

Q QUEBEC KEH BECK

R ROMEO – ROMA ROW ME OH

U UNIFORM YOU NEE FORM (or) OO NEE FORM

V VICTOR VIK TAH

W WHISKEY WISS KEY

X XRAY ECKS RAY

Y YANKEE YANG KEY

Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 2

Abbreviations of Months of the year

Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 3

Sir. / Mr. Man or male married or unmarried

MRS. Married woman

MS. Female whether she is married or not (single)

Miss Young women less than 16 years old

Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 4

Cardinal numbers Ordinal Numbers Abbreviation

One 1 First 1st

Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 5

Countries, nationalities, capitals and currencies

• The country name is a noun.

Country people, food, language Capital Currency

China Chinese Beijing Chinese Yuan

United States American Washington D.C. United States Dollar

Germany German Berlin Euro

United British London British Pound GBP

France French Paris Euro

Australia Australian Canberra Australian dollar

Canada Canadian Ottawa Canadian dollar

Russian Russian Moscow Ruble

Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 6

Spain Spanish Madrid Euro

Mexico Mexican Mexico City peso

Turkey Turkish Turkish Turkish lira

Thailand Bangkok Thai Thai Baht

Egypt Egyptian Cairo Egyptian Pound

Saudi Arabia Saudi Riyadh Saudi Riyal

United Arab Emirati Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Indonesia Indonesian Jakarta Rupiah

Kenya Kenyan Nairobi Kenyan shilling

Greece Greek Athens Euro

Malaysia Malaysian Kuala lumpur Ringgit

I am Egyptian women- man. (Verb to be + nationality)

I am from Egypt. (Verb to be + from + Country/city)

I come from Greece and I speak Greek.

My sister lives in Australia and she has married an Australian.

Excuse me I am looking for a French restaurant.

The capital of Germany is Berlin

Specialized English Language (1)- Tourism and hospitality Section Page 7